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1
Sokolov, Evgeni N. "Neuronal basis of imagery." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 2 (April 2002): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02500042.
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The depiction of pictures as specified points in a functional space is achieved by vector encoding. Picture-selective neurons are added to the declarative memory in the process of learning. New neurons are recruited from stem cells through their proliferation and differentiation. Electrical stimulation of the temporo-parietal cortex produces subjective scenes of the past similar to imagery.
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Snene, H., H. El Kefi, A. Oumaya, and S. Gallali. "Hypothèses étiopathogéniques de la schizophrénie au décours d’un traumatisme crânien : revue de la littérature." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.080.
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IntroductionLa schizophrénie et le traumatisme crânien (TC) sont deux problèmes majeurs de la santé publique. Parmi les complications neuropsychologiques et psychiatriques secondaires au traumatisme crânien, les psychoses post-traumatiques interrogent plusieurs cadres nosographiques. Cependant, les liens épidémiologiques entre TC et schizophrénie sont difficiles à établir [2]. ObjectifL’objectif de notre travail est de détailler les différentes hypothèses étiopahogéniques avancées dans la littérature à propos de la schizophrénie se développant au décours d’un TC.RésultatsCette entité clinique interroge les théories physiopathologiques de la schizophrénie dans une approche étiologique. Les modèles neurodégénératifs, de dysrégulation dopaminergique et neurodéveloppemental sont souvent utiles pour expliciter les troubles psychotiques post-traumatiques. Hypothèse dégénérativeLe TC peut entraîner une baisse des capacités de réserve cérébrale par une accumulation de peptide amyloïde bêta pourvoyeuse de déficits cognitifs. Le modèle interactif gène environnement entre le TC qui éprouve une vulnérabilité allélique de l’apolipoprotéine E et décrit dans la physiopathologie de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Le même modèle est transposable à la schizophrénie post-traumatique [1].Hypothèse neurodéveloppementaleLes lésions cérébrales microscopiques secondaires à un TC peuvent entraîner un remodelage neuronal induisant le développement d’un trouble schizophrénique chez un sujet vulnérable et prédisposé. La latence entre le TC et l’apparition des premiers symptômes cliniques correspond aux remaniements neuronaux [3].Hypothèse dopaminergiqueLa présence de symptômes psychotiques secondaires à un TC peut résulter d’une interaction entre la blessure cérébrale et une prédisposition neurobiologique anté-traumatique à la schizophrénie. L’efficacité des antipsychotiques sur les symptômes psychotiques post-traumatiques ou schizophréniques est un argument indirect suggérant le rôle d’une dysrégulation dopaminergiques dans ces pathologies.ConclusionLes avancées techniques de neuro-imagerie et de neurobiologie offrent des perspectives nouvelles pour la compréhension physiopathologique des troubles psychotiques post-traumatiques ainsi que son lien avec la schizophrénie primaire.
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Ladouceur, Cecile D. "L’influence de la puberté sur les circuits neuronaux sous-tendant la régulation des émotions : implications pour la compréhension des risques de troubles affectifs." Santé mentale au Québec 41, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036965ar.
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L’adolescence, avec le début de la puberté, représente une période développementale durant laquelle il existe une plus grande vulnérabilité pour l’émergence de psychopathologies telle que les troubles affectifs. C’est également une importante période de maturation des circuits neuronaux sous-tendant la régulation des émotions, suggérant ainsi la possibilité que certains mécanismes neurodéveloppementaux puissent contribuer à cette vulnérabilité. Bien que plusieurs études épidémiologiques suggèrent une prévalence plus élevée de troubles dépressifs durant la puberté chez les filles, les chercheurs ne font que commencer à se pencher sur la question de l’influence spécifique de la puberté sur le développement des circuits fronto-striato-limbiques sous-tendant la régulation des émotions. Cet article inclut a) la présentation d’études en imagerie par résonance magnétique axées sur l’étude du développement cérébral sous-tendant les émotions pendant la puberté ; b) le traitement de l’importance de l’étude du développement cérébral pendant la puberté afin d’élucider les facteurs prédisposant aux troubles affectifs ; c) une intégration des recherches scientifiques en neuroscience affective du développement en vue de développer des stratégies d’intervention pour les troubles affectifs chez l’adolescent.
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Mestre-Bach, Gemma, and Marc N. Potenza. "Neuroimaging Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorder: Can We Achieve the Promise of Translating Understanding of Brain Functioning Into Clinical Advances?" Canadian Journal of Addiction 14, no. 3 (September 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cxa.0000000000000178.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: Here, we aimed to consider the neural factors associated with internet gaming disorder (IGD), as well as the associations between these factors and existing treatments for the disorder. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. Results: Pharmacological as well as psychological treatments for IGD may be associated with specific changes in multiple brain areas and circuits. In particular, frontostriatal and subcortical regions and pathways appear relevant to IGD and its treatment. Conclusions: Neuroimaging holds promise for identifying specific mechanisms underlying IGD interventions. However, to date, firm conclusions are difficult to draw and more research examining neural mechanisms of empirically supported treatments for IGD is needed. Objectifs: Nous avons cherché à examiner les facteurs neuronaux associés au trouble du jeu sur internet (TJI), ainsi que les associations entre ces facteurs et les traitements existants pour ce trouble. Méthodes: Une étude narrative a été réalisée. Résultats: Les traitements pharmacologiques et psychologiques du TJI peuvent être associés à des changements spécifiques dans de multiples zones et circuits cérébraux. En particulier, les régions et voies fronto-striatales et sous-corticales semblent pertinentes pour le TJI et son traitement. Conclusions: La neuro-imagerie est prometteuse pour l’identification des mécanismes spécifiques qui sous-tendent les interventions du TJI. Cependant, à ce jour, il est difficile de tirer des conclusions définitives et il est nécessaire de poursuivre les recherches sur les mécanismes neuronaux des traitements empiriques du TJI.
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Dilsizian, V., and J. Narula. "Have Imagers Aptly or Inadvertently Overlooked the Neuronal Myocardial Compartment?" Journal of Nuclear Medicine 56, Supplement_4 (June 1, 2015): 1S—2S. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.114.142810.
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Herholz, Sibylle C., Andrea R. Halpern, and Robert J. Zatorre. "Neuronal Correlates of Perception, Imagery, and Memory for Familiar Tunes." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 6 (June 2012): 1382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00216.
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We used fMRI to investigate the neuronal correlates of encoding and recognizing heard and imagined melodies. Ten participants were shown lyrics of familiar verbal tunes; they either heard the tune along with the lyrics, or they had to imagine it. In a subsequent surprise recognition test, they had to identify the titles of tunes that they had heard or imagined earlier. The functional data showed substantial overlap during melody perception and imagery, including secondary auditory areas. During imagery compared with perception, an extended network including pFC, SMA, intraparietal sulcus, and cerebellum showed increased activity, in line with the increased processing demands of imagery. Functional connectivity of anterior right temporal cortex with frontal areas was increased during imagery compared with perception, indicating that these areas form an imagery-related network. Activity in right superior temporal gyrus and pFC was correlated with the subjective rating of imagery vividness. Similar to the encoding phase, the recognition task recruited overlapping areas, including inferior frontal cortex associated with memory retrieval, as well as left middle temporal gyrus. The results present new evidence for the cortical network underlying goal-directed auditory imagery, with a prominent role of the right pFC both for the subjective impression of imagery vividness and for on-line mental monitoring of imagery-related activity in auditory areas.
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Hunt, Andrea McGraw. "Protocol for a Neurophenomenological Investigation of a Guided Imagery and Music Experience (Part I)." Music and Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 16, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v9i2.501.
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Abstract This article, Part I of II, describes the rationale and background literature of an investigation into a music and imagery (GIM) experience modeled upon the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music[1]. This investigation aimed to obtain an integrated description of participants’ subjective experiences and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses during the GIM session in order to gain understanding into the integrated neuronal and experiential demands of imaginal listening to music while in an altered state of consciousness (ASC). Neuroscience research has demonstrated the utility of EEG for investigating neuronal responses during ASCs, imagery, and music experiences. Additionally, several phenomenological studies have provided insight into the value and nature of client imagery in GIM contexts. Given evidence of both psychological and physiological benefits of the Bonny Method, and given the ever-growing neuroscience literature relating to phenomena occurring in GIM, there are likely relationships between participants’ imagery experiences and their brain behavior during a GIM session. This foundation justifies the use of neurophenomenology as a means of integrating individual participants’ EEG traces with their descriptions of their imagery experiences during a GIM session in order to obtain a description of the relationships between their subjective and neuronal phenomena. Keywords: Bonny Method, Guided Imagery and Music, neurophenomenology, EEG, Neuroimaging.
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Mechelli, A. "Where Bottom-up Meets Top-down: Neuronal Interactions during Perception and Imagery." Cerebral Cortex 14, no. 11 (May 13, 2004): 1256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhh087.
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Dumais, A., S. Potvin, G. Martin, S. Hodgins, A. Mendrek, O. Lungu, A. Tikasz, S. Richard-Devantoy, and C. Joyal. "Schizophrénie et violence : rôle de l’impulsivité, étude en imagerie fonctionnelle." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.097.
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De nombreuses études ont montré qu’il y a une association entre les comportements violents et le fait d’avoir un diagnostic de schizophrénie (Sz) [1,2]. Cependant, il a aussi été démontré que seulement une minorité des patients sera violente . Plusieurs études ont considéré ces phénomènes afin de mieux identifier les personnes à risque et, par la suite, des échelles d’évaluation où l’on retrouve des facteurs de risque psychosociaux ont été développées. Bien qu’intéressantes, ces échelles demeurent imparfaites pour déterminer le risque . Face à cette situation, la neurobiologie du risque a commencé à se développer, mais encore peu d’études ont examiné les corrélats neuronaux de la violence dans cette population, et particulièrement, en ce qui concerne les facteurs liés à l’expérience émotionnelle et au contrôle pulsionnel. Notre équipe a donc réalisé deux études d’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) chez cette population. Les résultats de ces 2 études seront présentés. Brièvement, le projet portant sur l’expérience des émotions négatives a montré une hyperactivation du cortex cingulaire antérieur dorsal chez les patients Sz violents (SzV), comparativement aux patients Sz non violents (SzNV) et aux témoins sains (TS). Il s’agit d’un résultat intéressant puisque cette zone est impliquée dans la régulation émotionnelle. Les résultats préliminaires de la deuxième étude montrent, en utilisant une tâche de prise de risque, que les patients SzV ont des activations importantes dans le système de récompense du cerveau lors de la réception d’une récompense en argent (x = −24 ; y = −13 ; z = 13 ; p < 0,001 ; 3080 mm3), comparativement aux patients SzNV et aux TS. Les résultats de nos deux premières études montrent ainsi qu’une spécificité neurobiologique existe chez les patients violents en ce qui a trait à la régulation émotionnelle et à l’activation du système de récompense.
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Istoc, A., A. Abanou, C. Habas, T. H. Nguyen, M. T. Iba-Zizen, J. L. Stiévenart, M. Yoshida, L. Bellinger, and E. A. Cabanis. "NR-WS-23 Imagerie en tenseur de diffusion (IRMTD) et neurotractographie du deuxieme neurone visuel." Journal de Radiologie 90, no. 10 (October 2009): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(09)76041-x.
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Mir, Tanveer Ahamd, and Hiroaki Shinohara. "Two-dimensional surface plasmon resonance imager: An approach to study neuronal differentiation." Analytical Biochemistry 443, no. 1 (December 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2013.08.008.
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Hunt, Andrea McGraw. "Protocol for a Neurophenomenological Investigation of a Guided Imagery and Music Experience (Part II)." Music and Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 16, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v9i2.572.
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Abstract This is Part II of a two-part article that includes a step-by-step description of the methodology undertaken in my study [1], as well as a discussion regarding the clinical implications of the data collection process. This application of neurophenomenology integrated individual experiential reports with EEG data to obtain a description of responses to a modified music and imagery (GIM) session based upon the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music. This article details the methodological challenges in addressing such questions, and ways in which I sought to work around and with them. The process of analyzing both the subjective and neuronal data revealed interesting questions both about the nature of the GIM experience, as well as about the limitations of integrating these very different sets of data, including: To what degree can participants fully convey their experiences to a researcher, and by extension, to a GIM therapist? How do participants recall their imagery experiences after the session, and what does this mean for practitioners during the session? To what degree can neuronal activity be attributed to specific imagery or perceptual experiences? What does a productive session look like from a neurophenomenological perspective? Pursuing these questions can lead to greater understanding of the mechanism of GIM’s effectiveness. Keywords: Bonny Method, Guided Imagery and Music, neurophenomenology, EEG, Neuroimaging.
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Anderson, William S., Nirit Weiss, Herman Christopher Lawson, Shinji Ohara, Lance Rowland, and Frederick A. Lenz. "Demonstration of motor imagery movement and phantom movement-related neuronal activity in human thalamus." NeuroReport 22, no. 2 (January 2011): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e328342c98a.
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NAKAHARA, K., M. OHBAYASHI, H. TOMITA, and Y. MIYASHITA. "The neuronal basis of visual memory and imagery in the primate: A neurophysiological approach." Advances in Biophysics 35 (1998): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-227x(98)80005-1.
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Zatorre, Robert J., Andrea R. Halpern, David W. Perry, Ernst Meyer, and Alan C. Evans. "Hearing in the Mind's Ear: A PET Investigation of Musical Imagery and Perception." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8, no. 1 (January 1996): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.1.29.
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Neuropsychological studies have suggested that imagery processes may be mediated by neuronal mechanisms similar to those used in perception. To test this hypothesis, and to explore the neural basis for song imagery, 12 normal subjects were scanned using the water bolus method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the performance of three tasks. In the control condition subjects saw pairs of words on each trial and judged which word was longer. In the perceptual condition subjects also viewed pairs of words, this time drawn from a familiar song; simultaneously they heard the corresponding song, and their task was to judge the change in pitch of the two cued words within the song. In the imagery condition, subjects performed precisely the same judgment as in the perceptual condition, but with no auditory input. Thus, to perform the imagery task correctly an internal auditory representation must be accessed. Paired-image subtraction of the resulting pattern of CBF, together with matched MRI for anatomical localization, revealed that both perceptual and imagery. tasks produced similar patterns of CBF changes, as compared to the control condition, in keeping with the hypothesis. More specifically, both perceiving and imagining songs are associated with bilateral neuronal activity in the secondary auditory cortices, suggesting that processes within these regions underlie the phenomenological impression of imagined sounds. Other CBF foci elicited in both tasks include areas in the left and right frontal lobes and in the left parietal lobe, as well as the supplementary motor area. This latter region implicates covert vocalization as one component of musical imagery. Direct comparison of imagery and perceptual tasks revealed CBF increases in the inferior frontal polar cortex and right thalamus. We speculate that this network of regions may be specifically associated with retrieval and/or generation of auditory information from memory.
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Kaufman, L., B. Schwartz, C. Salustri, and S. J. Williamson. "Modulation of Spontaneous Brain Activity during Mental Imagery." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2, no. 2 (April 1990): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1990.2.2.124.
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Magnetic measurements of average power of human alpha and beta activity over the occipital and parietal areas of the scalp reveal spatially selective suppression of the activity of the occipital cortex when abstract figures are briefly presented visually and subjects simply indicate that they saw the figure. However, the duration of the suppression increases markedly when subjects must indicate whether or not they had previously seen the figure. The reaction time is similarly prolonged during the search of visual memory, and is commensurate with the duration of selective suppression of brain activity. It is also demonstrated that alpha activity is not replaced by beta activity during this suppression, but that power in the beta band is also diminished during memory search. Low correlations between the scalp distributions of power in the beta and alpha bands indicate that partly different neuronal populations give rise to activity of these different frequency bands. Since magnetic fields are negligibly affected by intervening bone tissues, dramatic asymmetries in the distribution of alpha activity across the scalps of individuals and the differences in distribution between individuals cannot be ascribed to differences in skull thickness but are due instead to differences in underlying brain anatomy or function. Nevertheless, a common pattern of suppression of alpha activity is observed across subjects during well-controlled cognitive tasks. This implies that the visual system is involved in mental imagery.
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Fregnac, Yves, Pierre Baudot, Frédéric Chavane, Olivier Marre, Cyril Monier, Marc Pananceau, and Gérard Sadoc. "Imagerie fonctionnelle multi-échelle : reconstruction de la dynamique corticale à partir des échos synaptiques enregistrés dans un seul neurone." Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 193, no. 4 (April 2009): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4079(19)32526-9.
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Bazan, Ariane. "À propos de la neuropsychanalyse et de l’importance de penser le psychique." Filigrane 24, no. 1 (September 22, 2015): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033081ar.
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Ce texte propose de situer ce nouveau domaine d’interface, la dite « neuropsychanalyse » dans la logique de l’histoire de la psychologie afin d’en articuler une épistémologie contre-intuitive et non-réductionniste. Le fil conducteur est l’idée que, de par l’histoire de la pensée, ce furent à chaque fois les progrès bouleversants de la biologie qui ont donné lieu au fondement, puis à l’institution du domaine de la psychologie. Or, nous nous trouvons à nouveau dans un moment de grand bouleversement par les progrès en neuro-imagerie. La visualisation cérébrale étant devenue totalisante, nous pensons qu’elle va acculer la psychologie à son heure de vérité. En effet, le mental, en cette époque du paradigme médical et neurobiologique, est soit mal pensé (sur un mode médical, induisant ainsi structurellement de la psychopathologie), soit n’est pas pensé du tout (réduit à un épiphénomène du biologique). Quand le dernier neurone sera finalement retourné, nous aurons enfin la certitude que l’âme ne s’y trouve pas ; il s’agira de fonder le psychique autrement, notamment à partir du sujet et non de la fonction. Le psychique pourra alors se révéler comme relatif à une perspective sur le corps, plutôt qu’à partir du corps. D’où la subversion du paradigme classique qui propose de « remonter du corps à l’âme », comme dans ledit « dual aspect monism », soit l’épistémologie majoritairement en vigueur dans le domaine de la neuropsychanalyse. Nous nous démarquons de cette approche et souscrivons à un dualisme épistémologique, qui suggère que ce qui du sujet aidera à penser la physiologie, donnera consistance à une véritable science autonome du psychique. Plus précisément, nous proposons que les concepts de signifiant et de jouissance acquièrent une consistance du fait qu’ils peuvent offrir une grille de lecture éclairante de la physiologie du corps, voire même fonder une architecture de l’appareil psychique.
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Grosprêtre, Sidney, Florent Lebon, Charalambos Papaxanthis, and Alain Martin. "New evidence of corticospinal network modulation induced by motor imagery." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00952.2015.
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Motor imagery (MI) is the mental simulation of movement, without the corresponding muscle contraction. Whereas the activation of cortical motor areas during MI is established, the involvement of spinal structures is still under debate. We used original and complementary techniques to probe the influence of MI on spinal structures. Amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), cervico-medullary-evoked potentials (CMEPs), and Hoffmann (H)-reflexes of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle and of the triceps surae muscles was measured in young, healthy subjects at rest and during MI. Participants were asked to imagine maximal voluntary contraction of the wrist and ankle, while the targeted limb was fixed (static condition). We confirmed previous studies with an increase of FCR MEPs during MI compared with rest. Interestingly, CMEPs, but not H-reflexes, also increased during MI, revealing a possible activation of subcortical structures. Then, to investigate the effect of MI on the spinal network, we used two techniques: 1) passive lengthening of the targeted muscle via an isokinetic dynamometer and 2) conditioning of H-reflexes with stimulation of the antagonistic nerve. Both techniques activate spinal inhibitory presynaptic circuitry, reducing the H-reflex amplitude at rest. In contrast, no reduction of H-reflex amplitude was observed during MI. These findings suggest that MI has modulatory effects on the spinal neuronal network. Specifically, the activation of low-threshold spinal structures during specific conditions (lengthening and H-reflex conditioning) highlights the possible generation of subliminal cortical output during MI.
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Gupta, Ashutosh. "Analysis of the Effect of Variation of Reference Channel on Neuronal Activity for Motor Imagery Electroencephalography Signal." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i47/106422.
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Raouhi, El Mehdi, Mohamed Lachgar, Hamid Hrimech, and Ali Kartit. "Optimizing olive disease classification through transfer learning with unmanned aerial vehicle imagery." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i1.pp891-903.
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Early detection of diseases in growing olive trees is essential for reducing costs and increasing productivity in this crucial economic activity. The quality and quantity of olive oil depend on the health of the fruit, making accurate and timely information on olive tree diseases critical to monitor growth and anticipate fruit output. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deep learning (DL) has made it possible to quickly monitor olive diseases over a large area indeed of limited sampling methods. Moreover, the limited number of research studies on olive disease detection has motivated us to enrich the literature with this work by introducing new disease classes and classification methods for this tree. In this study, we present a UAV system using convolutional neuronal network (CNN) and transfer learning (TL). We constructed an olive disease dataset of 14K images, processed and trained it with various CNN in addition to the proposed MobileNet-TL for improved classification and generalization. The simulation results confirm that this model allows for efficient diseases classification, with a precision accuracy achieving 99% in validation. In summary, TL has a positive impact on MobileNet architecture by improving its performance and reducing the training time for new tasks.
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de'Sperati, Claudio. "Precise Oculomotor Correlates of Visuospatial Mental Rotation and Circular Motion Imagery." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 8 (November 1, 2003): 1244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322598184.
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Visual imagery is a basic form of cognition central to activities such as problem solving or creative thinking. Phenomena such as mental rotation, in which mental images undergo spatial transformations, and motion imagery, in which we imagine objects in motion, are very elusive. For example, although several aspects of visual imagery and mental rotation have been reconstructed through mental chronometry, their instantaneous evolution has never been directly observed. We paired mental chronometry to eye movement recording in subjects performing a visuospatial mental rotation task and an instructed circular motion imagery task. In both tasks, sequences of spontaneous saccades formed curved trajectories with a regular spatio-temporal evolution. In the visuospatial mental rotation task, saccadic amplitude decreased progressively within each sequence, resulting in an average gaze rotation with a bell-shaped asymmetrical angular velocity profile whose peak and mean increased with the amount of the to-be-performed rotation, as in reaching movements. In the second task, the average gaze rotation reproduced faithfully the to-be-imagined constant-velocity circular motion, thus excluding important distortions in the oculomotor performance. These findings show for the first time the instantaneous spatio-temporal evolution of mental rotation and motion imagery. Moreover, the fact that visuospatial mental rotation is modeled as a reaching act suggests that reaching pertains to the realm of visuospatial thinking, rather than being restricted to the motor domain. This approach based on eye movement recording can be profitably coupled to methods such as event-related potentials, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or functional magnetic resonance to study the precise neuronal dynamics associated with an ongoing mental activity.
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Lei, Jingyu. "Strengthen motor imagery for motor disorders patients in metaverse through brain computer interfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2580, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2580/1/012029.
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Abstract Both brain-computer interface (BCI) and metaverse technology are emerging research fields involving computer science, neuroscience, psychological, cognitive science, biomedical engineering, mathematics, signal processing, clinical medicine, automatic control, etc. This paper focuses on the role of both in the medical field for patients with motor disorders (MD). MD is mostly caused by neurological diseases or accidental trauma, which often results in the death of nerve cells, loss of synapses and localised neuronal conduction blockage, thereby damaging the neural network’s structural and functional integrity in the brain and disrupting the brain’s information processing processes, resulting in motor paralysis of the limbs. Approximately 3% of the world’s population is currently suffering from severe disabilities, and approximately 110-190 million people are unable to live independently. Of these, nearly 100 million suffer from motor paralysis caused by stroke, cerebrospinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which has a serious impact on their daily work and life. Scientists are already using BCI to help people with paralysis caused by neurological damage to the brain, with a lesser contribution from the metaverse. This paper draws on past BCI and biological experiments to logically reason about methodologies such as neurofeedback, motor imagery, visual prosthesis implantation and training to explore future possibilities for treating MD in the interactive world of BCI and the Metaverse.
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Collazos-Huertas, Diego F., Andrés M. Álvarez-Meza, and German Castellanos-Dominguez. "Image-Based Learning Using Gradient Class Activation Maps for Enhanced Physiological Interpretability of Motor Imagery Skills." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031695.
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Brain activity stimulated by the motor imagery paradigm (MI) is measured by Electroencephalography (EEG), which has several advantages to be implemented with the widely used Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) technology. However, the substantial inter/intra variability of recorded data significantly influences individual skills on the achieved performance. This study explores the ability to distinguish between MI tasks and the interpretability of the brain’s ability to produce elicited mental responses with improved accuracy. We develop a Deep and Wide Convolutional Neuronal Network fed by a set of topoplots extracted from the multichannel EEG data. Further, we perform a visualization technique based on gradient-based class activation maps (namely, GradCam++) at different intervals along the MI paradigm timeline to account for intra-subject variability in neural responses over time. We also cluster the dynamic spatial representation of the extracted maps across the subject set to come to a deeper understanding of MI-BCI coordination skills. According to the results obtained from the evaluated GigaScience Database of motor-evoked potentials, the developed approach enhances the physiological explanation of motor imagery in aspects such as neural synchronization between rhythms, brain lateralization, and the ability to predict the MI onset responses and their evolution during training sessions.
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Wieland, Björn, Michael Behringer, and Karen Zentgraf. "Effects of motor imagery training on skeletal muscle contractile properties in sports science students." PeerJ 10 (November 24, 2022): e14412. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14412.
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Background Studies on motor imagery (MI) practice based on different designs and training protocols have reported changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength. However, to date, there is a lack of information on the effects of MI training on contractile properties of the trained muscle. Methods Forty-five physically active sport science students (21 female) were investigated who trained three times per week over a 4-week period in one of three groups: An MI group conducted MI practice of maximal isometric contraction of the biceps brachii; a physical exercise (PE) group physically practiced maximal isometric contractions of the biceps brachii in a biceps curling machine; and a visual imagery (VI) group performed VI training of a landscape. A MVC test of the arm flexors was performed in a biceps curling machine before and after 4 weeks of training. The muscular properties of the biceps brachii were also tested with tensiomyography measurements (TMG). Results Results showed an interaction effect between time and group for MVC (p = 0.027, η2 = 0.17), with a higher MVC value in the PE group (Δ5.9%) compared to the VI group (Δ −1.3%) (p = 0.013). MVC did not change significantly in the MI group (Δ2.1%). Analysis of muscle contractility via TMG did not show any interaction effects neither for maximal radial displacement (p = 0.394, η2 = 0.05), delay time (p = 0.79, η2 = 0.01) nor contraction velocity (p = 0.71, η2 = 0.02). Conclusion In spite of MVC-related changes in the PE group due to the interventions, TMG measurements were not sensitive enough to detect concomitant neuronal changes related to contractile properties.
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Dumitrescu, Catalin, Ilona-Madalina Costea, and Augustin Semenescu. "Using Brain-Computer Interface to Control a Virtual Drone Using Non-Invasive Motor Imagery and Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 11876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411876.
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In recent years, the control of devices “by the power of the mind” has become a very controversial topic but has also been very well researched in the field of state-of-the-art gadgets, such as smartphones, laptops, tablets and even smart TVs, and also in medicine, to be used by people with disabilities for whom these technologies may be the only way to communicate with the outside world. It is well known that BCI control is a skill and can be improved through practice and training. This paper aims to improve and diversify signal processing methods for the implementation of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on neurological phenomena recorded during motor tasks using motor imagery (MI). The aim of the research is to extract, select and classify the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which are based on sensorimotor rhythms, for the implementation of BCI systems. This article investigates systems based on brain-computer interfaces, especially those that use the electroencephalogram as a method of acquisition of MI tasks. The purpose of this article is to allow users to manipulate quadcopter virtual structures (external, robotic objects) simply through brain activity, correlated with certain mental tasks using undecimal transformation (UWT) to reduce noise, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) together with determination coefficient (r2) and, for classification, a hybrid neural network consisting of Radial Basis Functions (RBF) and a multilayer perceptron–recurrent network (MLP–RNN), obtaining a classification accuracy of 95.5%. Following the tests performed, it can be stated that the use of biopotentials in human–computer interfaces is a viable method for applications in the field of BCI. The results presented show that BCI training can produce a rapid change in behavioral performance and cognitive properties. If more than one training session is used, the results may be beneficial for increasing poor cognitive performance. To achieve this goal, three steps were taken: understanding the functioning of BCI systems and the neurological phenomena involved; acquiring EEG signals based on sensorimotor rhythms recorded during MI tasks; applying and optimizing extraction methods, selecting and classifying characteristics using neuronal networks.
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Seifpour, Saman, and Alexander Šatka. "Tensor Decomposition Analysis of Longitudinal EEG Signals Reveals Differential Oscillatory Dynamics in Eyes-Closed and Eyes-Open Motor Imagery BCI: A Case Report." Brain Sciences 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2023): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071013.
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Functional dissociation of brain neural activity induced by opening or closing the eyes has been well established. However, how the temporal dynamics of the underlying neuronal modulations differ between these eye conditions during movement-related behaviours is less known. Using a robotic-assisted motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI BCI), we measured neural activity over the motor regions with electroencephalography (EEG) in a stroke survivor during his longitudinal rehabilitation training. We investigated lateralized oscillatory sensorimotor rhythm modulations while the patient imagined moving his hemiplegic hand with closed and open eyes to control an external robotic splint. In order to precisely identify the main profiles of neural activation affected by MI with eyes-open (MIEO) and eyes-closed (MIEC), a data-driven approach based on parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) tensor decomposition was employed. Using the proposed framework, a set of narrow-band, subject-specific sensorimotor rhythms was identified; each of them had its own spatial and time signature. When MIEC trials were compared with MIEO trials, three key narrow-band rhythms whose peak frequencies centred at ∼8.0 Hz, ∼11.5 Hz, and ∼15.5 Hz, were identified with differently modulated oscillatory dynamics during movement preparation, initiation, and completion time frames. Furthermore, we observed that lower and higher sensorimotor oscillations represent different functional mechanisms within the MI paradigm, reinforcing the hypothesis that rhythmic activity in the human sensorimotor system is dissociated. Leveraging PARAFAC, this study achieves remarkable precision in estimating latent sensorimotor neural substrates, aiding the investigation of the specific functional mechanisms involved in the MI process.
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Costes, N. "De la biophysique aux images : comment les propriétés biophysiques des émetteurs de positons, des atomes d’hydrogène et du couplage neurovasculaire fournissent les bases pour imager la physiologie neuronale." Douleurs : Evaluation - Diagnostic - Traitement 13 (November 2012): A2—A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.douler.2012.08.014.
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Ghorbani, Maryam, Mohammed Husain Alizadeh, Mehdi Shahbazi, and Hooman Minoonejad. "The Effect of Three Methods of Kinesthetic Imagery, Active, and Combined Exercises on Electromyographic Pattern of Hip Hyperextension and the Muscle Strength of Gluteus Maximus and Abdominal in Women With Lumbar Hyperlordosis." Physical Treatments: Specific Physical Therapy Journal 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.11.3.36.3.
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Purpose: Mental exercise uses the same neuronal pathways involved in physical exercise to modify the pattern and function without stress caused by physical exercise. This study investigates the effect of kinesthetic imagery, active, and combined exercises (imagery and active) on the hip hyperextension and the power of selected lumbopelvic muscles in women suffering from lumbar hyperlordosis. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 women with lumbar hyperlordosis (age range: 30-40 years, non-athlete and without injury and surgery in the lumbar region) were selected and divided into three groups. The groups practiced three sessions per week for six weeks. We assessed the lumbar lordosis by a flexible ruler and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lumbopelvic muscles during hip hyperextension in the prone position by surface electromyogram. We also measured the power of the gluteus maximus using a dynamometer during hip hyperextension and the abdominal muscles using a goniometer during the double leg lowering test. All of the measurements were done before and after the intervention. The normality of the data was checked by The Shapiro-Wilk test, and the obtained data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA test at the significant level of 0.05. Results: The variables of lumbar lordosis were significantly reduced in the active and combined groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test, and the strength of gluteus and abdominal muscles in the active and combined groups in the post-test significantly increased compared to the pre-test. However, the lumbar lordosis and strength of gluteus and abdominal muscles in the post-test were not significantly changed compared to the pre-test. Gluteus maximus and abdominis transverse muscle activity rates in the combined group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test, and gluteus maximus muscle activity rate in the active group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Gluteus maximus muscle activity in the imagery group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The activity of lumbar erector spinae and rectus femoris muscles decreased significantly in the active and combined groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. However, the activity of the rectus femoris muscle decreased significantly in the image group in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P≤0.05). The results showed a significant difference between the three methods of kinesthetic imagery, active, and combined (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between the method of the imagery exercise and the active and combined exercise methods but no significant difference between methods of the active and combined exercise. Conclusion: Imagery exercises effectively modified the EMG of some lumbopelvic muscles (gluteus maximus and rectus femoris muscles). However, it had no significant effect on the strength and degree of lumbar lordosis. The combined exercise was as effective as active exercise in modifying the EMG activity of the lumbopelvic muscles and the strength of the abdominal and gluteus maximus muscles.
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Fadil, Khaoula, Aicha Merzem, Hasna Belgadir, Omar Amriss, Nadia Moussali, and Naima ElBenna. "Une aphasie révélant une tumeur neuronale multinodulaire à vacuoles en IRM." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.172-1649170135.
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Introduction : Les tumeurs neuronales multinodulaires à vacuoles (MVNT) sont des lésions bénignes nouvellement décrites et incluses dans la classification 2016 de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé des tumeurs du système nerveux central. Observation clinique : Nous présentons un cas de tumeur neuronale multinodulaire à vacuoles présumée découverte en IRM, chez un patient ayant consulté pour une aphasie non fluente évoluant depuis 2 mois. Discussion : L’aspect en imagerie par résonance magnétique des MVNT est relativement typique. Elles se présentent sous forme de multiples lésions punctiformes et nodulaires regroupées en amas et localisées au niveau de la substance blanche juxta et sous corticale. Ces lésions sont en iso ou hyposignal T1, hypersignal T2 et FLAIR, sans rehaussement lésionnel et sans anomalie parenchymateuse autour. Conclusion : Les tumeurs neuronales multinodulaires à vacuoles sont de description récente. L'IRM est l'examen de référence dans cette pathologie rare.
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Hugdahl, Kenneth. "Overlapping areas of neuronal activation after motor and mental imagery training." Frontiers in Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (May 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/neuro.01.008.2009.
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Bhattacharyya, Sumanta, Manoj K. Mukul, Ashish Kr Luhach, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "Motor imagery-based neuro-feedback system using neuronal excitation of the active synapses." Annals of Telecommunications, December 12, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-019-00740-8.
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Mohanty, Sharada Prasanna, Jakub Czakon, Kamil A. Kaczmarek, Andrzej Pyskir, Piotr Tarasiewicz, Saket Kunwar, Janick Rohrbach, et al. "Deep Learning for Understanding Satellite Imagery: An Experimental Survey." Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 3 (November 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frai.2020.534696.
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Translating satellite imagery into maps requires intensive effort and time, especially leading to inaccurate maps of the affected regions during disaster and conflict. The combination of availability of recent datasets and advances in computer vision made through deep learning paved the way toward automated satellite image translation. To facilitate research in this direction, we introduce the Satellite Imagery Competition using a modified SpaceNet dataset. Participants had to come up with different segmentation models to detect positions of buildings on satellite images. In this work, we present five approaches based on improvements of U-Net and Mask R-Convolutional Neuronal Networks models, coupled with unique training adaptations using boosting algorithms, morphological filter, Conditional Random Fields and custom losses. The good results—as high as AP=0.937 and AR=0.959—from these models demonstrate the feasibility of Deep Learning in automated satellite image annotation.
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Mendes, Caique de Medeiros, Gabriela Castellano, and Carlos Alberto Stefano Filho. "Investigation of EEG signals generated by motor imagery for application in BCIs." Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP, no. 26 (December 12, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic262018254.
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Motor imagery (MI) is a commonly used strategy in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to modify neuronal activity, in which the user, by imagining motor movements, generates signals that can be recorded and interpreted to control a device. In this study, we sought to investigate how the brain response of users during MI happens, by analyzing a database of EEG signals in which healthy subjects were asked to imagine the movement of their right and left hands. Our goal was to recognize patterns associated with this task, through a spectral evaluation of different segments of the signal. Therefore, we estimated the power spectral density (PSD) for each evaluated segment and then used it for classification, via k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). We found that the accuracy rates obtained with k-NN classification were very similar to random, suggesting, mainly, high inter-subjects variability and choice of a low complexity classifier.
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Izadifar, Morteza, Arusu Formuli, Eve A. Isham, and Marco Paolini. "Subjective time perception in musical imagery: An fMRI study on musicians." PsyCh Journal, August 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pchj.677.
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AbstractThe cognitive preparation of an operation without overt motor execution is referred to as imagery (of any kind). Over the last two decades of progress in brain timing studies, the timing of imagery has received little focus. This study compared the time perception of ten professional violinists' actual and imagery performances to see if such an analysis could offer a different model of timing in musicians' imagery skills. When comparing the timing profiles of the musicians between the two situations (actual and imagery), we found a significant correlation in overestimation of time in the imagery. In our fMRI analysis, we found high activation in the left cerebellum. This finding seems consistent with dedicated models of timing such as the cerebellar timing hypothesis, which assigns a “specialized clock” for tasks. In addition, the present findings might provide empirical data concerning imagery, creativity, and time. Maintaining imagery over time is one of the foundations of creativity, and understanding the underlying temporal neuronal mechanism might help us to apprehend the machinery of creativity per se.
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Gupta, Ashutosh, Sujata Pandey, and J. L. Raheja. "Analysis of the Effect of Variation of Reference Channel on Neuronal Activity for Motor Imagery Electroencephalography Signal." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 47 (December 28, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i1/106422.
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"Editorial Expression of Concern: Motor imagery-based neuro-feedback system using neuronal excitation of the active synapses." Annals of Telecommunications, January 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12243-021-00905-4.
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Lai, Dongrong, Zijun Wan, Jiafan Lin, Li Pan, Feixiao Ren, Junming Zhu, Jianmin Zhang, Yueming Wang, Yaoyao Hao, and Kedi Xu. "Neuronal representation of bimanual arm motor imagery in the motor cortex of a tetraplegia human, a pilot study." Frontiers in Neuroscience 17 (March 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1133928.
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IntroductionHow the human brain coordinates bimanual movements is not well-established.MethodsHere, we recorded neural signals from a paralyzed individual’s left motor cortex during both unimanual and bimanual motor imagery tasks and quantified the representational interaction between arms by analyzing the tuning parameters of each neuron.ResultsWe found a similar proportion of neurons preferring each arm during unimanual movements, however, when switching to bimanual movements, the proportion of contralateral preference increased to 71.8%, indicating contralateral lateralization. We also observed a decorrelation process for each arm’s representation across the unimanual and bimanual tasks. We further confined that these changes in bilateral relationships are mainly caused by the alteration of tuning parameters, such as the increased bilateral preferred direction (PD) shifts and the significant suppression in bilateral modulation depths (MDs), especially the ipsilateral side.DiscussionThese results contribute to the knowledge of bimanual coordination and thus the design of cutting-edge bimanual brain-computer interfaces.
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Delay, L., M. Tanter, and S. Pezet. "Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle ultrasonore : vers une meilleure compréhension de la physiologie et de la physiopathologie des douleurs aiguës et chroniques." Douleur et Analgésie, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/dea-2022-0237.
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Alors que l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle est toujours à ce jour la modalité d’imagerie cérébrale profonde de référence, une nouvelle technique d’imagerie émergente, développée dans notre laboratoire permet d’augmenter considérablement la sensibilité de l’imagerie ultrasonore aux flux sanguins dans les petits vaisseaux chez les rongeurs. Cette modalité peut, du fait de sa grande sensibilité, son excellente résolution spatiale (100 µm) et temporelle (200 ms) identifier les variations subtiles de flux sanguin lors de l’activité cérébrale. Elle donne ainsi accès à l’activité de zones cérébrales, spinales ou du ganglion trigéminal fonctionnellement activées par une tâche ou une stimulation sensorielle chez le rongeur. Du fait de sa petite taille et de sa versatilité, ces études peuvent être réalisées chez l’animal (rongeur, ferret et macaque non humain) éveillé, calme ou au cours de tâches comportementales, évitant ainsi les biais connus de l’anesthésie lors des études fonctionnelles cérébrales. Dans le domaine d’étude de la douleur, elle a le potentiel d’étudier de façon plus facile et sensible le réseau de zones activées par des stimuli sensoriels ou nociceptifs, mais également la dynamique des réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans la transmission, l’intégration et la modulation des informations douloureuses (via l’étude de la connectivité fonctionnelle). Après une brève introduction sur cette modalité technique et les avancées qu’elle a permis d’apporter à ce jour dans le domaine des neurosciences, cet article fait le point sur les études précliniques de notre équipe dans le domaine de la douleur et conclut par les perspectives ouvertes par cette technologie en clinique humaine.
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Köhler, Stephan, Veith Andreas Weilnhammer, Henrik Walter, Susanne Erk, Philipp Sterzer, and Anne Guhn. "Autobiographical Script-Driven Imagery Has No Detectable Effect on Emotion Regulation in Healthy Individuals." Neuropsychobiology, September 27, 2021, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000518996.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Emotion regulation (ER), the ability to actively modulate one’s own emotion reactions, likely depends on the individual’s current emotional state. Here, we investigated whether negative emotions induced by an interpersonal autobiographic script affect the neuronal processes underlying ER. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty healthy participants were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of distancing, a specific ER strategy, while viewing emotionally arousing pictures. Participants were instructed to either naturally experience (“permit” condition) or to actively downregulate (“regulate” condition) their emotional responses to the presented stimuli. Before each of the 4 runs in total, a neutral or negative autobiographical audio script was presented. The negative script comprised an emotionally negative event from childhood or adolescence that represented either emotional abuse or emotional neglect. The second event comprised an everyday neutral situation. We aimed at identifying the neural correlates of ER and their modulation by script-driven imagery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> fMRI analyses testing for greater responses in the “regulate” than the “permit” condition replicated previously reported neural correlates of ER in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule. A significant ER effect was also observed in the left orbitofrontal cortex. In the amygdala, we found greater responses in the “permit” compared to the “regulate” condition. We did not observe a significant modulation of the ER effects in any of these regions by the negative emotional state induced by autobiographical scripts. Bayesian statistics confirmed the absence of such modulations by providing marginal evidence for null effects. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> While we replicated previously reported neural correlates of ER, we found no evidence for an effect of mood induction with individualized autobiographical scripts on the neural processes underlying ER in healthy participants.
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Wairagkar, Maitreyee, Yoshikatsu Hayashi, and Slawomir J. Nasuto. "Dynamics of Long-Range Temporal Correlations in Broadband EEG During Different Motor Execution and Imagery Tasks." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.660032.
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Brain activity is composed of oscillatory and broadband arrhythmic components; however, there is more focus on oscillatory sensorimotor rhythms to study movement, but temporal dynamics of broadband arrhythmic electroencephalography (EEG) remain unexplored. We have previously demonstrated that broadband arrhythmic EEG contains both short- and long-range temporal correlations that change significantly during movement. In this study, we build upon our previous work to gain a deeper understanding of these changes in the long-range temporal correlation (LRTC) in broadband EEG and contrast them with the well-known LRTC in alpha oscillation amplitude typically found in the literature. We investigate and validate changes in LRTCs during five different types of movements and motor imagery tasks using two independent EEG datasets recorded with two different paradigms—our finger tapping dataset with single self-initiated asynchronous finger taps and publicly available EEG dataset containing cued continuous movement and motor imagery of fists and feet. We quantified instantaneous changes in broadband LRTCs by detrended fluctuation analysis on single trial 2 s EEG sliding windows. The broadband LRTC increased significantly (p < 0.05) during all motor tasks as compared to the resting state. In contrast, the alpha oscillation LRTC, which had to be computed on longer stitched EEG segments, decreased significantly (p < 0.05) consistently with the literature. This suggests the complementarity of underlying fast and slow neuronal scale-free dynamics during movement and motor imagery. The single trial broadband LRTC gave high average binary classification accuracy in the range of 70.54±10.03% to 76.07±6.40% for all motor execution and imagery tasks and hence can be used in brain–computer interface (BCI). Thus, we demonstrate generalizability, robustness, and reproducibility of novel motor neural correlate, the single trial broadband LRTC, during different motor execution and imagery tasks in single asynchronous and cued continuous motor-BCI paradigms and its contrasting behavior with LRTC in alpha oscillation amplitude.
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Rosenbloom, Alyssa, Shilah Bonnett, Mark Conner, Tien Phan‐Everson, Zachary Lewis, Giang Ong, Yan Liang, et al. "A complete pipeline for high‐plex spatial proteomic profiling and analysis of neural cell phenotypes on the CosMx™ Spatial Molecular Imager and AtoMx™ Spatial Informatics Platform." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S13 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.076665.
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AbstractBackgroundThe brain is complex and heterogeneous where cell function and cell‐to‐cell communication are critical for rapid and accurate performance. The ability to explore protein‐driven activities at high resolution within spatial context of their immediate environment is critical to gain comprehensive pictures of brain development, activity, aging, disease or dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. Many existing approaches for high‐plex single cell spatial proteomics face issues around simplicity, speed, scalability, and big data analysis.MethodHere, we present an integrated workflow from sample through analysis that addresses key concerns around high plex proteomics. The CosMx™ Spatial Molecular Imager and AtoMx™ Spatial Informatics Platform comprises an end‐to‐end workflow that efficiently handles highly multiplex protein analysis at plex sizes exceeding 68 targets. The CosMx protein assays uses oligonucleotide conjugated antibodies, detected using universal, multi‐analyte CosMx readout reagents. The CosMx Mouse Neural Cell Typing and Alzheimer’s Pathology panel is optimized to comprehensively profile neural cell lineages across the brain as well as the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including specific antibodies for humanized mouse AD models. The AtoMx spatial informatics platform provides full analysis support, including whole‐slide image viewer, and methods for performing built‐in or fully customizable analyses for cell typing, ligand‐receptor analysis, neighborhood analysis and spatial differential expression.ResultThe CosMx protein assay reagents were validated on FFPE adult mouse brain, mouse embryo, and Alzheimer’s positive human brain. We used the CosMx Mouse Neural Cell Typing and Alzheimer’s Pathology panel with the CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager to identify multiple neuronal subtypes, different reactive states of astrocytes and microglial, cell degeneration and proliferation. Single cell exploration of mitochondria showed distinct patterning of key immune targets based on their immediate microenvironment.ConclusionCosMx SMI is a high‐plex spatial multi‐omics platform that enables detection of > 68 proteins at subcellular resolution. In combination with the high‐plex CosMx Mouse Neural Cell Typing and Alzheimer’s Pathology panel, we present a flexible and scalable informatics platform, a robust solution for comprehensive neural and disease phenotyping that captures the complexity of neuronal and glial cellular activity with full spatial context.FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.