Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagerie médicale – Vaisseaux sanguins'
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Al, Moussawi Ali. "Reconstruction 3D de vaisseaux sanguins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0014.
Full textThis work concerns the 3D reconstruction of blood vessels from a limited number of 2D transversal cuts obtained from scanners. If data are missing, a coherentreconstruction with a vessel network is obtained. This approach allows to limit human interventions in processing images of 2D transversal cuts. Knowing that the images used are obtained by scanner, the difficulty is to connect the blood vessels between some widely spaced cuts in order to produce the graph corresponding to the network of vessels. We identify the vessels on each trnasversal cut as a mass to be transported, we construct a graph solution of a branched transport problem. At this stage, we are able to reconstruct the 3D geometry by using the 2D Level Set Functions given by the transversal cuts and the graph information. The 3D geometry of blood vessels is represented by the data of the Level Set function defined at any point of the space whose 0-level corresponds to the vessel walls. The resulting geometry is usually integrated in a fluid mechanic code solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a Cartesian grid strictly included in a reconstructed geometry. The inadequacy of the mesh with the interface of the geometry is overcomed thanks to a modified boundary condition leading to an accurate computation of the constraints to the walls
Al, Moussawi Ali. "Reconstruction 3D de vaisseaux sanguins." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0014/document.
Full textThis work concerns the 3D reconstruction of blood vessels from a limited number of 2D transversal cuts obtained from scanners. If data are missing, a coherentreconstruction with a vessel network is obtained. This approach allows to limit human interventions in processing images of 2D transversal cuts. Knowing that the images used are obtained by scanner, the difficulty is to connect the blood vessels between some widely spaced cuts in order to produce the graph corresponding to the network of vessels. We identify the vessels on each trnasversal cut as a mass to be transported, we construct a graph solution of a branched transport problem. At this stage, we are able to reconstruct the 3D geometry by using the 2D Level Set Functions given by the transversal cuts and the graph information. The 3D geometry of blood vessels is represented by the data of the Level Set function defined at any point of the space whose 0-level corresponds to the vessel walls. The resulting geometry is usually integrated in a fluid mechanic code solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a Cartesian grid strictly included in a reconstructed geometry. The inadequacy of the mesh with the interface of the geometry is overcomed thanks to a modified boundary condition leading to an accurate computation of the constraints to the walls
Rognin, Nicolas Georges. "Outils de simulation et de quantification en imagerie de contraste échographique." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10196.
Full textLesage, David. "Modèles, primitives et méthodes de suivi pour la segmentation vasculaire : application aux coronaires en imagerie tomodensitométrique 3D." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005908.
Full textDietrich, Gabriel de. "Segmentation d'organes tubulaires par suivi de squelette." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12670.
Full textRakotomalala-Randrianarisoa, Vaoariniaina Vénérée. "Reconstruction bidimensionnelle de vaisseaux rétiniens par analyse d'images couleur de fond d'oeil." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-359.pdf.
Full textTrimeche, Iyèd. "Segmentation et analyse quantitative des vaisseaux sanguins de la rétine en optique adaptative." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS169.
Full textAdaptive Optical Ophthalmoscopy (AOO) images of the eye fundus allow visualization of retinal vessels with high resolution, in particular arterial bifurcations and their wall thickness, suitable for morphometric biomarker measurements.The objective of this thesis is to study the morphometry of retinal vessels in AOO images, by determining the different biomarkers characterizing blood flow and which are extracted from the estimation of the diameters and the wall thickness of the branches at the bifurcations.We propose two methods for segmentation of retinal vessels in these images. The first is semi-automatic, it extends a previous approach, treating branches of retinal vessels, to the segmentation of bifurcations. The second is a fully automatic hybrid approach, based on a modified U-Net convolutional neural network and active contours, to segment the branches and bifurcations of retinal vessels with high precision.We thus propose a reproducible and automatic measurement technique to extract the diajavascript:nouvelleZone('contenuS-2');meters of the branches of the bifurcations and calculate the biomarkers for three populations: control subjects, diabetic subjects and Cadasil subjects. The experimental results show that the precision of our semi-automatic and fully automatic approaches lies within the range of intra- and inter-user variability, which allowed us to perform a robust statistical study on the extracted biomarkers in order to differentiate the control subjects and pathological subjects
Yureidini, Ahmed. "Reconstruction robuste des vaisseaux sanguins pour les simulations médicales interactives à partir de données patients." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010973.
Full textKouvahe, Amélé Eyram Florence. "Etude du remodelage vasculaire pathologique : de la caractérisation macroscopique en imagerie TDM à l’analyse en microscopie numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS019.
Full textThis research focuses on the study of the vascular network in general, in several imaging modalities and several anatomo-pathological configurations. Its objective is to discriminate vascular structures in image data and to detect and quantify the presence of morphological modifications (remodeling) related to a pathology. The proposed generic analysis framework exploits a priori knowledge of the geometry of blood vessels and their contrast with respect to the surrounding tissue. The originality of the developed approach consists in exploiting a multidirectional locally connected filter (LCF) adapted to the dimension of the data space (2D or 3D). This filter allows the selection of curvilinear structures in positive contrast in images whose cross-sectional size does not exceed the size of the filtering window. This selection remains effective even at the level of vessel subdivision. The multi-resolution approach makes it possible to overcome the difference in vascular calibers in the network and to segment the entire vascular structure, even in the presence of a local caliber change. The proposed segmentation approach is general. It can be easily adapted to different imaging modalities that preserve a contrast (positive or negative) between the vessels and their environment. This has been demonstrated in different types of imaging, such as thoracic CT with and without contrast agent injection, hepatic perfusion data, eye fundus imaging and infrared microscopy (for fiber segmentation in mouse brain).From an accurate and robust segmentation of the vascular network, it is possible to detect and characterize the presence of remodeling due to a pathology. This is achieved by analyzing the vessel caliber variation along the central axis which provides both a global view on the caliber distribution in the studied organ (to be compared with a "healthy" reference) and a local detection of shape remodeling. The latter case has been applied for the detection and quantification of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM).Initially planned in a study of tumor angiogenesis, the segmentation method developed above was not applicable to infrared microscopy because of lack of vascular contrast in the spectral bands analyzed. Instead, it was exploited for the extraction of brain fibers as a support element for image interpolation aiming the 3D reconstruction of the brain volume from the 2D sub-sampled data. In this respect, a 2D-2D interpolation with realignment of the structures was developed as a second methodological contribution of the thesis. We proposed a geometric interpolation approach controlled by a prior mapping of the corresponding structures in the images, which in our case were the tumor region, the fibers, the brain ventricles and the contour of the brain. An atlas containing the unique labels of the structures to be matched is thus built up for each image. Labels of the same value are aligned using a field of directional vectors established at the level of their contours, in a higher dimensional space (3D here). The diffusion of this field of vectors results in a smooth directional flow from one image to the other, which represents the homeomorphic transformation between the two images. The proposed method has two advantages: it is general, which is demonstrated on different image modalities (microscopy, CT, MRI, atlas) and it allows controlling the alignment of structures whose correspondence is targeted in priority
Sadikine, Mohamed Amine. "Deep vascular segmentation with geometric and topological constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0042.
Full textIn the evolving field of medical image analysis, blood vessel segmentation plays a key role in improving computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning. This work combines three innovative contributions to advance the automatic segmentation of vascular structures. Firstly, we introduce a novel methodology that enhances U-Net inspired architectures with a semi-overcomplete convolutional auto-encoder that integrates shape priors to improve the delineation of intricate vascular systems, with a specific emphasis on characterizing fine structures. Subsequently, our research delves into enhancing vessel delineation through a novel joint prior encoding mechanism that combines geometric and topological constraints, providing a unified latent space that captures contextual information and connectivity of blood vessels, thereby addressing the challenges posed by their anatomical variability. Finally, we present a novel clustering technique for scale decomposition, along with a multi-task supervised approach that incorporates scale-specific auxiliary tasks and contrastive learning. These advances represent a step forward in reliable automated vascular segmentation, offering the potential to enhance clinical outcomes in a wide range of applications in clinical routine
Pieuchot, Pierre. "Angio-IRM du trépied jambier." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11025.
Full textLaunay, Laurent. "Localisation et reconstruction 3D à partir d'angiographies stéréotaxiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL154N.
Full textRisser, Laurent. "Analyse quantitative de réseaux micro-vasculaires intra-corticaux." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30011.
Full textThis work is a quantitative investigation of intra-cortical micro-vascular networks using a new micro-tomography imaging protocol which permits a complete scan of the entire gray matter with a micron resolution. The first part of the PhD is devoted to the analysis of very large 3D images coming from healthy rats and marmosets primate cortex, as well as tumour implanted rats brains. Classical methods are used for binarisation and squeletonization of the images. The influence of the experimental protocol on the obtained images is evaluated. A fast and original method is proposed to fill the gaps of incompletely injected vessels the efficiency of which is tested and validated. The second part of the PhD is concerned by the statistical analysis of geometrical, local and topological properties of micro-vascular networks. Geometrical properties are related to the spatial distribution of vessels from studying the vascular density and the vessel/tissue distance map. We brought to the fore the multi-scale properties of those fields from fractal and spectral analysis up to a some cut-off which defines the typical length-scale of an elementary representative volume. We found that this length-scale significantly differ in normal and tumoral tissues. The local analysis of vessel's segment length systematically exhibits exponential distribution, which leads to some characteristic segments length. Those length significantly differ in adult and new-born primates tissues. This analysis is consistent with the result obtained on the vascular density and leads to the conclusion that developmental angiogenesis occurs mainly at the capillary scale. .
Fouard, Céline. "Extraction de paramètres morphométriques pour l'étude du réseau micro-vasculaire cérébral." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00308884.
Full textLaifa, Oumeima. "A joint discriminative-generative approach for tumour angiogenesis assessment in computational pathology." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS230.
Full textAngiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. During angiogenesis, tumour cells secrete growth factors that activate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and stimulate over production of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The fundamental role of vascular supply in tumour growth and anti-cancer therapies makes the evaluation of angiogenesis crucial in assessing the effect of anti-angiogenic therapies as a promising anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we establish a quantitative and qualitative panel to evaluate tumour blood vessels structures on non-invasive fluorescence images and histopathological slide across the full tumour to identify architectural features and quantitative measurements that are often associated with prediction of therapeutic response. We develop a Markov Random Field (MFRs) and Watershed framework to segment blood vessel structures and tumour micro-enviroment components to assess quantitatively the effect of the anti-angiogenic drug Pazopanib on the tumour vasculature and the tumour micro-enviroment interaction. The anti-angiogenesis agent Pazopanib was showing a direct effect on tumour network vasculature via the endothelial cells crossing the whole tumour. Our results show a specific relationship between apoptotic neovascularization and nucleus density in murine tumor treated by Pazopanib. Then, qualitative evaluation of tumour blood vessels structures is performed in whole slide images, known to be very heterogeneous. We develop a discriminative-generative neural network model based on both learning driven model convolutional neural network (CNN), and rule-based knowledge model Marked Point Process (MPP) to segment blood vessels in very heterogeneous images using very few annotated data comparing to the state of the art. We detail the intuition and the design behind the discriminative-generative model, and we analyze its similarity with Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model on histopathology slide and synthetic data. The limits of this promising framework as its perspectives are shown
Paquit, Vincent. "Imagerie multispectrale et modélisation 3D pour l'estimation quantitative des vaisseaux sanguins sous-cutanés." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS055.
Full textCurrent methods of venipuncture and peripheral intravenous (IV) catheterization procedures are performed ‘blind’ in that the clinician cannot see the vein but has to rely on feel, which may lead to missing the vein completely, causing tissue damage, pain and anxiety for the patient, especially with small children, older patients and those in a dehydrated state. We present in this dissertation experimental and theoretical methods to (1) Estimate relative vein location in different types of subcutaneous tissue and various skin colors, done by imaging the skin using a discrete set of illuminants ranging from visible to near infrared and a structured light pattern for active 3D triangulation and skin surface shape measurements. (2) Quantitatively optimize the measurement of vein depth in the tissue, using multispectral imaging, three dimensional Monte Carlo photon transport modeling, and inverse imaging with pattern recognition on phantom limbs and human subjects. (3) Develop imaging software enhancements utilizing three-dimensional mapping to help visualize the estimation of an optimal catheter entry point into a vein. The long term goal is to create an easy-to-use, inexpensive portable vein imaging device that will allow vein visualization for IV access and also assessment of IV catheter integrity in order to verify correct IV catheter placement
Palussière, Jean. "Intérêt du Doppler couleur dans les occlusions de la veine centrale de la rétine." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23122.
Full textCarneiro, Esteves Sophie. "Segmentation des vaisseaux sanguins par approche variationnelle et apprentissage profond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0034.
Full textAccurate segmentation of blood vessels from medical images plays a crucial role in various clinical applications, such as surgical planning, disease diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. However, the task is challenging due to the diversity of imaging modalities, the complex geometry, and the low contrast of biomedical images. Deep learning provides significant representation power to learn a function that enables precise segmentation. Nevertheless, even with the development of semi-supervised methods, this function remains dependent on the available annotated dataset. On the other hand, unsupervised methods tend to generalize better, but their performance in terms of segmentation is generally much lower, especially when it comes to preserving connectivity, which is crucial for clinical applications.In this work, we propose novel methods for blood vessel segmentation that aim to preserve the connectivity of vascular networks across different imaging modalities in order to address both generalization and efficiency.Taking advantage of deep learning, we first develop a model to reconnect fragmented binary vascular structures in 2D and in 3D. This model can be applied as a post-processing in an unsupervised or supervised context, depending on the availability of vascular annotations of the target dataset. Furthermore, we show the possibility of applying it to segmentations obtained by different methods.However, the use of the reconnecting model as a post-processing does not allow to take advantage of the vascular structure prior present in medical images. Therefore, we propose to use our reconnecting model jointly with the segmentation task. To this end, we have integrated it into a variational segmentation scheme, that allows the detection of vascular networks in different datasets without the need for annotation. We tested our method on different datasets including 2D retinal fundus images, 3D liver CT volume scans and 3D brain TOF-MRA. We show that it better preserves the structure of vascular networks in real images compared to traditional unsupervised and semi-supervised methods, while improving the overall connectivity of the vascular tree
Alaoui, Lasmaili Karima El. "Caractérisation au moyen d'outils mathématiques des effets vasculaires du bevacizumab à des fins d'optimisation des protocoles thérapeutiques dans le cas des tumeurs cérébrales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0023/document.
Full textThe main aim of this work was to characterize the effects of the anti-VEGF Bevacizumab (Avastin) on the tumor vascular network, in vivo, over time, thanks to the skin fold chamber model on the nude mouse. Images of the vascular network obtained using intravital microscopy were analyzed par a dedicated image processing algorithm developed within our research team, allowing to highlight the morphological modifications induced by the treatment and to isolate discriminating parameters of the vascular "normalization", by comparison to healthy vascular networks. Le vascular "normalization" period detected with our tool was comforted by the analysis of the functionality of the blood vessels over time, in vivo and by an immunohistochemical analysis of the blood vessels and of the tumor tissue. In preliminary in vivo experiments, we tried to verify the hypothesis of the benefits of an anti-VEGF treatment prior to photodynamic therapy (PDT) on glioblastoma xenografts implanted subcutaneously or in the skin fold chamber. The efficacy of PDT is described as being dependent on tumor oxygenation and on the distribution of the photosensitizing agent within the tumor. In paralel to this work, we tried as a pluridisciplinary team to develop a mathematical model of the tumor response to bevacizumab using biological data obtained on the same in vivo model et that will allow in the future to simulate the response for different doses and different treatment durations, for the optimization of therapeutic protocols
Tropres, Irène. "Imagerie RMN de la microvascularisation cérébrale chez le rat : applications." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE19012.
Full textLaguitton, Soizic. "Suivi spatio-temporel des artères coronaires en imagerie scanner multidétecteur." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S003.
Full textThe application we are dealing with concerns the image guided endovascular surgery. Our aim is to assess the optimal catheter trajectory, by analysing the surroundings from the inside of the deformable structures in motion. The strategy is to track the coronary in 3D+T MSCT sequences. It researches the displacement of a point located on the vessel during a cardiac cycle. A coarse research is first performed and then refined. The point selection criterion uses Euclidean distance between local descriptors of the vessel. The accuracy and robustness of the developed methods are measured on sequences containing simulated linear and non linear movements. We applied the methods to extract trajectories of coronary segments during one cardiac cycle
Taourel, Patrice. "Images et signaux du foie et de la circulation sanguine splanchnique chez l'homme." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR3308.
Full textRomain, Blandine. "Modélisation de la perfusion abdominale sur des séquences dynamiques d'images tomodensitométriques avec injection de produit de constraste." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011978.
Full textVautier, Julien. "Développement d'une nouvelle méthode quantitative d'IRM dynamique avec agents de contraste basée sur une acquisition radiale : application à la caractérisation de la vascularisation tumorale." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112203.
Full textSince the discovery of angiogenesis importance in tumour growth in the 70s, antiangiogenic and antivascular treatments have been developed in order to stop or destroy tumour vascularisation. A difficulty is that vascular disruption has an effect on the tumour size - and so accessible to conventional imaging - several months later. Moreover, it has been showed that antiangiogenic molecules can have an effect on tumour capillary permeability 24 hours after their administration. Then, it is justified to search methods to assess a biomarker linked to permeability as Ktrans. The theme of this thesis work was the development of a measurement of Ktrans in 3D for mice models in presence of respiratory motion. To overpass a respiratory synchronisation which would be prohibitive in 3D, radial MRI acquisition was used, which has the property to be less sensitive to motion as Cartesian acquisitions. For a relevant measurement of Ktrans, it is important to measure an individual arterial input function (AIF). The original method developed here permits to interlace a measurement of individual AIF with 3D images on tumour. Temporal resolution of AIF is 2 seconds while a 3D image is acquired every 2 minutes. Preliminary study permits to validate this technique on mouse. The method allows hoping an amelioration of preclinical studies, especially in genetically modified mice models
Nierenberger, Mathieu. "Mécanique multiéchelles des parois vasculaires : expérimentation, imagerie, modélisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966831.
Full textDepaire, Pascal. "Place de la radiologie dans le diagnostic et le traitement des anévrysmes du cercle cœlio-mésentérique : à propos de 8 cas associés à une sténose vasculaire." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M104.
Full textChakchouk, Moez. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle de vaisseaux sanguins à partir d'un nombre restreints de projections par rayons X issues d'un système d'angiographie multi-vues." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S008.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose a 3D vascular reconstruction method from a limited number of projections acquired by a rotational angiography system. This method consists mainly in generalizing a markov model introduced to resolve the reconstruction problem from two angiography images obtained from a biplane acquisition system. This generalization consists in modifying the data-attachment term in order to consider that projections are obtained from a rotational angiography system. This data-attachment term handles then the case where more than two available projections that are not necessarily acquired from orthogonal viewing angles. The 3D vessel reconstruction is obtained by using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion. This criterion is optimized by applying the simulated annealing iterative algorithm. As for iterative tomographic reconstruction algorithms, our proposed 3D vessel reconstruction method from a limited number of projections, involves a forward projection step. This step consists in computing, at each algorithm's iteration, the projection of the obtained reconstruction solution in order to calculate the data-attachment error. The quality of the forward projection step and particularly the precision of the required estimates have a great impact on the reconstruction algorithm convergence. To improve the volume forward projection computation, we propose to use the adaptive kernel density estimation framework. This new approach has the advantage to be independent to the volume sampling. It takes also into account the acquisition geometry by dealing with both parallel and cone beam projection geometries. Furthermore, the typical case of fixed bandwidth kernel estimate provides a new formalism for computing forward projection of volumes represented with basis functions
Maurincomme, Eric. "Analyse et segmentation d'images echographiques endovasculaires." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0087.
Full textIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a new diagnostic imaging tool delivering real-time images of the arterial wall to the clinician. The information it provides being unique, its use is becoming more and more widespread. However, it has two limitating factors: the image interpretation, that requires a learning phase, and the absence of quantitative information, hence yielding a large inter-observer variability. The aim of this dissertation is to remedy these two limits. First, fundamentals of cardiac physiology are recalled; then the different steps of image formation are analyzed, based on the principles of ultrasound. The characteristics of IVUS images are singled out, and their artifacts are described. The information that may correctly be extracted is summarized and is used as a guideline for the next phase. In a second part, an automatic quantification technique is designed, tested, and assessed. The mathematical and physical basis for active contour models, or snakes, is recalled. Then, after exposing the drawbacks of standard snakes, our new technique, called ADDER (Adaptive Damping Dependent on Echography Regions), is introduced and compared to standard techniques. Finally, an in vitro study is conducted on over fifty normal and pathological arterial segments, and the contours obtained by automatic quantification using AD DER are compared to the orres obtained manually by cardiologists familiar to intravascular ultrasound imaging. The results for the lumen area are compared using linear regression, and the morphometric variations between contours are analyzed by the centerline method
Pelofy, Sandrine. "Applications thérapeutiques de l'électroperméabilisation en cancérologie." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30223.
Full textElectropermeabilization is a physical method for in vitro and in vivo transfer of a wide variety of molecules in cells. A growing number of papers quoting Electropermeabilization is present during the last 15 years due to the development of its applications in preclinical and clinical trials. However, the molecular mechanisms of in vivo electropermeabilization remain still poorly described. This opens a safety issue as its applications are under used in clinic. We propose to study the biological consequences of this pulses method through two areas of study: 1) Characterization of the intrinsic effect of pulses electric field in vivo on the vascular network: We evaluated the effects of electric field in vivo on normal and tumoral vascular network on the permeability and morphology of blood vessels and on blood flow dynamics. We used the intravital fluorescence microscopy combined with dorsal skin fold window chamber grafted on to the back of mice. 2) Study of the electrotransfer of modified oligonucleotides within the tumor: We used siRNA (small interfering RNA) incorporating LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) that are a new generation of chemically modified oligonucleotides. We validated the electrotransfer of these oligonucleotides in vitro. Then we evaluated their stability, efficiency and biodistribution in vitro and in vivo in subcutaneous tumors after electropermeabilization
Charnoz, Arnaud. "Recalage d'organes intra-patient à partir de l'étude de leur réseau vasculaire : Application au foie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CHARNOZ_Arnaud_2007.pdf.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new automated method to evaluate the deformation of a vascularized organ between two CT-scan images. This method analyses internal vascular networks in order to better register those images. This way, it provides support for the diagnosis by easing individual tumour follow-up as well as for the planning by creating more detailed vascular network models. The method is composed of three major steps. First, contrasted vascular networks in CT-scan images are modelled thanks to graphs. Then, an original graph matching algorithm associates common bifurcations. Finally, a transformation is computed from estimated matchings in order to compensate the overall organ deformation. The many experimentations carried out on our databases of synthetic and real patients validate the efficiency and robustness of this new method
Marion, Adrien. "Filtrage spatiotemporel orienté de séquences d'images : application à l'estimation du mouvement des flux sanguins en imagerie ultrasonore." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432802.
Full textMagendie, Sylvie. "Le doppler couleur dans le diagnostic de dissection des troncs supra-aortiques : à propos de 16 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23038.
Full textPagé, Gwenaël. "Quantification et caractérisation des écoulements sanguins dans l'arborescence vasculaire de la région cervico-faciale par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique de flux : évaluation et application." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0041/document.
Full textPhase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a non-invasive technique used for quantification and characterization of the blood flow. In clinical pratice, this sequence is principally used in a two-dimensional single slice (2D), but it evolved to a velocity volumic acquisition (4D PC-MRI) allowing a complete quantification of the flow through a vascular tree. However, this technique requires post-processing software which are few and an evaluation of the velocity accuracy in 2D and 4D to quantify vessels with millimetric diameter. In this thesis work, a user-friendly post-processing software of 2D and 4D MRI images has been developed and it is used by research teams and clinicians. MRI acquisitions protocols of velocities for vessels composed by millimetric has been created. These protocols developed in-vitro form a phantom work show an error in the measurement accuracy less than 10%. These validated protocols are applied in facial area arteries in 30 healthy volunteers to create the first hemodynamic data base of arteries in this area. Then, the protocols have been performed to patients with pathologies affecting the facial area to show is interest on patient follow-up and surgical treatment
Eddi, Dauphou. "Evaluation préclinique d'une stratégie anti-angiogenique sur la croissance des glioblastomes : effet d'une surexpression de l'angiopoïetine 2." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2055.
Full textThe anti-angiogenic therapy could be efficient against Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by a strong vascularisation and aggressiveness. The current strategies mainly block the biological effect of VEGF. We sought to optimize this strategy by associating it with a surexpression of Ang2, an angiogenic factor, which, in absence of VEGF, induces a vascular regression. We thus showed, on an orthotopic model of GBM in the rat, that an application of Ang2 is as effective as a treatment blocking the VEGF signalling pathway (Sunitinib). Indeed, a chronic expression of Ang2 in tumor cells led to a significant reduction of tumor volume (80%) and to an increase in animal survival (70%). On the other hand, a combined treatment (Sunitinib and Ang2) is no more efficient than each treatment. By using immunohistology and several MRI methods, we also showed that Ang2-derived vascular effects depend on its concentration: a destabilizing effect is observed with a weak concentration of Ang2, but a strong concentration of Ang2 leads to a morphological vascular remodelling, hemodynamic modifications and a blockade of the anti-vascular effects of Sunitinib treatment. Our results suggest that a vascular strategy targeting the remodelling of the tumor pre-existing vessels is as effective as a strategy targeting neovessels. This study also shows the interest of MRI, which, thanks to its multimodalities, allows a longitudinal follow-up of the vascularisation in relation with tumor growth, necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of novel anti-angiogenic therapeutics
Rey, Marie-Christine. "Imagerie fonctionnelle du foie en échographie après injection de produit de contraste." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23053.
Full textChristen, Thomas. "Mesures in vivo de l'oxygénation sanguine et tissulaire par IRM : applications à l'étude de l'hypoxie tumorale chez le rat." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10233.
Full textThe aim of this study was to develop MRI methods to measure brain oxygenation in the context of tumoral angiogenesis. A method to assess tissue oxygenation using 19F MRI was developed. The realization of a surface coil and a study on a phantom have allowed the determination of the calibration curve (p02/R1) of the hexafluorobenzene molecule. After intracerebral injection of this molecule, analysis of the p02 in healthy rat brains have shown accu rate measurements which varied with several inspired gaseous conditions. A new method based on the BOlD effect to assess the blood oxygenation was also developed. Using a mathematical model and a combination of MR methods designed to measure the BVf, T2, T2* and Bo we have derived quantitative estimates of the local 802. This protocol has be~n correlated with blood gas analysis in healthy rat brains. A study on tumor and under therapies has been used to compare estimates of 802 to other vascular parameters. We have also compared our approach to results obtained with histology using a pimonidazole as a marker of hypoxia. Finally, we have developed numerical simulations to estimate the accuracy of MR methods based on mathematical models. The combination of two recent approaches has allowed the use of realistic microvascular networks acquired with intravital microscopy. The results suggest that the approximation of the blood vessels as infinite long cylinders is justified but that the density or preferential orientation of the blood vessels may introduce errors on the estimates of BVF with MRI
Christen, Thomas. "Mesures in vivo de l'oxygénation sanguine et tissulaire par IRM : applications à l'étude de l'hypoxie tumorale chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460939.
Full textBertino, Catherine. "Fraction volumique extracellulaire et vascularisation des tumeurs mammaires : évaluation par relaxométrie dynamique en imagerie de résonance magnétique." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30133.
Full textVerscheure, Leslie. "Description symbolique d’une arborescence vasculaire : application au réseau vasculaire cérébral." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10090/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the methodology and the evaluation of a symbolic description method applied on vascular trees from multimodal 3D images. This work aims to supply a global methodological framework for the analysis of such structures and, more particularly, for the cerebral vascular tree. The clinical application field is neurosurgery and particularly neurosurgery planning. Our method is based on the application of the minimum cost-spanning tree using Dijkstra’s algorithm and seems well appropriate to tubular objects. We skeletonize the structure in two stages: first, we extract the main branch which corresponds to the longest branch of the Dijkstra’s tree, then, we detect iteratively every secondary branch by keeping the branches of the tree which length is superior to a fixed threshold. Since our skeletonization works in an iterative way, we possess local information for each branch. In this way, the symbolic description is facilitated and consists in a partitioning of the skeleton to collect the descriptive characteristics. Algorithms were implemented on the laboratory software platform (ArtiMED) developed in Borland C++ and estimated on digital and clinical data. The evaluation scheme adopts a specific experiment approach consisting in a comparison of the results of a series of 18 rotations of the initial volume
Cardiet, Colleen. "Développement méthodologique en IRM cardio-thoracique chez le petit animal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0283.
Full textCardio-thoracic Magnetic Resonance Imaging is still a real challenge today. The difficulty stands in the need to acquire images with high spatial and temporal resolutions on moving areas, and in a limited time. In order to overcome cardio-respiratory motion, the most common solution is to not acquire data during inhalation and exhalation or to discard them. This solution is the most commonly used today, but it results in a significant increase in the total acquisition time (up to 50%). In view of these main limitations, the work carried out during this PhD training had the objectives to reduce the acquisition times of cardio-thoracic images in small animals and to improve their quality (precision, contrast and resolution). Radial and ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI sequences as well as reconstruction algorithms were developed to obtain 4D (3D-temporal) cardio-thoracic images in short acquisition times.This research work was structured around two main axes.I - Develop a method of cardiac data interpolation during respiratory movement intervals. For the first time in small animals, the impact of the mouse's respiratory movement on the position of its heart has been precisely analyzed. An algorithm was then developed to interpolate cardiac data during breathing intervals. In a novel way, reconstruction of heart images based on heartbeat using all of the acquired data was made possible. This protocol, integrated into the UTE sequence, was tested, validated and compared to standard methods on healthy mice, then was applied to cardiopulmonary pathologies through various collaborations. In conclusion, 4D images of the mouse beating heart could be acquired in 1min45s with high spatial and temporal resolutions (176m isotropic and 5ms / image), enabling to measure the cardiac parameters necessary for the detection, analysis and monitoring of various pathologies.II - Reducing the acquisition time of 4D cardio-thoracic imaging and improving its contrast: Application to pulmonary angiography. A 3D Radial sequence with auto-synchronization to?/on? movements was developed with the same parameters as the UTE sequence, in order to further reduce acquisition time. The two sequences were applied on the lungs in order to reconstruct high resolution 3D pulmonary angiograms along the respiration. An accelerated fat saturation technique was implemented to improve the contrast between vessels and bronchi, while maintaining a reasonable acquisition time. In conclusion, this work enabled to optimize the UTE and Radial sequences and to evaluate their advantages in pulmonary angiography. The results are promising and open perspectives concerning the segmentation and quantification of the pulmonary vascular network.In conclusion, the sequences and algorithms developed during this project enabled to considerably reduce the acquisition times of 4D cardio-thoracic imaging and therefore open up perspectives for the study of animal models or for a transfer to clinical imaging.Keywords: MRI ; Cardio-thoracic ; 4D ; Sequence ; Development
Jassar, Hassan. "Détectabilité des matériels d'embolisation vasculaire contrôlée par IRM." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1822.
Full textArterial embolization appeared recently as a safe and an effective treatment to stop bleeding or induce devascularisation of a target tissue. Direct visualization of vascular occlusion agents is not always possible. The estimation of their position inside a vascular branch based on the distribution of X-ray contrast agent is partially incorrect. Marked vascular occlusion agents with MRI contrast agent is a good way for MRI follow-up during or after the intervention. In this work, several protocols have been established to demonstrate the feasibility localization of vascular occlusion agents marked with SPIO, in situ, in vitro and in vivo " conditions ", at 1,5T and 3T. Studied occlusion agents were tris-acryl microspheres (Embosphere), and microparticles or microemulsions possibly used as vehicles for drugs : among these, inflatable microspheres (Hepasphere) aimed to permanent vessel occlusion were marked, alginate microspheres and emulsion droplets for temporary embolization were made by us. Established protocols for microspheres follow-up by MRI involve selection of MR sequences with optimized parameters, coil choice, and determination of contrast agent quantity inside the microparticles in order to make them visible on MRI. A measurement methodology for small variation of signal intensity in images has been proposed. An experimental in vitro model has been designed with the presence of SPIO marked microparticles in an environment simulating a vascular tumor with venous drainage. The fixation of immunoglobulin (IgG1), equivalent to anti-VEGF, to microspheres (Hepaspheres) has been studied. Finally, mechanical and electrical properties of microemulsions have been explored by ultrasound and impedancemeter
Lauwers, Frédéric. "Etude quantitative tridimensionnelle du réseau micro-vasculaire du cortex cérébral humain." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/173/.
Full textDetailed information on microvascular network anatomy is a requirement for understanding several aspects of microcirculation, including interpretation of haemodynamically based functional imaging methods, but very few quantitative data on the human brain microcirculation are available. The main objective of this study is to propose a new method to analyze this microcirculation. From thick sections of India ink-injected human brain, using confocal laser microscopy, the author developed algorithms adapted to very large data sets to automatically extract and analyze centre lines together with diameters of thousands of brain microvessels within a large cortex area. From this database the global densities, the statistical distributions of diameters and lengths were analysed, separating the tree-like and the net-like parts of the microcirculation. The topological structure of the cerebral arterioles and venules is tree-like, while that of the capillaries is net-like. Because of this essential difference in nature, the topology of these branching or mesh structures must be analyzed separately. To extract a vascular tree from the skeleton, we identified its origin in the sulcus and traced automatically all the paths from this origin through vessels in which resistance to flow is lower than a prescribed value. The branching pattern of the arteriolar and venous trees extracted is best described by the diameter defined Strahler system. Furthermore, our analysis included variations in volume density along the cortical depth and along vectors parallel to the cortical surface. It appears that spatial specificity of fMRI signals at an intracortical level could profit from precise quantitative evaluation of the vascular network suggested by the present anatomic study
Valentin, Fabienne. "Evaluation de la place de l'IRM dynamique dans la prise en charge des cancers du col utérin." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23100.
Full textBrichaux, Agnès. "Doppler couleur des hémangiomes immatures et des malformations vasculaires superficielles de l'enfant." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M039.
Full textHui, Jiaming. "Comparative anatomy of the diploic vessels in hominids : implications for the evolutionary history of human cranial blood circulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS208.
Full textHominidae are featured with large and energy-consuming brains, which necessitates effective vascular networks providing metabolic support. The diploic venous system is important to cranial blood circulation, since it facilitates the exchanges between extra-and intra-cranial blood. Considering the physiological significance of the diploic venous system, it may have been involved in brain evolution. However, the anatomy and evolution of the diploic venous system remain unknown in most Hominidae members, hindering us from verifying its relationship with brain evolution. Moreover, as the cranial inner structures can potentially function as taxonomic signals, it is meaningful to estimate the taxonomic significance of the diploic venous system, of which the precondition is mapping the characteristics in each taxon.This study investigated extant great apes, extant humans, and Homo fossils from the Early, Middle, and Late Pleistocene. The diploic venous systems of most fossil specimens were unexplored in previous studies. Many among them are critical to understanding human evolution. This study developed a new protocol for identifying, reconstructing, and analyzing the diploic venous system. With Micro-CT images, this study non-invasively detected and digitally reconstructed the diploic structures. As vascular soft tissues were not preserved, the bony diploic channels were used as proxies of veins. Through qualitative inspections, this study described their distribution, drainage, and their spatial interactions with endocasts and bone thickness. Through quantitative methods, including the intensity scale, fractal analysis, and relative volume analysis, this study evaluated their degrees of complexity, sizes, and general intensity levels.This study presents the diploic venous system in extinct hominins, and it discovered non-documented structures in great apes and corrected the classic description of extant humans. The results showed that great apes had less developed diploic venous systems than hominins. A highly developed system was not an autapomorphy of Homo sapiens, instead, it emerged in hominins since the Early Pleistocene and was widely shared among Homo. The taxonomic differences in the diploic venous drainage patterns between hominids mainly appeared in the sphenoid greater wing, asterional region, paranasal sinuses, and parietal foramina. Brain size did not determine the intensity of diploic venous network, as small-brained hominin species also had dense and large diploic venous networks comparable to those of large-brained taxa. Brain shape could also affect diploic vessels, as the compression from pronounced brain gyri corresponded to the areas with evident thinning in cranium, which were usually bypassed by diploic vessels. As brain shape varied among hominids, it contributed to the taxonomic differences in diploic vessel distribution. Additionally, the diploic venous structures could facilitate heat exchange, but no clear evidence indicated that it had a key role in brain thermoregulation. Finally, the diploic venous system might have co-evolved with other vascular networks and paranasal sinuses.In conclusion, this work is the first comprehensive comparison of the diploic venous systems among great apes, fossil hominins, and extant humans. The findings contribute to our knowledge of the diploic venous system, preliminarily mapping its general evolutionary trajectory in human lineage. This study also sheds light on the evolutionary history of human brains, revealing the spatial interaction between vessels, cranial bones, and brains. The diploic venous system has potential application values in future taxonomic and phylogenetic discussions
Tayllamin, Bruno. "Evaluation d'une méthode de Frontières immergées pour les simulations numériques d'écoulements cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20100.
Full textThe most common approach in Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) for simulating blood flow into vessel is to make use of a body-fitted me-thod. This approach has lead to accurate and useful simulations of blood flowinto arteries. However, generation of the body-fitted grid is time consuming andrequires from the user an engineering knowledge.The Immersed Boundary Method has emerged as an alternate method whichdoes not require from the user any grid generation task. Simulations are done on astructured Cartesian grid which can be automatically generated. Here we addressthe question of the capability of an Immersed Boundary Method to cope withcardiovascular flow simulations.In particular, we assess the impermeable and moving properties of the wallwhen using the Immersed Boundary Method on simple but relevant vascular flowcases. Then, we show more complex and realistic cardiovascular flow simulations.The first application consists of blood flow simulation inside an aorta cross model.Then, the simulation of blood flow inside a cardiac ventricle with moving wall isshown
Lussey, Charlotte. "Apport de l'imagerie multimodale à l'étude de l'angiogenèse et du métabolisme des tumeurs liées aux mutations SDHB." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB151/document.
Full textPheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia respectively. Around 15% of PCC are malignant. SDHB mutations are associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. SDH deficiency leads to succinate accumulation that induces a cellular pseudohypoxic phenotype, promoting in particular VEGF and GLUT-1 expression and increasing angiogenesis and glucose metabolism. The high malignancy hazard associated with SDHB and the absence of curative treatment of metastatic forms of the disease make it essential to develop a mouse model for preclinical trials launching. The quest for a predisposed mouse model of Sdhb-deficient tumors being unsuccessful, Sdhb-/- and wild-type (WT) immortalized mouse chromaffin cells previously generated in the laboratory were propagated in the fat pad of NMRI nude mice, thereby providing the first pattern of Sdhb- deficient tumors. These mice were compared to a control group receiving non-mutated imCC (WT) and characterization was performed in vivo by multimodality imaging. Optical imaging assessing the tumor angiogenesis with Angiostamp®, an RGD fluorescent peptide, found an increased expression of integrins αvβ3 in the Sdhb-/- group 12 h after tracer injection. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) showed an overall tumor enhancement significantly higher in the Sdhb-/- model secondary to an increase of the tumor blood flow (F) and of the intratumoral capillary volume fraction (Vb) (compartmental analysis using PhysioD3D software). Metabolic imaging assessed by 18FDG-PET confirmed the expected high glucose consumption by Sdhb-/- tumors. Finally, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) detected succinate accumulation in Sdhb-/- tumors and not in WT tumors. This result was confirmed by mass spectrometry and this innovative procedure for in vivo detection of succinate was translated into patients suffering from PCC/PGL. A succinate peak was specifically observed in SDHx-related PCC/PGL patients. In conclusion, these results show strong differences between Sdhb-/- and WT allografts and suggest that preclinical therapeutic studies could be implemented in this unique model of Sdhb-deficient tumour. Our noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific method allowing in vivo detection of succinate, the major biomarker of SDHx-mutated tumors was translated into clinical imaging
Arthuis, Chloé. "Etude de la perfusion placentaire par imagerie fonctionnelle sur un modèle murin de retard de croissance intra-utérin." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3308.
Full textTo identify fetuses small for their gestational-age who have reached their appropriate growth potential from growth-restricted fetuses due to placental insufficiency is uneasy. Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) increases the risk for indicated preterm delivery, neonatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, improving the knowledge of the placental perfusion is essential to better identify and manage fetal chronic oxygen deprivation associated with placental insufficiency.Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and MRI are two imaging modalities available to quantify placental perfusion. However, few studies focus on the quantification of placental perfusion with CEUS. First, the advantages and limitations of CEUS were presented in an IUGR rat model by uterine ligation. The placental perfusion observed by CEUS was significantly decreased in the ligated horn. No contrast enhancement was observed in the umbilical vein or the fetus. Then, we compared the CEUS parameters to results obtained by MRI perfusion. Perfusion parameters were obtained from the signal intensity decay curve for the two imaging modalities. Results of such perfusion parameters were comparable in the same IUGR rat model. Finally, we evaluated the response of the placenta to oxygenation by photoacoustic imaging. PA imaging is a real-time, non-invasive method to evaluate placental oxygenation without contrast agents. Our results suggesting that placenta is less affected than maternal tissue by the decline in maternal oxygenation. The placenta may play an important role in protecting the feus against hypoxia
Houriez--Gombaud-Saintonge, Sophia. "Analyse automatisée des données 3D+t d’imagerie par résonance magnétique de vélocimétrie. Quantification de l’apport du 3D+t." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS328.
Full textCardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in OECD countries, in particular, because of the population aging, making it one of the major health issues on a global scale. Advances in imaging today make it possible to better understand and diagnose these diseases in a non-invasive way. More recently, a new non-invasive and non-radiative imaging technique named « 4D Flow MRI » allows for the first time to image the speed of blood flow in three dimensions during a whole cardiac cycle, thus offering new perspectives of visualization, understanding, and measurement. This thesis in image processing carried out in connection with cardiologists and radiologists aims to develop new indicators and to quantify the contribution of 4D flow MRI especially in 1) the assessment of the aortic stiffness leading to a comparison between several approaches to estimate the pulse wave velocity 2) the analysis of flow disorganization in aging and pathological dilation 3) the evaluation of filling flow in the left ventricle
Grand-Perret, Virginie. "Echographie de contraste 3D pour l’évaluation de la microvascularisation tumorale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS575.
Full textAlready validated in clinical practice, 2D contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging has a quantitative imaging biomarker of the response to anti-angiogenic drugs. Given both the heterogeneity of vascularization within the tumor and the operator-related variability, a three-dimensional (3D) approach would provide more reliable quantification than a single 2D plane and thus allow the extension of this methodology on a larger scale. The objective of this thesis work was to study this 3D imaging modality in order to develop a robust methodology, via two complementary approaches in vitro on a test object and in vivo on a small animal model. The study of the influence of the acquisition parameters and the measurement of the spatial resolution as well as the associated partial volume effect have required the development of a measurement bench dedicated to ultrasound imaging of micro-flows. This measurement bench ensures stable, controlled and continuous flows in channels of a few hundred micrometers thanks to a microfluidic pressure controller. The second part on a patient-derived tumor model of renal cancer allowed to better understand the tumor complexity and heterogeneity in ultrasound imaging as well as the importance of segmentation