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Academic literature on the topic 'Imagerie du plancton'
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Journal articles on the topic "Imagerie du plancton"
Aguilera, Felipe, Javiera Caro, and Susana Layana. "The Evolution of Peteroa Volcano (Chile–Argentina) Crater Lakes Between 1984 and 2020 Based on Landsat and Planet Labs Imagery Analysis." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (October 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.722056.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Imagerie du plancton"
Panaïotis, Thelma. "Distribution du plancton à diverses échelles : apport de l'intelligence artificielle pour l'écologie planctonique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS155.
Full textAs the basis of oceanic food webs and a key component of the biological carbon pump, planktonic organisms play major roles in the oceans. However, their small-scale distribution − governed by biotic interactions between organisms and interactions with the physico-chemical properties of the water masses in their immediate environment − are poorly described in situ due to the lack of suitable observation tools. New instruments performing high resolution imaging in situ in combination with machine learning algorithms to process the large amount of collected data now allows us to address these scales. The first part of this work focuses on the methodological development of two automated pipelines based on artificial intelligence. These pipelines allowed to efficiently detect planktonic organisms within raw images, and classify them into taxonomical or morphological categories. Then, in a second part, numerical ecology tools have been applied to study plankton distribution at different scales, using three different in situ imaging datasets. First, we investigated the link between plankton community and environmental conditions at the global scale. Then, we resolved plankton and particle distribution across a mesoscale front, and highlighted contrasted periods during the spring bloom. Finally, leveraging high frequency in situ imaging data, we investigated the fine-scale distribution and preferential position of Rhizaria, a group of understudied, fragile protists, some of which are mixotrophic. Overall, these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of in situ imaging combined with artificial intelligence to understand biophysical interactions in plankton and distribution patterns at small-scale
Da, Silva Ophélie. "Structure de l'écosystème planctonique : apport des données à haut débit de séquençage et d'imagerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS183.
Full textPlanktonic organisms are key actors in oceanic ecosystems, which support trophic networks and play a major role in biogeochemical cycles and climate regulation. While the spatio-temporal distribution of planktonic diversity can be investigated at several levels, from the gene to the ecosystem, identifying the underlying mechanisms is challenging. Indeed, the structure of diversity results from different evolutionary and ecological processes that can act simultaneously. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the oceanic environment has been increasingly monitored. Numerous observation platforms have been deployed, leading to the acquisition of a large amount of data for multiple environmental characteristics. At the same time, technologies for studying living organisms have been developed. Thus, an unprecedented sampling of planktonic organisms has taken place. In particular, high-throughput sequencing and imaging data provide molecular, taxonomic and functional information at several biological levels. The objective of this thesis was to explore the structure of planktonic ecosystems using high-throughput sequencing and imaging data. Coupling with environmental data could contribute to a better understanding of the spatial distribution of planktonic diversity, from species to communities. In the first part, the genetic diversity of protists was studied at the species level. The hypothesis was that metagenomics could provide access to the poorly characterized spatial organization of the intraspecific protist genetic diversity, as well as to the mechanisms underlying it. In a second part, the link between genetic diversity and functional diversity was explored. Transparency was targeted. This functional trait is little explored at the community level and its molecular basis is poorly identified. A data-driven approach allowed this trait to emerge from imaging data, leading to the exploration of its biogeography and molecular basis. In the last part, the high potential of complementarity between sequencing, imaging and environmental datasets was explored, in order to highlight the multi-scale structure of the planktonic ecosystem and to identify its global structure. Finally, all the results were discussed to highlight the contributions that these data can provide to the understanding of planktonic ecosystems, as well as the limitations they can face
Della, Penna Alice. "Living in a fluid-dynamical landscape : how do marine predators respond to turbulence ?" Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC066.
Full textMarine top predators play a fundamental role in maintaining the structure and functioning of healthy marine ecosystems. In the last decades the development of bio-Iogging (i. E. Deployment of autonomous recording tags on free-living animals) has radically changed the study of top predators and their interactions with their environment. Combinations of sensors measuring position (Argos and GPS), environmental properties (water temperature, light) and proxies for foraging behavior (accelerometers) have enabled relating migrations of large fish, marine mammals, sea turtles and seabirds to basin scale patterns of ocean currents, temperature, and productivity. However, what influences marine predators' movement at smaller spatial and temporal scales, such as the ones they experience during their foraging trips, is still largely unknown. This project analyses the interaction between marine top predators (elephant seals and macaroni penguins) and sub-mesoscale (few days-months, 10-100 km) ocean dynamics. This is achieved by combining in-situ observations, bio-logging data, remote-sensing, ecological modelling and a Lagrangian approach (i. E. Based on the tracking of water parcels). The study is conducted in the sub-Antarctic region around the Kerguelen Plateau (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean)
Romagnan, Jean-Baptiste. "Les communautés planctoniques des bactéries au macroplancton : dynamique temporelle en Mer Ligure et distribution dans l'océan global lors de l'expédition Tara Oceans. - Approche holistique par imagerie -." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4050.
Full textPlankton constitutes the bulk of pelagic biomass and plays a major role in the global biogeochemical cycles that regulate the earth system. It encompasses all the organisms that drift with the water masses movements, from bacteria to giant medusae. Studies of the entire community are scarce, and plankton has been traditionally studied by fractions. The Tara Oceans expedition is the first attempt to simultaneously collect plankton in every size classes at the global scale. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, samples of plankton from bacteria to gelatinous macroplankton were collected weekly over ten months at a reference site (point B), in Villefranche Bay, northwestern Mediterranean, and analyzed using imaging techniques. Imaging enabled us to compare 1) the functional taxonomic information as derived from the analysis of 18 Plankton Ecological Groups (PEGs), and 2) the size structure of the same planktonic community over 6 orders of magnitude in size. The plankton dynamics at point B are driven by a complex succession process involving all plankton groups, from bacteria to macroplanktonic gelatinous predators. Environmental impulsive events such as wind events trigger sharp community level reorganizations via interplay of bottom-up controls followed by top-down controls. However, the total biovolume of the planktonic community varies within only one order of magnitude over the period studied. In addition, the size structure of the entire community does not vary significantly over time. The total biovolume and size structure stability suggest that strong and compensative mechanisms drive community dynamics within a narrow range of biomass variation. The use of both taxonomic and size structured data reveals a reorganization of the food web between winter and summer. In winter and spring the microplanktoniczooplanktonic food web is shaped by the grazing function. In summer, it is shaped by the predation function (chaetognaths and gelatinous predators). In summer, the food web self organizes in two distinct food chains discriminated by size relations between predators and preys. This reorganization underlines the key role of zooplankton and predation in structuring planktonic communities. In parallel to this temporal dynamics study, we used the Tara Oceans expedition samples to study the global scale distribution of mesozooplankton. We showed that characteristic mesozooplanktonic communities were associated with distinct environmental conditions, at the global scale. Using a similar methodology as for the temporal study we found that three different mesozooplanktonic communities were associated with 1) productive environments (e.g. upwellings), 2) Oxygen Minimum Zones, and 3) Oligotrophic oceanic gyres. This work is the first typology of mesozooplanktonic communities at the global scale. It will be further developed in the future by the integration of other planktonic compartments and particulate organic matter fluxes data, to improve our knowledge on the relations between phytoplankton, zooplankton and particulate organic matter fluxes
Soviadan, Yawouvi Dodji. "Distribution et fonction du mésozooplancton dans le premier kilomètre de l’océan mondial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS469.pdf.
Full textMesozooplankton refers to all aquatic animals between 200 µm and 2000 µm that drift with the currents. The variability of mesozooplankton plays a major role in the carbon cycle and global changes through direct and indirect effects. It is distributed throughout the water column from the surface to the abyss. The mesopelagic zone (between 200 and 1000 m depth) is a critical water layer because of the physical and biological processes affecting carbon fluxes that take place there. However, mesopelagic mesozooplankton is rarely studied, due to sampling constraints and the lack of taxonomic knowledge of a community that is still poorly studied. The collection of samples from the Tara Oceans expedition analyzed by imaging at the Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche sur Mer has allowed the generation of a global mesozooplankton database, from the surface to the lower limit of the mesopelagic zone (1000 m). The combination of taxonomic and morphometric data generated by the imaging technique allows: i) to describe the faunal structure of the mesozooplankton; ii) to study its size structure; and iii) to calculate the physiological rates of crustaceans to estimate their contribution to the carbon budget in the global ocean, from the surface to 1000 m. These data have been augmented with data from the Malaspina cruise, recent Geomar cruises and in-situ imaging data of vertical particles profiles (underwater vision profiler, UVP) from Tara Oceans. This thesis is a first step towards the analysis of descriptor variables and the distribution of mesozooplankton communities in the mesopelagic zone at the global scale, in relation with vertical particles fluxes and hydrological and biogeochemical variables. Our results show that the structure of epipelagic mesozooplankton communities at the global scale depends mainly on temperature, phytoplankton composition, and surface-produced particulate organic matter. In the mesopelagic layer, the main factors structuring the mesozooplankton are surface phytoplankton composition, particulate concentration, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration. The size structure of the mesozooplankton was studied through the analysis of slopes and shapes of the normalized biomass size spectrum or the normalized biovolume size spectrum (NBSS). Our results show that position in the water column (depth) is a more important factor than the effect of latitude in explaining differences between mesozooplankton communities (relative abundances of taxa, biomass, NBSS). NBSS observed in tropical regions reflect a drastic decrease in mesozooplankton abundance, accompanied by a decrease in their spectral slopes (steeper), while their shapes were less affected. NBSS of large mesozooplankton and particles > 500 µm ESD obtained from two different methods (net collection and imaging by ZooScan, and in situ imaging, UVP, respectively) allowed to directly compare and intercalibrate their NBSS from oligotrophic to eutrophic systems. Results show that nets significantly underestimate fragile organisms such as rhizarians and UVP underestimates copepods, with high variability with latitude and depth. Mesozooplankton NBSS estimated by both instruments are in agreement at locations where copepods dominate, in the temperate and polar oceans. Analysis of tropical crustacean NBSS reveals the existence of five types communities, associated with distinct habitats: surface rich environment, upper mesopelagic rich environment, lower mesopelagic poor environment, oligotrophic mesopelagic and oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) [...]