Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Imagerie de la résonance des plasmons de surface'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Imagerie de la résonance des plasmons de surface.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Sereda, Alexandra. "Imagerie multi-spectrale par résonance des plasmons de surface : développement et applications." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112321/document.
Full textBiodetection is at the core of the current health concerns, as shown through the variety of applications to HIV screening, food contaminant analysis or water quality monitoring. In this field, plasmonic biosensing is a well-established label-free technique on the market: commercial systems from HORIBA Scientific are currently available for both research and industrial users.Based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon, plasmonic biodetection uses the high sensitivity of an evanescent wave propagating along a metallic film (forming the biochip) and the surrounding dielectric medium interface. More specifically, the adsorption of biomolecules onto the metal surface induces a strong change in the optical properties of a light beam reflected by the biochip: the main principle of plasmonic transduction consists in measuring these physical changes. Several interrogation techniques have therefore been developed to access such optical information, but they fail in meeting the most demanding user requirements for precise, real-time, high-throughput measurement.Initiated by these issues, the instrumentation work presented in this document has led to the development of a novel SPR interrogation technique, referred to as multi-spectral interrogation. Moreover, the promising results obtained have been pushed forward to propose a multi-spectral illumination system based on LEDs, providing attractive performances compared to existing configurations. The biosensing potential of the developed system, demonstrated through applications to genetic diagnosis and cancer detection, opens the door to a new generation of compact, high-performance, low-cost SPR sensors
Banville, Frédéric. "Nanostructuration de surface pour l'imagerie à résonance de plasmons de surface de haute résolution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO005/document.
Full textIn pharmacological research, living cells are widely used as the sensing medium for biological studies, such as cell apoptosis and cellular reorganization. Different characterization systems are developed to analyze and quantify biological information. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging is sensitive to minute refractive index variations occurring in a medium at the proximity of a metal layer. It has found many applications in pharmacological research since it allows the real-time image acquisition and does not require biological labeling like for fluorescence. However, the propagative nature of surface plasmons (PSPs) limits the spatial resolution by spreading the information in the direction of propagation of the PSPs. This means that it is difficult to spatially resolve details smaller than the attenuation length of the PSPs, generally of the order of tens of micrometers. Several research groups have worked on this limitation in order to improve the spatial resolution in SPR imaging. However, although spatial resolutions lower than that of the propagation have been obtained, those techniques require compromises, such as loss in temporal resolution or in refractive index.In this thesis project, plasmonic devices were designed and characterized in order to improve spatial resolution in SPR imaging, while minimizing compromises with other imaging parameters. These SPR chips are composed of nanostructured metal surfaces where the guided mode combines the properties of propagative plasmons and localized plasmons. An in-house numerical modeling software has demonstrated how the geometry of nanostructured surfaces can be optimized to reduce the attenuation length of the plasmonic mode, while maintaining a high imaging contrast. An optimum geometry was identified, and micron-sized structures have been observed using the optimized nanostructured SPR chips. Experimental results showed a reduction in propagation by a factor of 6.3 compared to uniform metal surfaces.The imaging performances of nanostructured SPR chips were assessed by studying cellular responses following pharmacological stimulation. The chips were used in real-time monitoring of integrity changes in confluent endothelial cell layer following stimulation. Quantification of intercellular gaps in the monolayers showed a significant increase in the number of small holes detected (~ 1μm2) when using nanostructured SPR chips. This increase in sensitivity to cellular activity is the result of improved spatial resolution. Finally, the study of morphology in highly linear cytoskeleton cell enabled the observation of subcellular structures and the monitoring of cytoskeleton reorganization in individual cells. The nanostructured SPR chips designed and realized during this thesis show a strong potential label-free live cell imaging
Nakkach, Mohamed. "Imagerie multidimensionnelle en mode de résonance de plasmons de surface de structures de biopuces : expérience et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734650.
Full textMasson, Jean-Baptiste. "Imagerie de contraste ionique térahertz Physique statistique des plasmons polaritons de surface." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002917.
Full textCorne, Christelle. "Etude des interactions entre protéines et lésions de l'ADN par résonance plasmonique de surface par imagerie (SPRI)." Grenoble, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505298.
Full textDNA is the carrier of genetic information. DNA damage caused by various physical or chemical stresses is a challenge for cellular repair systems. These include the base excision repair system (BER) which involves several enzymes whose objectives are the recognition and removal of damaged bases, well-recognised functions for two glycosylases: prokaryotic Fpg and eukaryotic OGG1. Many approaches have been described to study DNA / protein interactions in vitro. With surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), we have a real-time technique, without labeling, with which we can observe interactions in parallel for a single protein purified enzyme (Fpg, OGG1, EndoIV or Ape1) vis-à-vis various injuries to synthetic oligonucleotides immobilized on a gold surface. The damages studied were an oxidized base (8-oxoG), a cyclised base (cycloadenine) and analogues of abasic sites (THF and C3). We also studied the action of these enzymes on multiple lesions, in tandem, combining the 8-oxoG and 8-oxoA bases on the same strand of DNA. The originality of our system combines the direct analysis of the DNA / protein interaction with the indirect approach of observing its outcome by hybridization and amplification of the signal after a thermal ramp. The results obtained enable us to consider the use of our technique to observe the simultaneous repair of certain lesions by cell extracts for biochemical work, or by human tissue extracts for bio-medical work
Chabot, Vincent. "Plates-formes de microscopie et fluorescence par résonance de plasmons de surface appliquées à l'imagerie cellulaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6632.
Full textFiche, Jean-Bernard. "Etudes thermiques des puces à ADN par imagerie de résonance des plasmons de surface (SPRi) : vers la détection de mutations ponctuelles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10201.
Full textLn the space of one decade, DNA-chips became tools which cannot be ignored in the present scientific context. Placed at the interface between traditional disciplines, th. Ey are currently used for gene expression studies, SNP detection or who le genome analysis. This work uses for the first time surface plasmon resonance imaging coupled with tempe rature control - from 20°C to 80°C - applied to DNA-chip studies. Ln the first part, we study the DNA hybridization process on a solid support from a both kinetic and thermodynamic point of view, assuming the theoretical Langmuir model, ΔH and ΔS parameters are estimated as a function of probes length and show a non-conventional behaviour compared to the theoretical prediction. We assume that it could be due to a lack of accessibility on the DNA-chip surface. The second part is dedicated to point mutation detection using tempe rature scan technique. Our results, obtained with two models (K-ras and Cycline D1), are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in solution and let assume that this method could be applied for SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) detection on biological samples. A last application concerns the DNAglycosylase Fpg interactions with damaged DNA duplexes. Two lesions, 8-oxo-guanine and 5',8Cyclo-2'-desoxyadenosine, are used and Fpg enzymatic activity is only detected for the first one using an original thermal method
Motel-Absil, Emilie. "Imagerie et spectroscopie de nanoparticules d’or en microscopie optique plein champ." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066663.
Full textAoudjit, Thinhinane. "Etude des propriétés optiques de nanostructures chirales par imagerie photochimique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TROY0008.
Full textChiral nanostructures interact differently with right and left circularly polarized light. Moreover, they exhibit enhanced electric and magnetic near-fields leading to the so-called superchirality. This effect can be used for the detection of chiral biological objects with high enantio-sensitivity. Indeed, the optical chirality C is correlated with the rate of excitation of the chiral molecule, so that increasing the optical chirality at the location of the molecule can significantly improve its detection. We present here a subwavelength imaging approach that is based on the interaction between the highly exalted near-field of chiral nanoparticles and an azobenzene molecule (DR1, disperse red 1) grafted to a polymeric chain (i.e. PMMA). Under illumination, the azobenzene molecules (DR1) undergo photo-isomerization cycles, which induce a displacement of matter inducing measurable topographical modifications that can be tracked using atomic force microscopy. Therefore, we obtain in the polymer a map of the near-field of the chiral nanostructures. We recently demonstrated that chiral effects and field dissymmetry in plasmonic nanostructures can be imaged with this technique. Here, we apply photochemical imaging to chiral metallic nanostructures, such as chiral coupled nanorods. We show that the near-field chiral response can be imprinted in the photopolymer
Chaigneau, Marc. "Imagerie et spectroscopies en champ proche optique : de la nano-sonde à la caractérisation de matériaux." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274746.
Full textproche optique, mais également l'émergence de capteurs moléculaires basée sur l'excitation de plasmons de
surface. Ce travail de thèse est consacré au développement de nano-sondes à base de fibres optiques destinées à ces
deux applications.
Après un état de l'art des différents procédés de la littérature, ce travail aborde une nouvelle approche pour
créer des nano-sondes optiques. La gravure chimique, pour créer une pointe à l'extrémité d'une fibre conique, est
premièrement optimisée. Les étapes suivantes sont réalisées dans un dispositif plasma original, basé sur une
décharge en régime de cathode creuse cylindrique. Pour finaliser la fabrication des sondes, les pointes métallisées
sont ouvertes in situ avec une micro-étincelle obtenue via une décharge couronne en configuration pointe-plan.
Notre microscope est ensuite détaillé et une étude paramétrique est menée afin d'optimiser la formation des
images, les capacités de résolution du sont discutées. A titre d'exemple, le microscope est ensuite appliqué à la
science des nano-matériaux, et quelles pistes d'investigation de nano-structures sont explorées, ainsi que le
potentiel de spectroscopie Raman en champ proche.
La spectroscopie résonante des plasmons de surface est aussi abordée. Les sondes spécialement modifiées
sont ici destinées à la détection moléculaire en milieu aqueux. Les capteurs ainsi élaborés sont testés dans des
microvolumes de solution, et leur capacité d'exaltation du signal Raman est présentée.
Pillet, Flavien. "Développement d'un outil d'analyse d'interactions moléculaires basé sur la résonance plasmonique de surface (SPRi)." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0029/document.
Full textDuring the last decades a large number of technologies have been developed to analyze intermolecular interactions. In this context, the fluorescence biochips remain the most frequently used. Although this technology is very sensitive and multiplexed, it does not allow access to the kinetic parameters, essential to the calculation of the constants of affinity. Therefore, the research for alternative systems is essential. In this way, the Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) is considered as an opportunity. It is an optical detection process that can occur when a polarized light hits a prism covered by a thin metal layer. Under certain conditions free electrons at the surface of the biochip absorb incident light photons and convert them into surface plasmon waves. Perturbations at the surface of the biochip, such as an interaction between probes immobilized on the chip and targets, induce a modification of resonance conditions which can be measured. It is a label free technology which allows intermolecular interactions in real time and gives access to the kinetics parameters. However, SPRi is limited in sensitivity and multiplexing. The objectives of my PhD were to circumvent these various limits. Thus, we validated the immobilization of DNA probes on gold surface using thiol-modified oligonucleotide probes. Deposition carried out on non-modified gold surface, does not require electrical stimulation and expensive specific robotic devices. The thiol modification of the probes was shown to be very stable at room temperature, contrary to pyrrole and diazonium probes that need to be prepared just prior to their spotting. We demonstrate that thiol-modified oligonucleotide probes spotted on a gold surface of the SPRi-prisms are very robust and reproducible. We also demonstrated that this simple chemistry is compatible with high density arrays fabrication bearing more than 1000 spots using a classical spotter. Furthermore, the modification of the prism surface with gold colloids and dendrimers allowed for DNA/DNA interactions, to reach a detection limit of 2 nM. In parallel of this work, various biological applications were carried out and validate our previous developments. A first study was to screen G-quadruplex specific ligands to inhibit telomerase activity. We demonstrated that SPRi technology is particularly well adapted to the screening of interaction of small molecules with DNA probes and is sensitive enough to permit distinction between interactions with different DNA structures. The second study was on the bacterial partition complex. We study the DNA binding requirement involved in SopB-sopC specific interactions and analysed at the nucleotide level the bases involved in the binding efficiency and essential for the partition All this PhD work improved the SPRi technology and demonstrated its great potential in biological applications
Duperron, Matthieu. "Conception et caractérisation de nanoantennes plasmoniques pour la photodétection infrarouge refroidie." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0030/document.
Full textThe market for cooled infrared imaging technologies is growing fast due to a range of applications covering military, commercial and space. Current research for innovative systems focuses on high operating temperature and multispectral detectors.To achieve these aims, optical resonators can be used to concentrate electromagnetic fields in thin absorbing media. This thesis investigates the possibility of using plasmonic resonators for HgCdTe photodetection.Temporal coupled-mode theory is used to optimise analytically the absorption in a plasmonic resonator incorporating an absorbing semiconductor subject to the critical coupling condition. A design of a thin plasmonic HgCdTe diode is then described. This includes a hybrid plasmonic mode arising from the coupling between a surface plasmon and a cavity gap-plasmon mode
Bassil, Nathalie. "Système de biopuce optique en temps réel : application au diagnostic génétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008933.
Full textPendery, Joel. "Organisation à l'échelle nano et imagerie de cristaux liquides et de colloïdes sur les surfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066582.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on liquid crystals and the inherent orientational order that arises from these anisotropic materials. Quasi two-dimensional chiral patterns were scribed via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with robust control onto polyimide substrate, composed of achiral materials, yielding 3D chirality that was localized to within a few nanometers of the surface. The chirality was quantified through the surface electroclinic effect. In addition, a sample with a well-controlled easy axis was fabricated and a method to measure the local director orientation with 100 nm resolution using Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy yielded the true angular distribution function of the local order with high precision. Finally, gold nanoparticle self-assembly was studied within a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film. The open sample creates a striped texture and gold nanoparticles coated with thiol are deposited within the liquid crystal matrix. Polarized Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) measurements show an anisotropy between light polarized with respect to the stripe orientation. Evaporating the liquid crystal revealed disordered anisometric needle-like aggregates through AFM. Generalized Mie theory calculations, in conjunction with LSPR, found a smaller nanoparticle spacing in the CLC compared to a 2D monolayer of the same nanoparticles on a rubbed substrate or 1D chains in smectic A dislocations. The closer spacing suggests trapping sites within the CLC, where nanoparticles are first localized and then aggregate under van der Waals attraction aided and enhanced by the CLC and mediated by steric forces
Mercey, Emilie. "Mesures parallélisées d'interactions oligosaccharides / protéines au moyen de biopuces." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011160.
Full textBeltrami, Coline. "Développement d'un biocapteur plasmonique pour la détection en faibles concentrations de miARNs dans le cadre du don d'organes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST196.
Full textMonitoring the physiological conditions of brain-deceased organ donors is crucial to prevent tissue degradation. Tracking this degradation can be done by following the inflammatory response (i.e. cytokine storm) through specific biomarkers like miRNAs. This work proposes using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) to quantitatively detect those miRNAs. To achieve detection at concentrations below the usual SPRI limits, this research focuses on developing a more sensitive and specific SPRI biosensor for miRNA detection. Firstly, a new surface functionalization better oriented was developed for the SPRI gold biochip to improve bioreceptor accessibility. LNA-modified probes were then employed to enhance the affinity with the target miRNA. Secondly, a signal amplification strategy was designed using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a sandwich-like assay, and a kinetic model predicting the amplification factor was developed. The AuNPs were synthesized in a one-step process at ambiant temperature and functionalized for miRNA specificity and solubility in saline solution.These combined approaches led to more than two orders of magnitude signal amplification and a detection limit in the picomolar range
Pendery, Joel. "Organisation à l'échelle nano et imagerie de cristaux liquides et de colloïdes sur les surfaces." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066582.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on liquid crystals and the inherent orientational order that arises from these anisotropic materials. Quasi two-dimensional chiral patterns were scribed via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with robust control onto polyimide substrate, composed of achiral materials, yielding 3D chirality that was localized to within a few nanometers of the surface. The chirality was quantified through the surface electroclinic effect. In addition, a sample with a well-controlled easy axis was fabricated and a method to measure the local director orientation with 100 nm resolution using Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy yielded the true angular distribution function of the local order with high precision. Finally, gold nanoparticle self-assembly was studied within a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film. The open sample creates a striped texture and gold nanoparticles coated with thiol are deposited within the liquid crystal matrix. Polarized Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) measurements show an anisotropy between light polarized with respect to the stripe orientation. Evaporating the liquid crystal revealed disordered anisometric needle-like aggregates through AFM. Generalized Mie theory calculations, in conjunction with LSPR, found a smaller nanoparticle spacing in the CLC compared to a 2D monolayer of the same nanoparticles on a rubbed substrate or 1D chains in smectic A dislocations. The closer spacing suggests trapping sites within the CLC, where nanoparticles are first localized and then aggregate under van der Waals attraction aided and enhanced by the CLC and mediated by steric forces
Obeid, Sameh. "Analyse quantitative et qualitative sur puce de vésicules extracellulaires en milieux complexes au sein d'une plateforme nanobioanalytique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD009/document.
Full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles (30 to 1000 nm) released from different cell types, upon activation or apoptosis, and present in most body fluids (Blood, Urine….). Based on the current state of knowledge of their biogenesis and biochemical properties, EVs can be devided into three distinct populations: exosomes (EXO), microparticles (MPs) and apoptotic bodies (APOb). EVs have been found to play important biological roles and are also biomarkers of different pathologies. […] The first step consists of the injection of the samples containing EVs onto the biochip surface. This step is accomplished by SPR technique that allows label-free monitoring of EVs immunocapture onto the surface of a biochip presenting different specific bioreceptors. Following the capture of EVs, a nanometrological investigation of the biochip surface by AFM is engaged to characterize the physical properties of captured vesicles (size, morphology, etc..). Owning a nanometrical resolution, AFM can discriminate between individual EVs and vesicles or protein aggregates, leading to an accurate characterization of individual vesicles. The coupling of SPR technique with AFM was adapted to offer a representative global view of each array of bioreceptors and to measure the size of thousands of individual EVs. A proteomic investigation was also engaged to characterize the proteomic compositions of the different subpopulations of EVs. Such an investigation could contribute to the understanding of EVs biogenesis, biology and pathophysiology. To evaluate the potential of our platform to detect, quantify and characterize nanoparticles, two calibration particles, which cover the lower and upper size range of EVs, were chosen: (i) virus-like particles of 50 nm of diameter, also called CP50, and (ii) protein-functionnalized synthetic beads of 920 nm of diameter, called CP920. The capture tests in SPR showed a specific capture of these two calibration particles with their specific bioreceptors, immobilized onto the biochip surface, regardless the complexity of the media in which they were diluted. Also, a positive correlation was obtained between the capture level, measured by SPR, and the particle 9
Roland, Thibault. "Microscopie par Plasmons de Surface Localisés : un outil d'imagerie optique non intrusif pouvant couvrir les échelles du nanomètre au micromètre en biologie." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441957.
Full textDuval, Aurélien. "Système de biopuces à imagerie plasmonique polarimétrique pour la caractérisation dynamique de l'anisotropie de films nano-fonctionnalisés et nano-structurés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426690.
Full textPardoux, Éric. "Détection à large spectre de pathogènes bactériens à l'aide de peptides antimicrobiens." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV026/document.
Full textMicrobiological analysis to confirm the absence of bacteria in normally sterile biological samples, such as blood, is routine in many laboratories. The presence of bacteria in blood, called bacteremia, can have very serious, and even fatal consequences for the patient. So far, the standard protocol for their detection has been based on the enrichment of blood samples collected from patients, thanks to blood culture, in order to obtain a sufficient population for analysis. These procedures are time consuming which sometimes lead to delays in diagnosis and subsequent adaptation of antibiotic treatments by several days. In recent decades, techniques such as mass spectrometry identification or molecular analyses have reduced the time required to identify the pathogens involved. In this context, the use of biosensors is another promising alternative. This work proposes to include wide spectrum probes in an optical sensor using SPR imaging (surface plasmon resonance). This system is already developed for the specific recognition of pathogens during their growth in the blood. The new ligands we propose to evaluate are antimicrobial peptides (AMP). These short, cationic and amphiphilic peptides have the advantage of having a broad spectrum of interaction with bacteria, coupled with high stability (chemical, thermal and drying), especially compared to the antibodies used so far in this technique. Their immobilization on SPRI prisms allows the simultaneous evaluation of the affinity of several AMP to the same bacterial strain. The biosensors based on AMP were able to detect pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in simple culture medium, such as plasma and diluted blood in blood culture medium. The system obtained allows the detection of pathogens present at an initial concentration of about 1 CFU.ml-1, in less than 24 hours and in all assayed media. Finally, the implementation of multidimensional statistical analyses has resulted in a consistent classification of targeted species, in simple culture medium, such as blood. These results show the potential of this system to develop a wide-spectrum biosensor capable of both detecting and cross-referencing bacterial pathogens
Kholodtsova, Maria. "Spectral, spatial and temporal properties of multilayered epithelial tissue in vivo in presence of metal nanoparticles in multimodal spectroscopy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0031.
Full textThe thesis work is devoted to spatially-, temporally- and spectrally- resolved laser and biological tissue interactions. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the influence of colloidal nanoparticles embedded into multilayered biological tissues on their optical properties in order to provide deeper and/or more precise probing. To do so, the integral spectroscopic parameters and lifetime of fluorophore in vicinity of metal nanoparticles were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Another part of the study was to propose new algorithmic solutions for improving the performance of the estimation process of the optical properties values from spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements. The last part of the thesis was the experimental and theoretical modelling of fluorophore’s kinetics in presence of colloidal gold nanoparticles. The ultra-short pico-second component (around 100 ps) was resolved and correlated to strong nanoparticles dipole field which is compensating the molecule’s dipole
Fuchs, Julia. "Etude Physico-chimique des puces à ADN: Stabilité du duplex d'ADN, détection des mutations ponctuelles et au-delà." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433465.
Full textKholodtsova, Maria. "Spectral, spatial and temporal properties of multilayered epithelial tissue in vivo in presence of metal nanoparticles in multimodal spectroscopy." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0031/document.
Full textThe thesis work is devoted to spatially-, temporally- and spectrally- resolved laser and biological tissue interactions. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the influence of colloidal nanoparticles embedded into multilayered biological tissues on their optical properties in order to provide deeper and/or more precise probing. To do so, the integral spectroscopic parameters and lifetime of fluorophore in vicinity of metal nanoparticles were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Another part of the study was to propose new algorithmic solutions for improving the performance of the estimation process of the optical properties values from spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements. The last part of the thesis was the experimental and theoretical modelling of fluorophore’s kinetics in presence of colloidal gold nanoparticles. The ultra-short pico-second component (around 100 ps) was resolved and correlated to strong nanoparticles dipole field which is compensating the molecule’s dipole
Laurent, Guillaume Christophe. "Etude des plasmons de surface par imagerie Raman." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077023.
Full textIn this work, we propose to use electron beam lithography in order to understand, in one hand, the electromagnetic fields enhancement mechanisms leading to surface enhanced Raman scattering and to be able, in the other hand, to make regular reproductible samples that can enhanced near field. Furthermore, the great Raman scattering cross-section eanables us to develop a new setup which can make an image of the near field enhanced areas. The main idea is about the adsorbate molecule which is sensible to the near field, although its enhanced Raman scattering detection is done in far field. We can say that the molecule frustrate the near field in order to give an image of this local field
El, kazzy Marielle. "Etude fondamentale pour l'optimisation des performances d'un nez bioélectronique basé sur des protéines liant les odorants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV105.
Full textThe detection of odorant molecules and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is the subject of growing demand in various fields such as food industry, perfumery, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and so on. Although accurate and reliable, the most commonly used methods - gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and panels of human noses or trained dogs- have a number of drawbacks, particularly in terms of cost and time. In response to these limitations, electronic noses (eNs) have emerged as promising tools for the analysis of VOCs. Inspired by the biological nose, these biomimetic devices generally consist of a set of cross-reactive chemical sensors combined with a pattern recognition system. Over the past three decades, eNs have demonstrated their great potential for VOC analysis in many areas. However, one of the main weaknesses of most existing eNs is their limited selectivity. In response to this problem, research efforts have multiplied over the last decade to explore the use of biological materials from the olfactory system as sensing materials in order to improve the performance of eNs. In this context, our team at the Molecular Systems and Nanomaterials for Energy and Health laboratory (SyMMES, UMR 5819), has conceptualized a bioelectronic nose using surface plasmon resonance imaging as a transduction technique and employing small peptides as sensing materials. This technology led to the creation of Aryballe, a company that has successfully miniaturized and commercialized the device. This thesis project is a part of the ANR project OBP-Optinose (ANR-18-CE42-0012), which aims to explore the potential of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) as novel sensing materials for the development of bioelectronic noses.During the thesis, we used a combination of wild-type and more selective OBPs, which were designed and genetically modified to have specific binding properties for target VOCs. Our experimental approach was to study various parameters that could have an impact on the performance of OBP-based biosensors for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase. First, a complete characterization of the OBP layers after immobilization on surface was carried out. The stability of the proteins in the gas phase was assessed, which is crucial to ensure their activity. The density and orientation of the OBPs were also studied since they may have impact on the sensitivity of the system. In addition, the impact of glycerol and humidity on the OBP layers was investigated. In particular, in-depth research into the hydration mechanism of the OBP layers was carried out, which enabled us to gain a better understanding of how humidity influences the reactivity of the biosensors. Finally, we demonstrated the good performance of OBP-based bioelectronic nose in the gas phase in terms of selectivity, stability, and repeatability
Beleoken, Ongmessen Elvire. "Approches innovantes appliquées à l’identification des auto-antigènes dans les hépatites auto et allo-immunes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T048.
Full textAlloimmune hepatitis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is poorly characterized. The first goal of this thesis was to identify antigens (Ag) targets of autoantibodies (auto-Ab) in sera from patients, using serological proteome analysis. Five patients who received an allogeneic BMT developed liver dysfunctions with histological features suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. Before and during the onset of hepatic dysfunction, sera were tested on immunoblots performed with cytosolic, microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear proteins from rat liver homogenate, resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. After tryptic digestion, antigenic targets were identified by two tandem mass spectrometry techniques: MALDI-TOF/TOF and nanoHPLC LTQ Orbitrap®. A total of 103 different proteins were identified. Twelve of them were recognized by sera from three patients. This is the first immunological description of hepatitis occurring after BMT, enabling a discussion of the mechanisms that transform an alloimmune reaction into an autoimmune response. Any decision to withdraw immunosuppression after allogeneic BMT should be made with caution and hepatic parameters monitored systematically.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In the second part of the thesis, the goal was to characterize Ag-Ab interactions as a function of pathology, using surface plasmon resonance imagery (SPRi). Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and healthy donors (D) were passed across a SPRi surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactions involving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interaction were calculated. koff values reflect the stability of the complex. Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIH sera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera, P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological tests.The binding curves and koff values observed after the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serum indicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) circulating nucleic acids, present or absent according to the autoimmune disorders, participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNP B1 and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied and are involved in antigen-antibody stability. Results from our work as well as promising innovations in mass spectrometry and SPR technologies lead us to consider the development of new tests, usable in monitoring patients with auto and alloimmune liver diseases
Templier, Vincent. "Exploration de méthodes alternatives pour la détection de bactéries dans le sang." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS008/document.
Full textThe presence of bacteria in the blood, a normally sterile environment, can cause dramatic consequences for an organism. In order to diagnose this infection, called bacteremia, the identification of the microorganism present in blood must be performed. Furthermore, proper diagnosis enables the administration of a suitable antibiotic therapy. Blood complexity as well as the low bacterial load, usually lower than 1 CFU.mL-1, make the diagnosis of this infection quite challenging. Indeed, most identification methods begin only after the blood culture turns positive due to their insufficient sensitivity. For this they require incubation of a large blood sample volume (20 – 30 mL) in specific culture media that allows bacterial growth above their detection limit. Therefore, its increases considerably the time of diagnosis, which usually takes between 2 and 48 hours and sometimes even more time after blood culture positivity depending on the method and the microorganism present in blood. A reduction of the time required for identification would have a positive impact for both the patient and the healthcare systems by reducing selective pressure on resistant bacteria and hospitalization costs by giving proper treatment faster.In this work, the evaluation of a new strategy based on the identification of bacteria during their multiplication in the blood culture is presented. This method is based on Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) which enables real time and label-free measurements of interactions occurring between bacteria and specific probes. Alternative ligands like aptamers, innate immune proteins and vancomycin have been tested. Following this study antibodies have been chosen as the major specific probes in this work. Nonetheless, the presence of the staphylococcal protein A leads to false-positive results in all immunoglobulin G (IgG). Enzymatic cleavage to remove the constant fragment of antibody where protein A interacts and the use of chicken antibodies (IgY) for which protein A has no affinity have been evaluated. Both methods allow to get rid of protein A interactions in pure culture media. But the presence of human serum in the media results in the total loss of signal. Our results show that interactions between blood components and staphylococcal proteins exposed at the bacterial surface, including the interactions between protein A and circulating antibodies, are responsible for this phenomenon. Solutions to alleviate this inhibition are discussed and tested. Detection experiments of another bacterial model, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in blood culture media are presented. The crucial role played by the anticoagulant Sodium Polyanethole Sulfonate in non-specific interactions on antibodies is demonstrated. These interactions leading to a total loss of specificity for some antibodies are influenced by the isoelectric point (pI) of the probes which interact with this anionic compound and then attract blood components. After the partial resolution of this issue, we show the feasibility of detecting less than one bacteria per blood milliliter in a total volume of 32 milliliters, conditions close to real blood culture
Jimenez, Alvaro. "Développement de nanoréseaux pour un biocapteur de résonance par plasmons de surface." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1457.
Full textRobert, Hadrien. "Optical heating of gold nanoparticles and thermal microscopy : applications in hydrothermal chemistry and single cell biology." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0131/document.
Full textNowadays, thermal experiments at the microscopic scale remain challenging to conduct due to the lack of reliable temperature measurment techniques. To solve these problems, a label-free temperature measurement technique called TIQSI has been developed in the Institut Fresnel.With the objective to study new thermal-induced effects on the microscale using TIQSI, I built a microscope aimed to control heat diffusion on the microscale using nanoparticle. Thus, I could study different phenomena in chemistry and biology.Hydrothermal methods in chemical synthesis rely on the use of superheated liquid water as a solvent. It has been shown that gold nanoparticles can be used superheated water in a metastable state. I managed to conduct hydrothermal chemistry experiments using thermoplasmonics without autoclave which represents a new paradigm in chemistry.A living cell can be damaged by a heat stress which can misfold its proteins. To response to this stress, the HSP synthesis enables the reparation of misfolded proteins. I could study the heat stress response of HSP at short time scale which allowed me to illustrate the interest of using TIQSI and a local heat.As an application mixing superheating water and biology, I studied organisms that are able to live at high temperature (80-110°C) namely hyperthermophiles. Motion of these organisms has been studied without autoclave which paves the way to more sophisticated experiments such as the interaction between hyperthermophiles
Bourassa, Philippe. "Étude de la signalisation du récepteur opioïdergique mu par la résonance des plasmons de surface." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5370.
Full textBrenet, Sophie. "Développement et optimisations d'un nez électronique basé sur l'imagerie de résonance de plasmons de surface." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY089.
Full textElectronic noses are promising candidates for low-cost field monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, these techniques are still challenged with limitations. The use of a limited number of receptors prevents selective VOCs differentiation. A lack of reliability caused by pollution of receptors hinders their use for many applications. In this context, an electronic nose based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) is developed for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase. This system consists of a broad array of receptors obtained by the self-assembly of organic molecules and peptides. SPRI optical transduction provides multiplexed monitoring of a large number of interactions in real time. The objective is to ensure the best possible chemical resolution to reliably differentiate VOCs. To this end, different strategies are explored to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and stability of the measurements. Thanks to these optimizations, our system offers a high selectivity for a large number of VOCs. VOCs are differentiated according to their chemical nature and structure. A good repeatability and a stability of at least two months are obtained. Preliminary tests show that our instrument is also effective for the analysis of more complex samples
Le, Nader Victor. "Approche expérimentale et théorique de la diffusion Raman exaltée : résonance des plasmons de surface et effet de pointe." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559365.
Full textGoffard, Julie. "Etude du couplage entre des nanocristaux de silicium et des plasmons de surface localisés." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0012/document.
Full textThe discovery of photoluminescence of nanometric silicon paves the way to use silicon in optoelectronic devices. However this photoluminescence remains low and a lot of works aim at improving silicon optical properties. In this dissertation we study localized surface plasmons to improve optical properties of silicon nanocrystals. Thanks to the control of all geometrical parameters of silicon nanocrystals and metallic nanoparticles during the fabrication process, the coupling process between these two objects has been studied. The modification of silicon nanocrystals emission as a function of the distance, the size and the nature of metallic nanoparticles has been investigated. Thanks to the development of experimental optical characterization techniques we showed that silicon nanocrystals photoluminescence is modified both spectrally and spatially by localized surface plasmons. This work shows that it’s possible to enhance silicon’s optical properties and thus to devise optoelectronic devices with silicon and plasmons
Jimenez, Alvaro. "Une biocapteur à base de résonance de plasmons de surface intégré monolithiquement avec une source d'excitation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8178.
Full textChamtouri, Maha. "Etude exhaustive de la sensibilité des Biopuces plasmoniques structurées intégrant un réseau rectangulaire 1D : effet de la transition des plasmons localisés vers les plasmons propagatifs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112060/document.
Full textSurface plasmons resonance imaging with continuous thin metallic films have become a central tool for the study of biomolecular interactions. However, in order to extend the field of applications of surface plasmons resonance systems to the trace detection of biomolecules having low molecular weight, a change in the plasmonic sensing methodology is needed. In this study, we investigate theoretically and experimentally the sensing potential of 2D nano- and micro- ribbon grating structuration on the surface of Kretschmann-based surface plasmon resonance biosensors when they are used for detection of biomolecular binding events. Numerical simulations were carried out by employing a fast and novel model based on the hybridization of two classical methods, the Fourier Modal Method and the Finite Element Method. Our calculations confirm the importance of light manipulation by means of structuration of the plasmonic thin film surfaces on the nano- and micro- scales. Not only does it highlight the geometric parameters that allow the sensitivity enhancement, and associated figures of merit, compared with the response of the conventional surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on a flat surface, but it also describes the transition from the regime where the propagating surface plasmon mode dominates to the regime where the localized surface plasmon mode dominates. An exhaustive mapping of the biosensing potential of the nano- and micro- structured biosensors surface is presented, varying the structural parameters related to the ribbon grating dimensions. New figures of merit are introduced to evaluate the performance of the structured biosensors. The structuration also leads to the creation of regions on biosensor chips that are characterized by strongly enhanced electromagnetic fields. New opportunities for further improving the bio-sensitivity are offered if localization of biomolecules can be carried out in these regions of high electromagnetic fields enhancement and confined
Béland, Rémy. "Développement d'un biocapteur couplant la résonance des plasmons de surface et la microcalorimétrie pour le suivi des interactions moléculaires à l'interface liquide/solide." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0040/document.
Full textTo begin with, the characteristics of a DNA hybridization intermolecular interaction at the interface were defined in order to deduce the specifications for our transducers. Following this, the SPR and microcalorimetric transducer will be design by taking into account the constraints of each one. Following the theoretical design of the sensor, a manufacturing process compatible with standard methods of microelectronics manufacturing was tested and identified. To ensure the functionality of the devices, a test of surface functionalization on the sensor was applied to test the compatibility of the manufacturing process with the surface functionalization methods. Finally, a system of active mixing was tested and characterized with a microcalorimetric device to ensure it was possible to mix fluids with organic products to be sure of the quality of the surface reaction. The system developed can be used to mesure DNA hybridization at the interface. This system incorporates two modalities for real-time characterization of intermolecular interactions near the solid/liquid interface. This type of system allows the kinetic measurement of different biological models such as cellular receptors or it is possible to have some molecular measure conformation near the interface. Oxidation of glucose with the enzyme glucose oxidase was shown to present the possibility to measure a biological interaction
Brioude, Arnaud. "Couches ultra minces d'oxydes préparées par voie sol-gel : étude par résonance de plasmon de surface." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10170.
Full textMaillart, Emmanuel. "IMAGERIE PAR RESONANCE DES PLASMONS DE SURFACE POUR L'ANALYSE SIMULTANEE DE MULTIPLES INTERACTIONS BIOMOLECULAIRES EN TEMPS REEL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006480.
Full textLisi, Samuele. "Approches innovantes basées sur la Résonance des Plasmons de Surface pour le diagnostic biomoléculaire de la maladie d’Alzheimer." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV003/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread pathogenic condition causing memory and behavior impairment mostly in elderlies because of the accumulation of amyloid beta peptide and tau protein in human brain. Current therapeutic approaches, based on the amyloid hypothesis, are unable to arrest the progression of the disease, hence early diagnosis is crucial for an effective intervention. Based on the updated criteria for AD probable diagnosis, and considering the limits associated with the actual analytical techniques, my work in this thesis was dedicated to develop novel strategies for AD diagnosis. The whole project focused on the analysis of tau protein by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensing. Such protein is well known for being relevant as neurodegenerative marker. In particular if the measurement of tau is associated with that of the amyloid beta peptide and that of the phosphorylated tau, the clinical specificity of this protein become significant to detect Alzheimer. Two aspects were studied; first of all an immunosensor was developed taking advantage of the well-established antigen-antibody interaction. After characterization of the analytical parameters of the direct assay (with primary antibody), a sandwich assay (using two monoclonal antibodies mapping on different analyte i.e. protein tau epitopes) was developed, allowing very low sensitivity to be obtained in artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (aCSF). In particular to enhance the analytical signal Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) were used. Secondly, the research was focused on the selection of aptamers for tau. To this aim two SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) methods were compared, both based on Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) for partitioning step of the process. Whether with CE-SELEX (first method), no significant affinity improvement was measured, using the CE-Non-SELEX (second method) affinity of the DNA library for tau protein was consistently improved. After isolation of a limited population of aptamer candidates, five sequences were chosen to be analyzed for their affinity for the target. Fluorescence Anisotropy (FA) measurements and SPR highlight similar behavior for the selected sequences, despite the detection principles of these techniques are significantly different. In conclusion the work highlight versatility of SPR technology used both for quantitative analysis and for new selected aptamers characterization in terms of affinity for the analyte tau. The above mentioned versatility is of great interest in a field such AD, which is rapidly expanding. Lowering the total tau levels has been recently identified as a new goal for therapy. Therefore many drug candidates are likely going to be tested in the near future. SPR technology is already widely used in pharmaceutical industry to investigate novel molecules, since it gives access to a large panel of information. In this panorama aptamer technology may improve the overall quality of the analytical data, allowing better comparison among drug candidates. With respect of these receptors, the thesis opened the door to new studies for DNA aptamers to recognize tau, with considerable advantages in term of the receptor stability. Moreover the whole potential of DNA aptamers selected in this work still remain to be explored. New selection methodologies, combined with fast progression of bioinformatics tools might give rise to affinity improvement, which will lead to sensitivity improvement for tau detection in the next few years
Niberon, Yann. "Hyperspectral Plasmonic Biosensor for Dengue Virus Detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0041.
Full textSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a technic use to detect specific chemical binding and their evolution through time with high sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this project is to propose a compact hyperspectral SPR bio-sensor to detect Dengue virus. Based on a static system with reflection over parabolic surfaces and using white light source, in the Kretschmann configuration it was possible to realise simultaneously an angular and spectral interrogation to generate a hyperspectral image that gives us in real time a mapping of the reflectance along two axes. The real time aspect allows to study the evolution the resonance condition from the variation of the refractive index of a solution tested through time in a certain range of incident angle in the visible spectrum. A kinetic study of chemical bindings was realized with the Dengue virus Type 2 (DENV-2) with its Immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG1). During the calibration of this technic, it was reached a sensitivity to detect a refractive index shift within an order of 10-5 RUI (refractive index unit). The advantage of this SPR bio-sensor design compare to conventional system is the three-dimensional aspect (angular, spectral and temporal) to determine the resonance condition without the need to fix one of the three parameters: incident angle, wavelength and time
Chabot, Vincent. "Conception d'un système de biodétection à base de résonance des plasmons de surface appliqué à la mesure d'activité cellulaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1421.
Full textBéland, Rémy. "Développement d'un biocapteur couplant la résonance des plasmons de surface et la microcalorimétrie pour le suivi des intéractions moléculaires à l'interface liquide/solide." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/153.
Full textTellez, Limon Ricardo. "Light propagation in integrated chains of metallic nanowires : towards a nano-sensing device." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0039/document.
Full textLocalized surface plasmons (LSP) are used to control and concentrate the electromagnetic field in small volumes of matter. This is a very interesting property in the context of biophotonics. Indeed, it allows an enhancement of the light-matter interaction at the cell scale, or even at a single molecule scale. The technological challenge is to propose optical devices able to efficiently couple light into localized plasmonic modes and to improve the detection of signals resulting from the interaction between the confined light and the analyte under detection.In this thesis work, we theoretically and experimentally study the guiding and confinement properties of light in periodic arrays of metallic nanowires of rectangular and triangular (nanocones) cross section that support localized plasmons. These nanowires are integrated in a photonic circuit that enables an efficient light coupling. The extinction spectra of the plasmonic resonances are directly obtained by analyzing the transmitted light in the device. By making use of the Fourier modal method, we perform an exhaustive theoretical study of the plasmonic Bloch modes that propagate due to the near-field coupling of the localized plasmons resonances. It is demonstrated that for the metallic nanocones, the optical field can be strongly enhanced by a controllable tip effect and remarkably intense
Ntsame, Guilengui Vilianne. "Technologie et étude de résonateurs plasmoniques à base d'InAsSb : vers une plasmonique tout semi-conducteur." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20240/document.
Full textSurface plasmons polaritons (SPP) are quasi-particles resulting from the strong coupling between the collective oscillations of free carriers in a metal and an electromagnetic wave. They are generated at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. They are studied in detail for several years for their outstanding properties of electromagnetic field confinement at the interface or of filed exaltation. SPP are the building blocks of plasmonics, the area that exploit their optical properties. One of the main characteristics of the SPP is the plasma frequency which is proportional to the density of free carriers. Plasmonics is essentially based on noble metals like gold or silver. However, noble metals are difficult to use in certain ranges of wavelengths, such as infrared, to exploit the electric field exaltation for the detection of molecules in biology. To improve the control of this electric field exaltation, it is necessary to adjust the plasma frequency. It impossible with noble metals that are otherwise incompatible with current microelectronics processes. To overcome these limitations we propose to use heavily doped semiconductors. By changing the doping or the type of the semiconductor, it is possible to change the plasma frequency and thus obtain plasmonic resonances in the mid-infrared. My work deals with the realization and the characterization of doped semiconductors plasmonic gratings. The samples consist of an InAsSb (indium, arsenide, antimonide) layer doped with silicon. This layer is deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a GaSb substrate (gallium antimonide). I have developed an experimental technique based angular dependent reflectivity of rapid and non-destructive characterization of the doping level in the InAsSb layers and thus the plasma frequency. A theoretical model based on Brewster modes allowed explaining the experimental results. I then developed a technological process to achieve the InAsSb gratings. They are based on interference lithography, chemical wet etching and dry plasma etching. By changing the size of the grating, I have demonstrated the ability to control the optical properties of plasmonic resonators. Finally, we have made of InAsSb grating buried into a GaSb layer, using a regrowth by MBE technique. The structure is planarized with a good crystallinity. So it is possible to integrate plasmonic resonators nearby photonic compounds operating in the infrared using only semiconductors. We pave the way for the development of all-semiconductor infrared plasmonics. My thesis is a pioneer work in this field
Baril, Nathalie. "RMN dans un gradient d'induction oscillante : de l'imagerie de surface à la détection de mouvements." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12570.
Full textMakiabadi, Tahereh. "Etude de surfaces nanostructurées : applications à la spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface et à la résonance de plasmons localisés." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467582.
Full textMakiabadi, Tahereh. "Étude de surfaces nanostructurées : applications à la spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface et à la résonance de plasmons localisés." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=eb8aaf03-cd71-46c6-a427-2c4cf47a3a49.
Full textThe objectives of this work are the realization, characterization and optimization of nanostructured surfaces, e. G. Substrates for the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the surface plasmon resonance. Several main contributions were performed. The first one is based on the grafting of silver and gold nanoparticles on functionalized supports. Our bottomup approach enabled us to highlight the optimal conditions to obtain a mono-layer of nanoparticles, with homogeneous distribution and an important density. The curves of extinction and factors of exaltation were quantified and modeled. Also, the manufacturing time was optimized. The second contribution, which is based on a top-down approach, consists of making nanostructures by electro erosion of a thin film of silver or gold, carried out by physical deposit in vapor phase. This procedure, which relies on the optimization of oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC), was employed to realize rough films and metal nanostructures. The presence of nanostructures and the nano cavities on the substrates were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) atomic force microscopy (AFM). The limit of detection by Raman spectrometry was evaluated at 1nM. The optimal conditions obtained from the curves of extinction and Raman scattering made it possible to converge towards a reliable and reproducible manufacturing protocol. The third contribution is the deposit of nanoparticles on optical fibers in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)
Balaa, Karla. "Capteur à fibre optique basé sur le principe de Résonance de Plasmons de Surface : optimisation pour la détection d'espèces chimiques." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00291177.
Full textDans une première partie, nous présentons une revue théorique sur les plasmons de surface à l'interface métal – diélectrique. Nous présentons ensuite une étude expérimentale en deux parties : la première décrit la réalisation et la caractérisation des capteurs SPR à fibre optique, la seconde présente l'analyse de la réponse SPR des transducteurs ainsi réalisés. En particulier nous avons caractérisé par des études systématiques l'influence de paramètres physiques importants liés au métal, à la fibre optique et au traitement de surface de la partie sensible par le greffage d'une couche de thiols.
Enfin, nous proposons une étude numérique simulant la réponse du capteur en fonction de différents stimuli. Ce modèle, basée sur le calcul de la réflectance de la lumière à l'interface d'un ensemble multicouches nous a permis de valider l'étude expérimentale et d'étendre les recherches en prenant en compte différent type de molécules cibles. En particulier, nous présentons des résultats sur des molécules absorbants ou non absorbants, greffées ou non à la surface du transducteur. Une comparaison entre résultats expérimentaux et simulations numériques valide l'ensemble du travail et nous permet finalement de proposer une configuration optimisée du capteur, en fonction de la nature de la couche métallique et de la fibre optique, ainsi que des molécules cibles à détecter.
Beilvert, Anne. "Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation in vitro et in vivo d'agents de contraste pour l'imagerie moléculaire du coeur lipidique de la plaque d'athérosclérose." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132004.
Full textImaging and quantifying the lipid core is a key to evaluate the risk of rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. My goal is to develop MR contrast agent that will target the lipid core inside the atherosclerotic plaque. Our hypothesis is to mimic apolipoprotein A1 and mimetic D-4F behavior with lipids. D-4F is a soluble alpha helix peptide that binds to lipids via a cluster of aromatic amino acids. We believe that using a single aromatic amino acid or a combination of aromatic amino acids on a MR platform will efficiently target the lipid core. First, we developed a micellar platform functionalized with tyrosin-O-methylester. This compound was successfully tested in an ApoE-/- mouse model under western diet that develops atherosclerotic plaque. Then, we generalized this approach with a polysaccharide based MR contrast agent. Tyrosine-O-methylester was coupled to this platform as well as trityrosine and L-4F peptide. These compounds were evaluated first by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on immobilized lipoproteins and then in the ApoE-/- mouse model. In vivo results indicate an enhancement in the atherosclerotic plaque and in the lipid core that validates our hypothesis