Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Image infrarouge'
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Barbé, Stéphane. "Camera infrarouge a frequence image elevee pour applications en soufflerie hypersonique." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112149.
Full textZhang, Qiong. "Infrared image enhancement based on hybrid-domain consideration and data fusion methods." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26993.
Full textIn recent decades, the endeavor on infrared sensor applications has been proceeding widely all through the world. But there are some problems, namely that the targets are not clear enough or cannot be distinguished easily in the image obtained for the observed scene. Infrared image enhancement has been playing a significant role of an early stage technology in infrared computer vision, image processing and non-destructive testing, etc. This thesis addresses the issue of infrared image enhancement techniques in two aspects, including the single infrared image processing in hybrid space-frequency domain, and the infrared-visible image fusion employing the nonsubsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT) technique. The image fusion can be considered as being the further exploration of the model of singe infrared image enhancement, while it combines the infrared and visible images altogether into one image to represent and protrude all useful information and characteristics from the source images, by reason that a single image could not contain all relevant or available information in terms of the restrictions stemming from any single sensor of imaging. After the investigation and review for the development of infrared image enhancement techniques, in the topic of single infrared image enhancement, a hybrid-domain enhancement scheme with a threshold-improved fuzzy evaluation method is proposed, which achieves superior image quality and human visual perception. Infrared and visible image fusion techniques are established upon the implementation of accurate registration for source images acquired by different sensors. The SURF-RANSAC algorithm is applied in the registration issue all through the entire research work, which ensures us to receive very precisely registered images and to benefit further for the fusion processing. For the infrared-visible image fusion issues, a series of advanced and effective approaches are proposed. A multi-channel NSCT-based standard fusion method is presented as a reference for the subsequently proposed fusion approaches. An Adaptive-Gaussian NSCT and Wavelet Transform (WT) based joint fusion scheme is proposed, which obtains better fusion outcomes than the general non-adaptive methods. A NSCT-based fusion approach employing compressed sensing (CS) and total variation (TV) to sample coefficients sparsely and reconstruct fused coefficients accurately is proposed, which receives much better fusion results through pre-enhancing the infrared image and decreasing the redundant fusion coefficients information. A NSCT-based fusion scheme using fast iterative-shrinking compressed sensing (FISCS) technique is proposed to compress the decomposed coefficients and reconstruct the fused coefficients in the fusion process, which is able to achieve better results more rapidly and effectively.
Tlig, Mohamed. "Segmentation des images de feux de forêt par fusion optimisée d'images visibles et infrarouges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TOUL0008.
Full textIn recent decades the earlier fire detection, as well as the implementation of appropriate responses, have become research priorities. Since visible and infrared images can’t produce clear and complete information, in this work we propose to combine both of two images with an appropriate fusion technique to improve the quality of fire detection, segmentation, and localization. The visible image is at first weighted before being used in the fusion process. The value of the optimal weight is estimatedfrom the mean of the visible image with a second-order polynomial model. The parameters of this model are optimized with the least-squares method from the curve of optimal weights according to mean of visible images. Finally, a major voting method based on deep learning models is used. A series of diverse experiments have been conducted to evaluate the fire detection capabilities of the proposed framework. These experiments include an assessment of the framework’s performance not only with respect to its visual appearance but also across a spectrum of predefined evaluation criteria. The experiments showed that the proposed model, which includes an optimized weighted image fusion stage before segmentation, has a high score Intersection over Union (IoU) of more than 94 %
Du, Tao. "Thermographie infrarouge active par induction électromagnétique. : application à l'auscultation d'éléments en béton renforcé." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0203/document.
Full textThe economical and security aspects of the durability of the prestressed concrete construction works lead to develop new non destructive testing methods. This work was developed within the framework of the ANR ACTENA French research project. The main arms are to contribute to the localization of prestressed tendon ducts or rebars and also to the detection of the poor filling defects. The context of this study and previous works are described in the chapter I. The introduction of an inductor heating provides a non uniformity of the heating. In order to avoid any misinterpretation of thermograms, a frequential method based on transfer functions is proposed in chapter II. A 3D numerical model of the experimental specimens is performed by finite element method. Chapter III shows experimental results for three concrete beam specimens. The frequential procedure is applied to the raw thermograms. The results are discussed and highlighted the interest of phase images. A quantitative approach is applied to infrared thermographical results in the chapter IV. Finally, an inverse method is proposed and allowed to the determination of thermal diffusivity and the thickness of the cover concrete
Jaloustre-Audoin, Karine. "SPIRou: synthèse de paysages en infrarouge basé sur la modélisation physique des échanges à la surface." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955332.
Full textSepúlveda, Palma Francisco Hernán. "Déformation de champs thermiques et traitement d’images infrarouges. Application à la caractérisation de systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT036G/document.
Full textThe modern infrared cameras allow the measurement of thermal fields and their temporal evolution. Infrared images processing is suitable to analyze the thermal signature of moving objects or fluid flows. In this context, we made the study of three different experiments. The first one is relative to infrared tracking of randomly moving balls and then estimate their thermal exchanges with the environment by the estimation of some characteristic time. In the second case we made a comparison between two fluids which flow inside a microchannel in order to determine the relative changes of thermal properties. The last application was to estimate a thermal diffusivity field with a mobile heat source
Bonardi, Fabien. "Localisation visuelle multimodale visible/infrarouge pour la navigation autonome." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR028/document.
Full textAutonomous navigation field gathers the set of algorithms which automate the moves of a mobile robot. The case study of this thesis focuses on the outdoor localisation issue with additionnal constraints : the use of visual sensors only with variable specifications (geometry, modality, etc) and long-term apparence changes of the surrounding environment. Both types of constraints are still rarely studied in the state of the art. Our main contribution concerns the description and compression steps of the data extracted from images. We developped a method called PHROG which represents data as a visual-words histogram. Obtained results on several images datasets show an improvment of the scenes recognition performance compared to methods from the state of the art. In a context of navigation, acquired images are sequential such that we can envision a filtering method to avoid faulty localisation estimation. Two probabilistic filtering approaches are proposed : a first one defines a simple movement model with a histograms filter and a second one sets up a more complex model using visual odometry and a particules filter
Mas, Adrien. "Etude et développement de caméras infrarouge multispectrales à acquisition simultanée pour la détection de gaz." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP001.
Full textThe accidental emission of gas in an industrial platform or the use of chemical weapons can have dramatic consequences. Bertin Technology commercialize an infrared multispectral camera using an array of uncooled detectors and called Second Sight allowing the detection of numerous gas. However, the temporal acquisition of spectral images is a limitation for a use on mobile platforms (vehicles, drones...). Therefore, the purpose of my PhD was to study several concepts of snapshot multispectral cameras using a single array of uncooled detectors. I worked on two concepts of optical architectures: a kaleidoscope-based design and a multichannel design inspired by the TOMBO architecture. The kaleidoscope-based camera can use optimally the focal plane array while having an important aperture and a great range of Fields of View. However, it has an important footprint and the implementation of the multispectral function is not obvious. By comparing, the multichannel architecture can be very compact and easily adaptable for multispectral applications but a compromise between its aperture and its Field Of View is necessary. Following these studies, the TOMBO multichannel design was chosen as the successor of the Second Sight and I could make a first demonstrator. Finally, a radiometric model was developed to compare the different cameras and I showed that the TOMBO camera could have better performances than the Second Sight thanks to its snapshot feature
Gilblas, Rémi. "Mesure de champs de températures vraies par thermoréflectométrie proche infrarouge." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797425.
Full textAlshunaifi, Ibrahim. "Caractérisation de la concentration et de la température d'un nuage de gaz par thermographie infrarouge : application à l'analyse des effluents gazeux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100025/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the cratering of the temperature and the concentration of a gas cloud. The Infrared thermography is the means used at first to detect passive and second step in quantifying the target gas. After analyzing the parameters involved in the equation of radiatif transfer of gas, the study presents the simulation result from several sources (engines, gas leak ...). Different ways of improvement of imaging data by a camera are available : optical filtering in one or two wavelengths, temporal filtering by frequency analysis. hyperspectral equipment was also developed from the combination of a Fourier transform spectrometer with the "detector" a matrix camera sensitive in the infrared. All solutions can save a factor of 10 to 50 on the detection of sources. A quantitative example is finally proposed : determining the volume of CO2 exhaled by an athlete during an effort. This volume increases during exercise. This work therefore leads to non-contact measurement applications in biometrics
Delmas, Anthony. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet mirage : application aux mesures dimensionnelle et thermique par caméras visible proche infrarouge." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/8958/1/delmas.pdf.
Full textCobo, Elie. "Capteur d'images CMOS à sensibilité améliorée dans le proche infrarouge par des nanostructures optiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2022. http://intranet.isae-supaero.fr/intradoc/intranet/doc/theses/2022_Cobo_Elie.pdf.
Full textImage sensors occupy nearly half of the optoelectronic components market with a size of $19.1 billion. Their performance and the low production cost make them the leading technology for imaging in the visible range (400 nm -700 nm). On the other hand, near-infrared imaging (700 nm - 1400 nm) is also growing rapidly. Applied in the medical field, it allows the visualization of fluorescent agents in vivo, in real time and in a non-invasive way to assist in surgery, the study of diseases and diagnosis. Near-infrared medical imaging will represent $216 million in 2021 with a projection of $405 million in 2028. But the medical field is not the only application : eye tracking, gesture and facial recognition, and improved visibility at night are all features that can be leveraged for better computer vision, so the NIR sensor market is expected to grow by almost 10% annually from 2020 to 2025. Unfortunately, to take advantage of the growth of the CMOS image sensor market for near-infrared imaging faces a major problem: the imagers manufactured by the CMOS process are designed from silicon, which is certainly a very good candidate for visible absorption, but much less so for wavelengths above 800 nm. Indeed, if only a few hundred nanometers of silicon are enough to absorb light at 400 nm, it is necessary to count tens or even hundreds of micrometers for the wavelengths higher than 800 nm. To address this issue, foundries have begun to offer sensors with a deeper sensitive area, for example from 3 µm thickness optimized for the visible to 12 µm. If this process allows an improvement of the sensitivity, it deteriorates at the same time the spatial resolution of the imager induced by the increase of the crosstalk. Other solutions involving photon traps, in particular by texturing silicon, are recently investigated but require the addition of new manufacturing steps to the standard process. In this work , we have demonstrated, by opto-electrical si mulations, the design of a diffraction grating integrated from the layer of fabrication of the poly-silicon transistors gate, layer that is already present in the standard manufacturing of a CMOS image sensor. This grating has the dual function of increasing the effective propagation length in the silicon and of acting as an antireflection layer. This implementation of a grating in the image sensor with the addition of deep isolation trenches to confine the diffracted light inside the pixel, allowed a relative improvement of the external quantum efficiency of 35.5% at a wavelength of 850 nm as well as an improvement of the crosstalk of 6.9%. This architecture with an active thickness of 3 µm allows to obtain an improvement equivalent to that of an increase of the active layer by a factor of 3 without deteriorating the crosstalk that comes with this epitaxial enlargement. To go further, we studied the integration of this grating designed from the transistor gate layer to a CMOS image sensor with backside illumination. Thus, by using the grating not in transmission but in reflection, we have shown a significant improvement of the absorption in the near infrared over a wide spectral band (from 650 nm to 1100 nm). Indeed, the absorption of an image sensor with a mirror at the back face designed from a poly-silicon grating and the first aluminum metallization layer is more than twice the absorption of a standard image sensor at a wavelength of 850 nm
Amirabadi, Seyedshahabaldin. "Characterization of PLA-Talc films using NIR chemical imaging and multivariate image analysis techniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29853.
Full textFood packaging plays a great role in the food industry to maintain food products quality as long as possible. Polymer films are widely used in food packaging and also attract attention because of their outstanding advantages. Since petroleum-based polymers are known to cause environmental concerns, biodegradable polymers like PLA were studied more intensively in recent years due to their environmentally friendly properties. The application of reinforced films exceeds simple ones in achieving specific functions and enhancing their properties such as barrier properties. Since the films structures are more complex, quality control is more challenging. In industry, off-line methods are vastly used for quality control of the produced films while variability in raw materials and processing conditions substantially change the film specifications. Consequently, real-time inspection and monitoring of polymer films is needed on the production line to achieve a real-time quality control of the films. A fast and non-invasive near-infrared (NIR) imaging system is proposed to characterize biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) films containing talc, and produced by extrusion film-blowing for packaging applications. The ultimate goal is to use the system for quality control on the extrusion line, and after a post-processing via thermal treatment (annealing). A set of PLA-talc films with varying talc contents were produced and submitted to annealing under different conditions. NIR images of the films were collected after which the samples were characterized for their physical, mechanical, and gas barrier properties. Multivariate imaging techniques were then applied to the hyperspectral images. It is shown that various talc loadings can be distinguished, and the information contained in the NIR spectra allows predicting the film properties. In all cases, the proposed approach was able to track the variation in film properties with good accuracy
Hoarau, Romain. "Rendu interactif d'image hyper spectrale par illumination globale pour la prédiction de la signature infrarouge d'aéronefs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191219_HOARAU_358wfqq893efe918esmfu405fjhqvj_TH.pdf.
Full textSensor dimensioning is a major issue for the aircraft detection field. In this vein, it is appropriate to simulate these sensorsvia models and a consequent set of spectral images. The acquisition of these images via an airborne measure campaign is unfortunately costly and difficult. A robust and fast simulation of these data is hence very appealing.In order to answer these needs, global illumination methods in high spectral dimension are used. In these circumstances,these methods raise serious issues in term of memory consumption and of computing time. Our research project focuses on these problematics.In the first instance, we have focused on the Path Tracing method and its GPU parallelization for the spectral image rendering. We have investigated at first the issues of this kind of rendering on the GPU. Then we have proposed a new method and an efficient spectral parallelization pattern which allows us to reduce significantly the memory consumption and thecomputing time.In the second phase, we have investigated how to reduce the spectral computational load of the simulation. Inthat sense, we have proposed to generalize the stochastic spectral rendering of color (XYZ) image to the stochastic spectral image rendering. This new method renders directly the channels of a sensor which allows us to reduce the memory andthe computing requirements by reducing the spectral computational load of the simulation.To sum up, the works of this thesis allows us to simulate accurately multi, hyper and ultra spectral images. The interactive time can be achieved in our case in multi and hyper spectral resolution
Zhang, Chao. "Quantitative kinematic and thermal full fields measurement." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI013/document.
Full textSimultaneous measurement of kinematic and thermal full fields are very important for thermomechanical procedures. Silicon-based cameras are widely used to perform real-time observation of the kinematic fields, mainly thanks to digital image correlation. Moreover, they are known to be as well sensitive in the near-infrared spectral range, thus the acquirement of thermal fields using silicon-based cameras is possible. However, there are two main problems for the silicon-based camera to obtain simultaneously kinematic and thermal fields. One is that in the near-infrared spectral range, a small temperature variation will lead to a large modification in the image gray level, which easily leads to poor quality images. Another is that digital image correlation needs a heterogeneous and contrasting surface, while the near-infrared thermography needs a homogeneous and constant surface. In this thesis, an innovative technique was proposed to automatically adjust the exposure time of the camera to obtain kinematically and thermally exploitable images whatever the temperature evolution occurs on the surface of the observed object. This technique was validated by different experiments, including blackbody heating experiments and realistic specimen heating experiments. Radiometric models of blackbody and specimen surfaces ware calibrated respectively. Based on the radiometric models, thermal fields have been reconstructed on the kinematically and thermally exploitable images. High temperature tube ballooning experiment is conducted to perform both kinematic and thermal fields. Global digital image correlation was performed to obtain kinematic fields. To perform near-infrared thermography on the specimen surface, radiometric model is calibrated based on portions of the brightest pixels. In this case 20% of the brightest pixels are used to perform radiometric model calibration. Based on the radiometric model using 20% of the brightest pixels, the thermal fields are reconstructed. Combined with the known coordinates of kinematic fields by digital image correlation, the thermal fields at the same coordinates as kinematic fields can be obtained
Lopez, Thomas. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation de lentilles planaires nano-structurées dédiées aux capteurs d’images CMOS dans le proche-infrarouge." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0019/document.
Full textThis work deals with the design, fabrication and characterization of nanostructuredplanar lenses dedicated to near infrared detection for CMOS image sensors.Applications and optronic systems involved in near infrared imaging have been investigatedin order to highlight the strong interest of CMOS images sensors for the 800-1100 nmspectral band. Limitations of silicon and pixel structure explain the integration of nanostructuredplanar lenses compatible with CMOS fabrication process : a plasmonic lens, a dielectricphase-Fresnel lens, a metallic Huygens lens and a gradient-index lens. 2D electromagneticsimulations of a CMOS pixel with each planar lens have demonstrated the good performanceof the Huygens lens for low fill factor pixels and the phase-Fresnel lens for standard pixels.3D simulations of these lenses have been performed for their integration and fabrication inCMOS image sensors. The 3D design by numerical simulations of a gradient-index lens hasshown its potential interest for CMOS pixels. The experimental performance of a dielectriclens "post-process" integrated/fabricated at LPN-CNRS and a metallic lens "in-process" by aCMOS foundy have been evaluated by electro-optical characterization. Several perspectivesof this work about lens fabrication and potential for improvement have been explored
Busca, Damien. "Identification du comportement de composites en fatigue bi-axiale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12145/1/busca.pdf.
Full textDjoumessi, Pascal François. "Traitement d'images satellitaires de la Méditerranée occidentale pour déterminer sa dynamique." Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET4010.
Full textCharbal, Ali. "Mesure de champs thermomécaniques pour l'étude de la fatigue par chocs thermiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN007/document.
Full textThermal fatigue occurs in nuclear power plant pipes. The temperature variations are due to the turbulent mixing of fluids that have different temperatures. Many experimental setups have been designed but the measured temperatures have only been punctual and out of the zone of interest (e.g., via thermocouples). The equivalent strain variation in the crack initiation region is calculated with numerical thermomechanical simulations. In many cases, the comparisons between numerical and experimental results have shown that the crack initiation predictions in thermal fatigue are non-conservative. A new testing setup is proposed where thermal shocks are applied with a pulsed laser beam while the thermal and kinematic fields on the specimen surface are measured with infrared (IR) and visible cameras, respectively. Experimental testings are performed and different measurement techniques for temperature and kinematic fields are used. IR camera and pyrometers allow to measure the temperature variations in the zone impacted by the laser beam. To estimate the absolute temperature, the surface emissivities at the respective wavelengths are determined by different methods. The absolute temperature field is then used to apply the actual thermal loading in a decoupled FE model after an identification process of the parameters of the laser beam. Once the thermal loading is generated based upon the experimental data, the stress and strain fields can be computed in the region of interest with an elastoplastic law.The experimental strain variations calculated from the DIC measurements are compared with the predictions obtained with the FE simulation
Li, Li. "Caractérisation et identification du comportement thermomécanique de multi-cristaux d’aluminium." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20147/document.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis is to establish an energy balance at the grain scale in order to assess the thermomechanical consistency of material models used to predict the development of crystal plasticity of metals.The first part of this work consists in setting a protocol allowing the material elaboration with the desired microstructure which is to be compatible with the use of classical macroscopic observation devices. The obtained coarse-grained aluminum samples (with centimeter grains) are used in cyclic tensile tests. During these tests, the kinematic and thermal fields are recorded with Digital Image Correlation and Infra-Red Thermography techniques.Two specific imaging techniques were developed. They allow introducing ad hoc hypotheses (i.e. consistent with microstructure) on the kinematic and the thermal fields. In this work, these hypotheses consist in intra-granular continuity conditions on the displacement, temperature and heat flux fields. These methods give independent measures on each grain while improving the robustness of the measurement methods. These methods were numerically validated using computer-generated images heterogeneously loaded.Cyclic tests were finally performed on the processed aluminum multi-crystals. The developed methods allowed the observation of the development of intra-granular plasticity and the development of inter-granular cracking
Seghir, Rian. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des couplages thermomécaniques, et bilan d'énergie au sein des polycristaux métalliques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917702.
Full textCharlès, Sylvain. "Contribution of quantitative imaging to the mechanical, thermal and calorific characterization of rubber." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S126.
Full textThe thermal dependence of the mechanical behavior, coupled with the numerous thermomechanical couplings present in elastomers, implies that the use of field methods to investigate the thermomechanical response of elastomers gives lot of information on physical phenomena which occurs in the material. The aim of this PhD thesis is to develop a method using both infrared thermography and digital image correlation to extract all information possible during mechanical testing of elastomeric materials
Dahbi, Radouan. "Conception d’une chaîne de traitements pour la segmentation texture d’images multimodales de pièces de bois en chêne. Application à la détection des singularités et la discrimination du grain du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0143.
Full textThe work presented in this CIFRE thesis, associating CRAN and CRITT Bois for the ANR-OPTIFIN project, contributes to the development of an image processing chain for the texture segmentation of multimodal images of sawn oak timber pieces. The idea is to combine multimodal acquisition techniques in visible and near-infrared (NIR) range with texture analysis methods using covariance matrices and texture segmentation methods in the Riemannian manifold, for the detection of singularities and discrimination of wood grain. In the first chapter, we present a state of the art on automated inspection of wood pieces; with a special focus on hardwood species (e.g. oak) for which inspection is still an open problem. The second chapter deals with the implementation of the multimodal imagery platform (PIM) and the calibration of color, grayscale, direct and scatter images in the visible range and abundance maps, obtained from NIR hyperspectral images. We propose an original methodology for the scatter images by optimizing the acquisition parameters on sawn oak timber pieces. The third chapter concerns the study of the registration of monomodal and multimodal images and the application of a method for the suppression of their background. In the fourth chapter, we propose a texture analysis methodology based on the fusion of multimodal images and/or their textural images (LBP, nriLBP, GLCM and Gradient) by covariance matrices. We exploit the covariance matrices by K-means clustering andk-ppv supervised classification methods, extended to the Riemannian case, for segmentation. In the last chapter, we present results ensuring a relevant and fast segmentation of the covariance matrices. They are obtained after having determined the best parameters for the K-means setting. The clustering results show that the use of multimodal images alone leads to an optimal segmentation of compact singularities. They also show the importance of integrating textural images in the modality sets to obtain a better segmentation of regional type singularities. For wood grain, an efficient segmentation is obtained by using only textural images. Finally, we propose to apply k-ppv in the Riemannian manifold on the selected modalities to obtain a more accurate segmentation
Mazet, Vincent. "Développement de méthodes de traitement de signaux spectroscopiques : estimation de la ligne de base et du spectre de raies." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011477.
Full textDans un premier temps est proposée une méthode déterministe qui permet d'estimer la ligne de base des spectres par le polynôme qui minimise une fonction-coût non quadratique (fonction de Huber ou parabole tronquée). En particulier, les versions asymétriques sont particulièrement bien adaptées pour les spectres dont les raies sont positives. Pour la minimisation, on utilise l'algorithme de minimisation semi-quadratique LEGEND.
Dans un deuxième temps, on souhaite estimer le spectre de raies : l'approche bayésienne couplée aux techniques MCMC fournit un cadre d'étude très efficace. Une première approche formalise le problème en tant que déconvolution impulsionnelle myope non supervisée. En particulier, le signal impulsionnel est modélisé par un processus Bernoulli-gaussien à support positif ; un algorithme d'acceptation-rejet mixte permet la simulation de lois normales tronquées. Une alternative intéressante à cette approche est de considérer le problème comme une décomposition en motifs élémentaires. Un modèle original est alors introduit ; il a l'intérêt de conserver l'ordre du système fixe. Le problème de permutation d'indices est également étudié et un algorithme de ré-indexage est proposé.
Les algorithmes sont validés sur des spectres simulés puis sur des spectres infrarouge et Raman réels.
Bensalem, Mohamed. "Développement d’imagerie THz de champs de teneur en eau et de température en vue de la caractérisation thermique et massique de coefficients de diffusions." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0176/document.
Full textThe movement of moisture in the porous network of certain materials is very often at the origin of phenomena prejudicial to the durability of the constructions of the civil engineering. This is particularly the case for the drying of wood, which creates cracks and delaminations at bonding interfaces, and for concrete in situations of fire where the movement of moisture can induce irreversible disorders (chipping). The use of predictive models of structural ruin therefore requires the simulation of the moisture movement within the materials. These mass and heat transfer models are sophisticated and need to be confronted with measurements in order to be validated. Few experimental techniques exist to measure moisture movements or gradients in porous networks, especially in transient conditions (drying, fire). Existing techniques are often expensive and impose severe conditions of safety for the researchers. The objective of the thesis is therefore to develop a device for measuring gradients of moisture based on Terahertz imagery. This is a comparatively inexpensive measuring technique and makes it possible to carry out transient measurements. An existing experimental bench will therefore be adapted to the measurement of the moisture field on wood specimens under variable water-moisture conditions and on concrete specimens in a heating situation. The results will constitute a database useful for understanding the phenomena of degradation of materials and will be directly usable as a validation tool for calculation models
Eren, Gönen. "3D scanning of transparent objects." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584061.
Full textDawoud, Galal Mouawad. "Système imageur panoramique infrarouge : étude et conception, acquisition et traitement numérique des images." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0006.
Full textKulikova, Maria. "Reconnaissance de forme pour l'analyse de scène." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477661.
Full textMassip, Pierre. "Fusion de données : prise en compte des caractéristiques liées à l'imageur lors de la synthèse d'images multispectrales à haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564814.
Full textYe, Jing. "Utilisation de mesures de champs thermique et cinématique pour la reconstruction de sources de chaleur thermomécaniques par inversion de l’équation d’advection-diffusion 1D." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0027/document.
Full textThis work concerns the way intrinsic observables can be produced, which are related to the thermomechanical behavior of materials and necessary for better formulation of state laws. These observables are Thermomechanical Heat Sources (THS) which are activated through mechanical excitation. These sources can be reconstructed both in space and time by the inversion of measured temperature fields obtained through IR thermography. We develop two main methods in this work which rely on spectral reduced approaches (one of them being the decomposition on Branch Modes) and both on a sequential inversion (Beck’s method) and an iterative one (Conjugated Gradient). Regarding the latter, we suggest to combine the standard approach with an efficient regularization method which comes from the filtering techniques based on TSVD. As we are concerned with materials which can be subjected to plastic instabilities (High Density PolyEthylene) for which local velocities of matter displacement can be non negligible, the inversion of the measurements must be performed with the advection-diffusion operator of heat transfer. It is then necessary to obtained additional knowledge: the velocity field. This one is measured by 3D Digital Image Correlation and we detail the experimental work we have carried out, which are based on tensile tests monitored with video-extensometry. We show that for quasi-static tests at relatively high strain rates, the advective effects are generally negligible. We also show the richness of the information brought by this dual thermomechanical (heat sources) and kinematical (strain-rates, velocities) information. It allows for a better understanding of the plastic instability (necking) dynamics. Lastly, we criticize the obtained results on THS reconstruction by the confrontation between the two algorithms and by a physical analysis of the observed phenomena
Caborgan, Rodica. "Contribution à l’analyse expérimentale du comportement thermomécanique du caoutchouc naturel." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20203/document.
Full textAn analysis of the thermomechanical behavior of the natural rubber is carried out by combining two quantitative imaging techniques. The digital image correlation of visible images is used to estimate the strain and then the deformation energy whereas infrared images make it possible to estimate, via the heat equation, the amounts of heat involved in the material transformation. The construction of energy balance enables us to determine the relative importance of the dissipative and thermomechanical coupling mechanisms. For low frequency and low extension ratio, the results show the famous thermoelastic inversion effect. From an energy standpoint, a competition between entropic elasticity and stress-induced crystallization/fusion mechanisms is observed for more significant extension ratios. No significant dissipative effect can be detected at low or high loading frequency whereas in each case, a stress-strain hysteresis characterizes the cyclic response of the material
Nogueira, de Codes Rodrigo. "Vieillissements statique et dynamique et instabilités associées : expérimentation, modélisation et simulations numériques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846955.
Full textSamaca, Martinez José Ricardo. "Analyse thermomécanique du comportement cyclique des élastomères par mesure de champs." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023976.
Full textVasquez, Emilie. "Techniques statistiques de détection de cibles dans des images infrarouges inhomogènes en milieu maritime." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30001.
Full textStatistical detection techniques of point target in the sky or resolved target in the sea in infrared surveillance system images are developed. These techniques are adapted to inhomogeneities present in this kind of images. They are based on the spatial information analysis and allow the control of the false alarm rate in each image.For sky areas, a joint segmentation detection technique adapted to spatial variations of the mean luminosity is developed and its performance improvement is analyzed. For sea areas, an edge detector with constant false alarm rate when inhomogeneities and grey level spatial correlations are present is developed and characterized. In each case, taking into account the inhomogeneities in these statistical algorithms is essential to control the false alarm rate and to improve the detection performance
Besbes, Bassem. "Intégration de méthodes de représentation et de classification pour la détection et la reconnaissance d'obstacles dans des scènes routières." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633109.
Full textApatean, Anca Ioana. "Contributions à la fusion des informations : application à la reconnaissance des obstacles dans les images visible et infrarouge." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621202.
Full textMoustafa, Abdel Rahman. "Mesure thermographique des effets dissipatifs accompagnant le fretting : d'une construction rapide des cartes d'amorçage vers une meillleure compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC012/document.
Full textCette étude s'inscrit dans une approche originale basée sur des techniques d'imagerie quantitatives comme la thermographie infrarouge pour étudier l'endommagement sous chargement de fretting. Le premier objectif était de développer une méthode de construction rapide de carte de fretting basée sur l'analyse du signale thermique au cours d'essais de fretting. Un deuxième objectif était de déterminer les sources de chaleurs accompagnant le fretting pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement. Ce travail a souligné le grand potentiel de la thermographie infrarouge pour l'étude de c'est phénomènes
CAILLAS, CLAUDE. "Une approche physique pour la comprehension des images infrarouges. Application a la robotique mobile en exterieur." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112401.
Full textMadani, Tarik. "Identification expérimentale de comportements élastoplastiques de matériaux hétérogènes pour des sollicitations complexes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS173.
Full textThe present work follows a first approach where a strategy for identifying the shape and the parameters of cohesive-zone laws has been developed for homogeneous materials. The extension of this method to heterogeneous material requires the knowledge of the local stress state.The study aims at developing a local characterization method for mechanical properties and stresses. This method is based on the constitutive equation gap principles and relies on the knowledge of mechanical kinematic fields and particularly of the strain fields. These fields are obtained by the numerical differentiation of displacement fields measured by digital image correlation.This identification method is based on the iterative minimization of an energy norm involving the secant elastoplastic tensor. Various numerical simulations were used to illustrate the performance of the procedure for locally identifying heterogeneous property fields, and to characterize its robustness and its stability with respect to noise to the values of the algorithm initialization parameter and to the mesh refinement.Finally, various experimental tests with different specimen geometries were performed and a test has been developed to obtain a controlled heterogeneous initial state. The multilinear elastoplastic identification results showed the ability of the method to identify the local behavior properties on heterogeneous materials
Vinel, Adrien. "Caractérisation thermomécanique du comportement dynamique de métaux via mesures de champs ultra-rapides." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0003.
Full textTo this date, the experimental and analyticalnstrategies allowing to characterize the viscothermomechanical behaviour of materials subjected to extreme and complex loadings are limited. In this context, this thesis proposes to develop an innovative strategy combining heterogeneous tests, full-field measurements at ultra-high speed and a non-parametric stress field reconstruction method. The work of this thesis relies on the joint use of an ultra-high speed camera (Cordin-580) and a high speed infrared camera (Telops M3K), which present to date the best spatio-temporal resolutions of the market, to capture the thermomechanical fields during a heterogeneous test. To do so, dedicated methods allowing to measure with a high spatial sampling strains (uncertainty of 2mε) and temperatures (uncertainty of 0.3 ◦C) for high acquisition speeds are developed. An experimental campaign allowing to cover large ranges of strain, strain-rate, temperature and triaxiality in a single test, while ensuring their measurability is then designed. Finally, the proposed test is analysed with an original method of stress field reconstruction which allows to characterize in a single test the viscoplastic response of a steel over a range of strain-rate from 10 s−1 to 500 s−1 with uncertainties of 10%, while providing loading paths that partially cover the shear and compression response. The combined evaluation of temperature and stress fields allow the local evaluation of energy, which will likely allow in the near future thermodynamically based models to be established using a reduced number of tests
Chanas, Laurent. "Méthodes variationnelles pour la restauration de séquences d'images dégradées : application aux images infrarouges éblouies par le laser." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/01CERG0131.pdf.
Full textMatallah, Noura. "Imagerie hyperspectrale par transformée de Fourier : limites de détection caractérisation des images et nouveaux concepts d'imagerie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585537.
Full textMalaplate, Alain. "Radiométrie infrarouge : Développement et validation de méthodes utilisant la bande [3-5um] pour la détermination des paramètres de surface à haute résolution spatiale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13227.
Full textVavrek, Roland. "Les aspects astronomiques de l'analyse multifractale sur les images de point-sources : applications aux données DENIS/2MASS en infrarouge proche et aux sursauts Gamma de BATSE." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077245.
Full textWen, Shuang. "Identification expérimentale de modèles de zones cohésives à partir de techniques d'imagerie thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00854103.
Full textKuhn, Eric. "Contrôle non destructif d'un matériau excité par une onde acoustique ou thermique, observation par thermographie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100177/document.
Full textTo detect a defect in a composite, several methods of non destructive testing have been developped. The aim of this work is to find a delamination in polymer matrix laminates thanks to two methods : thermosonics and thermography. The first method consists of an ultrasonic excitation and a detection by an IR camera. For the second technique, the plate is irradiated with a thermal wave and the detection is also performed by an IR camera. To compare the results, ultrasonic immersion tests were performed on the samples. This method provides a map of the delamination in the laminate. An algorithm for comparing the detection of delamination made by the ultrasonic C-scan and both methods revealed differences in the shape of the detected defect. Several image processing have been applied to the IR images recorded : temporal analysis and spatial / temporal analysis. The study of the instant evolution and the global evolution of the temperature are promissing for thermosonics. The most uncorrelated image obtained by principal component analysis gives is satisfactory for this method. For thermography, the non contact method, the phase study revealed the shape of delamination with the same precision as thermosonics.A comparison between the two methods was realised to highlight their advantages and their drawbacks
Kang, Seong Jun. "Contribution à l'étude du centre EL2 dans GaAs semi-isolant par photoextinction des images de transmission infra-rouge." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20050.
Full textCaporossi, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'évaluation de segmentations dans un système de reconnaissance automatique par courbes splines : application à des images infrarouges de véhicules." Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS013.
Full textLiu, Chen. "Relationship of object surface geometry on Fourier-transformed phase and amplitude images in infrared thermography." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23720/23720.pdf.
Full textMaynadier, Anne. "Couplages thermomécaniques dans les alliages à mémoire de forme : mesure de champs cinématique et thermique et modélisation multiéchelle." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044998.
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