Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Ilot de chaleur et de fraîcheur'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Ilot de chaleur et de fraîcheur.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Ilot de chaleur et de fraîcheur"
Diallo-Dudek, Julita, Thibaut Vairet, Yves Richard, Thomas Thevenin, Nadège Martiny, Julien Pergaud, Damien Roy, et al. "Cartographier la végétation et les Local Climate Zone dans six agglomérations de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté." Climatologie 20 (2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202320002.
Full textRahbar, Mojtaba Semnani, and Pierre Le Goff. "Thermo-frigopompe à absorption pour production simultanée de chaleur et de fraîcheur utiles." Revue Générale de Thermique 35, no. 418-419 (November 1996): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3159(96)80066-3.
Full textKIEMA, Benjamin, and Ousmane COULIBALY. "Etude des diagrammes de confort thermique et des Degrés Jours de Refroidissement (DJR) des dix stations synoptiques du Burkina Faso." Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): CJKA07–1—CJKA07–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2024.cjk.007.
Full textDubreuil, V., X. Foissard, J. Nabucet, A. Thomas, and H. Quénol. "Fréquence et intensité des îlots de chaleur à rennes : bilan de 16 années d’observations (2004-2019)." Climatologie 17 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017006.
Full textCrétat, Julien, Yves Richard, Olivier Planchon, Justin Emery, Melissa Poupelin, Mario Rega, Julien Pergaud, et al. "Impact de la topographie et de la circulation atmosphérique sur l’îlot de chaleur urbain en situation de canicule (Dijon, France)." Climatologie 20 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202320010.
Full textCantat, Olivier, and Alexandre Follin. "Les singularités thermiques d’un espace périurbain dans une agglomération de dimension moyenne : le cas de Caen durant l’hiver 2018/2019." Climatologie 17 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017003.
Full textHassani, Nassima, and Gilles Drogue. "Mesure et spatialisation de l’îlot de chaleur urbain dans l’aire urbaine de Metz Métropole : premiers résultats de la campagne de mesure 2019." Climatologie 17 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017008.
Full textHanafi, Abdelhakim, and Djamel Alkama. "Stratégie d’amélioration du confort thermique d’une place publique d’une ville saharienne 'Biskra/Algérie'." Journal of Renewable Energies 19, no. 3 (October 17, 2023): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v19i3.585.
Full textHASSANI, Nassima, Sébastien LEBAUT, Gilles DROGUE, and Said SGHIR. "Dynamique d'urbanisation et thermographies satellitaires en milieu méditerranéen : le cas du grand Casablanca (Maroc)." Bulletin de la Société Géographique de Liège, 2021, 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6449.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Ilot de chaleur et de fraîcheur"
Vairet, Thibaut. "Ilot de chaleur, croissance urbaine et climat urbain : simulations sur Dijon Métropole." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH021.
Full textThe urban environment is at the crossroads of two complex systems with different temporalities : climate and society. The urban climate is a modification of the climate caused by the presence of a city. The most successful expression of this climate change by the presence of the city is the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI). In a global context of adaptation and mitigation to climate change and urban development, this phenomenon of ICU tends to increase, and its health impacts on populations to become more prominent. This work is aimed at improving the knowledge of the impact of urban form and urban development on the intensity of the UCI through the implementation of a decision support tool allowing to integrate urban climate into decision-making processes. To do this, a “ model-dependent ” approach has been adopted. Five urban growth scenarios are based on the same number of housing but correspond to different Local Climate Zones (Grouped individual housing - LCZ 9, Individual group housing - LCZ 6, Low density collective - LCZ 3, Collective - LCZ 2, Dense collective - LCZ 4). These are developed by 2050, based on input data from growth models (MUP-City) and urban climate (Meso-NH / TEB). In order to assess the ability of Meso-NH / TEB to reproduce temperatures in Dijon Métropole, a control simulation, relating to the current city, is previously compared with data from the MUSTARDijon network for the heat wave period from 22 to 26 July 2018. A comparison of the results with the MUSTARDijon textit in situ network shows that the simulated temperatures are spatially and temporally consistent with the observations. The diurnal cycle is correctly modeled as well as urban and rural environments. A significant bias is present at nights in rural areas where temperatures remain high, limiting the intensity of the simulated UI. Compared to the control simulation, for the days (12LT to 18LT), the scenario with LCZs 3 and 2 present warmer temperatures than the scenario with LCZs 9 and 6. The scenarios for which the building percentage is the smallest has the smallest temperature increases. Finally, it would seem thatbuilding, whatever the urban form, on the outskirts of already defined built-up areas, has little impact on their temperature
Jkaoua, Zineb. "Méthodologie participative pour une rénovation urbaine durable : influence du microclimat sur le confort des usagers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0160.
Full textThe escalating concerns surrounding climate change are evidenced by the exacerbation of summer heat waves, posing significant challenges to urban environments. These heat events detrimentally affect daily activities, compromise public health, and intensify energy demands for building cooling systems. Urgent action is required to transition towards resilient, environmentally friendly cities. This necessitates a reevaluation of architectural priorities towards urban redevelopment and building rehabilitation. This thesis advocates for a participatory approach that empowers the decision-makers and designersto address climate change impacts effectively. By focusing on enhancing perceived comfort and quality of life, this research aligns with the priorities of design offices and project owners. Through a scientific methodology, decision support tools are analyzed to inform urban design processes effectively.This thesis proposes to offer, to the designers and the decision-makers, tools adapted to the practice, acting from the programming to the exploitation of an urban renewal project and this, considering the local climatic aspect and the subjective aspect.The thesis employs a scientific methodology, analyzing various decision support tools to enhance urban comfort. Through sensitivity analysis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), significant parameters affecting comfort are identified, followed by the validation of an average perceived comfort index (APCI) at the urban scale. Utilizing a combination of in-situ measurements and standardized surveys, a perceived average comfort index (APCI) is derived and correlated with microclimatic measurements. Additionally, simplified numerical simulations at the building scale assess the impact of urban renovations on interior comfort, leveraging existing building databases and weather data adjustments.This research contributes practical methodological frameworks essential for the development of comfortable urban projects, vital for urbanization strategies better suited to future climate realities. By integrating local climatic considerations with subjective perceptions, this thesis provides designers and decision-makers with tailored tools to guide urban renewal projects towards enhanced comfort, sustainability, and resilience
Le, Bras Julien. "Le microclimat urbain à haute résolution : mesures et modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30078/document.
Full textThe thermal comfort of the inhabitants of a city is mainly affected by the urban heat island (difference in air temperature between urban and surrounding area. This effect is caused by anthropogenic sources, low vegetated areas and heat stored in buildings and roads during the night. The urban heat island can reach 10°C at night for the biggest cities. But inside a neighborhood, the temperature variability can reach a few degrees with the effect of the shadow of the trees or the presence of lake or parks. This variability may have the same magnitude than the urban heat island. The objective of this thesis is to study the temperature variability at the city-scale and at the street-scale. The aim of this PhD work is to develop a modeling chain of the temperature at the street-scale from data from operational weather stations located in airports.The modeling chain has to be fast in order to simulate long term urban planning scenarios and have a low computational cost in order to be run outside of atmospheric sciences laboratories. The first step of the modeling chain is the spatialized urban weather generator, a numerical physical scheme which calculated the urban heat island at the neighborhood scale from data of an operational weather station located outside of the city and with sur urban surface model TEB. The second part is a statistical model of temperature variability at the street scale calculated with meteorological data coming from the generator and a mapping of the urban tissue. The statistical model relies on field campaigns achieved in 2013 and 2014 in the neighborhoods of Marseille, Paris and Toulouse
Pigeon, Grégoire. "Les échanges surface-atmosphere en zone urbaine - projets Clu-escompte et Capitoul." Toulouse 3, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186764.
Full textHidalgo, Rodriguez Julia. "Une approche observationnelle, numérique et théorique de la circulation de brise urbaine diurne pour les villes continentales." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/572/.
Full textFrom a social, economical and meteorological point of view, the urban environment is a complex system which deserves the attention of a multidisciplinary scientific community. The city modifies the local and regional weather. The city modifies the surface energy-balance and the composition of the atmosphere compared to the surrounding 'natural' terrains, temperature showing the most obvious alteration (the well-known urban heat island). The impact on the flow dynamics due to the surface heterogeneity, larger roughness and horizontal temperature gradients between urban and rural environments is more difficult to observe but is important in air quality management, structures design and urban comfort. This study focuses on the local circulation created in presence of a daytime urban heat island, under cloudless skies when regional winds are very light, called urban-breeze circulation. Different approaches are combined to advance in the knowledge of this mesoscale phenomenon: An experimental study of the urban-breeze using observational data from the CAPITOUL campaign carried out in Toulouse between February 2004 and March 2005. A numerical approach using high resolution numerical simulations performed with the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model Meso-NH coupled with the urban surface scheme TEB, allows to quantify the unmeasured 3-D mesoscale urban effects. Both approaches allowed to obtain the intensity and extension of the convergent and divergent branches of breeze, the vertical convective velocities and to quantify the perturbation on the temperature and moisture fields. .
Daniel, Maxime. "Villes, climat urbain et climat régional sur la France : étude par une approche de modélisation climatique couplée." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30278/document.
Full textGreenhouse gas emissions generated by cities play a major role in climate change at a global scale. But cities can also influence the climate at the local and regional scales as they reflect an alteration of land-use that modifies the thermodynamic exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. Impact studies in urban areas focus mainly on the effects of climate change on the local climate of cities (and more broadly on a range of environmental dimensions) using approaches that do not account for the feedback with the atmosphere. The high horizontal resolutions reached by regional climate models make it relevant to include explicit modeling of cities to address city/climate interactions. Coupling the ALADIN regional climate model ALADIN (12 km horizontal resolution) with the SURFEX modeling platform integrating the model of urban canopy TEB allows to evaluate the impact of the urbanization at the regional scale. Sensitivity analyses that compare different urban canopy modeling shows that cities significantly modify the near-surface air temperature. The largest French cities induce a warming day and night, which extends beyond the limits of the city and affects the environment on a regional scale. Comparison of the simulations with long-term time series of observations on the Paris region reveals that the explicit modeling of urban processes with TEB improve the daily dynamics of the urban heat island and its nocturnal intensity compare to the conventional approach of climate models that describes cities as rock. The activation of TEB in the ALADIN model thus makes it possible to represent the impact of cities on the regional climate. Nevertheless, impact studies of climate change on cities require a further downscalling. A simulation was carried out with the AROME model coupled with SURFEX (TEB) at 2.5 km and 1.3 km resolution on the agglomeration of Toulouse for the period covering the CAPITOUL experimental campaign (2004-2005). The benefits of urban parametrization are confirmed. The tests carried out on the different versions of TEB highlight the high sensitivity of the model's performance to the quality of the AROME atmospheric simulations and the accuracy of the surface description. For these resolutions and with the current databases, the most detail parametrization of TEB (turbulent exchanges in the urban canopy, building energy budget, explicit vegetation) do not seem relevant compared to the historical version. New develompents could thus benefits to the AROME-Climat configuration with SURFEX (TEB). In particular, The physics and dynamics of the atmospheric model as well as the accuracy of the databases could be improved. At the same time, various downscalling methods at very high resolution on the cities are envisaged to enhance the spatial resolution needed by the impact studies
Pinson, Laura. "Analyse et représentation des épisodes de caniculaires en zones urbaines denses : de la durée à la conception d'un indice de dangerosité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1061/document.
Full textThe IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in its 4th report underlines that the European cities will be impacted by more frequent and more intense scorching episodes due to the climatic modifications taking place during the XXIth century. Peculiar climatic areas, significantly hotter than their surroundings, cities amplify the phenomenon of the urban heat island (UHI). In the example of Paris, the urban islands of heat can exceed by 8°C to 10°C the temperatures measured a few kilometers away. This effect is all the more fatal as heat wave periods become more and more regular (2003, 2006, 2010, 2015). The knowledge on the heat wave phenomenon requires to put in relation spatial and temporal data so as to define high-risk areas.To be able to simulate a heat wave, the SURFEX-TEB model, designed by Météo-France, and CNRS, was chosen. It allows to estimate the temperature in town from weather conditions of the highest atmospheres. These forecasts are particularly important in heat wave periods where temperature differences between cities and suburban areas can exceed 8°C. The heat wave risk, resulting from the UHI, is complex to both understand and represent.To characterize, understand and represent the heat wave by the means of the SURFEX-TEB model, we made a data fusion with measures realized during the 2015 heat wave in Paris. This assimilation highlights, for instance, the accumulation phenomena and the impact of the apartments configuration on the inside and outside temperatures. Our various configurations allowed to confirm the importance of taking into account the internal temperatures during heat waves periods.This research thus proposes a specific and technical perspective of the heat waves representation. Its objectives are a better representation of heat waves and a sharper estimation of their dangerousness according to the phenomenon duration, its intensity and the urban and human features. Maps describing the heat wave and its dangerousness are highlighted thanks to the elaboration of a public Web site.The results of this research rise an interrogation on the thresholds of heat wave. They underline the importance to introduce an internal threshold of heat wave and demonstrate the role of the urban configuration, particularly the types of house. This should contribute to better take into account the dangerousness of heat waves and to improve the mitigation of their effects
Dumas, Guillaume. "Co-construction d'un réseau d'observation du climat urbain et de services climatiques associés : cas d'application sur la métropole toulousaine." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30256.
Full textThis thesis provides a description of the development of climate services within Toulouse Métropole, France. They are articulated around a automated weather station network for micro-climatology studies, in particular the analysis of air temperature of the urban canopy heat island. The first one decomposes the climate services based on observation networks into distinct objects attached to separate and interacting disciplinary fields. The approach is based on a classification of the bibliography and the work of the World Meteorological Organization on climate services. This part also explains the volontee to mobilize methods relating to participation and in particular co-construction with the purpose to bring work flow and dynamic. While the first axis presents a theoretical, methodological framework for action-research work, the second axis is intended to be its practical application. In other words the transformation of the different components of a climate service based on a measurment network into a technical solution deployed and operational according to international norms and standards. A focus is brought on the choice of measurement sites with the help of thematic maps and a mobile measurement campaign. The third axis, finally, proposes an analysis of the heat island of the Toulouse territory from the data measured by the network. The heat island is approached from the classic angle of the urban/rural dichotomy and according to optimal weather conditions at its formation. In a second step, the approach of weather types is mobilized to deepen the analyses according to various types of weather conditions. Finally, a finer spatial analysis is carried out using Local Climate Zones (LCZ) with a focus on the activity zones (LCZ 8)