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Academic literature on the topic 'Illumination map'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Illumination map"

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Xu, Jun-Peng, Chenyu Zuo, Fang-Lue Zhang, and Miao Wang. "Rendering-Aware HDR Environment Map Prediction from a Single Image." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 2857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i3.20190.

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High dynamic range (HDR) illumination estimation from a single low dynamic range (LDR) image is a significant task in computer vision, graphics, and augmented reality. We present a two-stage deep learning-based method to predict an HDR environment map from a single narrow field-of-view LDR image. We first learn a hybrid parametric representation that sufficiently covers high- and low-frequency illumination components in the environment. Taking the estimated illuminations as guidance, we build a generative adversarial network to synthesize an HDR environment map that enables realistic rendering effects. We specifically consider the rendering effect by supervising the networks using rendering losses in both stages, on the predicted environment map as well as the hybrid illumination representation. Quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves lower relighting errors for virtual object insertion and is preferred by users compared to state-of-the-art methods.
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Christensen, Per H. "Faster Photon Map Global Illumination." Journal of Graphics Tools 4, no. 3 (January 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10867651.1999.10487505.

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Borisagar, Viral H., and Mukesh A. Zaveri. "Disparity Map Generation from Illumination Variant Stereo Images Using Efficient Hierarchical Dynamic Programming." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/513417.

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A novel hierarchical stereo matching algorithm is presented which gives disparity map as output from illumination variant stereo pair. Illumination difference between two stereo images can lead to undesirable output. Stereo image pair often experience illumination variations due to many factors like real and practical situation, spatially and temporally separated camera positions, environmental illumination fluctuation, and the change in the strength or position of the light sources. Window matching and dynamic programming techniques are employed for disparity map estimation. Good quality disparity map is obtained with the optimized path. Homomorphic filtering is used as a preprocessing step to lessen illumination variation between the stereo images. Anisotropic diffusion is used to refine disparity map to give high quality disparity map as a final output. The robust performance of the proposed approach is suitable for real life circumstances where there will be always illumination variation between the images. The matching is carried out in a sequence of images representing the same scene, however in different resolutions. The hierarchical approach adopted decreases the computation time of the stereo matching problem. This algorithm can be helpful in applications like robot navigation, extraction of information from aerial surveys, 3D scene reconstruction, and military and security applications. Similarity measure SAD is often sensitive to illumination variation. It produces unacceptable disparity map results for illumination variant left and right images. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm produces quality disparity maps for both wide range of illumination variant and invariant stereo image pair.
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Middya, Asif Iqbal, Sarbani Roy, and Debjani Chattopadhyay. "CityLightSense: A Participatory Sensing-based System for Monitoring and Mapping of Illumination levels." ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3487364.

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Adequate nighttime lighting of city streets is necessary for safe vehicle and pedestrian movement, deterrent of crime, improvement of the citizens’ perceptions of safety, and so on. However, monitoring and mapping of illumination levels in city streets during the nighttime is a tedious activity that is usually based on manual inspection reports. The advancement in smartphone technology comes up with a better way to monitor city illumination using a rich set of smartphone-equipped inexpensive but powerful sensors (e.g., light sensor, GPS, etc). In this context, the main objective of this work is to use the power of smartphone sensors and IoT-cloud-based framework to collect, store, and analyze nighttime illumination data from citizens to generate high granular city illumination map. The development of high granular illumination map is an effective way of visualizing and assessing the illumination of city streets during nighttime. In this article, an illumination mapping algorithm called Street Illumination Mapping is proposed that works on participatory sensing-based illumination data collected using smartphones as IoT devices to generate city illumination map. The proposed method is evaluated on a real-world illumination dataset collected by participants in two different urban areas of city Kolkata. The results are also compared with the baseline mapping techniques, namely, Spatial k-Nearest Neighbors, Inverse Distance Weighting, Random Forest Regressor, Support Vector Regressor, and Artificial Neural Network.
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Bonin, Keith, Amanda Smelser, Naike Salvador Moreno, George Holzwarth, Kevin Wang, Preston Levy, and Pierre-Alexandre Vidi. "Structured illumination to spatially map chromatin motions." Journal of Biomedical Optics 23, no. 05 (May 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.056007.

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Liu, Weidong, Jiyu Li, Wenbo Zhang, and Le Li. "Underwater image enhancement method with non-uniform illumination based on Retinex and ADMM." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 4 (August 2021): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213940824.

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In order to solve the image blurring and distortion problem caused by underwater non-uniform and low illumination, this paper proposes an underwater image enhancement algorithm based on the Retinex theory and the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Firstly, the L component of the original image in the Lab space is extracted as the initial illumination map, and an Augmented Lagrange Multiplier (ALM) framework is constructed based on the ADMM to optimize the initial illumination map in order to obtain an accurate illumination image. In addition, the illumination map is further corrected in the luminance region with the Gamma Correction. Secondly, combined with the color constancy characteristics in the Retinex theory, the reflected image of the object is obtained. Finally, the bilateral filter is picked to suppress the underwater noise and obtain a more detailed enhanced image. The experimental results show that the underwater image enhancement algorithm can effectively solve the non-uniform illumination problem caused by natural light or artificial light source and improve the underwater image quality, thus having a better performance than other algorithms.
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Dong, Jun, Xue Yuan, and Fanlun Xiong. "Lighting Equilibrium Distribution Maps and Their Application to Face Recognition Under Difficult Lighting Conditions." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 03 (February 2017): 1756003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001417560031.

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In this paper, a novel facial-patch based recognition framework is proposed to deal with the problem of face recognition (FR) on the serious illumination condition. First, a novel lighting equilibrium distribution maps (LEDM) for illumination normalization is proposed. In LEDM, an image is analyzed in logarithm domain with wavelet transform, and the approximation coefficients of the image are mapped according to a reference-illumination map in order to normalize the distribution of illumination energy due to different lighting effects. Meanwhile, the detail coefficients are enhanced to achieve detail information emphasis. The LEDM is obtained by blurring the distances between the test image and the reference illumination map in the logarithm domain, which may express the entire distribution of illumination variations. Then, a facial-patch based framework and a credit degree based facial patches synthesizing algorithm are proposed. Each normalized face images is divided into several stacked patches. And, all patches are individually classified, then each patch from the test image casts a vote toward the parent image classification. A novel credit degree map is established based on the LEDM, which is deciding a credit degree for each facial patch. The main idea of credit degree map construction is the over-and under-illuminated regions should be assigned lower credit degree than well-illuminated regions. Finally, results are obtained by the credit degree based facial patches synthesizing. The proposed method provides state-of-the-art performance on three data sets that are widely used for testing FR under different illumination conditions: Extended Yale-B, CAS-PEAL-R1, and CMUPIE. Experimental results show that our FR frame outperforms several existing illumination compensation methods.
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Hey, Heinrich, and Werner Purgathofer. "Advanced Radiance Estimation For Photon Map Global Illumination." Computer Graphics Forum 21, no. 3 (September 2002): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00704.

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Li, Zhen, Lin Zhou, and Zeqin Lin. "Robust Visual Place Recognition Method for Robot Facing Drastic Illumination Changes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2209, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2209/1/012001.

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Abstract The robustness of visual place recognition determines the accuracy of the SLAM to construct the environmental map. However, when the robot moves in the outdoor environment for a long time, it must face the challenge of drastic illumination changes (time shift, season or rain and fog weather factors), which leads to the robot’s ability to identify places is greatly restricted. This paper proposes a method for visual place recognition that is more robust to severe illumination changes. First, a generative adversarial network is introduced into visual SLAM to enhance the quality of candidate keyframes, and consistency of geographic locations corresponding to images before and after quality enhancement is evaluated, and then the image descriptor with illumination invariance is established for the robot's new observation image and keyframes of the map. Finally, the performance of the method in this paper is tested on the public dataset. The experimental results show that this method is conducive to improving the quality of environmental map nodes, and enables the robot to show a highly robust ability for visual place recognition in the face of severe illumination changes, which provides a powerful tool for robot to build an accurate environmental map.
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Schleicher, Jörg, Jessé C. Costa, and Amélia Novais. "A comparison of imaging conditions for wave-equation shot-profile migration." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 6 (November 2008): S219—S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2976776.

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The application of a deconvolution imaging condition in wave-equation shot-profile migration is important to provide illumination compensation and amplitude recovery. Particularly if the aim is to successfully recover a measure of the medium reflectivity, an imaging condition that destroys amplitudes is unacceptable. We study a set of imaging conditions with illumination compensation. The imaging conditions are evaluated by the quality of the output amplitudes and artifacts produced. In numerical experiments using a vertically inhomogeneous velocity model, the best of all imaging conditions we tested is the one that divides the crosscorrelation of upgoing and downgoing wavefields by the autocorrelation of the downgoing wavefield, also known as the illumination map. In an application to Marmousi data, unconditional division by autocorrelation turned out to be unstable. Effective stabilization was achieved by smoothing the illumination map.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Illumination map"

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Orsvärn, Lukas. "Automatic spotlight distribution for indirect illumination." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3729.

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Context. Indirect illumination – the light contribution from bounce light in an environment – is an important effect when creating realistic images. Historically it has been approximated very poorly by applying a constant ambient term. This approximation is unacceptable if the goal is to create realistic results as bouncing light contributes a lot of light in the real world. Objectives. This thesis proposes a technique to use a reflective shadow map to place and configure spotlights in an environment to approximate global illumination. Methods. The proposed spotlight distribution technique is implemented in a delimited real time graphics engine, and the results are compared to a naive spotlight distribution method. Results. The image resulting from the proposed technique has a lower quality than the comparison in our test scene. Conclusions. The technique could be used in its current state for applications where the view can be controlled by the developer such as in 3D side scrolling games or as a tool to generate editable indirect illumination. Further research needs to be conducted to make it more broadly viable.
Indirekt illuminering är en viktigt effekt om en försöker skapa realistiska bilder. Den här uppsatsen föreslår en teknik där en reflektiv skuggkarta används för att placera och konfigurera strålkastare för att approximera indirekt illuminering. Tekniken kan användas i till exempel sidscrollande 3D spel eller för att skapa ett verktyg som kan användas för att skapa redigerbar indirekt illuminering. Vidare forskning krävs för att göra tekniken rimlig för flera användningsområden.
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Larvy, delariviere Ulysse. "Orientation automatique de carte d'environement autour d'une scene locale." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS024.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons présentons une méthode pour orienter automatiquement une carte d'environnement avec une scène locale.Dans la littérature, de nombreuses méthodes ont besoin d'orienter la carte d'environement pour obtenir une cohérence avec une scène locale. Cette orientation est dans la majorité descas effectuée de manière manuelle par un utilisateur. Nous présentons une méthode pour recaler automatiquement un carte d'environement avec une scène locale. Une caractéristique de notre approche est que nous n'avons pas besoin de créer un modèle 3D complet de la scène locale, ni d'interaction avec l'utilisateur. De plus, nous faisons que de simples hypothèses.Nous proposons un pipeline pour créer une représentation virtuelle de la scène en utilisant nos données d'entrée. Cette représentation comprend la scène globale représentée par la carte d'environement et la scène locale représentée par un objet de référence et son ombre.En utilisant la connaissance de la position de la source lumineuse principale sur la carte d'environnement, nous pouvons simuler l'éclairage et projeter une ombre sur le sol. Il est alors possible de comparer la forme de l'ombre calculée avec celle de l'ombre d'entrée pour récupérer la position correcte de la source lumineuse principale. L'orientation finale de la carte d'environement est directement liée à la position de cette source lumineuse principale.Nous fournissons une évaluation de l'approche proposée en calculant deux métriques qui comparent notre estimation d'angle avec les directions réelles au sol. Notre estimation d'orientation montre que notre méthode récupère une orientation de carte d'environement correcte
In this thesis, we have presented a method to register an environment map with a local scene automatically.In the literature, many methods need to orient the environmental map to be coherent with a local scene. This orientation is mostly done manually by a user. We present a method to register an environment map with a local scene automatically. A characteristic of our approach is that we do not need to create a complete 3D model of the local scene or have interaction with the user. Moreover, we are making simple assumptions.We propose a pipeline to create a virtual representation of the scene using our input data. This representation includes the global scene represented by the environment map and the local scene represented by a reference object and its shadow.By using the knowledge of the position of the main light source on the environment map, we can simulate the lighting and project a computed shadow on the ground. It is possible to compare the computed shadow shape with the input one to recover the correct position of the main light source. The final orientation of the environment map is directly related to the position of this main light source.We provide an evaluation of the proposed approach by calculating two metrics that compare our angle estimate with actual ground truth directions. Our orientation estimation shows that our method recovers a correct environment map orientation.In this thesis, we are interested in real input data. The environment map and the local scene are extracted from photographs or videos, which already contain a lighting rendering. It is therefore important to orient the environment map in a way that is consistent with the existing lighting in the local scene.We propose an automatic method, to orient an environment map to a local scene. This method is inspired by the behavior of light, drawing rays of light towards an object and attempting to match two shadows, one given as input and one calculated.We also use 3D data from the object we are considering. The originality is that we base our method on the way light behaves in order to calculate and match shadows. By matching the shadows, we can estimate the correct position of the environment map
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Guo, Jun. "Further development of shaders for realistic materials and global illumination effects." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76769.

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Shader programming is important for realistic material and global illumination real-time rendering, especially in 3D industrial fields nowadays, more and more customers of Visual Components Oy, a Finnish 3D software company have been found to be no longer only content with the correct simulation result, but also the result of realistic real-time rendering. This thesis project will provide a deep research on real world material classification, property definition and global illumination techniques in industrial fields. On the other hand, the Shader program for different materials and global illumination techniques are also created according to the classification and definition in this thesis work. Moreover, an external rendering tool Redway3D is evaluated as the reference and regarded as the considerable solution in the future development work.
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Bengtsson, Morgan. "Real time global illumination using the GPU." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60770.

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Global illumination is an important factor when striving for photo realism in computergraphics. This thesis describes why this is the case, and why global illumination is considered acomplex problem to solve. The problem becomes even more demanding when considering realtime purposes. Resent research has proven it possible to produce global illumination in realtime. Therefore the subject of this thesis is to compare and evaluate a number of those methods. An implementation is presented based on the Imperfect shadow maps method, which per se isbased on instant radiosity and reflective shadow maps. The implementation is able to renderplausible global illumination effects in real time, for fully dynamic scenes. With conclusions that while it demonstrably is possible to provide believable global illum-ination in real time, it is not without shortcomings. In every case approximations or restrictionshas to be done to some extent, sometimes leading to wrong results. Though in most cases, notvisually unpleasing by a great deal. The final conclusion is that global illumination is possible on current hardware, with believablequality and good speed. Showing great potential for future implementations on next generationof hardware.
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Martanovič, Lukáš. "Výpočet osvětlení ve scéně v reálném čase." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236181.

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This thesis is focused on describing methods of computation of global illumination of 3D graphics scenes in real-time. First chapter contains brief introduction to the issue of global illumination (GI) computation, as well as quick summarisation of principles of most commonly used GI computation approaches. A method of visibility computing for indirect illumination, taking advantage of Imperfect Shadow Mapping, is introduced next. After closer examination of this method and prerequisite algorithms follows a description of its practical implementation, as well as of the structure of simple demonstrative application. Next chapter then contains testing and brief examination and evaluation of resulting program's behaviour. Finally, a possible method extension by means of virtual point light clustering is proposed.
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Buerli, Michael. "Radiance Caching with Environment Maps." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/991.

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The growing demand for realistic renderings in both film and games has led to a number of proposed solutions to the Global Illumination problem. In order to imitate natural lighting, it is necessary to gather indirect illumination of the surrounding environment for lighting computations. This is a computationally expensive problem, requiring the sampling or rasterization of the hemisphere surrounding each ray intersection, to which there is no standardized solution. In this thesis we propose a new method of approximation using environment maps for caching radiance. The proposed method leverages a voxelized scene representation for storing direct illumination and a cache of environment maps for integrating indirect illumination. By using a voxelized scene to gather indirect lighting contributions and caching these contributions spatially, we are able to achieve fast and convincing renders of large complex scenes. The result of our implementation produces images comparable to those of existing Monte Carlo integration methods with render speeds a magnitude or more faster.
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Nečas, Ondřej. "Photon mapping." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236747.

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This thesis deals with practical implementation of photon mapping algorithm. To achieve better results some basic and some more advanced methods of global illumination has been examined. These time demanding algorithms are often practically unusable and their further optimization is necessary. Optimized ray tracer is essential for practical implementation. Computing diffuse interreflection by Monte Carlo sampling is also very time demanding operation. Therefore it is appropriate to use it along with proper interpolation.
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Mikulica, Tomáš. "Light Propagation Volumes." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234902.

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This thesis deals with problem of computation of global illumination in real-time. Two methods are described. Namely Reflective Shadow Maps and Light Propagation Volumes. The first of them deals with the problem by using extended Shadow Mapping algorithm. The second one uses scene embedded into a 3D grid together with Spherical harmonics to compute light propagation in the scene. Furthermore this thesis contains results of measurement of the rendering speed of the Light Propagation Volumes algorithm with various settings on several machines. Quality of the resulting output of the algorithm is also evaluated.
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Cassagnabère, Christophe. "Etude et implémentation d'algorithmes d'illumination globale stochastiques accélérés par le matériel." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0167.

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Les méthodes stochastiques de Monte-Carlo représentent une solution élégante permettant de calculer des effets d'illumination globale de manière plus réaliste que d'autres algorithmes de rendus. Toutefois, le principal inconvénient de ces méthodes réside dans les temps de calcul conséquents qu'ils immpliquent la plupart du temps. Que ce soit par l'utilisation de structures de données hiérarchiques ou par la distribution des calculs sur un cluster d'ordinateurs personnels en passant par l'implémentation sur une architecture de type super-ordinateur, nombre de méthodes existent en vues d'améliorer les performances des algorithmes de Monte-Carlo en terme de temps de rendu. Nous apportons une contribution à ce domaine très actif en abordant la question sous plusieurs angles. D'une part nous proposons une étude approfondie d'un serveur de calcul commercial dédié au calcul de lancer de rayons, et nous proposons une méthode afin d'étendre le champ d'appliqations de ce serveur aux techniques de Monte-Carlo pour le rendu. D'autre part, nous présentons une méthode de classification des rayons au sein et une reconstruction des algorithmes de Monte-Carlo classiques, permettant ainsi une utilisation efficace des cartes graphiques programmables récentes pour l'accélération du calcul d'intersections intervenants dans le processus. Enfin nous proposons l'architecture logicielle modulable IGLOO, conçue dans le cadre de cette thèse afin de disposer au sein du Laboratoire d'Informatique du Littoral d'une plate-forme de développement et de comparaison des techniques de Monte-Carlo commune servant de base à de nombreux projets en cours dans le cadre d'autres travaux
Monte-Carlo methods are elegant and efficient solutions for computing realistic global illumination effects far better than most other algorithms. However the main drawback of these methods appears in the important rendering times involved by such techniques. By using adapted hierarchical data structures, distributing the main part of computations on a large personal computer cluster or even designing a specific dedicated software for a specific supercomputer architecture, many solutions exist, trying to improve Monte-Carlo algorithms performances from a rendering time point of view. In our work we contribute to this particularly active research topic and we approach it in several and complementary ways. First of all we propose a near complete study of ray-tracing dedicated server, and we propose to extend ots capabilities to the use of Monte-Carlo methods for rendering. Then, we present a specific method of our own in order to classify rays and an adapted rebuild of classical Monte-Carlo algorithms, so we can efficiently use modern programmable graphics cards to accelerate intersections tests involved in the rendering process. Last but not least, we present the IGLOO modular software architecture. It has been designed and implemented during this thesis in order to permit the whole LIL Laboratory to benefit from a commune development and benchmark platform for Monte-Carlo methods. This architecture is at the basis of many other thesis works actually in progress
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Haddad, Élise. "Le bien à l’épreuve du mal. À partir du tympan de Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne : adversité apocalyptique et image analogiste." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0060.

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1. Iconographie à Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne.Le portail de Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne est une œuvre majeure du xiie siècle. Pourtant, jusqu’à présent, les registres inférieurs du tympan étaient décrits de manière insatisfaisante comme une masse de créatures. La première partie de cette thèse est une lecture iconographique du tympan puis de l’ensemble de l’édifice par méthode comparative sérielle.L'Apocalypse est la référence principale du tympan. Les trois créatures du linteau représentent la Bête de la Terre, la Bête de la Mer et le Dragon, tirées de l'Apocalypse 13. Leur manifestation comme anti-trinité est une incarnation du mal. Mais les quatre créatures au niveau intermédiaire sont des locustes, c'est-à-dire un fléau envoyé par Dieu. S’y ajoutent plusieurs micro-motifs, tels que les roses végétales ou les têtes crachant des rubans. Mes interprétations iconographiques fondent une compréhension renouvelée de la composition. Le tympan de Beaulieu offre une perspective sur les événements apocalyptiques centrée sur la notion d’épreuve : les épreuves eschatologiques et les épreuves de la vie, les efforts et tentations y compris celles du Christ, construisent un réseau de motifs analogiques à travers le portail. J’ai nommé ce thème : « adversité apocalyptique ».2. Adversité apocalyptique.À partir du ve siècle, il est admis que l'Apocalypse symbolise le présent. Or le tympan de Beaulieu associe seconde Parousie et bêtes apocalyptiques. C’est que certains passages dans les commentaires apocalyptiques montrent que les théologiens jusqu’au xiie siècle interprètent le texte à la fois comme une clef métaphorique au présent et comme une annonce au futur. Une fois identifiés et déchiffrés, ces motifs d'épreuves apocalyptiques sont repérables en contexte eschatologique dans de nombreux monuments romans et du premier gothique. Certains étaient encore non identifiés, comme la locuste de Schloss Tirol. Quelques compositions monumentales incluant des épreuves apocalyptiques ont été décrites par leurs contemporains mais plus tard détruites, comme à Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire.Au milieu du xiiie siècle, des images apocalyptiques sont réutilisées par des penseurs hétérodoxes, puis par des mouvements subversifs comme celui des Flagellants à partir de 1256, suivis d'un certain nombre de mouvements millénaristes. Dès ce moment, une partie de l’iconographie apocalyptique devient suspecte et disparaît des représentations monumentales pour quelques siècles.3. Analyse anthropologique.La série des images apocalyptiques documente le passage d'une ontologie analogiste à l’ontologie naturaliste contemporaine. Suivant la théorie de l'anthropologue Philippe Descola, la première, issue d'un cadre de discontinuités tant dans les matériaux physiques qu’entre les êtres spirituels, se caractérise par un usage constant de l'analogie afin de réconcilier les réalités fragmentées du cosmos. L'ontologie naturaliste, quant à elle, oppose réalité matérielle continue régie par des lois scientifiques naturelles, et discontinuité dans les mondes culturels et psychologiques des êtres humains et non-humains. Les traits de la figuration analogiste sont pertinents pour comprendre des images romanes dont la valeur est plutôt cosmologique qu’exégétique. Il en va ainsi des séries de figures animales situées autour du portail de Moissac, ou en façade de Notre-Dame La Grande, à Poitiers. Notre corpus peut aussi éclairer la mutation ontologique. Les critères en sont multiples : la structure des images, leur référence thématique, l’usage de motifs comme l’hybridation, la place donnée aux créatures non-humaines, etc. Dès le xiiiᵉ siècle, les formes les plus complexes de la figuration analogiste reculent et un certain nombre d’éléments disparaissent, tels que la prolixité dans l’hybridation. Ces jalons très précoces permettent de mieux saisir la complexité de la trajectoire qui aboutit au naturalisme, à partir du xvᵉ siècle dans les images et de manière systématique dans les textes au xviiᵉ siècle
. Iconography in Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne.The Beaulieu portal is a major landmark of the Twelfth Century. However, the lower levels of the tympanum have so far been described unsatisfactorily as an indistinct mass of evil creatures. The first part of this thesis is an iconographic reading of the tympanum, then of the whole building, by serial comparative method.On the tympanum, the Apocalypse is the main reference. The three creatures in the lintel represent the Beast of the Earth, the Beast of the Sea and the Dragon, taken from Revelation 13. Their ironic manifestation as anti-trinity must be understood as the incarnation of Evil. On the other hand, the four creatures at the intermediate level are locusts, that is a plague, but sent by God. Finally, there are a multitude of micro-motifs, such as vegetal roses or ribbons-spitting heads. Iconographic interpretations are the basis for a renewed understanding of the composition. Beaulieu's tympanum is a thematic perspective on the end times and apocalyptic events, centred on the notion of trial: eschatological trials and the trials of terrestrial life. The efforts and temptations, including the temptation of Christ, build a network of analogical motifs through the portal. I have named this theme: "apocalyptic adversity".2. Apocalyptic adversity. It is commonly accepted that from the 5th century, Revelation is interpreted as a symbolic representation of the present. However, Beaulieu's tympanum associates second Parousia and apocalyptic beasts. In fact, some passages in apocalyptic commentaries show that many theologians until the Twelfth Century interpret the text with fluidity both as a metaphorical key to the present and as a possible eschatological announcement. Once identified and deciphered, the apocalyptic motifs are visible in eschatological contexts in many Romanesque and early Gothic monuments. Some of them were previously unidentified, such as the locust in Schloss Tirol. Some monumental compositions including elements of apocalyptic trials had been described by their contemporaries but later destroyed, as in Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. In the middle of the Thirteenth Century, apocalyptic images were reused by heterodox thinkers, then by subversive movements such as the Flagellants from 1256, followed by movements often referred to as millenarists. From that moment, much of the apocalyptic iconography became suspicious and disappeared from monumental representations for a few centuries. 3. Anthropological analysis of images. The series of apocalyptic images also documents the transition from analogist ontology to contemporary naturalist ontology. According to the theory of anthropologist Philippe Descola, the first, resulting from discontinuities both in physical materials and between spiritual beings, is characterized by a constant use of analogy, in order to reconcile the fragmented realities of the cosmos. Naturalistic ontology, on the other hand, contrasts a continuous material reality governed by natural scientific laws, with a discontinuity in the cultural and psychological worlds of human and non-human beings. The features of analogist figuration are relevant to many Romanesque images, whose value is more cosmological than exegetical. This is the case for the series of animal figures located around the Moissac gate, or on the façade of Notre-Dame La Grande in Poitiers. Our corpus can also shed light onto the ontological mutation. The criteria are manifold. They concern the structure of the images, their thematic reference, the use of certain motifs such as hybridization, the place given to non-human creatures, etc. From the xiiiᵉ century, the most complex forms of analogist figuration recede. Then a certain number of elements gradually appear, such as hybridization. These early milestones make it possible to better understand the complexity of the trajectory leading to naturalism, starting from xvᵉ century in the images, and systematically in the texts in xviiᵉ century
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Books on the topic "Illumination map"

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The christian topography of Kosmas Indikipleustes: Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 9.28 : the map of the universe redrawn in the Sixth century. Roma: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2013.

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Bibliotheek, Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht. Bijzonder onderzoek: Een ontdekkingsreis door de bijzondere collecties van de Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht. [Utrecht]: Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht, 2009.

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Zissmann, Claude. Des Fleurs du mal aux Illuminations: L'envers de l'œuvre. Paris: Bossu Bitor, 1991.

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Loos, Anita. But gentlemen marry brunettes: The illuminating diary of a professional lady. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2004.

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Loos, Anita. But gentlemen marry brunettes: The illuminating diary of a professional lady. London: Penguin Books, 1992.

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Herkner, Maria. Reichenauer Buchmalerei: Faksimiles und ihre Vorläufer : Ausstellung in der Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2. Mai bis 2. Juni 1995. Konstanz: Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 1995.

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Loos, Anita. Gentlemen prefer blondes: The illuminating diary of a professional lady. New York: Liveright Pub. Corp., 1998.

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Loos, Anita. Gentlemen prefer blondes: The illuminating diary of a professional lady. London: The Folio Society, 1985.

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Loos, Anita. Gentlemen prefer blondes: The illuminating diary of a professional lady. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2004.

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Loos, Anita. Gentlemen prefer blondes: The illuminating diary of a professional lady. London: Penguin Books, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Illumination map"

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Shimano, Mihoko, Kenji Nagao, Takahiro Okabe, Imari Sato, and Yoichi Sato. "Face Recognition Under Varying Illumination Based on MAP Estimation Incorporating Correlation Between Surface Points." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2006, 569–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11612032_58.

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Urquhart, Neil, and Emma Hart. "Optimisation and Illumination of a Real-World Workforce Scheduling and Routing Application (WSRP) via Map-Elites." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XV, 488–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99253-2_39.

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Chandran, Usha. "One Movement Illuminating Another." In China's May Fourth Movement, 136–48. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003362470-11.

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Sponsel, Leslie E. "Sacred Caves of the World: Illuminating the Darkness." In The Changing World Religion Map, 503–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_25.

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Kenneth, Mary Ogbuka, Bashir Adebayo Sulaimon, Shafii Muhammad Abdulhamid, and Laud Charles Ochei. "A Systematic Literature Review on Face Morphing Attack Detection (MAD)." In Illumination of Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity and Forensics, 139–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93453-8_7.

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Voigt, Christian C., and Daniel Lewanzik. "Evidenzbasierter Fledermausschutz bei Beleuchtungsvorhaben im Außenbereich." In Evidenzbasiertes Wildtiermanagement, 199–230. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65745-4_8.

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ZusammenfassungAus Sicht des Naturschutzes tangiert Lichtverschmutzung vor allem die Lebensräume von nachtaktiven Tieren, zum Beispiel die der Fledermäuse. Dieses Kapitel bietet eine strukturierte Übersicht darüber, in welchem Umfang sich Lichtverschmutzung auf Fledermäuse negativ auswirken kann und wie sich unter der Maßgabe des hohen nationalen und internationalen Schutzstatus von Fledermäusen dieser negative Einfluss von Lichtverschmutzung vermeiden oder reduzieren lässt. Die aktuellen Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass vor allem an solchen Orten Fledermäuse künstliches Licht meiden, an denen sie für Beutegreifer vorhersehbar anzutreffen sind. Hierzu zählen vor allem Quartieröffnungen und Trinkstellen sowie für einzelne Arten auch Flugkorridore. Bei der Jagd meiden vor allem waldbewohnende und langsam fliegende Arten künstliches Licht bei Nacht, während hingegen schnell fliegende Fledermausarten, die im offenen Luftraum oder an Randstrukturen (Waldränder, Häuserschluchten) nach Nahrung suchen, mitunter Insekten an Lichtquellen jagen. Als besonders wirksame Maßnahmen, um Fledermäuse vor Lichtverschmutzung zu schützen, sind an erster Stelle die Vermeidung von Lichtquellen, die Reduzierung der Lichtintensitäten und die Abblendung von Streulicht, insbesondere in der Nähe von Quartieren und an potenziellen Trinkstellen, zu nennen. Ein Rückbau von Beleuchtungsquellen an sensiblen Quartierstandorten oder Trinkstellen ist aus Sicht des Fledermausschutzes ratsam, ebenso eine Umstellung auf neue Beleuchtungstypen mit fokussiertem Lichtstrahl und ohne ultraviolettes (UV) Spektrum. Schattenspendende Vegetation kann einerseits das Streulicht reduzieren, andererseits aufgrund der höheren Insektenabundanz zu einer größeren Anlockwirkung von künstlichen Lichtquellen für einige relativ häufige Fledermausarten führen. Eine temporäre Beleuchtung zu Beginn der Nacht wirkt sich unterschiedlich auf verschiedene Fledermausarten aus; vermutlich in Abhängigkeit von ihrem nächtlichen Jagdrhythmus. In ähnlicher Weise könnte eine durch Bewegungsmelder gesteuerte Beleuchtung besonders in wenig frequentierten Gegenden zur Reduzierung von Lichtverschmutzung beitragen, wobei die Auswirkungen einer solchen Steuerung auf Fledermäuse noch nicht im Detail erforscht sind. Eine Beleuchtung von sensiblen Lebensräumen mit einem rötlichen oder orangefarbenen anstatt mit einem weißen Lichtspektrum könnte Dunkelkorridore erhalten und potenziell der Fragmentierung der Landschaft durch Lichtverschmutzung entgegenwirken.SummaryFrom a conservation point of view, light pollution is mostly affecting nocturnal animals, such as bats. This chapter provides a structured compilation about the extent at which light pollution impacts bats and how to avoid and mitigate the negative effects of light pollution on bats based on the high level of protection bats are benefiting from on the national and international scale. The recent literature demonstrates that bats are most affected by light pollution at places where they are most visible and well predictable for predators. This is most apparent for roost openings and drinking sites, and for some species as well for flight corridors. Most forest bats and slow-flying species avoid artificial light at night, whereas fast-flying bats foraging in the open space or at edges (forest edges or street ‘canyons’) may hunt insects at street lamps. The most efficient way to reduce the negative impact of artificial light at night on bats is to avoid its installation, to reduce its intensity or to avoid light scatter beyond the target area; particularly in the vicinity of daytime roosts and potential drinking sites. Removing light sources from sensitive roost or drinking sites seems advisable from the perspective of bat conservation. A transition of light sources to modern luminaires with a focused beam and without UV light serves bat conservation as well. On the one hand, vegetation may reduce the light scatter and thus help light sensitive species. On the other hand, vegetation may increase the overall abundance of insects and may thus make light sources attractive for bats when hunting for insects lured by street lanterns. A part-time lighting scheme affects bat species in a diverse manner, most likely reflecting to what extent the part-time lighting interferes with the activity rhythm of bats. Similarly, using motion-sensor-controlled lighting could reduce light pollution particularly in less frequented areas, although the effects of such an adaptive control have not been investigated in detail. Illuminating sensitive habitats with a red or orange instead of white lighting may preserve dark corridors and thus counteract the fragmentation caused by light pollution at the landscape level.
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Christensen, Per. "Faster Photon Map Global Illumination." In Graphics Tools---The jgt Editors' Choice, 241–51. A K Peters/CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10628-30.

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Miller, Lee. "I Worked with Man Ray." In Illuminations, 74–75. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003135630-13.

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Smith, Brian L. "Global Illumination." In 3ds Max Design Architectural Visualization, 285–306. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-240-82107-8.50012-x.

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Autodesk. "Indirect Illumination and Exposure Control." In Learning Autodesk 3ds Max Design 2010: Essentials, 468–81. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-024081193-2.50028-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Illumination map"

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Lichtenegger, Felix, Claude Leiner, Christian Sommer, Andreas Weiss, Franz-Peter Wenzl, and Ziad Salem. "Simulation of fingerprinting based Visible Light Positioning without the need of prior map generation." In Illumination Optics VI, edited by Tina E. Kidger and Stuart David. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2596841.

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Kohonen, Oili, Markku Hauta-Kasari, Jussi Parkkinen, and Timo Jaaskelainen. "Co-occurrence matrix and self-organizing map-based query from spectral image database." In ICO20:Illumination, Radiation, and Color Technologies, edited by Dazun Zhao, M. R. Luo, and Hirohisa Yaguchi. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.668059.

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Forkner, John F., and Ron Rykowski. "Computed and Measured Illumination Beam-Waist Phenomena." In International Optical Design Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iodc.1994.nisi.300.

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Computer generated beam maps are shown for three applications having very different physical dimensions. The large scale application is a theater spotlight. At an intermediate scale, beam maps used to study the transmission characteristics of a fiber coupling optical system are also shown. At the smallest scale, the waist map and beam cross-sections are shown for a study of the depth-of-focus characteristics around the image of a fiber-optic imaging bundle.
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Goradia, Rhushabh, Anil Kanakanti, Sharat Chandran, and Amitava Datta. "Visibility map for global illumination in point clouds." In the 5th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1321261.1321269.

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Lian, Zhichao, Meng Joo Er, and Juekun Li. "A novel illumination normalization method based on local relation map." In 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2012.6360731.

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Tamura, P. N., and C. J. Coppock. "3-D Vision Through Digitally Controlled Illumination." In Machine Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mv.1987.fa1.

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Santra, Sanchayan, Ranjan Mondal, Pranoy Panda, Nishant Mohanty, and Shubham Bhuyan. "Image Dehazing via Joint Estimation of Transmittance Map and Environmental Illumination." In 2017 Ninth International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition (ICAPR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icapr.2017.8593161.

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Arandjelovi, Ognjen. "Gradient Edge Map Features for Frontal Face Recognition under Extreme Illumination Changes." In British Machine Vision Conference 2012. British Machine Vision Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.26.12.

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Feng, Zhuang, and Shijie Hao. "Low-Light Image Enhancement by Refining Illumination Map with Self-Guided Filtering." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Knowledge (ICBK). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbk.2017.37.

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John, V., K. Yoneda, B. Qi, Z. Liu, and S. Mita. "Traffic light recognition in varying illumination using deep learning and saliency map." In 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2014.6958056.

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Reports on the topic "Illumination map"

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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emma Ambrogi, Eftihia Barnes, and Jonathon Brame. CuO enhances the photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ through synergistic reactive oxygen species interactions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42131.

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Iron oxide (α-Fe₂O₃, hematite) colloids were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and investigated as catalysts for the photodegradation of an organic dye under broad-spectrum illumination. To enhance photocatalytic performance, Fe₂O₃ was combined with other transition-metal oxide (TMO) colloids (e.g., CuO and ZnO), which are sensitive to different regions of the solar spectrum (far visible and ultraviolet, respectively), using a ternary blending approach for compositional mixtures. For a variety of ZnO/Fe₂O₃/CuO mole ratios, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for methyl orange degradation was at least double the sum of the individual Fe₂O₃ and CuO rate constants, indicating there is an underlying synergy governing the photocatalysis reaction with these combinations of TMOs. A full compositional study was carried out to map the interactions between the three TMOs. Additional experiments probed the identity and role of reactive oxygen species and elucidated the mechanism by which CuO enhanced Fe₂O₃ photodegradation while ZnO did not. The increased photocatalytic performance of Fe2O3 in the presence of CuO was associated with hydroxyl radical ROS, consistent with heterogeneous photo-Fenton mechanisms, which are not accessible by ZnO. These results imply that low-cost photocatalytic materials can be engineered for high performance under solar illumination by selective pairing of TMOs with compatible ROS.
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Matthews, Lisa, Guanming Wu, Robin Haw, Timothy Brunson, Nasim Sanati, Solomon Shorser, Deidre Beavers, Patrick Conley, Lincoln Stein, and Peter D'Eustachio. Illuminating Dark Proteins using Reactome Pathways. Reactome, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221027matthews.

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Diseases are often the consequence of proteins or protein complexes that are non-functional or that function improperly. An active area of research has focused on the identification of molecules that can interact with defective proteins and restore their function. While 22% percent of human proteins are estimated to be druggable, less than fifteen percent are targeted by FDA-approved drugs, and the vast majority of untargeted proteins are understudied or so-called "dark" proteins. Elucidation of the function of these dark proteins, particularly those in commonly drug-targeted protein families, may offer therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Reactome is the most comprehensive, open-access pathway knowledgebase covering 2585 pathways and including 14246 reactions, 11088 proteins, 13984 complexes, and 1093 drugs. Placing dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways provides a framework of reference for these proteins facilitating the generation of hypotheses for experimental biologists to develop targeted experiments, unravel the potential functions of these proteins, and then design drugs to manipulate them. To this end, we have trained a random forest with 106 protein/gene pairwise features collected from multiple resources to predict functional interactions between dark proteins and proteins annotated in Reactome and then developed three scores to measure the interactions between dark proteins and Reactome pathways based on enrichment analysis and fuzzy logic simulations. Literature evidence via manual checking and systematic NLP-based analysis support predicted interacting pathways for dark proteins. To visualize dark proteins in the context of Reactome pathways, we have also developed a new website, idg.reactome.org, by extending the Reactome web application with new features illustrating these proteins together with tissue-specific protein and gene expression levels and drug interactions.
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CIE 245:2021 Optical Safety of Infrared Eye Trackers Applied for Extended Durations. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.245.2021.

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Infrared eye trackers are employed to achieve communication through gaze interaction, which is an important application of modern electro-optics and computer technology to the benefit of persons with disabilities who have major motor impairments, as well as for general use as a human-to-computer interaction device. By tracking eye movements of persons with severe motor disabilities, the individuals can interact with automated equipment through movements of their gaze. In addition to purely passive systems, which may only employ ambient lighting, more typical eye trackers employ active infrared eye-tracking techniques. However, questions have arisen with regard to the potential optical radiation hazards of using infrared eye trackers for the much-extended durations of 10 to 12 hours each day for a lifetime. Conventional eye trackers employed in the research setting would rarely be used for more than an hour. Several exposure guidelines exist today, but the question has arisen whether the chronic nature of exposure for such an infrared illuminator for assistive devices falls outside the assumed conditions of daily exposure. This technical report explores the basis of the current human exposure guidelines, their scientific basis and underlying assumptions in order to determine the direct applicability of these guidelines to this application. It is found that the most limiting exposure criterion is the infrared exposure limit to protect against delayed changes in the crystalline lens of the eye. The Technical Committee also examined some representative eye trackers and found that the day-long average exposure in these typical examples of current technology did not exceed that criterion.
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