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Journal articles on the topic 'Illuminati'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

M. Farkhan M, Ani Choirun Nisa,. "SIMBOL ORDO ILLUMINATI DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIO KULTURAL MUSLIM DI ARAB SAUDI: ANALISIS SEMIOTIK SIMBOLIK." Jurnal CMES 9, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.9.1.11732.

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<p>Illumination Ordo is one of the international secret organization. The aim of this organization is to build a new world arrangement which has a significant role in several countries. And Saudi Arabia is one of those countries.This study discussed the history factors that lie behind the phenomenon of the use of Ordo Illuminati symbols by moslem in Saudi Arabia and Aspects of life that associated with the use of Ordo Illuminati symbols in Saudi Arabia.The method of this study was descriptive qualitative by using library research technique which followed 4 steps; they are: (1) making a research plan, (2) collecting the data, (3) analyzing the data, (4) and writing the report. Moreover, the theory used in this study was semiotic symbolic which is proposed by Charles Sander Pierce. Based on this study, there are two conclusions; they are: (1) the history factor that lie behind the phenomenon of the use of Ordo Illuminati symbols by moslem in Saudi Arabia. (2) Aspects of life that associated with the use of Ordo Illuminati symbols in Saudi Arabia.</p>

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2

Arifin, Faizal. "Strategi Adam Weishaupt dalam Pembentukan Weisha Organisasi Politik Illuminati Tahun 1776." Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35706/jpi.v3i2.1662.

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his background of this research has emerged from various facts and myths about the Illuminati, after Dan Brawn published the popular novel Da Vinci Code. The Illuminati is a secret society founded in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt. Methods used for this research is historical methods, that consists of heuristics, critics, interpretation and historiography, because the aspects of the study are past and related to various archives or old documents. The main problem of this research is to conduct a historical study of the founding of the Illuminati by Weishaupt from the historical perspective. This research presents a brief biography of Adam Weishaupt who was a German academic that influenced by the thoughts of the Age of Enlightenment. Weishaupt had a vision of replacing the government and power of the Catholic Church with a new government. To accomplish this political mission, Weishaupt formed a secret society by recruiting elite groups and intellectuals as members, reaching up to 2,000-3,000 people. In line with this mission, the Illuminati were supported by Protestant princes, Reformed (Lutherans and Calvinists), German and European nobles. Financially, Weishaupt was supported by the family of the banking millionaire, Rothschild. Weishaupt also adopted the Freemasonry system into the Illuminati in terms of secrecy, concealment, membership levels and other matters. Weishaupt's political goal orientation made him also learned from the Jesuits about organizing political missions. Weishaupt and Illuminati should be suspected of having an urgent role in the occurrence of the great events of the French Revolution.Kata kunci : Illuminati, Pencerahan, Freemasonry, Yahudi, Okultisme.

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3

Pag�s, Yves. "Le pseudo-complot Illuminati." Revue du Crieur N�1, no. 1 (2015): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/crieu.001.0128.

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4

Yusuf, Feby Meuthia, and Hendro Hotni Rohana Sihotang. "The Symbol of Illuminati in Murder Case as Seen in Dan Brown Angels and Demons." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2024): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v7i2.671.

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This research discusses a literary work by Dan Brown, namely a novel entitled Angels and Demons which was first published in 2000. Dan Brown is an American writer who was popular in the 2000s. Angels and Demons is a novel that tells readers about the struggle of a professor in solving an Illuminati symbol puzzle in a murder case that occurred at the Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire and the Vatican.This novel tells the story of a symbology professor, Robert Langdon, who tries to solve the mystery of the Illuminati symbol in a murder case committed by the Illuminati (an ancient underground fraternity group) who tried to destroy the Vatican. Where he got help from Vettra (adopted son of the murdered professor at CERN, Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) who is also a researcher from the Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire.In analyzing the problems found, the author uses objective theory as a tool to solve problems. Through the use of this theory, the novel Angels and Demons becomes an object for analysis. To support objective theory, structural theory is used in this research. This theory is used to analyze the structures contained in the novel. This research will focus on analyzing the story in the novel. The approach used is a semiotic approach as a way to analyze the signs or symbols in the novel, and to connect the story and symbols in the novel with existing science and reality.After analyzing the novel, three main factors were found in the mystery of the Illuminati symbol. The first factor is the mystery of the emergence of the Illuminati in the case of the murder of a scientist with an Illuminati symbol stamped on his body. The second factor is the mystery of the Illuminati symbols that appeared in the murder case, and the last is about the motive for the theft and murder case that occurred among the Pope candidates who will take part in the Pope's selection at the Vatican.

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5

Lestari, Winda Yunita, and Freddy Yusanto. "Simbol Illuminati dalam Video Klip." ProTVF 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ptvf.v3i1.20939.

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6

Salman and Dr. Rani Tiwari. "Use of Conspiracy Theories in The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea." Creative Launcher 7, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.6.24.

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Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea both have been influenced by anarchism, Discordianism and conspiracy theories. They both use conspiracy theories about Illuminati, knights Templars, Freemasons and New World Order, anti-semitism, end time prophecies of the Bible and world domination plans etc. Their main genre of writing is conspiracy fiction. Conspiracy fiction is a sub-genre of thriller fiction. Both the authors have filled their works with various types of conspiracy theories and thrilling feel. The focus of the present research paper is on the use of conspiracy theories in The Illuminatus! Trilogy. Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea made this trilogy one of the best works in the field of conspiracy fiction. Although the writers have used several of them, in the present paper only use of the New World Order conspiracy theories and secret societies, especially the Illuminati conspiracy theories will be analyzed. The study of conspiracy theories is an emerging field and little work has been done on this topic. So, the present paper will enrich the information about conspiracy theories and conspiracy fiction.

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7

Modlin, Irvin M., and Gary P. Lawton. "Observations on the Gallic Gastric Illuminati." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 39, no. 4 (1996): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1996.0013.

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8

Bruno, Cheryl L. "Strangite Masonry and the Order of Illuminati." Journal of Mormon History 47, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jmormhist.47.3.0001.

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9

Cushing, Ellen, and Pauline Toulet. "Du temps où je croyais aux Illuminati." Books N° 110, no. 9 (August 8, 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/books.110.0052.

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10

Barczentewicz, Mikołaj. "The Illuminati Problem and Rules of Recognition." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 38, no. 3 (2018): 500–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqy014.

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11

AYTEKİN, Halil. "İlluminati Şeytanın Yılı'nda Satanist Örgüt ve Yeni Dünya Düzeni." Journal of Turkish Studies 8, Volume 8 Issue 10 (January 1, 2013): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.5929.

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12

Spearman, Timothy. "Princess Di (e): Illuminati Ritual Sacrifice by Cainite Royals." South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 02, no. 01 (January 15, 2020): 51–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2020.v02i01.011.

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13

Mulsow, Martin. "»Ueber die Entwicklung unsrer Geisteskräfte«." Scientia Poetica 21, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scipo-2017-0003.

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AbstractThis article presents a heretofore unknown and anonymous handwritten essay, found in the ›Schwedenksite‹, the papers of the Central German Illuminati, with commentary by Karl Leonhard Reinhold. The essay - probably written in 1786 - offers a materialistic developmental psychology, according to which the sensations are physical, not mental, and pleasure triggers the development of the drives before it is restricted by the drive of conservation. It further posits that there is an instinct for ›freedom of thought‹, which promotes an everincreasing awareness of one’s own instinctual structure and thus a greater independence from it. Moral behaviour is also understood as a conscious agreement with the laws of nature and as a reciprocal co-operation for greater ›freedom of thought‹. Although the author of the essay is not known, he may have applied for admission to the Illuminati with this essay. He could be from the circle of the philanthropic movement, which connected a sensualist philosophy with educational ideals.

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14

FRASER, GORDON. "Conspiracy, Pornography, Democracy: The Recurrent Aesthetics of the American Illuminati." Journal of American Studies 54, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875818001408.

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This essay examines reactionary, countersubversive fictions produced in the context of two conspiracy theories in the United States: the Illuminati crisis (1798–1800) and Pizzagate (2016–17). The author suggests that both cases emblematize a pornotropic aesthetic, a racialized sadomasochism that recurs across United States culture. Building on the work of Hortense Spillers, Alexander Weheliye, Jennifer Christine Nash, and others, this essay argues that observers should understand countersubversive political reaction as an aesthetic project, a pornotropic fantasy that distorts underlying conditions of racial subjection. In the context of a resurgent far right that describes its enemies as “cuckolds” and frequently deploys the tropes of highly racialized pornography, this essay suggests that we might find the deep origins of pornographic, reactionary paranoia in the eighteenth century. It suggests, moreover, that understanding and contesting the underlying conditions of racial subjection require that scholars consider the power of pornotropic, countersubversive aesthetics to bring pleasure, to move people, and to order the world.

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Fauhatun, Fathin, and Nunu Burhanuddin. "The Spirituality of Modern Society: Between Escapism and The Illuminati." Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v6i2.8450.

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16

Utomo, Ardian, Widhihatmini, Dewi Warhamni, and Ikke Widianti. "Discourse of the Symbols Meaning in Exo's 'Mama' Music Video Clips." CandraRupa : Journal of Art, Design, and Media 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37802/candrarupa.v2i1.333.

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Video klip kelompok musik Exo berjudul ‘Mama’ memberikan beragam persepsi di kalangan masyarakat terutama pecinta musik pop Korea mengenai simbol-simbol yang ada di dalamnya. Simbol adalah bagian dari komunikasi yang menuntut masyarakat menggunakan persepsi untuk dapat memahami makna yang terkandung di dalamnya. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan informan memberikan persepsi bahwa simbol yang ada dalam video musik Exo berjudul ‘Mama’ hanyalah sebuah seni dan sebagai pendukung sebuah cerita dalam video klip musik tersebut. Selain itu persepsi yang dimunculkan bahwa simbol yang ada dalam video klip musik Exo tersebut memiliki keterkaitan dengan suatu kepercayaan tertentu dalam hal ini menyerupai lambang dan simbol Illuminati. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan persepsi tidak terjadi begitu saja, tidak hanya karena reseptor indra terhadap suatu objek yang ada tetapi hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya faktor internal dan eksternal. Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkapkan penggunaan simbol-simbol yang identik dengan Illuminati dimana tidak banyak penelitian sejenis yang mengkaji hal tersebut. Disarankan bagi penelitian selanjutnya bisa mencermati penggunaan simbol dalam tayangan video klip music dan berupaya mengungkapkan makna yang ada didalamnya sehingga dapat membantu masyarakat memberikan pemaknaan yang tepat.

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17

Colby, Rebekah Shultz, and Steve Holmes. "Cultivating ethical gameplay dispositions through the materiality of gameplay in Illuminati." Computers and Composition 65 (September 2022): 102724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2022.102724.

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18

Lieb, Michael. "BROTHERHOOD OF THE ILLUMINATI: MILTON, GALILEO, AND THE POETICS OF CONSPIRACY." Milton Studies 47 (January 1, 2008): 54–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26395887.

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19

Syam, Muh Taufiq. "The Propaganda Expressions in “Angel and Demon” Novel by Dan Brown." LETS 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46870/lets.v1i1.10.

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This research studied about the kinds of propaganda expressions and what messages are conveyed through the propaganda expressions in Angel and Demon novel by Dan Brown. The research used the propaganda theory by Harold Laswell, that divided in four kinds; agitation, integration, horizontally and vertically propaganda. In the methodology of research, the writer used descriptive qualitative method and intrinsic and extrinsic approach. In this research, the writer found there are some expressions that contain agitation propaganda, integration propaganda, horizontally propaganda and vertically propaganda that could be giving influence to the reader. In general, an expression of propaganda in “Angel and Demon” novel by Dan Brown wants to change the mindset of people towards their views to the brotherhood of the „Illuminati. The novel attempts to explain the history of the birth of a conflict between the Christian and the „Illuminati‟ and how much influence they had been, the author packed them into a dialogue delivered by characters that are in the novel in which there are propaganda expressions. The implication of this research as a information to the public that a novel is not only use full as a reading at leisure or entertainment, but the novel can also be functioning as media of propaganda.

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20

Paolucci, Gianluca. "Gli Illuminati a Napoli. Illuminatismo e segretezza alla corte di Maria Carolina." Römische Historische Mitteilungen 1 (2019): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/rhm60s241.

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21

Bradshaw, Charles C. "The New England Illuminati: Conspiracy and Causality in Charles Brockden Brown's "Wieland"." New England Quarterly 76, no. 3 (September 2003): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1559807.

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22

Stæhr, Andreas. "The appropriation of transcultural flows among Copenhagen youth – The case of Illuminati." Discourse, Context & Media 4-5 (June 2014): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2014.03.001.

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23

Duque, Frank, and Carlos Hidalgo-Toscano. "An Upper Bound on the k-Modem Illumination Problem." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 25, no. 04 (December 2015): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819591550017x.

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A variation on the classical polygon illumination problem was introduced in [Aichholzer et al. EuroCG’09]. In this variant light sources are replaced by wireless devices called [Formula: see text]-modems, which can penetrate a fixed number [Formula: see text], of “walls”. A point in the interior of a polygon is “illuminated” by a [Formula: see text]-modem if the line segment joining them intersects at most [Formula: see text] edges of the polygon. It is easy to construct polygons of [Formula: see text] vertices where the number of [Formula: see text]-modems required to illuminate all interior points is [Formula: see text]. However, no non-trivial upper bound is known. In this paper we prove that the number of kmodems required to illuminate any polygon of [Formula: see text] vertices is [Formula: see text]. For the cases of illuminating an orthogonal polygon or a set of disjoint orthogonal segments, we give a tighter bound of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we present an [Formula: see text] time algorithm to achieve this bound.

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Lagalisse, Erica, and Jacopo Rasmi. "Entre conspiration des rois et occultisme anarchiste." Multitudes 91, no. 2 (June 19, 2023): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.091.0115.

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Les Illuminati étaient un réseau d’intellectuels qui prônaient l’autonomie et s’opposaient à la propriété privée. Pourtant, on entend de plus en plus dire qu’ils sont le groupe occulte qui contrôle les gouvernements et défend le capitalisme dans le monde entier. Dans cette conversation ayant eu lieu au milieu de la pandémie, Erica Lagalisse revient sur les thèses de son livre Anarchisme occulte (2022) pour distinguer les conspirations des rois de celles des peuples par un discours à la croisée de militance, anthropologie et histoire.

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Moro, Domenico. "IL FEDERALISMO È UN’IDEOLOGIA POLITICA?" Il Politico 255, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2021.626.

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È un fatto noto e consolidato, nelle organizzazioni federaliste e al di fuori di queste, il contributo fondamentale di Altiero Spinelli al processo di unificazione europea. Norberto Bobbio ha messo bene in luce il significato della svolta che ha avuto luogo con la stesura del Manifesto di Ventotene3. Con quest’ultimo, l’obiettivo della federazione europea non era più materia esclusiva di pensatori illuminati, ma diventava oggetto di una lotta politica. Il palazzo del Parlamento europeo dedicato ad Altiero Spinelli è il più evidente riconoscimento alla sua figura da parte delle istituzioni europee.

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Terruggia (book author), Angela Maria, Francesco Santucci (book author), Gina Scentoni (book author), Daniele Sini (book author), and Giovanna Casagrande (review author). "Il laudario «Illuminati» e la costellazione assisiate, con un saggio di Mara Nerbano." Confraternitas 29, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/confrat.v29i1.29902.

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Revauger, Cécile. "Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire, Les Illuminati, de la société secrète aux théories du complot." Humanisme N° 336, no. 3 (August 4, 2022): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/huma.336.0117.

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Griffin, Charles J. G. "Jedidiah morse and the bavarian illuminati: An essay in the rhetoric of conspiracy." Central States Speech Journal 39, no. 3-4 (September 1988): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10510978809363257.

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Waterman, Bryan. "The Bavarian Illuminati, the Early American Novel, and Histories of the Public Sphere." William and Mary Quarterly 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3491620.

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Apriyanti, Dian. "Komunikasi Argumentasi Dakwah: Studi Kasus Klarifikasi Ridwan Kamil terhadap Mispersepsi Pemaknaan pada Desain Arsitektur Masjid Al Safar Cipularang." INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2022): 379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v4i2.231.

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Masjid merupakan salah satu infrastruktur dakwah dengan desain/ gaya arsitekturnya yang mencerminkan kemajuan peradaban Islam. Kenyataannya, ada realitas penafsiran yang keliru atas desain masjid yang dibuat sesuai ilmu desain dan arsitektur modern. Salah satunya adalah adanya anggapan/ tafsiran bahwa desain arsitektur Masjid Al Safar, yang terletak di rest area KM 88 tol Cipularang mengandung simbol-simbol Yahudi/ illuminati yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam. Viralnya tafsiran ini kemudian membuat MUI Jabar membuat acara silaturahmi dan diskusi terbuka yang mempertemukan Ridwan Kamil, sebagai arsitek Masjid Al safar dan Ahmad Baequni, sebagai yang memiliki tafsiran simbol illuminati dalam Masjid Al Safar. Tulisan ini menganalisis Komunikasi Argumentasi Dakwah: Studi Kasus Klarifikasi Ridwan Kamil terhadap Mispersepsi Pemaknaan pada Desain Arsitektur Masjid Al Safar Cipularang. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Tulisan ini menggunakan teori argumentasi Toulmin untuk menguraikan struktur argumentasi dari Ridwan Kamil, sebagai desainer/ arsitek Masjid Al Safar dan teori teknik argumentasi Gorys Keraf untuk menganalisis teknik-teknik argumentasi yang digunakan. Hasilnya, diketahui bahwa Ridwan Kamil, desainer Masjid Al Safar memiliki struktur argumentasi yang menurut teori Toulmin tergolong sangat kuat, karena mengandung semua unsur argumentasi, yaitu claim, warrant, ground, backing, modal equalizer dan rebuttal. Teknik-teknik yang digunakan pun sangat beragam, mulai dari genus dan definisi, sebab akibat, keadaan, persamaan, otoritas, perbandingan, pertentangan dan ada beberapa teknik lain yang belum termuat dalam teori teknik argumentasi Gorys Keraf. Adanya tulisan ini diharapkan mampu memperkaya keilmuan komunikasi dakwah dalam hal teknik argumentasi, khususnya dalam situasi menghadapi mispersepsi/ tudingan yang keliru, sehingga perlu diluruskan secara logis dan penuh pertanggungjawaban.

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Piana, Marco. "Fonte de Pietade: Blood Devotion and Blood Consumption in the Laudari ‘Illuminati’ and ‘Frondini’." Confraternitas 30, no. 1-2 (February 10, 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/confrat.v30i1-2.33688.

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The following article analyses episodes of blood devotion in two fourteenth-century laudari written by the members of the confraternity of the Disciplinati di Santo Stefano in Assisi, otherwise known as the ‘Frondini’ and ‘Illuminati’ laudari. Through the analysis of a selection of laude celebrating Good Friday and Corpus Domini, this article explores how the holy blood of Christ is adored, poured, and metaphorically “consumed” in the narratives adopted by the flagellant confraternity. In doing so, the article also highlights the relationship with other cultural trends active in medieval Italy, in particular hagiographical episodes of bloodshed and blood consumption, and the iconographical tradition of the crocifissi dolorosi.

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Tonizzo, Frida, and Donata Nova Micucci. "Dalla legge n. 431/1967 alla legge n. 184/1983: il ruolo svolto dalle associazioni." MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no. 2 (November 2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2023-002003.

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Nell'articolo viene riassunto il lungo e travagliato percorso che ha portato alla approvazione della legge n. 431/1967 sull'adozione speciale, poi perfezionata con la legge n. 184/1983 che ha anche disciplinato l'affidamento familiare. L'ottica è quella di illustrare, in particolare, il ruolo delle associazioni nel promuovere i due summenzionati testi normativi. Tali testi hanno rappresentato, a quell'epoca, traguardi resi possibili anche grazie alla grande mobilitazione sociale che ha coinvolto magistrati, operatori "illuminati" e organizzazioni di base. Determinanti, inoltre, sono stati l'impegno e la tenacia di alcuni parlamentari, amministratori locali, oltre a importanti esponenti della Chiesa cattolica.

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Jeyifo, Biodun. "An “illuminati” and its acolytes: Critical theory in the text and in the world." British Journal of Sociology 72, no. 3 (June 2021): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12860.

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Taylor, Michael. "British Conservatism, the Illuminati, and the Conspiracy Theory of the French Revolution, 1797–1802." Eighteenth-Century Studies 47, no. 3 (2014): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2014.0018.

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Tominaga, Shoji, Keita Hirai, and Takahiko Horiuchi. "Appearance Reconstruction of Fluorescent Objects Based on Reference Geometric Factors." Color and Imaging Conference 2019, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2019.27.70.

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An approach is proposed for the reliable appearance reconstruction of fluorescent objects under arbitrary conditions of material and illuminant based on reference geometric factors. First, a large set of spectral images is acquired from a variety of scenes of fluorescent objects paired with a mutual illumination effect under different conditions. The target fluorescent object is constructed using a cube and a flat plate supporting it, and is subsequently illuminated using a directional light source. We produce many target objects of the same size with different fluorescent materials and observe them under different illumination conditions. The observed spectral images are subsequently decomposed into five components, combining the spectral functions and geometric factors. The reference geometric factors are independent of the material, illuminant, and illumination direction change; instead, they are only dependent on object geometries. A reliable estimation method of reference geometric factors is presented using the whole spectral images observed under various conditions. Further, we propose an algorithm for reconstructing a realistic appearance including mutual illumination effect under arbitrary conditions of material, illuminant, and illumination direction. Finally, the reliability of the proposed approach is examined experimentally.

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DiCarlo, Jeffrey M., Feng Xiao, and Brian A. Wandell. "Illuminating Illumination." Color and Imaging Conference 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/cic.2001.9.1.art00006.

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Rozin, Vadim Markovich. "Personalistic overtones in the realization of Enlightenment ideas (based on the history of the Illuminati Order)." Человек и культура, no. 2 (February 2024): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2024.2.69811.

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The article considers one of the lines of understanding and realization of Enlightenment ideas, due to the peculiarities of the New European personality. A personality is an individual acting independently and therefore forced to build a world and private self-image that partially does not coincide with the generally accepted ones. Kant associates these features precisely with Enlightenment, with the competence to use one's mind without guidance from someone else. Two social institutions are considered, the young nation-state and the Catholic Church, striving to put the individual, Society and communities under their control and management. The author suggests that society and communities were created in response to the pressure and expansion of these social institutions. The similarities and differences of social institutions and communities represented by unions and orders are analyzed. The relations between these three subjects and social forces (institutions of church and state, Society and communities) were quite tense, there was a struggle between them, the result of which, on the one hand, was the demarcation and separation of zones of influence, on the other hand, the suppression of the enemy, which often turned out to be Society, communities and the individual. In this context, according to the author, a conspiracy discourse is emerging, which the closer to our time, the more it is used against communities and individuals. This struggle within the institutions of the state and the church, as well as in art, is illustrated by the example of the history of the Illuminati. The activities of the Illuminati and other Orders (communities) were directed by a New European personality who, as Kant wrote, aspired to adulthood, which was in contradiction with the desire of the state and the Catholic Church to direct and control the mind and actions of a person. The author believes that the confrontation of the individual, Society and communities with the state and its institutions persists in our time. Of course, we are talking about a certain type of personality, so to speak, Kantian, and not any; there are individuals and communities that support the state.

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AMANO, KINJIRO, DAVID H. FOSTER, and SÉRGIO M. C. NASCIMENTO. "Color constancy in natural scenes with and without an explicit illuminant cue." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233285.

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Observers can generally make reliable judgments of surface color in natural scenes despite changes in an illuminant that is out of view. This ability has sometimes been attributed to observers' estimating the spectral properties of the illuminant in order to compensate for its effects. To test this hypothesis, two surface-color-matching experiments were performed with images of natural scenes obtained from high-resolution hyperspectral images. In the first experiment, the sky illuminating the scene was directly visible to the observer, and its color was manipulated. In the second experiment, a large gray sphere was introduced into the scene so that its illumination by the sun and sky was also directly visible to the observer, and the color of that illumination was manipulated. Although the degree of color constancy varied across this and other variations of the images, there was no reliable effect of illuminant color. Even when the sky was eliminated from view, color constancy did not worsen. Judging surface color in natural scenes seems to be independent of an explicit illuminant cue.

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W. Daniel Wilson. "Weimar Politics in the Age of the French Revolution: Goethe and the Spectre of Illuminati Conspiracy." Goethe Yearbook 5, no. 1 (1990): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gyr.2011.0297.

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Shan, Tiqiang, and Xinglin Qi. "Performance of Series Connected GaAs Photovoltaic Converters under Multimode Optical Fiber Illumination." Advances in OptoElectronics 2014 (December 21, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/824181.

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In many military and industrial applications, GaAs photovoltaic (PV) converters are connected in series in order to generate the required voltage compatible with most common electronics. Multimode optical fibers are usually used to carry high-intensity laser and illuminate the series connected GaAs PV converters in real time. However, multimode optical fiber illumination has a speckled intensity pattern. The series connected PV array is extremely sensitive to nonuniform illumination; its performance is limited severely by the converter that is illuminated the least. This paper quantifies the effects of multimode optical fiber illumination on the performance of series connected GaAs PV converters, analyzes the loss mechanisms due to speckles, and discusses the maximum illumination efficiency. In order to describe the illumination dependent behavior detailedly, modeling of the series connected PV array is accomplished based on the equivalent circuit for PV cells. Finally, a series of experiments are carried out to demonstrate the theory analysis.

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PINTO, PAULO D., JOÃO M. M. LINHARES, JOÃO A. CARVALHAL, and SÉRGIO M. C. NASCIMENTO. "Psychophysical estimation of the best illumination for appreciation of Renaissance paintings." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233340.

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A variety of light sources are used in museum environments where the main concern is to prevent damaging effects of the light on paintings. Yet, the visual impression of an artistic painting is strongly influenced by the intensity and spectral profile of the illumination. The aim of this work was to determine psychophysically the spectral profile of the illumination preferred by observers when seeing paintings dated from the Renaissance époque and to investigate how their preferences correlate with the color temperature of the illumination and with the chromatic diversity of the paintings. Hyperspectral images of five oil paintings on wood were collected at the museum and the appearance of the paintings under five representative illuminants computed. Chromatic diversity was estimated by computing the representation of the paintings in the CIELAB color space and by counting the number of nonempty unit cubes occupied by the corresponding color volume. A paired-comparison experiment using precise cathode ray tube (CRT) reproductions of the paintings rendered with several illuminant pairs with different color temperatures was carried out to determine observers' preference. The illuminant with higher color temperature was always preferred except for one pair where no clear preference was expressed. The preferred illuminant produced the larger chromatic diversity, and for the condition where no specific illuminant was preferred the number of colors produced by the illuminant pair was very similar, a result suggesting that preference could have been influenced by chromatic diversity.

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Zhang, Aiqin, Xuehao Chen, Jiahui Wang, Yong He, and Jianying Zhou. "Directionally Illuminated Autostereoscopy with Seamless Viewpoints for Multi-Viewers." Micromachines 15, no. 3 (March 16, 2024): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15030403.

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Autostereoscopy is usually perceived at finite viewpoints that result from the separated pixel array of a display system. With directionally illuminated autostereoscopy, the separation of the illumination channel from the image channel provides extra flexibility in optimizing the performance of autostereoscopy. This work demonstrates that by taking advantage of illumination freedom, seamless viewpoints in the sweet viewing region, where the ghosting does not cause significant discomfort, are realized. This realization is based on illuminating the screen with a polyline array of light emitting diodes (LEDs), and continuous viewpoints are generated through independent variation in the radiance of each individual LED column. This new method is implemented in the directionally illuminated display for both single and multiple viewers, proving its effectiveness as a valuable technique for achieving a high-quality and high-resolution autostereoscopic display with seamless viewpoints.

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Stanikūnas, Rytis, Henrikas Vaitkevičius, Algimantas Švegžda, Vilius Viliūnas, Aušra Daugirdienė, Janus J. Kulikowski, and Ian J. Murray. "DU OBJEKTŲ SPALVOS SUVOKIMO PROCESAI." Psichologija 30 (January 1, 2004): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2004..4350.

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Objektų spalvų suvokimas aiškinamas dviem procesais. Atlikti bandomieji tyrimai, kuriais nustatyta kontrasto ir fono adaptacijos įtaka spalvų suvokimui. Bandyme dalyvavo keturi tiriamieji. Jų spalvinis regėjimas buvo normalus. 40 spalvotų stimulų ir 6 apšvietimai buvo generuojami vaizduoklio ekrane. Tiriamiesiems buvo rodomas spalvotas objektas pilkame fone esant įvairiems apšvietimams. Tiriamasis turėjo nustatyti, kokią objekto spalvą mato esant įvairiems adaptacijos laikams. Paaiškėjo, kad galima išskirti dvi subjektyvaus spalvos įvertinimo sistemas: viena sistema įvertina objekto ir suvokiamo fono spalvų skirtumą, o kita – fono spalvą. Suvokiamas spalvų skirtumas adaptacijos metu keičiasi nedaug, o suvokiama fono spalva artėja prie neutralios. Gauti duomenys pagrindžia dviejų lygmenų spalvų suvokimo hipotezę: sistema, įvertinanti spalvų skirtumus, yra lokali, o sistema, įvertinanti foną, – globali. TWO PROCESSES IN OBJECT COLOUR PERCEPTIONRytis Stanikūnas, Henrikas Vaitkevičius, Algimantas Švegžda, Vilius Viliūnas, Aušra Daugirdienė, Janus J. Kulikowski, Ian J. Murray SummaryPerception of colour depends on the spectral composition of light that reaches retina and depends as well on various mechanisms of visual system that processes information flow. The few important mechanisms can be distinguished in colour perception: colour adaptation, colour constancy and colour contrast. If the visual field has only one coloured object, then colour perception will be determined by spectral composition of the light and colour adaptation. Whereas mechanisms of colour constancy and colour contrast switches on when in the visual field there are at least two colour objects. Von Kries (1905) have attributed colour constancy phenomenon to theory of receptoral adaptation. But this is theory is applicable to local processes happening in relatively small size of visual field. Craven and Foster (1992) shows that receptor excitation ratios remains constant during change of illumination. But again remains unexplained colour change during adaptation. So, the hypothesis is raised that two processes attribute colour perception: local colour contrast calculation and global adaptation to the background. Therefore the experiments have been carried out to establish the colour contrast and background adaptation impact on colour perception.Four subjects with normal colour vision participated in the experiments. 40 Munsell samples (value 7 and chroma 4) illuminated with one reference illuminant (standard C) and 6 test illuminants (standard A, standard S, cardinal red, cardinal green, cardinal yellow and cardinal blue) were simulated on computer monitor. The dark-adapted subjects have been shown colour samples on neutral background illuminated with one of test illuminants. The task was to match the colour stimuli appearance under reference illuminant. The sequential asymmetric matching procedure was carried out. First subject adapts to neutral background under illuminan C then test stimulus and test background appears for limited time followed by readaptation to neutral background. Then subject is asked to adjust the colour mach under illuminant C. Two different experiment paradigms have been used. In the first one the stimulus had 2° on neutral background covering 20° of visual field. In the second paradigm the stimulus size was the same but the background was covering the all visual field. The adaptation and presentation timings were 1, 5, 30 or 60 seconds.Results under the first experiment paradigm show partial colour constancy for all subjects and for all test illuminants under various adaptation times. Despite quite a long adaptation time of 30 seconds subjects was unable to achieve full colour constancy. Colour constancy improves under second experiment paradigm. 60-second adaptation time is enough to achieve full colour constancy. The less adaptation time (1 or 30 second) gives partial colour constancy.The subject sees two colours (stimulus and background) during the experiment. The colour perception of stimulus and background changes during adaptation time. In the first 5 seconds of adaptation 40–60% of full adaptation level is reached (Fairchild and Reniff, 1995; Werner et al., 2000). Wesner and Shevell (1992, 1994) shown that signals from all visual field have influence on colour perception of object. The first part of our experiment shows that neutral background of 20° gives partial adaptation to background colour. Therefore, increase background illumination to full visual field gives full adaptation to background. So, subject perceives different coloured background under various illuminants as the same neutral (grey) background.We can state that two different systems have been distinguished in the process of colour perception. One system evaluates the colour difference between the stimulus and the background. Second system evaluates the colour of the background. Perceived colour difference during adaptation does not change much, but perceived colour of the background changes a lot and drifts towards neutral colour. The hypothesis of two level colour perception is supported by experimental data.

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Ruiz-López, Javier, Manuel Melgosa, Razvan Ghinea, Maria Tejada-Casado, Ioana-Sofia Pop-Ciutrila, and María M. Pérez. "Effect of White Light-Emitting Diode Illuminants Recommended by the CIE on Colors of Dental Ceramic Materials." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031518.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate color inconstancy of dental ceramics under the white light-emitting diode illuminants recently proposed by the CIE. From spectral reflectance factors of 18 dental ceramics (VST, NSP, and IEC; shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, and C2), the corresponding colors under illuminant D65 and CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer were computed for all samples, using the chromatic adaptation transform CIECAT16. CIEDE2000 color differences between dental ceramics illuminated by CIE D65 standard illuminant and different white LED illuminants were calculated. Perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT00 and AP00) in dental ceramics were used to analyze color changes. Color gamut size was within the same range for all illuminants and for all ceramics, since MCDM computed values were 4.1–4.4 for VST, 4.0–4.2 for NSP, and 4.3–4.6 for IEC. For all ceramics and shades, the color inconstancies were higher than 50:50% PT00 and, in general, lower than 50:50% AT00. The effect of CIE-proposed LED illuminants on dental ceramic is perceptible and slightly lower than on natural teeth. Dental clinicians should consider these lighting effects on the visual appearance of dental ceramics.

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Barboza, R., U. Bortolozzo, M. G. Clerc, S. Residori, and E. Vidal-Henriquez. "Light–matter interaction induces a single positive vortex with swirling arms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2027 (October 28, 2014): 20140019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0019.

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Homeotropic nematic liquid crystal cells with a photosensitive wall and negative dielectric anisotropy exhibit, under the influence of local illumination, stable vortexes with swirling arms that are trapped at the illuminated area. Close to the Fréedericksz transition an amplitude equation is derived, which allows us to understand the origin of the induced vortex and the competition between the illuminating profile and the elastic anisotropy generating the swirling of the arms.

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Brown, Chandos Michael. "Mary Wollstonecraft, or, the Female Illuminati: The Campaign against Women and "Modern Philosophy" in the Early Republic." Journal of the Early Republic 15, no. 3 (1995): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124116.

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47

Colin, Mariella. "Tra genere e generi. Tradurre e pubblicare testi per ragazze e ragazzi, Roberta Pederzoli, Valeria Illuminati (dir.)." Transalpina, no. 25 (November 17, 2022): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/transalpina.3848.

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48

Allen, Keith. "Being Coloured and Looking Coloured." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 39, no. 4 (December 2009): 647–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjp.0.0065.

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Intuitively, there is an intimate connection between being coloured and looking coloured. As Strawson memorably remarked, it is natural to assume that ‘colours are visibilia or they are nothing’ (1979, 109). But what exactly is the nature of this relationship?A traditionally popular view of the relationship between being coloured and looking coloured starts from the common place that the character of our perceptual experience changes as the conditions in which an object is perceived vary. For instance, our experience changes when we view an object under different illuminants, as when we move from artificial illumination indoors to natural daylight outside. It changes under one and the same illuminant, depending on whether the object is directly or indirectly illuminated. And it varies independently of this, as the background against which the object is perceived varies. Placing a lot of weight on the idea that objects look or appear different as the perceptual conditions vary, proponents of this approach suggest that we can understand what it is for something to be coloured in terms of what it is for something to look coloured in specific perceptual conditions.

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Benzoni, Riccardo. "Laicizzare la beneficenza. La distribuzione dotale nelle feste politiche del Regno d’Italia napoleonico (1805-1814)." Journal of Church History 2021, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jch.2021.1.1.

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"Riassunto. Luogo privilegiato della costruzione del consenso per Bonaparte, le feste politiche del Regno d’Italia napoleonico (1805-1814) costituiscono un caso di studio alquanto significativo per osservare il processo di progressiva laicizzazione della beneficenza che ebbe luogo nella tarda età Moderna. Nel conferire una profonda accelerazione alle novità introdotte dai sovrani illuminati alla metà del secolo XVIII, le iniziative che vennero promosse in questo ambito dal regime napoleonico favorirono infatti la graduale assunzione da parte governo – e specificamente del ministero dell’Interno – di prerogative in precedenza spettanti alle autorità ecclesiastiche e ai gruppi confraternali. Attraverso lo studio della distribuzione delle doti alle fanciulle indigenti in occasione delle feste politiche, il lavoro si propone pertanto di lumeggiare i tratti della profonda trasformazione che ebbe luogo nel corso della stagione francese e di porre altresì l’accento sul cospicuo ritorno, ricercato dal regime tramite la distribuzione delle elargizioni, nei termini del radicamento dell’adesione."

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Bilotta, María Alessandra. "Another contribution to the History of Illumination in Toulouse in the 14th Century: A New Attribution for the Miniatures of the MS 45 (vol. 1) of Corpus Christi College in Cambridge." De Medio Aevo 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dmae.81198.

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The study of the illumination of the MS 45 (vol. 1), preserved in the library of Corpus Christi College in Cambridge, has made it possible to attribute his illustrative apparatus to the hand of the illuminator from Toulouse, active around the middle of the fourteenth century, designated as Master of the Avignon Decretum for having illuminated the ms. 659 of the Municipal Library of Avignon, containing precisely the text of the Decretum Gratiani

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