Journal articles: 'Illness'

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Gujrathi, Ashish. "Plasma Therapy Gains Attention in Treatment of Viral Infections, Dermatological Illness, and Orthopedic Illnesses." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/234.

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Plasma therapy is one of the major chapters in medicines. Convalescent plasma therapy, another term for plasma therapy involves the use of blood from a person who has recovered from a particular illness to help others who are suffering from the same disease. The plasma of this blood is likely to contain antibodies that can help other patients fight the same illness, especially if viruses or pathogens are compromising the immunity system. Plasma therapy speeds up the recovery and helps manage symptoms. Moreover, it is used in wound healing, face rejuvenation, and androgenetic alopecia. It can help patients suffering from Covid-19, which increased its demand since the Covid-19 outbreak.

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F*, Lorin. "Health, Illness, Yoga." Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine 3, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000193.

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T. Krishnamacharya’s teachings on yoga have spread throughout the world through four of his students: BKS IYENGAR, PATTABHI JOY, TKV, DESIKACHAR, T. SHRIBASHYAM, and the latest two being his sons. I had the privilege to meet TKV Desikachar in 1965 in Gstaad, Switzerland when he was the guest of Jiddu Krishnamurti to whom he was then giving âsana-s and prânâyâma s courses. When I started taking classes with him in 1966, in Chennai, I was surprised and fullfilled when I understood it was 121 courses. Furthermore, during the rather lengthy span of years I returned to study with him, from 1966 to the end of the eighties, I could appreciate the evolution, adaptation and deepening of their teachings, his' and his father's. The first years, the stress was put on learning âsana-s and prânâyâma-s as adaptables tools for health and well-being, together with the in depth study of Patanjali's masterly yoga reference book : yoga sugar. In the course of time, I understood how to apply the numerous means which yoga offers: âsana-s, prânâyâma-s, bandha-s, mudra-s, dharana-s, dhyana, etc. not only as ways to realize the inner self, Consciousness, but also how to help people with physical disabilities or mental illnesses. Moreover it unable me to show a holistic, a deep, a joyous approach to living, helping them to free themselves from fear, addictions, stress and the like.

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Anonymous. "Mental illness = Treatable illness." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 35, no. 5 (May 1997): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19970501-03.

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Weinstein, Neil D. "Preventing Illness and Illness Distress." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 10 (October 1988): 903–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/026130.

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YOUSAF, ANNA, BRENDALEE VIVEIROS, and GENEVIEVE CARON. "Rhode Island Department of Health Foodborne Illness Complaint System: A Descriptive and Performance Analysis." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 9 (August 20, 2019): 1568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-135.

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ABSTRACT Foodborne illnesses create a large impact on both the health and economy of the United States. Early detection of an outbreak is essential to preventing additional illnesses. Foodborne illnesses are commonly identified through foodborne illness complaint systems, and it is vital that public health agencies ensure their systems are functioning effectively for successful detection of foodborne outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive summary of foodborne illness complaint data in Rhode Island and to evaluate the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) foodborne illness complaint system's ability to detect foodborne outbreaks using the Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response (CIFOR) target performance measures. Data were collected from all foodborne illness complaints reported to RIDOH by the public from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017. During this period, 1,218 foodborne illness complaints in total were reported to RIDOH; 85% of complainants reported their illness within 7 days of symptom onset. Most complainants (73%) did not seek medical attention. There were 54 outbreaks, 80% of which were identified by the complaint system. Most pathogens that were identified during an outbreak detected by the complaint system were nonreportable (69%). CIFOR metrics indicate that the complaint system is functioning (i) at an acceptable level of illness complaints expected based on population size and (ii) at preferable levels for metrics related to outbreak detection. This review of the RIDOH foodborne illness complaint system provides evidence for the vital role of complaint systems in detecting foodborne illness outbreaks. In addition, it demonstrates that complaint systems can detect illnesses in a timely manner, likely preventing further illnesses. This was the first multiyear evaluation of Rhode Island's illness complaint surveillance system and will serve as a baseline for future analyses to monitor trends in performance.

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Riffel, Taylor, and Shu-Ping Chen. "Exploring the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavioural Responses of Healthcare Students towards Mental Illnesses—A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010025.

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Background: The stigma of mental illness causes delays in seeking help, and often compromises victims’ therapeutic relationships with healthcare providers. The knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural responses of future healthcare professionals toward individuals with mental illnesses are explored here to suggest steps that will reduce mental illness stigma in healthcare providers. Methods: A generic qualitative approach—Qualitative Description—was used. Eighteen students from nine healthcare programs at a Canadian University participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Participants answered questions regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural responses towards individuals with mental illnesses. Thematic content analysis guided the data analysis. Results: Four main themes were constructed from the data: positive and negative general perceptions toward mental illness; contact experiences with mental illnesses; mental illness in a healthcare setting; and learning about mental illness in healthcare academia. Conclusions: Students showed well-rounded mental health knowledge and mostly positive behaviours toward individuals with mental illnesses. However, some students hold stigmatizing attitudes and do not feel prepared through their academic experiences to work with individuals with mental illnesses. Mental health education can reduce the stigma toward mental illness and improve the care delivered by healthcare professionals.

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Kasow, Zachary M., and Robert S. Weisskirch. "Differences in Attributions of Mental Illness and Social Distance for Portrayals of Four Mental Disorders." Psychological Reports 107, no. 2 (October 2010): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/13.15.pr0.107.5.547-552.

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For individuals with mental illness, others' perceptions of mental illness often limit integration into communities. Perceptions of mental illness manifest as social stigma in the form of social distance and may depend on individuals' attributions of the origins of mental illness. 180 university students completed a survey on attribution of mental illness and social distance across several disorders (psychiatric and physical). Participants indicated greater social distance for severe mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia) than less severe mental illness and physical illness. More desire for social distance may be related to unfamiliarity with severe mental illness rather than less severe mental and physical illnesses. Greater understanding of how individuals perceive mental illness can inform efforts to educate the public.

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GREEN, LAURA R., CAROL SELMAN, ELAINE SCALLAN, TIMOTHY F. JONES, and RUTHANNE MARCUS. "Beliefs about Meals Eaten Outside the Home as Sources of Gastrointestinal Illness." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.10.2184.

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In a 2002 telephone survey of 16,435 randomly selected U.S. residents, respondents answered several questions about their beliefs concerning sources of gastrointestinal illness. Of those who had experienced vomiting or diarrhea in the month before their telephone interview, 22% believed the source of their gastrointestinal illness was a meal eaten outside the home. Ill respondents who had diarrhea but not vomiting and who did not miss work because of their illness were more likely to believe the illness resulted from a specific outside meal. Ill respondents attributed their illness to a specific outside meal for several reasons, including symptom timing (43%) and illness of their meal companions (6%). Eight percent of ill respondents reported their illness to a health department or the restaurant suspected of causing the illness. Those with vomiting and those who missed work or activities because of their illness were more likely to report their illness. Most respondents (54%) who attributed their illness to a specific outside meal said their illness symptoms began within a short time (5 h) of eating that meal. The foodborne illnesses for which this is a likely time frame typically are associated with vomiting, but respondents with vomiting did not report a shorter symptom onset than respondents without vomiting. These findings suggest that ill respondents may have the misconception that foodborne illness symptoms typically occur shortly after ingestion of contaminated food. Results suggest that education efforts should focus on the nature and timing of foodborne illness symptoms and the importance of reporting suspected foodborne illnesses.

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Andrew, Melissa K., and Kenneth Rockwood. "Psychiatric Illness in Relation to Frailty in Community-Dwelling Elderly People without Dementia: A Report from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 26, no. 1 (2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/8774-758w-702q-2531.

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ABSTRACTWe investigated whether frailty, defined as the accumulation of multiple, interacting illnesses, impairments and disabilities, is associated with psychiatric illness in older adults. Five-thousand-six-hundred-and-seventy-six community dwellers without dementia were identified within the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, and self-reported psychiatric illness was compared by levels of frailty (defined by an index of deficits that excluded mental illnesses). People with psychiatric illness (12.6% of those surveyed, who chiefly reported depression) had a higher mean frailty index value than those who did not. Older age was not associated with higher odds of psychiatric illness. Taking sex, frailty, and education into account, the odds of psychiatric illness decreased with each increasing year of age (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94–0.97). Frailty was associated with psychiatric illness; for each additional deficit-defining frailty, odds of psychiatric illness increased (OR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19–1.26). Similarly, psychiatric illness was associated with much higher odds of being among the most frail. These findings lend support to a multidimensional conceptualization of frailty. Our data also suggest that health care professionals who work with older adults with psychiatric illness should expect frailty to be common, and that those working with frail seniors should consider the possible co-existence of depression and psychiatric illness.

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Schwellnus, Martin, Charl Janse van Rensburg, Helen Bayne, Wayne Derman, Clint Readhead, Rob Collins, Alan Kourie, et al. "Team illness prevention strategy (TIPS) is associated with a 59% reduction in acute illness during the Super Rugby tournament: a control–intervention study over 7 seasons involving 126 850 player days." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100775.

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ObjectivesTo determine whether a team illness prevention strategy (TIPS) would reduce the incidence of acute illness during the Super Rugby tournament.MethodsWe studied 1340 male professional rugby union player seasons from six South African teams that participated in the Super Rugby tournament (2010–2016). Medical staff recorded all illnesses daily (126 850 player days) in a 3-year control (C: 2010–2012; 47 553 player days) and a 4-year intervention (I: 2013–2016; 79 297 player days) period. A five-element TIPS was implemented in the I period, following agreement by consensus. Incidence rate (IR: per 1000 player days; 95% CI) of all acute illnesses, illness by main organ system, infectious illness and illness burden (days lost due to illness per 1000 player days) were compared between C and I period.ResultsThe IR of acute illness was significantly lower in the I (5.5: 4.7 to 6.4) versus the C period (13.2: 9.7 to 18.0) (p<0.001). The IR of respiratory (C=8.6: 6.3 to 11.7; I=3.8: 3.3 to 4.3) (p<0.0001), digestive (C=2.5: 1.8 to 3.6; I=1.1: 0.8 to 1.4) (p<0.001), skin and subcutaneous tissue illness (C=0.7: 0.4 to 1.4; I=0.3: 0.2 to 0.5) (p=0.0238), all infections (C=8.4: 5.9 to 11.9; I=4.3: 3.7 to 4.9) (p<0.001) and illness burden (C=9.2: 6.8 to 12.5; I=5.7: 4.1 to 7.8) (p=0.0314) were significantly lower in the I versus the C period.ConclusionA TIPS during the Super Rugby tournament was associated with a lower incidence of all acute illnesses (59%), infectious illness (49%) and illness burden (39%). Our findings may have important clinical implications for other travelling team sport settings.

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Taraly, Inggriani Millennia, Neva Satyahadewi, Hendra Perdana, Ray Tamtama, and Siti Aprizkiyandari. "NET SINGLE PREMIUM ON CRITICAL ILLNESS INSURANCE WITH MULTI-STATE MODEL." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 2 (June 11, 2023): 0989–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss2pp0989-0994.

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The chances of someone getting a disease or suffering from a critical illness are very large, especially when they get older, the chances of getting a critical illness will be higher. A guarantee of the future is indispensable if a person suffers from a critical illness at any time and requires considerable costs to undergo treatment. Insurance is one of the right choices and is beneficial for people with critical illnesses. In this study, the calculation of Critical Illness insurance premiums was carried out to determine the value of premiums that must be paid by a person when suffering from a critical illness. The types of critical illnesses used include cancer, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Health insurance that protects insureds suffering from critical illnesses is Long Term Care insurance with the Annuity as A Rider Benefit product. The multi-state model is used to determine the probability of a person suffering from a critical illness. The benefits obtained are in the form of death compensation, and treatment costs when the insured is diagnosed with a critical illness. The data used are data on the prevalence of critical illnesses and the percentage of deaths due to critical illnesses. In this study, we will compare the amount of premium that must be paid by the insured with different interest rates, gender, coverage period, and age. The higher the age at the beginning of following the insurance, the higher the premium. The higher the interest rate during the payer's period, the lower the premium.

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Laughlin, James. "Illness." Grand Street, no. 64 (1998): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25008303.

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Charatan, Fred. "Illness." BMJ 328, no. 7446 (April 22, 2004): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7446.1006.

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McAllister, Ashley. "Five Challenges of Designing Disability Income Support for People with Mental Illnesses: A Qualitative Case Study of Australia and Ontario." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2017-035.

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In most disability income support (DIS) programs, mental illnesses is the fastest growing category of illness, but it is unknown how policy designers consider this vulnerable group. Forty-five DIS policy designers in Australia and Ontario explained how they consider mental illnesses when designing policy. Using a grounded theory approach, five challenges emerged: validating duration, proving an illness, (un)differentiating mental illnesses, managing mental illnesses, and separating the person from the illness. Each challenge is described and compared across Australia and Ontario. These challenges provide a framework for other settings to determine how well their DIS policies have considered mental illnesses in policy design.

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Hudson, Joanna L., and Rona Moss-Morris. "Treating Illness Distress in Chronic Illness." European Psychologist 24, no. 1 (January 2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000352.

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Abstract. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for depression and anxiety recommended for those with and without physical long-term conditions (LTCs). However, the cognitive-behavioral mechanisms targeted in CBT protocols are based on empirical cognitive-behavioral models of depression and anxiety. In these models, emotions are conceptualized as primary mental health disorders rather than a reaction to the challenges of living with a LTC commonly referred to as illness distress. This raises important clinical questions with theoretical implications. These include: Is the experience of illness distress conceptually distinct from primary mental health diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorder? Are there unique cognitive-behavioral mechanisms related to illness self-management, which should be incorporated into CBT for illness distress? How can illness self-management interventions be embedded within existing CBT protocols for depression and anxiety? To address these questions, we distinguish between primary mental health disorders and illness distress conceptually and explore the impact of this on tailored treatment planning and engagement. Second, we review how health psychology theoretical models can help to inform modifications of existing cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety and depression to better support the needs of individuals experiencing illness distress. Third, we provide examples of how to embed processes important for illness self-management including, illness cognitions and adherence, alongside existing CBT techniques. The mechanisms and intervention techniques discussed may help to inform the development of integrated CBT treatments for illness distress for future hypothesis testing in comparative effectiveness trials.

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Price, Bob. "Illness careers: the chronic illness experience." Journal of Advanced Nursing 24, no. 2 (August 1996): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.02047.x.

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Yoo, Joanne. "Illness as Teacher: Learning from Illness." Australian Journal of Teacher Education 42, no. 1 (January 2017): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2017v42n1.4.

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Walker, Christine. "Recognising the changing boundaries of illness in defining terms of chronic illness." Australian Health Review 24, no. 2 (2001): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah010207.

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Definitions of chronic illness do not reflect the changing nature of chronic illnesses. When definitions in the literature,which guide and inform thinking in a field, remain static they are in danger of creating stereotypes. This can havean adverse influence on the care of people with chronic illness. Debates over the use of terms associated with chronicillness will lead to a better understanding of the place of chronic illness in the world of health and illness andultimately lead to services that better meet the needs of consumers.

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Hash, Joanne, Susan Bodnar-Deren, Elaine Leventhal, and Howard Leventhal. "Chronic Illness with Complexity." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 77, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 364–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222816675250.

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The present study examines how different chronic illnesses and mental illness comorbidity (chronic illness with complexity [CIC]) associate with components of advance care planning (ACP). We also explore the role self-perceived burden plays in the relationship between illness and ACP. Data were gathered from a cross-sectional survey of 305 elderly participants from the New Jersey End-of-Life study. Participants with diabetes and those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are less likely, while participants with CIC are more likely, to plan for the end-of-life. Participants with diabetes are less likely to make formal plans, whereas those with CVD are less likely to hold informal discussions. CIC is associated with increased odds of having an advance directive, but no other form of ACP. Self-perceived burden did not appear to be the gateway by which illness groups differentially engaged in ACP. Future research should investigate what aspects of illnesses drive ACP.

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Edouard, Pascal, Astrid Junge, Marine Sorg, Toomas Timpka, and Pedro Branco. "Illnesses during 11 international athletics championships between 2009 and 2017: incidence, characteristics and sex-specific and discipline-specific differences." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 18 (March 12, 2019): 1174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100131.

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BackgroundIllnesses impair athletes’ participation and performance. The epidemiology of illness in athletics is limited.ObjectiveTo describe the occurrence and characteristics of illnesses during international athletics championships (indoor and outdoor), and to analyse differences with regards to athletes’ sex and participation in explosive and endurance disciplines.MethodsDuring 11 international championships held between 2009 and 2017, physicians from both national medical teams and the local organising committees reported daily on all athlete illnesses using a standardised report form. Illness frequencies, incidence proportions (IPs) and rates (IRs), and relative risks (RR) with 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsDuring the 59 days of the 11 athletics championships, 546 illnesses were recorded in the 12 594 registered athletes equivalent to IP of 43.4 illnesses per 1000 registered athletes (95% CI 39.8 to 46.9) or IR of 1.2 per 1000 registered athlete days (95% CI 1.1 to 1.2). The most frequently reported illnesses were upper respiratory tract infections (18.7%), exercise-induced fatigue/hypotension/collapse (15.4%) and gastroenteritis (13.2%). No myocardial infarction was recorded. A total of 28.8% of illnesses were expected to lead to time loss from sport. The illness IP was similar in male and female athletes, with few differences in illness characteristics. During outdoor championships, the illness IP was higher in endurance than explosive disciplines (RR=1.87; 95% CI 1.58 to 2.23), with a considerably higher IP of exercise-induced illness in endurance disciplines, but a similar upper respiratory tract infection IP in both discipline groups.ConclusionsIllness prevention strategies during international athletics championships should be focused on the most frequent diagnoses in each discipline group.

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Forty, Liz, Anna Ulanova, Lisa Jones, Ian Jones, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Christine Fraser, Anne Farmer, et al. "Comorbid medical illness in bipolar disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 205, no. 6 (December 2014): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152249.

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BackgroundIndividuals with a mental health disorder appear to be at increased risk of medical illness.AimsTo examine rates of medical illnesses in patients with bipolar disorder (n = 1720) and to examine the clinical course of the bipolar illness according to lifetime medical illness burden.MethodParticipants recruited within the UK were asked about the lifetime occurrence of 20 medical illnesses, interviewed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria.ResultsWe found significantly increased rates of several medical illnesses in our bipolar sample. A high medical illness burden was associated with a history of anxiety disorder, rapid cycling mood episodes, suicide attempts and mood episodes with a typically acute onset.ConclusionsBipolar disorder is associated with high rates of medical illness. This comorbidity needs to be taken into account by services in order to improve outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder and also in research investigating the aetiology of affective disorder where shared biological pathways may play a role.Declarations of interestNone.

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Sharpe, Michael, and Monica Greco. "Chronic fatigue syndrome and an illness-focused approach to care: controversy, morality and paradox." Medical Humanities 45, no. 2 (June 2019): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011598.

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Contemporary medicine distinguishes between illness and disease. Illness refers to a person’s subjective experience of symptoms; disease refers to objective bodily pathology. For many illnesses, medicine has made great progress in finding and treating associated disease. However, not all illnesses are successfully relieved by treating the disease. In some such cases, the patient’s suffering can only be reduced by treatment that is focused on the illness itself. Chronic disabling fatigue is a common symptom of illness, for which disease-focused treatment is often not effective, but for which illness-focused treatments (psychological or behavioural) often are. In this article, we explore a controversy surrounding illness-focused treatments for fatigue. We do this by contrasting their acceptance by people whose fatigue is associated with a disease (using the example of cancer-related fatigue) with their controversial rejection by some people whose fatigue is not associated with an established disease (chronic fatigue syndrome or CFS, sometimes called ME (myalgic encephalomyelitis)). In order to understand this difference in acceptability we consider the differing moral connotations of illness and disease and then go on to examine the limitations of the concepts of illness and disease themselves. We conclude that a general acceptance of illness-focused treatments by all who might benefit from them will require a major long-term change in thinking about illness, but that improvements to the care of individual patients can be made today.

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Chokwe, Terrence Mulenga, Simunyama Luyando, Seter Siziya, and Alfred Sichilima. "Community attitudes towards mental illness." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.3.24.

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Economidou, Foteini, Evangelia Douka, Marinella Tzanela, Serafeim Nanas, and Anastasia Kotanidou. "Thyroid function during critical illness." HORMONES 10, no. 2 (April 15, 2011): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1301.

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Lindsay, Sally. "Prioritizing Illness: Lessons in Self-Managing Multiple Chronic Diseases." Canadian Journal of Sociology 34, no. 4 (May 29, 2009): 983–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs1776.

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Chronic disease management strategies are largely based on single disease models, yet patients often need to manage multiple conditions. This study uses the concepts of ‘chronic illness trajectory’ and ‘biographical disruption’ to examine how patients self-manage multiple chronic conditions and especially how they prioritize which condition(s) will receive the greatest attention. Fifty-three people with multiple chronic illnesses participated in one of 6 focus groups. The results suggest that people who were disrupted tended to be younger than 60, lived on their own, cared for other family members, or other barriers. Many participants anticipated subsequent illnesses given their age and prior experience with illness. In order to cope with their multiple illnesses most felt it was necessary to prioritize their ‘main’ illness. Their reasons for prioritizing a particular illness included: (1) the unpredictable nature of the disease; (2) the condition could not be controlled by tablets; and (3) the condition tended to set off the rest of their health problems. Social context played a key role in shaping patients’ biography and chronic illness trajectory.

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Pankowski, Daniel, Kinga Wytrychiewicz-Pankowska, Konrad Janowski, Ewa Pisula, and Andrzej Mariusz Fal. "General and Illness-Specific Predictors of Adaptation to Chronic Illnesses: Cognitive Appraisals and Illness-related Beliefs." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 18, no. 2 (June 2022): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0355-x.

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Lee, Min-Jeong, Eunyoung Lee, Bumhee Park, and Inwhee Park. "Mental illness in patients with end-stage kidney disease in South Korea: a nationwide cohort study." Kidney Research and Clinical Practice 41, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.21.047.

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Background: The limited literature on mental illness in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients suggests that this disease is common and burdensome but underrecognized in clinical practice. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of mental illness in ESKD patients.Methods: We assessed the prevalence and patterns of mental illnesses in a nationwide cohort of patients diagnosed with ESKD between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. The risk of mental illness was evaluated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.Results: A total of 70,079 patients met all study inclusion criteria. A total of 28.3% of patients had mental illness, and the specific distribution was as follows: depression, 16.8%; anxiety, 20.0%; somatoform/conversion disorder, 0.9%; stress reaction/adjustment disorder, 2.5%; and substance abuse disorder, 0.6%. The frequency of mental illness was highest in patients on hemodialysis (HD), followed by patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and kidney transplant (KT) patients. The peak rate of mental illness in HD and PD patients was reached 1 to 2 years after renal replacement therapy initiation, but the peak rate of most mental illnesses in KT patients occurred before surgery. The prevalence of depression was 2.19 times higher in HD patients and 1.97 times higher in PD patients than in KT patients.Conclusion: ESKD patients are at high risk of mental illness, and the prevalence of mental illness is highest in HD patients. Since the onset of mental illness occurs around the initiation of renal replacement therapy, clinicians need to pay attention to mental illness when treating ESKD patients.

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Steffen, Kathrin, Torbjørn Soligard, Margo Mountjoy, Ignacio Dallo, Alan Maximiliano Gessara, Hernan Giuria, Leonel Perez Alamino, et al. "How do the new Olympic sports compare with the traditional Olympic sports? Injury and illness at the 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101040.

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ObjectiveTo describe injuries and illnesses across traditional and new sports among the participating athletes of the Buenos Aires 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games (BA YOG) (6–18 October 2018).MethodsWe recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues manned by the BA YOG 2018 medical staff.ResultsIn total, 3.984 athletes from 206 NOCs were observed. NOCs and BA YOG 2018 medical staff reported 619 injuries and 334 illnesses, equalling 15.5 injuries and 8.4 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 13-day period. The eight new sports on the Youth Olympic programme (futsal, beach handball, karate, roller speed skating, kitesurfing, BMX freestyle, climbing and break dancing) fell in between the other sports with respect to injury and illness risk. Injury incidence was highest in rugby (43% of all rugby players), followed by boxing (33%) and badminton (24%), and lowest in swimming, archery, roller speed skating, equestrian, climbing and rowing (<5%). The highest incidences of illness were recorded in golf (20%), followed by triathlon (16%), beach volleyball and diving (both 14%). Of the illnesses, 50% affected the respiratory system and 15% the gastrointestinal system. Injury and illness incidences varied between continents with athletes representing Europe having significantly fewer injuries and illnesses compared with other continents, apart from a similar illness incidence to Asian athletes.ConclusionThe overall injury incidence of 15.5 injuries per 100 athletes was higher, while the overall illness incidence of 8.4 illnesses per 100 athletes was similar to previous youth and Olympic Games. The new sports did not differ significantly compared with the other sports with respect to injury and illness risk.

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Sinclair, Lindsey Isla. "What neuroscience has already done for us." BJPsych Bulletin 44, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2019.90.

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SummaryEach of the components of the biopsychosocial model of mental illness is important for understanding mental illness. Biological and genetic abnormalities have been demonstrated in major mental illnesses. These are leading to changes in our understanding of these conditions, as well as our understanding of the link between life events and mental illness.

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Derman, Wayne, Martin P. Schwellnus, Esme Jordaan, Phoebe Runciman, Cheri Blauwet, Nick Webborn, Jan Lexell, et al. "Sport, sex and age increase risk of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 51 198 athlete days." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097962.

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ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games.MethodsA total of 3657 athletes from 78 countries, representing 83.5% of all athletes at the Games, were monitored on the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) over 51 198 athlete days during the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Illness data were obtained daily from teams with their own medical support through the WEB-IISS electronic data capturing systems.ResultsThe total number of illnesses was 511, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 10.0 per 1000 athlete days (12.4%). The highest IRs were reported for wheelchair fencing (14.9), para swimming (12.6) and wheelchair basketball (12.5) (p<0.05). Female athletes and older athletes (35–75 years) were also at higher risk of illness (both p<0.01). Illnesses in the respiratory, skin and subcutaneous and digestive systems were the most common (IRs of 3.3, 1.8 and 1.3, respectively).Conclusion(1) The rate of illness was lower than that reported for the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games; (2) the sports with the highest risk were wheelchair fencing, para swimming and wheelchair basketball; (3) female and older athletes (35–75 years) were at increased risk of illness; and (4) the respiratory system, skin and subcutaneous system and digestive system were most affected by illness. These results allow for comparison at future Games.

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Heid, Allison R., Rachel Pruchno, and Maureen Wilson-Genderson. "Illness Representations of Multiple Chronic Conditions and Self-Management Behaviors in Older Adults: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 87, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415018771327.

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This article explores the intraindividual variability in illness representations of people with multiple chronic conditions and examines how representations of hypertension and arthritis are associated with self-management. Intraclass correlations determined the proportion of within-person variability in illness representations including Timeline, Consequences, Personal Control, and Timeline—Cyclical for 25 adults aged 64 and older. Within-person consistency across illnesses was present for Timeline and Timeline—Cyclical, but variability across illnesses in Personal Control and Consequences. Correlations revealed associations of diet, exercise, and sleep with illness representations of people with arthritis and hypertension. Representations of hypertension (Personal Control, Timeline–Cyclical, and Consequences) were associated with adherence to a reduced fat diet, walking, and total sleep time. Representations of arthritis were not associated with health behaviors. Findings demonstrate that clinical practice must consider the illness representations patients have about each of their chronic illnesses to begin to sustain positive self-management behaviors.

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Hinson, Katrina, and Ben Sword. "Illness Narratives and Facebook: Living Illness Well." Humanities 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8020106.

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Earlier scholarship provides important insights into the relationship of individual stories and narratives. Interactions with healthcare professionals and the healthcare system can often subsume the individual’s authority/agency. The patient’s narrative often gets lost in the elaborate web of doctor visits, referrals, medical records, case notes, etc. Online spaces such as Facebook, however, provide individuals with a platform through which they can understand, craft, and communicate their own personal illness narratives. Realizing this, this paper examines how the narratives of illness shared in illness-related Facebook groups help individuals make sense out of the disruption caused by their personal experience while residing in the ‘kingdom of the ill.’ To observe the construction and communication of these narratives, the researchers observed the activity of an online pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis survivor support group for one year. In this online space, individuals gained agency and authority in the construction of their own illness narratives. The findings of the research demonstrated both the importance of narrative in an individual’s health/illness journey as well as the need to further explore avenues that establish and bolster patient agency within the medical system.

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Kanyas, K., O. Karni, A. Hamdan, N. Turetsky, M. Kaadan, and B. Lerer. "Illness recognition and disruptiveness in psychotic illness." Comprehensive Psychiatry 45, no. 2 (March 2004): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2003.12.001.

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Grimm, A., A. Günther, O. W. Witte, and H. Axer. "Critical-Illness-Polyneuropathie und Critical-Illness-Myopathie." Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 107, no. 8 (October 28, 2012): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00063-012-0186-y.

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Skaldere-Darmudasa, Gunita, and Velga Sudraba. "RESILIENCE AND ILLNESS DENIAL AS PREDICTING FACTORS FOR ADHERENT BEHAVIOUR." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (July 3, 2023): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2023vol2.7171.

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Lack of adherence in patients with chronic illnesses is significant burden for health care system all over the world. Therefore, it is important to find which factors do contribute to improve adherent behaviour. The aim of this study was to find out how resilience and illness denial predicts adherent behaviour in patients with chronic illnesses in primary health care.In this quantitative cross-sectional study participated 202 adults in Latvia with diagnosed chronic illness. Participants filled sociodemographic data questionnaire – gender, age, and diagnosis, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD–RISC–25, Connor Davidson, 2003), Illness Denial Questionnaire-Short Form (IDQ-SF, Rossi Ferrario et al., 2019), and Adherent behaviour questionnaire (Skaldere-Darmudasa Sudraba, 2023) – nine items measure assessing to what extent individual with chronic illness follows doctor’s or specialist’s recommendation to reduce symptoms of their chronic illness and improve health condition. Items are rated in 4 – point Likert scale. The result of this study shows a tendency that patients with chronic illness and higher resilience use less denial according to their chronic illness and use more adherent behaviour. Higher denial points to less adherent behaviour which means less following to the doctor’s and specialist’s recommendation about the intake of medication, physical activities, diet, and rest.

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Daulima, Novy Helena Catharina, and Angelina Eka. "Traditional Ritual to Cure Mental Illness According to Manggarai Culture in East Nusa Tenggara." Psychiatry Nursing Journal (Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa) 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/pnj.v5i1.40360.

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Introduction: Mental illness treatment using traditional methods is still carried out in various regions in Indonesia, including in the Manggarai regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The aim of this study is to describe the types of traditional rituals performed to cure mental illness in Manggarai culture. Methods: This study uses an ethnographic approach which is supported by a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with 10 cultural leaders. Results: This study identified 4 types of rituals in treating mental illness namely peler rituals to cure mental illness due to being possessed by evil spirits, keti manuk neni rituals to cure mental illness due to heredity, Teing hang ritual heals mental illness due to ungratefulness to ancestors, and the oke dara ta'a ritual to heals mental illness due to having black magic. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there are still many people who practice traditional healing practices for people with mental illnesses and neglect medical treatment, resulting in relapses that lead to pasung or physical restraint and confinement of people with mental illnesses. Therefore, in providing education and promoting mental health in the community, it is necessary to emphasize the effectiveness of medical treatment.

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Tempia, Stefano, Sibongile Walaza, Jocelyn Moyes, Adam L. Cohen, Meredith L. McMorrow, Florette K. Treurnicht, Orienka Hellferscee, et al. "Quantifying How Different Clinical Presentations, Levels of Severity, and Healthcare Attendance Shape the Burden of Influenza-associated Illness: A Modeling Study From South Africa." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 6 (December 2, 2018): 1036–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy1017.

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AbstractBackgroundBurden estimates of medically and nonmedically attended influenza-associated illness across syndromes and levels of severity are lacking.MethodsWe estimated the national burden of medically and nonmedically attended influenza-associated illness among individuals with different clinical presentations (all-respiratory, all-circulatory, and nonrespiratory/noncirculatory) and levels of severity (mild, fatal, and severe, nonfatal) using a combination of case-based (from laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance) and ecological studies, as well as data from healthcare utilization surveys in South Africa during 2013–2015. In addition, we compared estimates of medically attended influenza-associated respiratory illness, obtained from case-based and ecological studies. Rates were reported per 100 000 individuals in the population.ResultsThe estimated mean annual number of influenza-associated illness episodes was 10 737 847 (19.8% of 54 096 705 inhabitants). Of these episodes, 10 598 138 (98.7%) were mild, 128 173 (1.2%) were severe, nonfatal, and 11 536 (0.1%) were fatal. There were 2 718 140 (25.6%) mild, 56 226 (43.9%) severe, nonfatal, and 4945 (42.8%) medically attended should be after fatal episodes. Influenza-associated respiratory illness accounted for 99.2% (10 576 146) of any mild, 65.5% (83 941) of any severe, nonfatal, and 33.7% (3893) of any fatal illnesses. Ecological and case-based estimates of medically attended, influenza-associated, respiratory mild (rates: ecological, 1778.8, vs case-based, 1703.3; difference, 4.4%), severe, nonfatal (rates: ecological, 88.6, vs case-based, 75.3; difference, 15.0%), and fatal (rates: ecological, 3.8, vs case-based, 3.5; difference, 8.4%) illnesses were similar.ConclusionsThere was a substantial burden of influenza-associated symptomatic illness, including severe, nonfatal and fatal illnesses, and a large proportion was nonmedically attended. Estimates, including only influenza-associated respiratory illness, substantially underestimated influenza-associated, severe, nonfatal and fatal illnesses. Ecological and case-based estimates were found to be similar for the compared categories.

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PEBLEY, ANNE, ELENA HURTADO, and NOREEN GOLDMAN. "BELIEFS ABOUT CHILDREN'S ILLNESS." Journal of Biosocial Science 31, no. 2 (April 1999): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932099001959.

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Beliefs about child illness were investigated using semi-structured interviews with mothers and providers in four rural Guatemalan communities. The two most common forms of child illness in Guatemala – diarrhoea and respiratory disease – were focused upon. These illnesses are particularly difficult to prevent and treat, especially with the rudimentary health services available in rural areas of developing countries. Comparisons with other ethnographic studies in Guatemala suggest that some traditional models of illness causation identified in these earlier investigations are relatively unimportant in the communities studied here. This finding, in conjunction with frequent responses related to hygiene and water, suggests that traditional explanations may be co-existing with biomedical views of illness causation to a greater degree today than in the past.

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Iwundu, Chisom N., Tzu-An Chen, Kirsteen Edereka-Great, Michael S. Businelle, Darla E. Kendzor, and Lorraine R. Reitzel. "Mental Illness and Youth-Onset Homelessness: A Retrospective Study among Adults Experiencing Homelessness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228295.

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Financial challenges, social and material instability, familial problems, living conditions, structural issues, and mental health problems have been shown to contribute to youth homelessness. Based on the paucity of literature on mental illness as a reason for youth homelessness, the current study retrospectively evaluated the association between the timing of homelessness onset (youth versus adult) and mental illness as a reason for homelessness among homeless adults living in homeless shelters and/or receiving services from homeless-serving agencies. Homeless participants (N = 919; 67.3% men) were recruited within two independent studies from Dallas and Oklahoma. Covariate-adjusted logistic regressions were used to measure associations between homelessness onset and mental illness as a reason for current homelessness, history of specific mental illnesses, the historical presence of severe mental illness, and severe mental illness comorbidity. Overall, 29.5% of the sample reported youth-onset homelessness and 24.4% reported mental illness as the reason for current homelessness. Results indicated that mental illness as a reason for current homelessness (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.12–2.34), history of specific mental illnesses (Bipolar disorder–AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.24–2.45, and Schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder–AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.22–2.74), history of severe mental illness (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.04–2.10), and severe mental illness comorbidities (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52) were each associated with increased odds of youth-onset homelessness. A better understanding of these relationships could inform needs for early interventions and/or better prepare agencies that serve at-risk youth to address precursors to youth homelessness.

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Olympia, Robert P., Abigail Nelson, Kelly Patterson, Andrew Groff, and Jodi Brady. "Injury and Illness Depicted in Running-Related Films." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 7 (March 6, 2019): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922819834281.

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The perception that children and adolescents have of injury and illness may be influenced by their depiction in sport-related films. The objective of this study was to determine the depiction of injury and illness in a select number of running-related films. A sample of 31 running-related films were analyzed, with a total of 77 injuries/illnesses depicted. The most common injuries/illnesses depicted were categorized as exertional heat exhaustion/stroke (26%), lower leg muscle cramps/not heat related (12%), ankle sprain (9%), knee ligamentous/meniscus injury (6%), exercise-associated collapse/not heat related (6%), and blister of the toe/foot (6%). Overall, 48/67 (64%) of the injuries/illnesses were considered severe emergencies (injury/illness requiring prompt intervention and immediate discontinuation of sport participation). The disposition of 46% of severe emergencies was the immediate continuation of training/competition. Pediatric health care providers, coaching staff, and parents should stress the importance of injury/illness recognition/disclosure and realistic expectations for rehabilitation to pediatric runners.

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Daniel, Meklit. "“A good conversation is better than a good bed”: How Migration Impacts Meanings of Health among Chronically Ill Ethiopian Immigrant Women." Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography 11, no. 3 (November 28, 2021): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/jue.v11i3.11244.

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Narratives reinstate meaning to the body and mind, especially after major life events like migration and illness. To better understand the interplay between migration status and narrative practices, I examine the functions and meanings of illness narratives among three Ethiopian immigrant women living with chronic illnesses. I investigate how these accounts impact the ways in which my interviewees identify and understand themselves in relation to their illnesses. The core of this article is divided into three sections—Stigma, Frustration, and Faith—each conveying my interlocutors’ migration and chronic illness experiences as well as the liberating and constraining effects of storytelling. Collectively, these themes highlight the agentive aspects of illness narratives that help chronically ill Ethiopian immigrant women assert control over their bodies and identities as they strive toward bettering their health.

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Saraceno, Benedetto, and Corrado Barbui. "Poverty and Mental Illness." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 3 (April 1997): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200306.

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Objective To assess the relationship between poverty and mental illness in order to stimulate debate on future international cooperation programs in mental health. Method Epidemiological data in the international literature addressing the issue of material poverty as a risk factor for the development of mental illness and as a prognostic factor for the outcome of mental illness were reviewed. Results The international literature reviewed supports the notion that material poverty is a risk factor for a negative outcome among mentally ill people. In addition, preliminary epidemiological data suggest that service-related variables may be determinants of outcome of mental illnesses. In our view, cooperation with developing countries is a great opportunity to evaluate mental health services in a natural setting. Conclusions A new generation of programs for international cooperation in mental health is needed, in which knowledge and technology transfer is based on a service-research attitude. Attention should be focused on variables related to the poverty of services that might be linked to the course and outcome of mental illnesses.

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Seys, Scott A., Fernando Sampedro, and Craig W. Hedberg. "Assessment of Meat and Poultry Product Recalls Due to Salmonella Contamination: Product Recovery and Illness Prevention." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 8 (July 12, 2017): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-424.

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ABSTRACT Data from the recalls of meat and poultry products from 2000 through 2012 due to Salmonella contamination were used to assess the factors associated with the recovery of the recalled product and to develop quantitative models to estimate the number of illnesses prevented by recalls. The percentage of product recovered following a recall action was not dependent on establishment size, recall expansions, complexity of the distribution chain, type of distribution, amount of time between the production and recall dates, or number of pounds of product recalled. However, illness-related recalls were associated with larger amounts of recalled product, smaller percentages of recalled product recovered, a greater number of days between the production date and recall date, and nationwide distribution than were recalls that were not illness related. In addition, the detection of recall-associated illnesses appeared to be enhanced in states with strong foodborne illness investigation systems. The number of Salmonella illnesses prevented by recalls was based on the number of illnesses occurring relative to the number of pounds consumed, which was then extrapolated to the number of pounds of recalled product recovered. A simulation using a program evaluation and review technique probability distribution with illness-related recalls from 2003 through 2012 estimated that there were 19,000 prevented Salmonella illnesses, after adjusting for underdiagnosis. Recalls not associated with illnesses from 2000 through 2012 prevented an estimated additional 8,300 Salmonella illnesses, after adjusting for underdiagnosis. Although further improvements to ensure accurate and complete reporting should be undertaken, our study demonstrates that recalls are an important tool for preventing additional Salmonella illnesses. Moreover, additional training resources dedicated to public health agencies for enhancing foodborne illness detection, investigations, and rapid response and reporting would further prevent illnesses.

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GÖKÇAY, Gönül, Erdal ERSARI ŞEN, Ali UĞURLU, and Arzuv HUDAYKULYYEVA. "APPROACH OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING TO CHILDREN AND FAMILIES WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS 50 (2023): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17363/sstb.2023/abcd89/.50.4.

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Chronic illness is a condition with increasing prevalence that requires medical care and affects children physically, psychosocially, and academically. Globally, one in four children is affected by chronic illnesses, accounting for approximately 10-30% of the total child population. In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the number of children monitored for chronic illnesses in Turkey. It is reported that 10-20% (approximately 700,000) of children under the age of 18 are followed up for chronic illnesses. Aim: This compilation is designed to examine how chronic illnesses in childhood affect children and their parents, coping mechanisms in this situation, and the roles of public health nurses in light of the literature. Method: The literature review of the study was conducted between November 15 and December 5, 2023. During the search, queries were performed using the keywords 'Chronic illness' AND 'Parent' AND 'Public health nursing' OR 'Chronic illness' AND 'Parent' AND 'Coping methods' along with their English translations on search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Ebscohost, Scopus, and CINAHL. Results: Chronic illnesses during childhood are categorized based on age groups: infancy (0-1 year), toddlerhood (1-3 years), preschool period (3-6 years), school-age period (6-12 years), and adolescence (12-18 years). Subsequently, the impact of chronic illness on parents and the role of nurses, the effect of chronic illness on siblings, coping mechanisms for children with chronic illnesses, and nursing care based on age groups are discussed. Conclusion: Coping with chronic illnesses can be a challenging process for both children and their families. Therefore, the support provided by healthcare professionals, especially public health nurses, to these families is of critical importance.

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Chinoy, A., M. Skae, A. Babiker, D. Kendall, M. Z. Mughal, and R. Padidela. "Impact of intercurrent illness on calcium homeostasis in children with hypoparathyroidism: a case series." Endocrine Connections 6, no. 8 (November 2017): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0234.

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Background Hypoparathyroidism is characterised by hypocalcaemia, and standard management is with an active vitamin D analogue and adequate oral calcium intake (dietary and/or supplements). Little is described in the literature about the impact of intercurrent illnesses on calcium homeostasis in children with hypoparathyroidism. Methods We describe three children with hypoparathyroidism in whom intercurrent illnesses led to hypocalcaemia and escalation of treatment with alfacalcidol (1-hydroxycholecalciferol) and calcium supplements. Results Three infants managed with standard treatment for hypoparathyroidism (two with homozygous mutations in GCMB2 gene and one with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome) developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia (two infants developed seizures) following respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses. Substantial increases in alfacalcidol doses (up to three times their pre-illness doses) and calcium supplementation were required to achieve acceptable serum calcium concentrations. However, following resolution of illness, these children developed an increase in serum calcium and hypercalciuria, necessitating rapid reduction to pre-illness dosages of alfacalcidol and oral calcium supplementation. Conclusion Intercurrent illness may precipitate symptomatic hypocalcaemia in children with hypoparathyroidism, necessitating increase in dosages of alfacalcidol and calcium supplements. Close monitoring is required on resolution of the intercurrent illness, with timely reduction of dosages of active analogues of vitamin D and calcium supplements to prevent hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.

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Bares, Cristina B., and Susan A. Gelman. "Knowledge of illness during childhood: Making distinctions between cancer and colds." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 5 (September 2008): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408093663.

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Research on children's knowledge of illnesses has largely concentrated on studying how children reason about common innocuous diseases. It is also important to uncover how children reason about more severe diseases, such as cancer, to be able to treat and communicate with children diagnosed with this disease. Several aspects of prevalent childhood cancers may challenge the intuitive theories that children hold about illness and can make cancer a difficult illness for children to understand. In the present study we assess knowledge of six dimensions (prognosis, internal, course, contamination, contagion, cause) of cancer and colds as a comparison illness. Healthy 5-, 7- and 10-year-olds, and adults were administered a yes/no and forced-choice questionnaire created to tap into six dimensions of two illnesses. Results indicate that 5-year-olds reason about cancer and colds in similar ways, but 7- and 10-year-olds begin to make a distinction between cancer and colds on some of the illness dimensions. Children in the youngest two age groups were found to think that cancer is just as contagious as colds but by age 10 children begin to think of cancer as a less contagious illness. Adults clearly differentiate between the two illnesses on almost all the dimensions.

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Mahboub, Samira M., Rahaf A. Aleyadhi, Reema I. Aldrees, and Shahad S. Almuhanna. "Knowledge and attitude towards mental illness among health and non-health university students in Riyadh." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204223.

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Background: Mental illness can affect anyone regardless of age, gender, and residence. Studying the attitude and knowledge about mental illnesses among university students is important, because they are the future decision makers dealing with such problems. The aim of this study was to assess level of knowledge and attitude towards mental illnesses among health and non-health university students in Riyadh.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study on students of the governmental universities in Riyadh with both health and non-health speciality. The total sample size was 587 students. The questionnaire was designed electronically, and the link was distributed through social media. It included socio-demographic questions, 17 questions to assess knowledge and 22 questions to assess the attitudes. The statistical tests used were chi square, independent sample t-test, spearman’s correlation and multiple linear regression tests.Results: More than half of the participants had a positive attitude toward mental illness (52%). Only 13.46% of university students had good knowledge about mental illness. Significant higher level of good knowledge and positive attitude were reported among health college students compared to non-health (24.7% versus 7.9% for good knowledge and 60.8% versus 48.3 for positive attitude respectively). Attitude towards mental illness can be successfully predicted by using the knowledge score about mental illness and the type of college.Conclusion: Low percentage of university students had good knowledge about mental illness and their attitude towards mental illness was generally positive. Health college students had better attitude and knowledge about mental illness than non-health.

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Jia, Cun-Xian, Lin-Lin Wang, Ai-Qiang Xu, Ai-Ying Dai, and Ping Qin. "Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China." Crisis 35, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000271.

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Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

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Harvey, Peter. "Introductory Reflections on Buddhism and Healing." Buddhist Studies Review 32, no. 1 (November 26, 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v32i1.28963.

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This introduction reflects on some key passages on illness in the P?li suttas, especially as regards the relationship of illness and karma, and whether Buddhist meditative qualities might be seen to alleviate or cure physical illnesses.

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Goulden, Keith J., Peter R. Camfield, Carol S. Camfield, John A. R. Tibbles, Joseph M. Dooley, Albert D. Fraser, and Kenneth W. Renton. "Changes in Serum Anticonvulsant Levels with Febrile Illness in Children with Epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 15, no. 3 (August 1988): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710002775x.

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ABSTRACT:Changes in anticonvulsant serum levels during intercurrent illness may cause toxicity or decreased seizure control in children with epilepsy. We studied prospectively the effect of intercurrent illness and its treatment in 111 children being treated with AC monotherapy. Free fraction and total serum AC levels were determined when the child was well, on the fifth day of any illness with fever and one month after recovery. There were 55 episodes of febrile illness in 39 children during the study period. Twelve illnesses were associated with significant increases or decreases in serum AC levels; 7 children became clinically toxic; 1 child had increased seizures during illness. The mechanisms of AC level changes appeared to include interaction with antibiotics, with antipyretics or with viral illness. Amoxycillin and acetaminophen did not appear to interact with the AC's used. Physicians caring for children with epilepsy should be aware of the frequency and complexity of potential interactions between intercurrent febrile illness and anticonvulsant medication.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Illness'

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