Journal articles on the topic 'Illinois Institute of Technology. College of Architecture'

On the 27th August 2019, at his Amsterdam office, DJ (Ana Tostões, editor, and Michel Melenhorst, guest editor) interviewed Wiel Arets, an internationally renowned architect, and the founder of Wiel Arets Architects (1983). He has since taught at several universities worldwide, having also been Dean of the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam (1995–2001) and Dean of the College of Architecture (CoA) at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in Chicago (2012–2017).

The following article is an edited version of the keynote presented at the 13th International docomomo Conference that took place in Seoul, Korea, on September 2014. The paper discusses how “Western” architecture was first introduced to Korean soil: a French Catholic missionary-architect built the Seoul Cathedral at the end of the 19th century. American and Canadian architects built educational buildings for the Protestant missionary-founded colleges in Korea. Japanese civil servant architects built some public buildings during the colonial rule. The work of two prominent Korean architects, Kim Chung-Up and Kim Swoo-Geun are discussed. The author discusses his education at Mies van der Rohe’s Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in mid-1950s, his work for the Master during the 1960s, and his teaching at IIT 1966 and 1978. He describes how his dual position of teaching at IIT and working for Mies gave him the opportunity to work on three projects of importance: the Mies Retrospective in Berlin in 1968; the exhibition proposal for the extension of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston of 1969; the Toronto-Dominion Bank executive floor and Banking Pavilion of 1966–1968. The author discusses several works of Mies van der Rohe to “demystify” the general perception that Mies was a rigid aesthetician: how Mies van der Rohe would arrive at design decisions not always sticking to the module, grid and geometry, contrary to the conventional reading of his architecture. The author then discusses five works from his three decades of practice with sac International in Seoul, highlighting where Mies’ influences might be found in these works: the Korea Military Academy Library of 1982; Seoul Hilton Hotel of 1983; the Weight-lifting Gymnasium for ‘88 Seoul Olympics of 1986; Kyongju Museum of Art of 1991; and the SK Group Office Building in Seoul of 1999. The paper also reflects on its relationship to the main theme of the recent International docomomo Conference in Seoul, Expansion and Conflict.

The Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals (ICCP) Education Foundation awarded a grant to the Applied Computer Science Department at Illinois State University to survey the qualifications and certifications held by information technology college faculty. The survey instrument was mailed to a random sample of information technology department chairs at two-year and four-year colleges. The overall response rate was 41 percent. Issues covered include faculty composition and qualifications, ways of certifying information technology faculty, continuing education requirements and recognition of ICCP certification. Survey results show major diversity in faculty composition and qualification requirements.

When the Armour and Lewis Institutes of Chicago merged in 1940 to form the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), the director of architecture, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, was asked to develop plans and design the buildings for the newly expanded 120-acre campus. Not since Thomas Jefferson's design of the University of Virginia in 1819 had a university campus been the work of a single architect. This responsibility was accorded to van der Rohe just two years after his entry into the United States and foretold the pivotal impact that his architecture would have on America and the world. Soon after his retirement from IIT in 1958, van der Rohe was awarded Gold Medals by both the Royal Institute of British Architects and the American Association of Architects. Five years later, President Lyndon Johnson presented van der Rohe with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian award.

Perhaps no building designed by Mies van der Rohe better exemplifies his dictum, “less is more”, than Carr Chapel. Its rectangular prismatic form and unadorned architecture led to its being called “the God Box” by the students it served at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). When a building is so simple and direct, every little detail needs to understood and attended to with great care in its conservation treatment. Combined with a chronic lack of funding, a seemingly simple project can become quite challenging and take over a decade to complete.

AbstractThe article discusses the question, if the past as a legitimation for collegiate architecture becomes obsolete after the change from historical styles to modern architecture in 20th century America. On the one hand, the example of Walter Gropius’ Harvard Graduate Center (1948) shows that traditions like the Harvard’s yard are still used on a very abstract level to fit a new building group into the university. On the other hand, the ambition of past decades to define future through architecture or a masterplan seems to be inappropriate after deep changes in society caused by the depression and by World War II later. As a consequence, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe tries to make changes possible for the new Campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology (after 1938): his grid allows to add new building parts easily, and to give them more or less a shape for changing functions.

Brief Biography: Alim Ul Gias is currently a Research Associate at the Centre for Parallel Computing (CPC), University of Westminster. He completed his PhD from Imperial College London in 2022. Before starting his PhD, Alim was a lecturer at Institute of Information Technology (IIT), University of Dhaka (DU). He completed his bachelor's and master's program from the same institute. His current research focuses on different Quality of Service (QoS) aspects of cloud-native applications e.g., microservices. In particular, he aims to address the performance and resource management challenges concenrining the microservices architecture.

ABSTRACT This paper describes the design of InterTech, a zero-energy mixed-use student residence hall, developed in 2018 by an interdisciplinary team of Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech) students for the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon Design Challenge, formerly known as Race to Zero. The main focus is the team’s integrated and iterative approach, which blended architectural design and engineering concepts and led to achieving the high-performance goal. InterTech aims to provide an innovative housing solution to Illinois Institute of Technology’s graduate students and their families. Located along State Street in between Illinois Tech’s main campus and downtown Chicago, it offers a mix of living options providing both independence and access to the campus and to the city. In addition to the residential program, the project includes a small grocery/cafe connected to an outdoor public plaza, and an underground garage. Energy modeling was introduced in the early design stages. The potential of on-site renewable energy generation defined the project’s target Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of 37 kBtu/sqft. Several passive and active strategies were implemented to reduce the building’s total energy needs and meet the target EUI. The implementation of energy conservation measures led to a 25% reduction of the building’s cooling load and a 33% reduction of the heating load. A design EUI of 28 kBtu/sqft was calculated, validating that this design met and exceeded the zero-energy goal.

Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 3Ana-Cornelia Badea, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, RomaniaAntonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USAArbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IranAusra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaÇelebi Uluyol, Gazi University, Turkey, TurkeyDonna Harp Ziegenfuss, The University of Utah, USADonna.Smith, The Open University, UKFirouzeh Sepehrian Azar, Orumieh University, IranGerard Hoyne, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, AustraliaGregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanHermes Loschi, University of Campinas, Braziljames badger, University of North Georgia, USAJisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong KongJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United KingdomJohn Lenon Ednave Agatep, AMA Computer College, PhilippinesLaid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, AlgeriaMichael John Maxel Okoche, Uganda Management Institute, UgandaNajia Sabir, Indiana University Bloomington, USANicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, CyprusQing Xie, Jiangnan University, ChinaRanjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, AustraliaSakiru Abiodun, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, NigeriaSandhya Rao Mehta, Sultan Qaboos University, IndiaSavitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, AustraliaTeguh Budiharso, Center of Language and Culture Studies, IndonesiaVasiliki Brinia, Athens University of Economic and Business, GreeceYi Luo, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, USA

ResumenLos partidarios de la ‘arquitectura de los sentidos’, de la ‘arquitectura de la experiencia’, están de enhorabuena. Aunque a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y de la mano de la crisis del racionalismo funcionalista moderno, el organicismo comenzó a recuperar alas, impulso y vigencia, lo cierto es que en la clásica y aún vigente confrontación entre lo racional y lo sensorial, el primero –el racionalismo– ha contado con el respaldo de la objetividad científica mientras el segundo –lo sensorial– ha sido víctima de su supuesto relativismo, ambigüedad y en muchas ocasiones impronta romántico sensiblera: la ciencia siempre ha sido el mejor aval para legitimar propuestas y teorías. Ocurre que, los avances de la neurociencia, que estudia el cerebro, (los mayores a finales de siglo XX y en las dos primeras décadas de este siglo XXI), otorgan cada vez más preeminencia a los aspectos emotivos y perceptivos que a los racionales y abstractos; cuestión ésta que ha revolucionado muchas disciplinas como la psicología y afectado a algunos de los discursos arquitectónicos, como el de Harry Francis Mallgrave. La reciente obra del arquitecto, académico, editor y distinguido profesor emérito en el Illinois Institute of Technology, se ha focalizado en la relación de las ciencias y humanidades contemporáneas con el pensamiento arquitectónico.AbstractProponents of the ‘architecture of the senses’ or of the ‘architecture of experience’ are in luck. Despite the fact that from the second half of the twentieth century, hand in hand with the crisis of modern functionalist rationalism, ‘organicism’ began to recover wings, momentum, and validity, the truth is that in this classic and ongoing confrontation between the rational and the sensory, the former—rationalism—has been supported by scientific objectivity, while the latter—the sensory—has been a victim of its alleged relativism and ambiguity, and on many occasions, sentimental romantic imprint: science has always been the best guarantee to legitimize proposals and theories. Yet it so happens that advances of neuroscience, which studies the brain, (the greatest at the end of the twentieth century and in the first two decades of this twenty-first century), give more and more prominence to the emotional and perceptive aspects than to rational and abstract ones. This issue has revolutionized disciplines such as psychology and affected certain architectural discourses, such as that of Harry Francis Mallgrave. The recent work of the architect, scholar, editor, and distinguished professor emeritus at the Illinois Institute of Technology, has focused on the relationship between contemporary science and humanities and architectural thought.

Journal of Mathematics Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether Journal of Mathematics Research publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 4Abdelaziz Mennouni, University of Bordj Bou-Arreridj, AlgeriaArman Aghili, University of Guilan, IranCecilia Rosa, Instituto Politecnico da Guarda, PortugalCinzia Bisi, Ferrara University, ItalyKong Liang, University of Illinois at Springfield, USAKuldeep Narain Mathur, University Utara Malaysia, MalaysiaMarek Brabec, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicMohammad Sajid, Qassim University, Saudi ArabiaOmur Deveci, Kafkas University, TurkeyPhilip Philipoff, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaRami Ahmad El-Nabulsi, Athens Institute for Education and Research, GreeceRussell John Higgs, University College Dublin, IrelandSanjib Kumar Datta, University of Kalyani, IndiaSergiy Koshkin, University of Houston Downtown, USASreedhara Rao Gunakala, The University of The West Indies, Trinidad and TobagoVishnu Narayan Mishra, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, IndiaZoubir Dahmani, University of Mostaganem, Algeria Sophia WangOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Mathematics ResearchCanadian Center of Science and Education

These multiple case studies investigate thermal and environmental architectural details unique to the Japanese-designed educational facilities in Thailand, namely [1] King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 's Auditorium and Memorial Hall, [2] Lecture Halls, [3] Kasetsart University's Central Laboratory, [4] Thammasat University's Institute of Japanese Studies, and [5] Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s Research Center. Data sources include archival records, site surveys, and interviews. The findings reveal various design strategies, such as double-layer walls, complex roofing design, specific orientation, and water features that contemporary sustainable building designs may adopt to increase thermal comfort while reducing energy consumption. Keywords: human comfort; Japanese Modernism; tropical architecture eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2023. The Authors. Published for AMER & cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i24.4692

Mies enjoyed great prominence in Europe and America. Starting in Europe, his first incursions resulted in the German Pavilion for the Barcelona International Exhibition (1929), the Tugendhat House (1930) and the Krefeld silk factory and houses. The Illinois Institute of Technology (1943-1957), the Lake Shore Drive (1951), the Farnsworth House (1951), the Seagram building (1958) and the Toronto-Dominion Centre (1969), bear witness to his work in North America. Back in Berlin, The Neue Nationalgalerie (1968) testifies to the sublime and perfect achievement of his path towards Baukunst and Zeitwille. These ideas, which one may translate, respectively, as the art of building and the will of the time, are anchored in the Mies’s belief that architecture should be metaphysically charged with creative life force. This led him to the modern achievement of developing a new kind of freedom of movement in space, following his sense of order and his very unique conception of urban space.

The Sibolga Institute of Marine and Fisheries Science design is a college plan that organizes academic and vocational education in groups of science, technology, and arts disciplines focused on the marine and fisheries sector in Sibolga City. This design is reviewed based on the great potential of fisheries and marine in the Sibolga area. However, it has not been appropriately managed and optimally so far. In addition, the Sibolga Institute of Marine and Fisheries Science design is expected to answer the problem of limited educational facilities, especially in the scope of marine and fisheries science in Sibolga City. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method. Site survey and literature studies on metaphoric architecture principles serve as the primary data collection technique in the study. The application of a design with a symbolic architectural theme is expected to represent the function of the building. Therefore, observers and building users will have their ideas and impressions of the activities that occur in the building through the shape of the mass and the facade of the building. This study can benefit future studies that attempt to apply metaphoric architecture in their design.

This paper mainly deals with energy consumption and monitoring of each block after carefully observing where the losses occur and how to minimize these losses and how to reduce unit consumption of each block and units consumed by capacitor bank. Base loads and Peak loads can be observed and operated in such a way as to reduce unit consumption.MLR college has 315KVA power from the grid as well as 260KW solar power generating unit where 40 percent of the power from the grid is saved. Proper planning for operating the underground bore motors used for Hostels, Mess and College buildings also saves some amount of units consumed by these motors. Further if power factor is maintained 0.99 instead of 0.2 or 0.3 some amount of units consumed can be saved. Further if maximum demand is prevented from reaching beyond the transformer rating then some amount of units consumed can be saved. Installing copper earth pits of suitable numbers for each block and balancing the loads in each phase can also reduce the losses.Synchronizing panel is to be connected to the existing 4 generators of rating 200KVA,180KVA and two numbers of 125 KVA to utilize the power resources properly.The common electrical problems like short circuit, open circuit, over voltage, low voltage, frequent power cuts, low power factor, high electricity bills damage in the meters etc. The above electrical problems are identified, rectified and frequently monitored through modern technologies like IOT.

El S. R. Crown Hall constituye el primer ejemplo construido de espacio universal de gran luz en la trayectoria del arquitecto Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Destinado a albergar la escuela de arquitectura de la que era director, el proyecto debía además resumir el primero de los principios sobre los que se asentaba su docencia en el Illinois Institute of Technology: la estructura como factor arquitectónico, sus posibilidades y limitaciones. Este artículo profundiza en el proceso de desarrollo del proyecto de Mies, poniéndolo en contexto con su experiencia como docente en el IIT, buscando establecer posibles conexiones entre su arquitectura y sus enseñanzas. Para ello, se compara la solución estructural definitiva con uno de los proyectos supervisados por él dentro del programa de posgrado: la vivienda de Jacques Brownson. Dos estructuras de diferente escala, pero idéntica tipología, para el desarrollo de las cuales se contó con la colaboración del ingeniero estructural Frank Kornacker.

Abstract Having graduated in architecture at the University of Technology Wien [Vienna], I subsequently engaged in post-graduate studies at The Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning / University College London. Corporate design and signage design attracted my attention. Back home a major bank and Vienna airport (VIE), among others, were the first clients of my company. As chairman of Committee 133 “Public information symbols” of “Austrian Standards”, I was responsible for the elaboration of several theme specific national and international standards. In 1993 I founded the IIID International Institute for Information Design. Several r&d projects within the frame of the 6th and 7th European Union Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development were carried out. However, due to the required but denied support from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research, the founding of an interdisciplinary institute, affiliated to the United Nations University (UNU), did not materialize. No chance either to establish “Visual Communication Design” at a local university. Until now the Department of Typography and Graphic Communication of The University of Reading (UK) seems to be the only theme specific institution on tertiary university level in Europe. Challenges nowadays range from legible medical package inserts to a much required unified system for the European Union highway signs.

Robert Ousterhout, the author of a magnificent book “Eastern Medieval Architecture. The Building Traditions of Bizantium and Neighboring Lands”, published by Oxford University Press in 2019, the remarkable scholar and generous friend, was so kind to mention in his C. V. on the sight of Penn University (Philadelphia, USA) that he had been the Visiting professor of the Moscow architectural Institute (State Academy), as well as simulteniously of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, but he did not say that he had been awarded the degree of professor honoris causa by the academic council of MARHI. Unfortunately, his life in muscovite hostel, nevertheless we tried to do our best to provide the best possible accommodation in a “suit” with two rooms with a bathroom, had been radically different from the wonderful dwelling chosen for the visiting teaching stuff from MARHI in the University of Illinois. And Robert called our hostel “Gulag”. He had been joking probably. It is impossible to overestimate the role of professor Robert Ousterhaut in the studies of the history of Byzantine art. At the present day he is the leader in the world studies of the architecture of Byzantium, the real heir of the great Rihard Krauthaimer and Slobodan Curcic, whom he had left behind in his works. His books are known very well in Russia. R. Ousterhaut graduated in the history of art and architecture at the University of Oregon, the Institute of European Studies in Vienna, Universities of Cincinati and Illinois. Не worked at the department of history of art at the University of Oregon, department of history of architecture at the University of Illinois, had the chair of the history of architecture and preservation at the University of Illinois, which is considered, as we know, one of the twenty best American universities. He always worked hard and with success. When I had finished reading my course of the history of Russian architecture at Illinois, he said: “Yes, next term the students are to be treated well…” Now he is professor emeritus of the history of art in the famous Penn University. He taught the courses of the “History of architecture from Prehistory to 1400” and “Eastern medieval architecture” as well as led remarkable seminars devoted to the different problem of the history of architecture of the Eastern Meditarenian, including the art of Constantinopole, Cappadoce, meaning and identity in medieval art. His remarkable 4-years field work at Cappadoce, which he described in several books, and his efforts of the preservation of the architectural monuments of Constantinopole are very valuable, Among his books one certainly must cite Holy Apostels: Lost Monument and Forgotten Project, (Washingtone, D. C., 2020); Visualizing Community: Art Material Culture, and Settlement in Byzantine Cappadocia, Dumbarton Oaks Studies 46 (Washington, D. C., 2017); Carie Camii (Istambul, 2011); Architecture of the Sacred: Space, Ritual, and Experience from Classical Greece to Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 2012), ed. with Bonna D. Wescoat; Palmyra 1885: The Wolfe Expedition and the Photographs of John Henry Haynes, with B. Anderson (Istanbul: Cornucopia, 2016) John Henry Haynes: Archaeologist and Photographer in the Ottoman Empire 1881–1900 (2nd revised edition, Istanbul: Cornucopia, 2016). Several of his books were reprinted. He edited Approaches to Architecture and Its Decoration: Festschrift for Slobodan Ćurčić (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012), with M. Johnson and A. Papalexandrou. His outstanding book Мaster Builders of Byzantium (2nd paperback edition, University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications, 2008) was translated into Russian and Turkish. In this work Robert Ousterhaut for the first time in English speaking tradition is regarding the architecture of Bazantium from the point of view of building art and technology. On the base of the analysis of primary written sources, contemporary archeology data, and careful study of existing monuments the author concludes that the Byzantine architecture was not only exploiting the traditions, but was trying to find new ways of the development of typology and construction techniques, which led to transformation of artistique features. Professor R. Ousterhaut discusses the choice of building materials, structure from foundations to vaults, theoretical problems which solved the master masons of Byzantium. In his recent book Eastern Medieval Architecture: The Building Traditions of Byzantium and Neighboring Lands, (Oxford University Press, 2019) Robert Ousterhaut is going further. He writes in the introduction: “I succeded my mentor at the University of Illinois… I had the privilege and challenge of teaching “Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture” to generations of the architecture students inspired my 1999 book, Master Builders of Byzantium. The work of Robert Ousterhaut, published 2019, is the new and full interpretation of the architectural heritage of Byzantine Commonwealth. The author devoted the first part of his book to Late Antiquity (3–7 centuries), beginning with the relations of Domus Ecclesiastae and Church Basilica, then speaking of Konstantinopole and Jerusalem of the times of St. Constantine the Great, liturgy, inspiration, commemoration and pilgrimage, adoration of relics as ritual factors which influenced the formation of sacred space, methods and materials, chosen by the Bizantine builders with their interaction of the mentality of the East and West. Special attention is given to dwelling, urban planning and fortification Naturally a chapter is devoted to Hagia Sophia and the building programs of Emperor Justinian. The second part speaks of the transition to what is called Middle Byzantine architecture both in the capital and at the edges of the Empire. The third part tells the story of the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries and includes the rise of the monasteries, once more secular and urban architecture, the craft of church builders. Churches of Greece and Macedonia, Anatolia, Armenia and Georgia, as well as of the West of Byzantium – Venice, Southern Italy and Sicily. The chapter is devoted to Slavonic Balkans – Bulgaria and Serbia and Kievan Rus. The last fourth part of the book describes the times of the Latin Empire, difficult for Byzantium, to the novelty of the architecture of Palewologos and the development of Byzantine ideas in the Balkans and especially in the building programs of the great powers of the epoch Ottoman Empire and Russia. There is a lot more to say about the book of professor Robert Ousterhaut, but we have to leave this to the next issue of this magazine, and better give the space to the words of the author – his text on the architecture of Kievan Rus.

This paper will look at the celebrations of concrete apparent in the Brutalist architecture of the 1970s. It will particularly examine Toomath's Wellington Teachers' Training College (Stage I design 1962-65, built 1966-69; Stage II design 1966-69; built 1972-75), Chris Brooke-White's Central Institute of Technology campus in Heretaunga, Upper Hutt (Stage 1, 1969-72; Stage II, 1972-77), and Ted McCoy's additions to Otago University (namely the Archway Theatres (1972-73) and the Hocken Building (1979-80)). Concrete is understood on these sites as textures as well as spatial articulators. Helmut Einhorn's 1975 consideration of concrete surfaces for the Wellington Urban Motorway, Charles Fearnley's 1975 Where have all the Textures gone? and Banham's 1955 "The New Brutalism," will provide the prime theoretical context.

School of Architecture and Design, K. R. Mangalam University has successfully organized a Three-Day National Conference on "MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING: ENHANCING THE CONNECTIONS" on 1st- 3rd June 2023. This National Conference was in collaboration with the Council of Architecture -Training and Research Centre, Bhopal, along with Piloo Mody College of Architecture-Cuttack and SRM Institute of Science and Technology- Chennai. PMC and SRM as intellectual partners. Architecture and urban planning, among humanity's oldest professions, preserve our history and enable us to reflect on the past, celebrate the present, and envision a brighter future. Modern architecture, with abundant resources and advanced technology, pushes the boundaries of knowledge, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration to address contemporary challenges. The 'National Conference on Multidisciplinary Aspects of Architecture and Planning: Enhancing Connections (NCMAD 2023)' was convened to establish a global forum for comprehensive discussions on Architecture and Design, fostering research, and showcasing the latest innovations, trends, and solutions in the field. The conference featured themes like functionality, livability, sustainability, urban conservation, history, and criticism in architecture, design, planning, and innovation.The conference attracted a broad audience from both industry and academia, presenting diverse papers that highlighted innovative approaches to optimize function, aesthetics, and structural integrity in building and planning projects with interdisciplinary insights. It effectively addressed various factors impacting contemporary urban life, emphasizing the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in architecture and planning, and stressing global competitiveness, sustainability, and innovation. Out of 92 submitted papers, 67 were shortlisted for presentation, and 13 were selected for publication in the UGC Care-Listed Journal "ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts" as a special issue titled "Enhancing Connections in Visual and Performing Arts: Multidisciplinary Insights in Architecture and Planning" Distinguished speakers at the conference included Prof. Abhay Vinayak Purohit, Dr. Navneet Munouth, Dr. C. Pradeepa, Sivakumar Srinivasan, Dr. Prashant Anand, and Dr. B.C. Roy. The event emphasized the essential role of a proactive, multidisciplinary approach in designing functional and innovative environments while addressing contemporary challenges.I extend my heartfelt gratitude to Granthaalayah Publications for their valuable collaboration with our institution, inspiring and acknowledging researchers. The School of Architecture and Design, K. R. Mangalam University, and Piloo Mody College of Architecture eagerly anticipate further elevating this partnership by making significant research contributions to advance interdisciplinary research in the fields of art and architecture.

The author, currently professor at the School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan, teaches house design, carries out research leading to a theory on the spatial structure of human settlements in Japan, and parallely acts as a design advisor for human settlements as well as a practicing architect. Dr Doi, who was born in Yokohama, took his degrees as an architect-engineer - Bachelors, Masters, and Ph. D in engineering - from Kyoto University. He completed the Education Program provided by the Graduate School of Ekistics of the Athens Technological Organization, Greece, and studied at the Department of Urban Studies and Planning of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), where his advisor was Professor Kevin Lynch. Prior to his present position, he was a member of the teaching staff, Department of Architecture, Kyoto University and a Professor of Architecture at the Akashi National College of Technology. Dr Doi has been a member of the World Society for Ekistics since 1986. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

The author, a graduate of the Architectural Association (AA) London , with further studies at the Department of City and Regional Planning, Harvard University, USA , has since 1960 been professionally involved in architecture , planning and development economics , as principal architect at Malayan Architects Co-Partnership, Design Partnership (later renamed DP Architects) and until 2002, William Lim Associates. In addition to his role as Co-founder and Chairman of the Asian Urban Lab and President of AA Asia, Dr Lim was President of the Singapore Heritage Society and President of the Singapore Planning and Research Group (SPUR). Presently, he is Adjunct Professor of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Australia - where he was conferred a Doctor of Architecture Honoris Causa - and Honorary Professor of La Salle-SIA College of the Arts (Singapore). Mr Lim is a member of the World Society for Ekistics. His numerous writings and lectures on a wide range of subjects relating to architecture, urbanism and culture in Asia as well as on current issues relating to the postmodern, "glocality" and social justice, are compiled in nine books, some of which have been translated into Japanese and Thai. Furthermore, he is co-author with Tan Hock-Beng of Contemporary Vernacular: Evoking Traditions in Asian Architecture (1997), co-editor of vol. 10, Southeast Asia (1999) of World Architecture: A Critical Mosaic 1 900-2000, and Editor of Postmodern Singapore (2002).

With enrollment in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) shrinking, teachers are faced with the problem of appealing to a new generation of students without sacrificing educational quality. Evidence has shown that this problem can be reduced with the use of a number of pedagogical strategies of which project-based learning (PBL) is one. PBL addresses the fundamental challenge of increasing students’ motivation, their mastery of course material, and finding applications for what they have learned to apply in various situations. This study demonstrates the benefits of redesigning a standard lab-based molecular biology course to create a more effective learning environment. Using PBL, students who enrolled in Bio-251 at Harold Washington College in Chicago were given the responsibility of cloning a bacterial gene from one species into a new host species. They were then tasked with the expression and purification of the resulting protein for future research purposes at University of Illinois-Chicago, a leading 4-year research institute. With use of the PBL method, students showed improvement in the areas of self-confidence, lab technical skills, and interest in STEM-related fields and, most of all, the students showed a high level of performance and satisfaction.

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2   Alina Badulescu, University of Oradea, Romania Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, Iran Anna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Antonio Usai, University of Sassari, Italy Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA Aurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania Celina Maria Olszak, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Chokri Kooli, International Center for Basic Research applied, Paris, Canada Claudia Isac, University of Petrosani, Romania Cristian Marian Barbu, “ARTIFEX” University, Romania Cristian Rabanal, National University of Villa Mercedes, Argentina Dionito F. Mangao, Cavite State University – Naic Campus, Philippines Farouq Altahtamouni, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Fisal University, Jordan Federica Caboni, University of Cagliari, Italy Giuseppe Granata, University of Cassino and Southen Lazio, Italy Guy Baroaks, Ruppin academic center, Israel Haldun Şecaattin Çetinarslan, Turkish Naval Forces Command, Turkey Hanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Henrique Fátima Boyol Ngan, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao, Macao Hung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, China Imran Riaz Malik, IQRA University, Pakistan Janusz Wielki, Opole University of Technology, Poland L. Leo Franklin, Bharathidasn University, India Lee Yok Yong, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Maria-Madela Abrudan, University of ORADEA, Romania Maryam Ebrahimi, Azad University, Iran Miriam Jankalová, University of Zilina, Slovakia Miroslav Iordanov Mateev, American University, Dubai, UAE Modar Abdullatif, Middle East University, Jordan Mohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia Mohsen Malekalketab Khiabani, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia Muath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USA Murat Akin, Omer Halisdemir University FEAS – NIGDE, Turkey Pascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UK Rafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, Australia Razana Juhaida Johari, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Riaz Ahsan, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Riccardo Cimini, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Roxanne Helm Stevens, Azusa Pacific University, USA Serhii Kozlovskiy, Donetsk National University, Ukraine Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq Valeria Stefanelli, University of Salento, Italy Wanmo Koo, Western Illinois University, USA Wejdene Yangui, Institute of High Business Studies of Sfax _ Tunisia (IHEC), Tunisia Wing- Keung Wong, Asia University, Taiwan, China Yasmin Tahira, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, UAE Zi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 11   Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, Iran Anca Gabriela Turtureanu, “DANUBIUS” University Galati, Romania Andrea Carosi, University of Sassari, Italy Andrei Buiga, “ARTIFEX University of Bucharest, Romania Anna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Antônio André Cunha Callado, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernmabuco, Brazil Antonio Usai, University of Sassari, Italy Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA Bazeet Olayemi Badru, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Nigeria Chokri Kooli, International Center for Basic Research applied, Paris, Canada Duminda Kuruppuarachchi, University of Otago, New Zealand Essia Ries Ahmed, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Fevzi Esen, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkey Filomena Izzo, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy Francesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy Grzegorz Zasuwa, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland Haldun Şecaattin Çetinarslan, Turkish Naval Forces Command, Turkey Hanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Herald Monis, Milagres College, India Hsiao-Ching Kuo, Washington and Jefferson College, USA Hung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, China Ionela-Corina Chersan, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University from Iași, Romania Iwona Gorzeń-Mitka, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland Janusz Wielki, Opole University of Technology, Poland Keshmeer Makun, University o the South Pacific, Fiji Khaled Mokni, Northern Border University, Tunisia L. Leo Franklin, Bharathidasn University, India Luisa Pinto, University of Porto School of Economics, Portugal Mahdi Shadkam, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia Manuel A. R. da Fonseca, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Maria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome “LA SAPIENZA”, Italy Michaela Maria Schaffhauser-Linzatti, University of Vienna, Austria Miriam Jankalová, University of Zilina, Slovakia Miroslav Iordanov Mateev, American University, Dubai, UAE Mithat Turhan, Mersin University, Turkey Mohsen Malekalketab Khiabani, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia Muath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USA Murat Akin, Omer Halisdemir University FEAS – NIGDE, Turkey Ozgur Demirtas, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey Radoslav Jankal, University of Zilina, Slovakia Riaz Ahsan, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Roxanne Helm Stevens, Azusa Pacific University, USA Serhii Kozlovskiy, Donetsk National University, Ukraine Shun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Wanmo Koo, Western Illinois University, USA Yasmin Tahira, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, UAE

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: ibr@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 14, Number 12   Ahnaf Ali Alsmady, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Anca Gabriela Turtureanu, “DANUBIUS” University Galati, Romania Anna Maria Calce, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Benjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, Nigeria Bruno Ferreira Frascaroli, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil Chokri Kooli, International Center for Basic Research applied, Paris, Canada Chuan Huat Ong, SEGi University Kota Damansara, Malaysia Chunyu Zhang, Guangxi Normal University, China Cristian Marian Barbu, “ARTIFEX” University, Romania Francesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy Giuseppe Granata, University Mercatorum of Rome, Italy Gnahe franck E, JIANGXI UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS, COTE D’IVOIRE Hanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Henrique Fátima Boyol Ngan, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao, Macao Hind Ahmed, Ahfad university for Women, Sudan Ivano De Turi, LUM Jean Monnet University, Italy Janusz Wielki, Opole University of Technology, Poland L. Leo Franklin, Bharathidasn University, India Ladislav Mura, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia Lee Yok Yong, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Leow Hon Wei, SEGi University, Malaysia MALIK ELHAJ, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, USA Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Marco Valeri, Niccolò Cusano University, Italy Maria-Madela Abrudan, University of ORADEA, Romania Mohammad S. Knio, City University College of Ajman, UK Mustafa Özer, Anadolu University, FEAS, Turkey Omer Allagabo Omer Mustafa, Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences, Sudan Pascal Stiefenhofer, University of Exeter, UK Rosemary Boateng Coffie, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and |Technology, Ghana Roxanne Helm Stevens, Azusa Pacific University, USA Sachita Yadav, Arun Jaitley National Institute of Financial Management, India Sara Saggese, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Shrijan Gyanwali, Pokhara University, Nepal Stoyan Neychev, University of National and World Economy, Bulgaria Sumathisri Bhoopalan, SASTRA Deemed to be University, India Wanmo Koo, Western Illinois University, USA Yan Lu, University of Central Florida, USA

Mies van der Rohe is one of the four most famous modern architects in the world in the middle of the 20th century, also a great educator, the third president of the Bauhaus school, the director of the Department of Architecture of the Illinois Institute of Technology, his design ideas for the development of the industrialized society pointed out the direction of the building, and the design concept he put forward, "less is more", has profoundly influenced and changed other designers' understanding and expression of design, such ideas advocate nature and transcend freedom. His design concept of "less is more" has also profoundly influenced and changed other designers' understanding and expression of design. This paper analyzes the works from the background of the times and a cultural point of view, applying the viewpoints of comparison, dialectic, connection, and development to discuss his philosophical concepts, creative methods, and the intrinsic connection of indoor spatial art forms and the influence on modern design, to promote designers' understanding of design aesthetics and to encourage designers' understanding of design aesthetics. This paper analyzes the works from the perspective of time background and culture, using comparative, dialectic, connection, and development to discuss their philosophical concepts, creative methods, and the inner connection of interior space art forms and their influence on modern design, to encourage design workers to have a deeper understanding of design aesthetics.

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 1   Abedalqader Rababah, Arab Open University, Oman Ajit Kumar Kar, Indian Metal & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Alireza Athari, Eastern Mediterranean University, Iran Andrei Buiga, “ARTIFEX University of Bucharest, Romania Anna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA Aurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania Bazeet Olayemi Badru, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Nigeria Benjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, Nigeria Celina Maria Olszak, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Claudia Isac, University of Petrosani, Romania Dionito F. Mangao, Cavite State University – Naic Campus, Philippines Duminda Kuruppuarachchi, University of Otago, New Zealand Federica Caboni, University of Cagliari, Italy Federica De Santis, University of Pisa, Italy Georges Samara, ESADE Business School, Lebanon Gianluca Ginesti, University of Naples “FEDERICO II”, Italy Gilberto MarquezIllescas, University of Rhode Island, USA Guo ZiYi, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA Hejun Zhuang, Brandon University, Canada Henrique Fátima Boyol Ngan, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao, Macao Herald Monis, Milagres College, India HungChe Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yatsen University, China Joanna Katarzyna Blach, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Manuel A. R. da Fonseca, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Maria do Céu Gaspar Alves, University of Beira Interior, Portugal Maria Teresa Bianchi, University of Rome “LA SAPIENZA”, Italy MariaMadela Abrudan, University of ORADEA, Romania Marta Joanna Ziólkowska, Warsaw School of Economics (Szkoła Główna Handlowa), Poland Maryam Ebrahimi, Azad University, Iran Michaela Maria SchaffhauserLinzatti, University of Vienna, Austria Michele Rubino, Università LUM Jean Monnet, Italy Mithat Turhan, Mersin University, Turkey Mohsen Malekalketab Khiabani, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia Mongi Arfaoui, University of Monastir, Tunisia Murat Akin, Omer Halisdemir University FEAS – NIGDE, Turkey Ozgur Demirtas, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey Pascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UK Roxanne Helm Stevens, Azusa Pacific University, USA Sara Saggese, University of Naples Federico II, Italy Serhii Kozlovskiy, Donetsk National University, Ukraine Shame Mukoka, Zimbabwe Open University, Zimbabwe Shun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Silvia Ferramosca, University of Pisa, Italy Sumathisri Bhoopalan, SASTRA Deemed to be University, India Tatiana Marceda Bach, Centro Universitário Univel (UNIVEL), Brazil Vassili JOANNIDES de LAUTOUR, Grenoble École de Management (France) and Queensland University of Technology School of Accountancy (Australia), France Wanmo Koo, Western Illinois University, USA Wasilu Suleiman, Bauchi State University, Nigeria Wejdene Yangui, Institute of High Business Studies of Sfax _ Tunisia (IHEC), Tunisia

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 10   Andrea Carosi, University of Sassari, Italy Anna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Antônio André Cunha Callado, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernmabuco, Brazil Ashford C Chea, Benedict College, USA Aurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania Benjamin James Inyang, University of Calabar, Nigeria Bruno Ferreira Frascaroli, Federal University of Paraiba, BrazilBrazil, Celina Maria Olszak, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland Cheng Jing, eBay, Inc. / University of Rochester, USA Chokri Kooli, International Center for Basic Research applied, Paris, Canada Claudia Isac, University of Petrosani, Romania Dea’a Al-Deen Al-Sraheen, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan , Jordan Eunju Lee, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA Federica De Santis , University of Pisa , Italy Foued Hamouda, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, Tunisia Francesco Ciampi, Florence University, Italy Gilberto Marquez-Illescas , University of Rhode Island, USA Giuseppe Granata, University of Cassino and Southen Lazio, Italy Giuseppe Russo, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Italy Guo Zi-Yi, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA Imran Riaz Malik, IQRA University, Pakistan Janusz Wielki, Opole University of Technology, Poland Jerome Kueh, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Joseph Lok-Man Lee, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Ladislav Mura, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovakia Luisa Pinto, University of Porto School of Economics, Portugal Manuel A. R. da Fonseca, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil Manuela Rozalia Gabor, “Petru Maior” University of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania Marcelino José Jorge, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Maria-Madela Abrudan, University of ORADEA, Romania Maryam Ebrahimi, Azad University, Iran Mithat Turhan, Mersin University, Turkey Modar Abdullatif, Middle East University, Jordan Mohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia Ozgur Demirtas, Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey Pascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UK Rafiuddin Ahmed, James Cook University, Australia Riaz Ahsan, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan Sumathisri Bhoopalan, SASTRA Deemed to be University, India Valeria Stefanelli, University of Salento, Italy Valerija Botric, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, Croatia Wanmo Koo, Western Illinois University, USA Wejdene Yangui, Institute of High Business Studies of Sfax _ Tunisia (IHEC), Tunisia Yasmin Tahira, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, UAE

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 5 Abderrazek Hassen Elkhaldi, University of Sousse, TunisiaAnna Paola Micheli, Univrtsity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, ItalyAurelija Burinskiene, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LithuaniaCelina Maria Olszak, University of Economics in Katowice, PolandFawzieh Mohammed Masad, Jadara University, JordanFederica De Santis, University of Pisa , ItalyFevzi Esen, Istanbul Medeniyet University, TurkeyFilomena Izzo, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, ItalyFlorin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, RomaniaFrancesco Ciampi, Florence University, ItalyFrancesco Scalera, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", ItalyGrzegorz Zasuwa, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, PolandHanna Trojanowska, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandHung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaImran Riaz Malik, IQRA University, PakistanJorge Mongay-Hurtado, ESIC Business and Marketing School, SpainKaren Gulliver, Argosy University, Twin Cities, USAM. Muzamil Naqshbandi, University of Dubai, UAEMaria do Céu Gaspar Alves, University of Beira Interior, PortugalMaurizio Rija, University of Calabria, ItalyMihaela Simionescu, Institute for Economic Forecasting of the Romanian Academy, RomaniaModar Abdullatif, Middle East University, JordanMohamed Abdel Rahman Salih, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaMohamed Rochdi Keffala, University of Kairouan, TunisiaMuath Eleswed, American University of Kuwait, USAMurat Akin, Omer Halisdemir University FEAS – NIGDE, TurkeyÖzcan IŞIK, Cumhuriyet University, TurkeyPascal Stiefenhofer, University of Brighton, UKProsper Senyo Koto, Dalhousie University, CanadaRadoslav Jankal, University of Zilina, SlovakiaRiccardo Cimini, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, ItalyRoberto Campos da Rocha Miranda, University Center Iesb, BrazilShun Mun Helen Wong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongValeria Stefanelli, University of Salento, ItalyVincent Grèzes, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), SwitzerlandWanmo Koo, Western Illinois University, USAWing-Keung Wong, Asia University, Taiwan, China

Abstract The 2nd International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering is an international event that has been successfully held in a hybrid mode (online and onsite) organized by the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers (TIIAME), Tashkent, Uzbekistan. ICECAE is a privileged space to discuss current issues related to Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering. This international event aims to explore emerging technologies and concepts in a collaborative way, bringing together scientists, researchers, engineers, students and professionals from different areas. ICECAE 2021 proceedings collected the latest research and results in the field of energetics, civil and agricultural engineering. All manuscripts published in the proceeding have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. In the honorable and keynote speeches sessions, honorable speakers were each allocated 40 minutes and keynote speakers were each allocated 20-25 minutes to hold their speeches. We were honored to invite 3 honorable speakers (Professor Josep M. Guerrero, Professor Saifur Rahman, and Professor Mohammad Shahidehpour) and 10 distinguished experts as keynote speakers to present their insightful speeches. As honorable speakers, Professor Josep M. Guerrero (from Aalborg University – Denmark) talked about Space Microgrids – NanoSats, Lunar Bases and Closed Ecosystems, Professor Saifur Rahman (from Virginia Tech Advanced Research Institute - USA) delivered a speech on Global Electric Power Sector: Engaging with Environmental Issues, and Professor Mohammad Shahidehpour (from Illinois Institute of Technology - USA) held a speech on Blockchain for Transactive Energy Management in Renewable Energy Systems. As keynote speakers, Prof. Dr. Jan Wincenty Dobrowolski (AGH University of Science and Technology - Poland) shared his experiences related to his 50 years contribution to global cooperation on Sustainable Development 1971-2021 and innovative proposals for adaptation to climate change, COVID-19 and outer-space missions; Professor emeritus Dr. Davidas Belsare (from Bhopal University - India) made a speech about the effect of laser diode on oranges to other fruit crops like guava and papaya; Professor Justyna Kobylarczyk and Professor Michal Krupa (from Cracow University of Technology – Poland) held a speech on the topic of high quality of residential environment; Professor Jose Osvaldo B. Carioca (from Federal University of Ceara - Brazil) expressed his keynote address about synthesis of chitosan membranes to be used in dual system of dark fermentation and MEC-electrolyzers to produce high quality hydrogen; Professor Dominika Kusnierz-Krupa and Dr. Malgorzata Hryniewicz (from Cracow University of Technology -Poland) made their talk about a new functions in a historic buildings; Professor Alirza Mamedov (from Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture - Ukraine) delivered his talk about historical city analysis; Professor Manoj Stephen Paul and Dr. Ritu Chaturvedi (from St. Johns College - India) made their speech on human health risk assessment associated with consumption of food containing heavy metals; Associate professor Pavel Navitski (from Oral Roberts University – USA) delivered his talk about drift control during field spraying; and Dr. Ulrich Berk (president of the German Association of Homatherapy - Germany) made his keynote speech about agnihotra and homa farming -tools for a sustainable development on planet Earth. List of ICECAE 2021 Committee are available in this pdf.

Nine institutions—Colorado State University, Dallas County Community College District (DCCCD), Duquesne University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Central Florida, The University of Illinois at Springfield, University of Massachusetts Lowell, University of Michigan, University of Georgia—share information about their business models.

The American Institute of Architecture Students (AIAS) at the Illinois Institute of Technology has a long history dating back to its original charter as a Student Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1953. My curiosity as a leader of the present day organization sparked a vast research effort that would transcend the legacy of IIT’s chapter and work to unearth a national history. Goals through the ongoing research are not only to unearth a history but also to discover the relation between supplemental experience and architectural education; working to define the importance of the integration of both into a holistic educational experience. The AIAS has served as the official voice of architecture students for 56 years and championed the message of empowering the student voice; influences of the organization are clearly seen in the evolution of architectural education but there lacks clear documentation. The production of a large-scale archeological hunt for information works to properly document the historical legacy of the AIAS and expand comprehensively the institutional memory of the organization for future members, leaders, and students of architecture.

Aims: The effect of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) drupes treatment with electromagnetic field and microwave radiation on germination and seedling growth were studied. Study Design: Completely randomized block design. Place and Duration of Study: Division of Seed Science and Technology, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu and Seed Science and Technology laboratory, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: Teak drupes have been exposed to the electromagnetic field of 750nt 5 hrs. per day for 15 days, 1500nt 5 hrs. per day for 15 days and 750 + 1500nt each 5 hrs. per day for 15 days and microwave radiation of 2450 MHz for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 sec. The treated and control drupes were placed for germination in the sand filled earthen pots. Results: At 28 days after sowing the results revealed that electromagnetic treatment 1500nt 5 hrs. per day for 15 days recorded highest germination of 28.4 %, number of seedlings/100 drupes (32), minimum days required for initial emergence (13 days), root length of 8.3 cm, shoot length of 7.1 cm, dry matter production (49 mg) and vigour index (437). Microwave radiation of 2450 MHz for 30 sec recorded highest germination of 25.2 %, number of seedlings/100 drupes (30), minimum days required for initial emergence (12 days), root length of 8.5 cm, dry matter production (47 mg) and vigour index (373). Conclusion: It is concluded that, electromagnetic field and microwave radiation treatments may be considered as an alternative method to enhance germination of fresh teak drupes.

Grafting technology in vegetable crops is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative tool to improve the biotic and abiotic resistance besides improvement in horticultural traits. By utilizing the right combination of resistant rootstock and scion, desired variability can be achieved to improve the yield and quality of vegetables. A study was conducted at the College orchard, Department of Vegetable science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the year 2020-2021 to evaluate the graft compatibility with two chilli rootstocks. The experimental material consisted of two perennial rootstocks viz., CC-CBE-001 and CF-CBE-007 and three scion materials viz., TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1, Ranga hybrid and Bangaram hybrid. Wedge grafting was done using 60 days old rootstock and 45 days old scion seedlings with nine treatments. The adhesion line wall thickness of pith cells were determined at different stages after grafting. The wound healing of the scion-rootstock union was studied using microscopic examination of the grafting region on the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th day after grafting. It was observed that ten days after grafting, vascular bundle was formed and a large amount of callus was produced to bridge the scion and rootstock. Despite interspecific grafting, callus formation, subsequent cell differentiation and vascular connection were established, resulting in effective graft compatibility, according to the anatomical and histological analysis.

ICSEEGT 2023 represents the third edition of the international conference series hosted by the Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. This conference was thoughtfully orchestrated as a hybrid event organised during June 27-28, 2023, encompassing both physical and virtual participation, thereby enhancing our ability to engage a broader and more diverse audience. This strategic blend was particularly advantageous given the international scope of the themes. The main objective of ICSEEGT 2023 is to foster collaboration among a heterogeneous community of scholars, encompassing individuals from academic institutions, governmental entities, research institutions, and the corporate sector. ICSEEGT 2023 is a forum wherein subject matter experts align with the conference theme can disseminate their research findings and convey their ideas within the scientific community. This underscores a concentrated emphasis on the examination and advocacy of sustainable energy sources, encompassing renewable energy technologies, as a means of tackling energy-related issues while mitigating adverse environmental consequences. In today’s contemporary landscape, environmental concerns assume paramount significance. This forum not only offers a collaborative platform but also facilitates the exchange of expertise and serves as a catalyst for the advancement of research and innovation aimed at addressing urgent global challenges related to sustainability and environmental preservation. The commencement of the conference took place on June 27, 2023, in a hybrid mode, with an invocation of blessings from Goddess Saraswati. Initially Dr. Raj Kumar Satankar, Organising Secretary and convener informed the audience about the conference. Then Dr. Mahesh Bundele, the principal and director of the institution, extended a warm welcome to all distinguished guests and participants attending the inaugural ceremony. The session featured addresses from esteemed figures, including Professor S. K. Singh, the Hon’ble Vice Chancellor of Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, India, who served as the chief guest, and Professor Subrata Roy from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida, USA, who graced the occasion as a guest of honor. Subsequently, the inaugural session transitioned into a keynote presentation delivered by Dr. Basuraj Bhowmik, an Assistant Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India. Dr. Bhowmik’s presentation centered on “Online Downtime Detection of Wind Turbines – A Renewable ‘Real-Time’ Approach.” Following the inaugural events, the first day featured the organization of four parallel technical sessions, wherein authors and participants actively engaged in presenting their research papers. The research papers in this conference were invited considering these three tracks: sustainable/renewable energy, environment and transportation, green technologies, and urban development. The presenters and attendees participated with full enthusiasm in all the technical sessions. The first technical session in offline mode was chaired by Dr. Narayan Lal Jain, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India, and the session moderator was Dr. Raj Kumar Satankar. The second technical session was chaired by Dr. Gaurav Dwivedi, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, India, and Dr. Mukesh Didwania, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India was the moderator for this session. In the second session total of 11 presenters were allowed to present their papers. Dr. Salifu Tahiru Azeko, Tamale Technical University, Tamale, Ghana, and Dr. Rashmi Kumari, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, India chaired the third and fourth technical sessions respectively. The session moderators were Dr. Surendra Saini, and Dr. Gaurav Jain, Poornima College of Engineering respectively. In the last two sessions, a total of 23 papers were presented. The second day started with a keynote session on Advances in Materials for Energy and Environment and Sustainability by Dr. M V Reddy, Senior Professional Researcher, Nouveau Monde Graphite (New Graphite World) (NMG), Quebec, Montreal, Canada. Three technical sessions were organized on the second day of this conference, ICSEEGT 2023. The sessions were chaired by Dr. Pankaj Dhemla, Poornima College of Engineering, India, Dr. Thiyam Tamphasana Devi, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, India, and Dr. Pooja Nigam, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India. The session moderators of the session were Dr. Mukesh Didwania, Dr. Surendra Kumar Saini, and Dr. Siddharth Choudhary, PCE were the moderators for these sessions. A total of 23 papers were presented on day 2 of the conference. Later a keynote talk, on “Hydrogen - The Future Fuel Source” was delivered by Dr. Wong Wai Yin, Research Fellow/ Senior Lecturer Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Concluding the proceedings of the second day, the valedictory ceremony welcomed Prof. B. P. Suneja, Former Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, India, as the distinguished Chief Guest. Concurrently, the event also featured Mr. Guruprasad Bangle, Co-founder of Solution Buggy, India, who graced the occasion as esteemed Guests of Honor. The event culminated as a resounding success, characterized by insightful addresses and sessions delivered by esteemed individuals, wholehearted participation from all our authors, co-authors, attendees, and the dedicated contributions of an expert team of reviewers, coordinators, staff members, and organizing team members. List of Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.

Paddy is cultivated on a large scale in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Due to non-availability of adequate quantity of certified seeds at their village level most of the farmers of this region using their farm saved seeds to raise the next season crop. In order to know the quality of farm-saved paddy seeds of delta region, a total of 20 seed samples from 17 distinct varieties were collected from various villages in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu during Rural Agricultural Work Experience programme. The samples were subjected to physical and physiological seed quality parameters evaluation at Seed Science and Technology laboratory of Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Thiruchirappalli. Only 15% of samples such as Seeraga samba, Karuppukavuni and RNR 1548 alone showed 80% seed germination. The average germination percent was 50.05. Based on our observations, farmers of this region store their seeds in gunny bags without proper drying and not following any pre-storage seed treatment to protect the seeds against storage pathogens and insects. Hence, awareness should be made among the farmers of this region regarding post harvest handling and management of farm produce harvested and stored for seed purpose. The government of Tamil Nadu should educate farmers about post-harvest handling of seeds through the Department of Agriculture to increase productivity and production of our country.

Greetings from the editorial team of ICRMBEE2023. Papers in this proceeding were presented in the 6th International Conference on Research Methodology for Built Environment and Engineering 2023 (ICRMBEE2023). This year conference was organised by The College of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia and co-organized by the Faculty of Architecture, King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand by physical and virtual platform (hybrid). The mission of ICRMBEE 2023 is to facilitate communication between multi-disciplinary teams and especially those involved in built environment and engineering. In this regard, interdisciplinary integration and international cooperation are encouraged. It is the purpose of ICRMBEE 2023 to provide an international forum for the discussion of topics important to developing new knowledge in built environment and engineering disciplines especially in the process of developing the research methodology. The main aim of this conference is to accumulate diverse research methodologies used in producing the research in the areas of built environment and engineering. The conference also aims at fostering cross-disciplinary discussions and networking to further enhance and enrich the knowledge of academicians, researchers, policy makers and industry professionals in built environment and engineering. The conference program will feature a few keynote speakers, who are internationally recognized experts in their areas as well as paper presentation by both academia and industry practitioners alike. We would like thanks all the reviewers who have provided constructive comments and suggestions to the abstracts and papers assigned to them. We have received 90 submissions for the papers and 74 quality papers were accepted for the conference. 38 of the papers were selected for publication in this proceedings, while the others in selected journals as special issues. Again, thanks to 82 expert reviewers around the globe. Lastly, we would like to give a big applause and thanks to all the authors for their presentations and papers. Their contributions have generously contributed to the intellectual exchange of useful information, idea and knowledge that is so vital towards tackling the challenges the world facing now. The Editorial Team ICRMBEE2023 List of Committee, Conference Information are available in this pdf.

04–620 Akamatsu, Nobuhiko (Doshisha University, Japan; Email: nakamats@mail.doshisha.ac.jp.). The effects of first language orthographic features on second language reading in text. Language Learning (Michigan, USA), 53, 2 (2003), 207–231.04–621 Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Fine, J. and Shimoni, A. R. (Department of computer Science at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Email: argamon@iit.edu). Gender, genre and writing style in formal written texts. Text (Berlin, Germany), 23, 3 (2003), 321–346.04–622 Dreyer, Carisma and Nel, Charl (Potchefstroom U., South Africa; Email: nsocd@puknet.puk.ac.za). Teaching reading strategies and reading comprehension within a technology-enhanced learning environment. System (Oxford, UK), 31, 3 (2003), 349–365.04–623 Fender, Michael (U. of Pittsburg, PA., USA; Email: mjfst@pitt.edu). English word recognition and word integration skills of native Arabic- and Japanese-speaking learners of English as a second language. Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge, UK), 24, 2 (2003), 289–316.04–624 Flowerdew, L. (Hong Kong University of Science and Techology). A combined corpus and systemic-functional analysis of the problem-solution pattern in a student and professional corpus of technical writing. TESOL Quarterly (Alexandria, VA, USA), 37, 3 (2003), 489–511.04–625 Goswami, Usha (U. of Cambridge, UK), Ziegler, Johannes C., Dalton, Louise and Schneider, Woflgang. Nonword reading across orthographies: How flexible is the choice of reading units?Applied Psycholinguistics (Cambridge, UK), 24, 2 (2003), 235–248.04–626 Hinkel, Eli (Seattle University, USA; Email: ehinkel@seattleu.edu). Tense, aspect and the passive voice in L1 and L2 academic texts. Language Teaching Research (London, UK), 8, 1 (2004), 5.04–627 Hirose, Keiko (Aichi Prefectural University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan; Email: khirose@for.aichi-pu.ac.jp). Comparing L1 and L2 organizational patterns in the argumentative writing of Japanese EFL students. Journal of Second Language Writing (New Jersey, USA), 12 (2003), 181–209.04–628 Lee, Miranda Y. P. (Hong Kong Polytechnic University of Hong Kong; Email: ctmyplee@polyu.edu.hk). Discourse structure and rhetoric of English narratives: differences between native English and Chinese non-native English writers. Text (Berlin, Germany) 23, 3 (2003), 347–368.04–629 Matsuda, Paul K. (University of New Hampshire, USA; Email: pmatsuda@unh.edu), Canagarajah, A. Suresh, Harklau, L., Hyland, K. and Warshauer, Mark. Changing currents in second language writing research: a colloquium. Journal of Second Language Writing (New Jersey, USA), 12 (2003), 151–179.04–630 Moreno, Ana (Universidad de Leon, Spain; Email: dfmamf@unileon.es). Matching theoretical descriptions of discourse and practical applications to teaching: the case of causal metatext. English for Specific Purposes (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 22, 3 (2003), 265–295.04–631 Ramanathan, Vaidehi (University of California, Davis, USA; Email: vramanathan@ucdavis.edu). Written textual production and consumption (WTPC) in vernacular and English-medium settings in Gujarat, India. Journal of Second Language Writing (Ann Arbor, USA), 12 (2003), 125–150.04–632 Rasinski, Timothy V. (Kent State U., USA) and Hoffman, James V. (U. of Texas, Austin, USA). Oral reading in the school literacy curriculum. Reading Research Quarterly (Newark, DE, USA), 38, 4 (2003), 510–522.04–633 Saito, Hidetoshi and Fujita, Tomoko (Hokusei Gakuen University, Japan; Email: saitoh@hokusei.ac.jp). Characteristics and user acceptance of peer rating in EFL writing classrooms. Language Teaching Research (London, UK), 8, 1 (2003), 31–54.04–634 Steinman, Linda (Seneca College, Toronto, Canada). Cultural collisions in L2 academic writing. TESL Canada Journal (Burnaby, B.C., Canada), 20, 2 (2003), 80–91.04–635 Zareva, Alla (University of Georgia Athens Georgia.) Transfer effects on the process of L2 reading and comprehension. Literacy Across Cultures (Fukui, Japan), 6 (2003), 25–34.

This paper illustrates and explores three critical dimensions of photography in architecture, each of which informs the production of images, texts, and other artifacts which establish what might be called a building’s media footprint . The paper’s broad goal is to question the extent to which these critical dimensions are relevant to architectural decision-making processes. Acknowledging that such dimensions as the ones examined here rarely predict an architect’s specific design decisions in a transparent manner, the paper discusses not only the decisions made by architects during the process of designing buildings, but the decisions made by critics, visitors, and members of the general public as they engage in activities such as visiting buildings, writing about them and, particularly, photographing them. First, the text discusses the potential of buildings to operate as mechanisms for producing images, in the sense originated by Beatriz Colomina. The question is developed through the analysis of the space of photography – mapping of points of view, directions of view, and fields of view of defined photographic collections. Secondly, it considers photography’s complicity in the canonization of buildings , and specifically, the extent to which photography is responsible for distinguishing between major and minor architectural works. Finally, the essay examines the erosion over time of photography’s historical power to frame when confronted with contemporary technologies of virtual reality and photorealistically rendered digital models. Each of these critical dimensions, or concepts, develops a specific aspect of how photographic information about buildings is organized, structured, and disseminated, and is thus only part of the larger project of architectural epistemology , which inquires into this wider field. This will be done through an examination of the Mies van der Rohe-designed Commons Building at ITT in Chicago and the evolution of its relationship with architectural photography and photographic representation – both on its own terms and through the prism of the Rem Koolhaas-designed McCormick Tribune Student Center, which adds to and incorporates the Commons Building. Until the end of the twentieth century, the Commons Building on the campus of the Illinois Institute of Technology was generally considered one of Mies van der Rohe’s lesser works. Reportedly neglected by its own architect during the design process, and frequently marginalized in academic discussions of the campus, when mentioned at all the building was often cited as an unrefined prototype of Crown Hall. This discourse took a new direction when in 1998, Rem Koolhaas/OMA won a design competition for a student center on the IIT campus: uniquely among the competition entries, Koolhaas’s design incorporated the Commons Building within a new context – what ultimately became the McCormick Tribune Campus Center (MTCC). When critics concluded that the incorporation of the Commons Building into the larger whole could compromise its integrity as an exemplar of Mies’s work, the building became the object of renewed interest and controversy. The two projects considered here show a clear evolution in architecture’s relationship with the photographic image. Specifically, the history of the Commons Building can be traced through photographs: during and shortly following its construction, the building was photographed as part of Mies’s own attention to publicity; it was documented as part of historical analyses; and over time it was visited and photographed by casual and amateur photographers. Following the competition results, photographs of the Commons Building were strategically deployed by both proponents and critics of Koolhaas’s design. Contemporary photographs of the building appear in architectural and campus guidebooks and on websites such as Flickr.com . Examining the ways in which photographs of the Commons Building appear in these various contexts allows discussion of the critical dimensions identified above and permits us to trace the evolution of the mutually reinforcing relationship between architecture and photography.

07–377Bamiro, Edmund (Adekunle Ajasin U, Nigeria; eddiebamiro@yahoo.com), Nativization strategies: Nigerianisms at the intersection of ideology and gender in Achebe's fiction. World Englishes (Blackwell) 25.3 & 4 (2006), 315–328.07–378Bowers, Anthony (Ningbo U Technology, China), Presentation of an Australian–Chinese joint venture program in China. EA Journal (English Australia) 23.1 (2006), 24–34.07–379Chang, Junyue (Dalian U, China; junyuechang@yahoo.com), Globalization and English in Chinese higher education. World Englishes (Blackwell) 25.3 & 4 (2006), 513–525.07–380Deterding, David (Nanyang Technological U, Singapore; david.deterding@nie.edu.sg) & Andy Kirkpatrick, Emerging South-East Asian Englishes and intelligibility. World Englishes (Blackwell) 25.3 & 4 (2006), 391–409.07–381Erling, Elizabeth J. (Freie U Berlin, Germany; berling@zedat.fu-berlin.de) & Suzanne K. Hilgendorf, Language policies in the context of German higher education. Language Policy (Springer) 5.3 (2006), 267–293.07–382Glew, Paul J. (U Western Sydney, Australia; aul.glew@coverdale.nsw.edu.au), A perspective on ELICOS in an independent school. EA Journal (English Australia) 23.1 (2006), 14–23.07–383Hammond, Jennifer (U Technology, Sydney, Australia), High challenge, high support: Integrating language and content instruction for diverse learners in an English literature classroom. Journal of English for Academic Purposes (Elsevier) 5.4 (2006), 269–283.07–384Hyland, Ken (U London, UK; k.hyland@ioe.ac.uk) & Eri Anan, Teachers' perceptions of error: The effects of first language and experience. System (Elsevier) 34.4 (2006), 509–519.07–385Jeon, Mihyon (York U, Canada) & Jiyoon LeeHiring native-speaking English teachers in East Asian countries. English Today (Cambridge University Press) 22.4 (2006), 44–52.07–386Kato, Mie (Yoshiki Senior High School, Japan), Corrective feedback in oral communication classes at a Japanese senior high school. The Language Teacher (Japan Association for Language Teaching) 31.3 (2007), 3–8.07–387Kawai, Yuko (Tokai U, Japan), Japanese nationalism and the global spread of English: An analysis of Japanese governmental and public discourses on English. Language and International Communication (Multilingual Matters) 7.1 (2007), 37–55.07–388Leshem, Shosh (Oranim Academic College of Education, Israel) & Vernon Trafford (Anglia Ruskin U, UK), Unravelling cultural dynamics in TEFL: Culture tapestries in three Israeli schools. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice (Taylor & Francis) 12.6 (2006), 639–656.07–389Labbo, Linda D. (U Georgia, USA), Literacy pedagogy and computer technologies: Toward solving the puzzle of current and future classroom practices. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy (Australian Literacy Educators' Association) 29.3 (2006), 199–209.07–390Nault, Derrick (Jeonju U, South Korea), Going global: Rethinking culture teaching in ELT contexts. Language, Culture and Curriculum (Multilingual Matters) 19.3 (2006), 314–328.07–391Nero, Shondel (St John's U, USA; neros@stjohns.edu), Language, identity, and education of Caribbean English speakers. World Englishes (Blackwell) 25.3 & 4 (2006), 501–511.07–392Ouafeu, Yves Talla Sando (U Freiburg im Breigau, Germany; sandoyves@yahoo.com), Listing intonation in Cameroon English speech. World Englishes (Blackwell) 25.3 & 4 (2006), 491–500.07–393Rodgers, Daryl M. (U Illinois, USA; dmrodger@uiuc.edu), Developing content and form: Encouraging evidence from Italian content-based instruction. The Modern Language Journal (Blackwell) 90.3 (2006), 373–386.07–394Schleppegrell, Mary & Luciana C. de Oliveira (U Michigan, USA), An integrated language and content approach for history teachers. Journal of English for Academic Purposes (Elsevier) 5.4 (2006), 254–268.07–395Starkey, Hugh (U London Institute of Education, UK), Language education, identities and citizenship: Developing cosmopolitan perspectives. Language and International Communication (Multilingual Matters) 7.1 (2007), 56–71.07–396Takimoto, Masahiro (Tezukayama U, Japan; takimoto@tezukayama-u.ac.jp), The effects of explicit feedback and form–meaning processing on the development of pragmatic proficiency in consciousness-raising tasks. System (Elsevier) 34.4 (2006), 601–614.07–397Üstünlüoglu, Evrim (Izmir U of Economics, Turkey), University students' perceptions of native and non-native teachers. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice (Taylor & Francis) 13.1 (2007), 63–79.

Aim: we aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between uric acid levels and TSH levels in the patients with hypothyroidism. This observational cross-sectional study was Material and method: conducted on patients attending OPD/ IPD of Hospitals afliated to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore from November 2019 to May 2021. Data of all the patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria was collected. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Pearson correlational analysis/Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the correlation between Uric acid and TSH levels. A total of 90 cases were taken up Results: for the study. The mean age of the subjects was found to be 32±8 years, 82(91%) were females and only 8(9%) were males. The average height of the subjects was 158.67±9.31 cm. The average weight was 63.94±9.72 kg. The mean pulse rate of the subjects was 75.62±5.66, mean RR was 18.63±1.83, mean BP was 111±7/75±5. The average T3 was observed to be 1.59±0.96, average T4 was 3.83±3.73 and average TSH was 30.89±20.93. The mean serum uric acid of the subjects was 6.3±1.28 mg/dl, mean serum creatinine was 0.87±0.15 mg/dl and mean eGFR was 85.44±16.45, mean HB was 11.58±1.69, MCV was 79.81±6.76. Platate count was 2.92±1.35. The average Ferritin was found to be 185.21±359.03. The average LDH was 296.46±106.35, microcytic hypochromic anemia was present in 21(23%) subjects and normocytic normochromic anemia was present in 69(77%) subjects. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive association between TSH and serum uric acid, among the subjects. However, the association was not found to be statistically signicant as p>0.05. Although not statistically Conclusion: signicant, a positive correlation was observed between the uric acid and thyroid stimulating hormone.

05–396Altenberg, Evelyn P. (Hofstra U, USA; sphepa@hofstra.edu), The perception of word boundaries in a second language. Second Language Research (London, UK) 21.4 (2005), 325–358.05–397Baker, Wendy (Brigham Young U, USA) & Pavel Trofimovich, Interaction of native- and second-language vowel system(s) in early and late bilinguals. Language and Speech (Twickenham, UK) 48.1 (2005), 1–27.05–398Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen (Indiana U, USA; bardovi@indiana.edu) & Robert Griffin, L2 pragmatic awareness: evidence from the ESL classroom. System (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 33.3 (2005), 401–415.05–399Barron, Anne (Universität Bonn, Germany; a.barron@uni-bonn.de), Variational pragmatics in the foreign language classroom. System (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 33.3 (2005), 519–536.05–400Barwell, Richard (U of Bristol, UK; richard.barwell@bris.ac.uk), Working on arithmetic word problems when English is an additional language. 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Bilingual Research Journal (Tempe, AZ, USA) 29.1 (2005), 185–196.05–427Mahoney, Kate S. & Jeff MacSwan (Arizona State U, USA), Reexamining identification and reclassification of English language learners: a critical discussion of select state practices. Bilingual Research Journal (Tempe, AZ, USA) 29.1 (2005), 31–42.05–428McColl, Hilary (Tayside, Scotland, UK; h.mccoll@clara.co.uk), Foreign language learning and inclusion: Who? Why? What? – and How?Support for Learning (Oxford, UK) 20.3 (2005), 103–108.05–429Meiring, Lynne (U of Wales, Swansea, UK) & Nigel Norman, How can ICT contribute to the learning of foreign languages by pupils with SEN?Support for Learning (Oxford, UK) 20.3 (2005), 129–134.05–430Morgan, Brian (York U, Toronto, Canada; bmorgan@yorku.ca) & Vaidehi Ramanathan, Critical literacies and language education: global and local perspectives. 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