Academic literature on the topic 'Illich, Ivan, 1926- – Medical nemesis'

RESUMO Ivan Illich criou uma terminologia própria à temática relacionada com a saúde. Mais do que simples palavras, este autor permite um olhar diferenciado sobre a instituição médica contemporânea e sua relação com o atual modelo moderno-industrial de sociedade. Com uma produção acadêmica original, redefine o vocabulário médico, transformando uma série de termos ideológicos em categorias capazes de desvendar lógicas naturalizadas pelo poder vigente na sociedade atual. Sua produção acadêmica contribui para proporcionar à saúde pública um enfoque crítico diferente na abordagem de problemas, a partir das ciências sociais. Objetivando contribuir para a construção de um glossário de termos capaz de produzir e transmitir uma visão crítica mais aguda sobre a instituição médica moderno-industrial, a partir do microssistema linguístico de Illich, este artigo analisa, de forma narrativa, termos criados e redefinidos pelo autor na sua obra 'Medical nemesis'. Finalmente, o artigo propõe algumas chaves para pensar a saúde pública, desde a perspectiva do autor.

Latitudinaria* explores and critiques the ambivalence between current technological progress and the consequently depersonalised social structures and systems. I am using the development from mechanical Automata to mass production juxtaposed to Charlie Chaplin??s film and Jean Tinguelys kinetic art, as examples for the change of the social condition from the industrialisation to the current post-industrial era. The change of social condition I refer to as the ??depersonalisation?? or ??dehumanisation?? effect supported by my working experiences in the health system. The ??medicalisation of the life span?? and the discrepancy of creating a sustainable future less profit orientated are two indicators of how far we have been removed from our bodies. These observations are supported by the writing of Ivan Illich??s Medical Nemesis and Frank Schirrmachers?? analysis of the change of the social structure using the family configuration as an example. These conceptual ideas are visualised by a selection of kinetic art works and video installations. In the heart of this body of work is the process-orientated documentation of Zero AGL project. The project documents the journey of a discarded airplane that was re-assembled and reanimated by myself and a group of volunteers supported by local businesses. The struggle of the group of people stands as a metaphor for the current dilemma of the restricted usage of public space. Further it reflects on my own limitations dealing with the Australian outback culture and the transition of my own sculptural practice from small scale art works into the arena of life size public Art. Those experiences shaped the process and the direction of the project. The motivation for the creation of the body of kinetic sculptures and video installation is to highlight the absurdity of social constructed categories and controlling systems in a post-industrial society. The subject matter focuses on the social construction of the categories of the ??Norm?? and the limitations of failure. Latitudinaria gives the audience a lateral view on how human betterment is not always essentially connected to technological progress but on transforming ideas and enhancing it from a different point of view. * freedom from normal restraints, limitations and regulations.

Illich, a critic of the medical profession in industrial societies, researched the "damage done" by the medical establishment on three levels. This study presents an application of Illich's three-level theory of iatrogenesis to a sample of elderly people in old-age homes in and around Pretoria. Fifty in-depth interviews were conducted with old-age home residents. In the focus on clinical iatrogenesis, the aspect of defenceless patients was investigated. With regard to social iatrogenesis, focus was on the interpretation of attitudes revealing an increased medical dependency. Cultural iatrogenesis, which involves the influence of values and norms on thinking patterns, is investigated in terms of the impact of institutionalisation on the autonomy, independence and personal responsibility of residents. Illich's solution to the problem of medicalisation is to be found in the de-bureaucratisation and de-industrialisation of society. Based on the assumptions of critical theory, the emancipation of the individual is suggested as a basis of Illich's proposed structural societal changes
M.A. (Sociology)

Doctors are still trained to practise to a deficit model of medicine. This book proposes an abundance model that takes the best of health and wellbeing practices, and considers all four aspects of the individual—physical and mental, emotional and spiritual. In Positive Medicine, Beaumont’s disruptive approach takes up the challenge posed by Ivan Illich in Medical Nemesis nearly fifty years ago. He proposes a new relationship between people and their doctors, fostering self-efficacy so that people can be empowered to manage their own health and live happier, healthier lives.

In Medical Nemesis - The expropriation of health, IVAN ILLICH highlights several aspects of the medicalization of society, which was already observed in the mid-1970s. He addressed the various forms of iatrogenesis, classifying the new disease caused by the set of medical care as an epidemic that would not exist if there were no medical intervention. Of the various forms of iatrogenesis, he also addressed drug iatrogenesis, including the cause of hospital admissions. In this article, more than 40 years after Illich’s seminal publication, we sought to revisit his thinking and assess the relevance of his narrative regarding the inconveniences resulting from the use of medicines, especially in their impacts on hospitalization, in addition to reflecting on the potential of pharmacogenetics to mitigate adverse events related to drugs that victimize people. After a brief presentation of Illich’s trajectory, a digression is made on the association between the concepts of medicalization and iatrogenesis, to then make quick considerations about social iatrogenesis, considering the effects of this phenomenon on society. After presenting the consequences of iatrogenesis, from a fluent literature review, an update of the findings is made, showing that the problem is relevant today. A brief conceptual presentation of pharmacogenetics is followed by some examples of its clinical consequences. It is concluded that, despite the unequivocal importance of pharmacotherapy, iatrogenesis remains a problem of increasing relevance. Pharmacogenetics presents itself as a possibility to minimize the problem, making it possible to expand its use in the practice of medical services.

The author returns to the challenge presented by Ivan Illich in Medical Nemesis, and the concept of iatrogenesis—the inadvertent harm caused by doctors. The dispute over the numbers: is it the third-highest cause of death (after heart disease and cancer)? Or is this an underestimate? Illich’s book should be seen as a call to action. UK GP Dr Marshall Marinker’s response to Illich’s challenge; the flaws in medical training embodied in the unspoken assumptions guiding the clinical behaviour of its teachers. The inherent power imbalance in the doctor–patient consultation. The profession may have misunderstood Illich, but health systems have improved; medical curricula have been rewritten. The role of society in determining how care is provided, and the influence of health systems. New models of practice altering the person–doctor relationship, incorporating self-management (the ‘third way’ of medical practice). The author’s proposed model (the positive health model) empowers patients, as Illich advocated. The role of medical colleges and governments in positive change.