To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Illegal Miner.
Journal articles on the topic 'Illegal Miner'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Illegal Miner.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Vicki Dwi Purnomo. "Problematics in the Case of Bribery of State Officials in the Case of Illegal Mining (Ismail Bolong)." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 2, no. 12 (December 29, 2022): 4414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v2i12.2053.
Full textAbstract:
There are many definitions of unlawful acts, some call unlawful acts as violations of the law, as acts that violate the rights of others. The purpose of the research conducted was to solve the problem of bribery cases of state officials in illegal mining cases. The research method used is The research approach that researchers use is the Legal-Live Case Study approach. The results of the research conducted were based on the author's research in the field, Ismail Bolon's statement stated that he was a coal miner in Malangayu District, Kutai Katanegara (Kuka) Regency because he admitted his own actions as a coal collector and was suspected of bribing a police officer. This happened because of the weak enforcement of Article 158 of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. Based on the author's research in the field, Ismail Bolon's statement stated that he was a coal miner in Malangayu District, Kutai Katanegara (Kuka) Regency, for admitting his own actions as a coal collector and allegedly bribing a police officer. This happened because of the weak enforcement of Article 158 of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. The conclusion of the research conducted by the monitoring of the illegal mining process in the East Kalimantan region is still weak considering that there are dozens or even hundreds of illegal mines operating and it is suspected that there are law enforcement personnel who own this business and are involved
2
Nie, Xing Xin, Cunrui Bai, and Jingjing Zhang. "Simulation Research on the Effectiveness of a Multiagent Mine Safety Supervision System and Its Verification." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8457124.
Full textAbstract:
A Computable Mine Safety Supervision (CMSS) model is constructed based on agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) technology and the conservation of resources (COR). This model aims to solve the mining safety problems involved with illegal mining operations and burnout among mining supervisors, in China. The model includes several types of agents: supervision agents, decision support agents, functional coordination agents, and miner agents, and it uses the Netlogo simulation platform to simulate the influence of reward and punishment on agent behavior. The simulation determines the decision support degree to gauge the influence of functional coordination and miner behavior on the burnout rate of supervision agents. We analyze the macroscopic emergence law of the simulation results. The results show the following: (1) Job Situation Adaptability (JSA) ∈ [−6.02, 2.64] ∪ [16.9, 21.93], which uses a reward strategy to guide miners to choose safe behavior and (2) JSA ∈ [2.64, 16.9], which uses a punishment strategy to restrict unsafe behavior. The decision support coefficient Sc has the greatest influence on the supervision agent’s job burnout. The functional coordination coefficient Fc has the second highest influence on job burnout and the processing effectiveness coefficient Ec has the least influence. According to the simulation results, suggestions for improving the mine safety supervision system are put forward and an improved safety management decision-making basis for reducing mine accidents is provided.
3
Sonata MS, Herix, Merry Thressia, and Dewi Yudiana Shinta. "Toksisitas Merkuri (Hg) Pada Penambang Emas di Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung Sumbar." SEHATI: Jurnal Kesehatan 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52364/sehati.v1i1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Gold processing by amalgamation produces gold amalgam and waste mercury. Poor mercury waste management can pollute the environment. Ilegal gold miners are often found in West Sumatra. In the process of gold processing always use Hg for the purification of the gold. This study aims to determine the level of mercury (Hg) in the gold miner's urine and see the long-working relationship. Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal grouped into groups having high toxicity levels. The use of mercury (Hg) in the gold processing process can cause negative impact. Determination of mercury (Hg) with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) method. The population of this research is gold miner worker in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung as many as 3 people and also as sample. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire and testing of urine specimen dilaboratorium with wet destruction method in research in.i Factors studied are the characteristics of r0espondents including age, and length of work. Sampling was done as much as 20 ml of urine. Urine sample examination was done at Laboratory by using Wet Destruction method. The result of mercury (Hg) examination in gold miner's urine was obtained by an average of 15.8 μg / l Mercury (Hg) in urine with a threshold of 4 μg / l. The benefit of this research is to provide an overview of the level of toxicity that occurs due to gold mining in illegal gold miners in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung, West Sumatra.
4
Rebolledo Monsalve, Eduardo, Pedro Jiménez Prado, Jon Molinero Ortiz, and Theofilos Toulkeridis. "Differences in Fish Abundance in Rivers under the Influence of Open-Pit Gold Mining in the Santiago-Cayapas Watershed, Esmeraldas, Ecuador." Water 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14192992.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal gold mining is on the rise in the tropical Andes. The Santiago-Cayapas watershed is located in the north of the Pacific basin of Ecuador, in the Chocó biogeographical region. It is recognized for its high biodiversity, as 62 fish species have been described in the area, and because it contains two of the largest protected areas in the Pacific coast of Ecuador: the mangroves of the Cayapas and Mataje Rivers and the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve. Open-pit gold mining has been described in the area since 2006 and most mining fronts operate illegally and lack any environmental control. Heavy-metal concentrations and fish communities were studied in streams that drain active and abandoned mines, in larger rivers located downstream of the mined areas and in control sites without mining activities. Open-pit mining causes a reduction of dissolved oxygen concentrations and an increase of water temperature, turbidity, and concentrations of Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and V. Fish abundance decreased in streams that drain active mines, however, metrics of taxonomic diversity remain unchanged among the study sites. The response of fish communities to open-pit gold mining was complex and driven by the pollution tolerance of each species, the presence of specific adaptions to turbid waters, and changes in the fishing pressure as locals avoid fishing activities in mined areas. Finally, streams that drain abandoned mines showed chemical characteristics, metal concentrations, and fish communities that were similar to control sites, but maintained higher water temperatures than control sites.
5
Susdiyanti, Tun, Sofian Iskandar, Ratna Sari Hasibuan, Ina Lidiawati, Teguh Angguh, and Silviana Hasan. "PEMBUATAN JALUR WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA MALASARI KECAMATAN NANGGUNG KABUPATEN BOGOR." Jurnal Abdi Inovatif (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jai.v1i2.421.
Full textAbstract:
Most Malasari village areas were a part of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. The people of Malasari village are farmers. Besides that, they also worked as an illegal miner (Gurandil) in an Aneka Tambang co-mining area. Ltd. Malasari Village has the potential natural beauty that can be used as a tourist-visit area. Malasari Village's people formed a tourism awareness group based on its natural beauty potential. Mapping of tourism potential is needed to develop natural tourism in Malasari Village. This community service activity aimed to map tourism potential, create paths and install interpretation boards, and assist the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) related to group legality management. All these activities are carried out with the community to get accurate results per the objectives. The results of this service are the availability of tourist maps, interpretation paths, interpretation board facilities and infrastructure, installation of interpretation boards and directions to tourist destinations, and the formation of the Sacred Village Tourism Awareness Group, which is a legal entity. Keywords: Malasari village, the potency of tourism, interpretation track Abstrak Desa Malasari sebagian besar wilayahnya berada di dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS). Mata pencaharian masyarakatnya selain bertani juga menjadi gurandil, yaitu menambang emas secara ilegal dalam kawasan konsesi PT Aneka Tambang. Desa Malasari memiliki keindahan alam yang perlu dijaga dan dilestarikan, sangat potensial sebagai daerah kunjungan wisata. Mempertimbangkan potensi ini, masyarakat desa membentuk Kelompok Sadar Wisata. Dalam rangka pengembangan wisata alam di Desa Malasari, perlu dilakukan pemetaan potensi wisata. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, bertujuan untuk memetakan potensi wisata, pembuatan jalur dan pemasangan papan interpretasi, serta pendampingan pada Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) berkaitan dengan pengurusan legalitas kelompok. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang realistis sesuai dengan tujuan, seluruh kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bersama masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian ini adalah tersedianya peta wisata, jalur interpretasi, sarana dan prasarana papan interpretasi, pemasangan papan-papan interpretasi dan penunjuk arah ke lokasi tujuan wisata, serta terbentuknya Kelompok Sadar Wisata Kampung Keramat yang berbadan hukum. Kata Kunci : Desa Malasari, potensi wisata, jalur interpretasi
6
Osburg, Thomas. "Branding Raw Material to Improve Human Rights: Intel’s Ban on Conflict Minerals." GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gfkmir-2016-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Many companies seek to take over more responsibility for their supply chain and their raw materials. Intel was one of the first companies investigating the origin of conflict minerals like tin, tantalum, gold or tungsten, which are used in many electronic products. Their path to ultimately offering conflict-free microprocessors took more than five years of consistent preparation and intensive reengineering of the business process. They identified smelters as a bottleneck in the supply chain and started cooperating closely with them to trace their minerals’ supply. By developing a bag-and-tag system the company is now able to ensure that their minerals are not sourced from illegal mines, which often finance illegal warlords, for example, in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The cooperation with the smelters brings about higher demand and in consequence higher prices for the legally sourced minerals. Many small miners and their families in the region directly benefit from the higher earnings.
7
Ariyanti, Dwi Oktafia, Muhammad Ramadhan, and JS Murdomo. "Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Penambangan Pasir Secara Ilegal di Area Gumuk Pasir." Jambura Law Review 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/jalrev.v2i1.4376.
Full textAbstract:
Mining activities has grown very much, a given result is very given an advantage for the miners. Nevertheless, activities which promise this also also bring an adverse impact on man and the environment when this activity was undertaken not based on the regulation that has been set. Mining illegally also occurred at the sandbanks Parangtritis, sandbanks I know about the Parangtritis are unique and useful for maintained because it is being very specific with the form of a crescent or bacon and is the one and only sandbanks found in the southeast Asia. Arrangement about mining activities that environmentally sound has set out in various regulation, but this appears to have not run as expected, so may is still needed law enforcement tighter and clear to mining sand conducted an illegal.
The research was conducted by juridical normative is the approach that was undertaken based on material law by means of reviewing the theory, the concept, a normative law and the regulatory legislation that deals with this research. This approach is known the approach literature, namely by studying books, regulation and other documents related to this research.
Criminal law enforcement of the mining sand illegally in sandbanks Parangtritis has started to walk but not yet optimal .The laws governing about mining sand has been is in a few rules, but the law enforcement not is the responsibility of law enforcement officials just, law enforcement is also a responsibility community in an effort to ahead and recover crimes sand mining illegally. Obstacles faced by law enforcement in dealing with crimes sand mining illegal in sandbanks Parangtritis are the lack of legal awareness to the community, economic factors, the lack of knowledge of the community towards the impact of mining sand illegally and factors law enforcement.
Key word: Criminal law; Sand Mining; Illegal
8
Cando Jácome, Marcelo, A. M. Martinez-Graña, and V. Valdés. "Detection of Terrain Deformations Using InSAR Techniques in Relation to Results on Terrain Subsidence (Ciudad de Zaruma, Ecuador)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101598.
Full textAbstract:
In Zaruma city, located in the El Oro province, Ecuador, gold mines have been exploited since before the colonial period. According to the chroniclers of that time, 2700 tons of gold were sent to Spain. This exploitation continued in the colonial, republican, and current periods. The legalized mining operation, with foreign companies such as South Development Company (SADCO) and national companies such as the Associated Industrial Mining Company (CIMA), exploited the mines legally until they dissolved and gave rise to small associations, artisanal mining, and, with them, illegal mining. Illegal underground mining is generated without order and technical direction, and cuts mineralized veins in andesitic rocks, volcanic breccia, tuffs and dacitic porphyry that have been intensely weatherized from surface to more than 80 meters depth. These rocks have become totally altered soils and saprolites, which have caused the destabilization of the mining galleries and the superficial collapse of the topographic relief. The illegal miners, called "Sableros", after a period of exploitation at one site, when the gold grade decreased, abandon these illegal mines to begin other mining work at other sites near mineralized veins or near legalized mining galleries in operation. Due to this anthropic activity of illegal exploitation through the mining galleries and “piques” that remain under the colonial center of the city, sinkings have occurred in various sectors detected and reported in various technical reports since 1995. The Ecuadorian Government has been unable to control these illegal mining activities. The indicators of initial subsidence of the terrain are small movements that accumulate over a time and that can be detected with InSAR technology in large areas, improving the traditional detection performed with geodetic instrumentation such as total stations and geodetic marks. Recent subsidence at Fe y Alegría-La Immaculada School, the city’s hospital and Gonzalo Pizarro Street, indicates that there is active subsidence in these and other sectors of the city. The dynamic triggers that have possibly accelerated the rate of subsidence and landslides on the slopes are earthquakes (5 to 6 Mw) and heavy rains in deforested areas. Although several sinks and active subsidence caused by underground mining were detected in these sectors and in other sectors in previous decades, which were detailed in various reports of geological hazards prepared by specialized institutions, underground mining has continued under the colonial city center. In view of the existing risk, this article presents a forecasting methodology for the constant monitoring of long-term soil subsidence, especially in the center of the colonial city, which is a national cultural heritage and candidate for the cultural heritage of humanity. This is a proposal for the use of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) for the subsidence analysis of topographic relief in the colonial area of the city of Zaruma by illegal mining galleries.
9
Movchan, R. O., O. O. Dudorov, D. V. Kamensky, A. A. Vozniuk, and V. V. Babanina. "Criminal liability for illegal mining: analysis of legislative novelties." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/116.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. Critical analysis of the criminal prohibition provided by Article 240 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, identification of its shortcomings, development of proposals for their elimination. Methodology. The system of philosophical, general scientific and specific-scientific methods and approaches that provided for objective analysis of the subject (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, generalization, abstraction, sociological, statistical, formal-logical). Findings. The shortcomings of the revised Article 240 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, the uncertainty on the issue of the minimum cost of illegally mined minerals of national importance for recognizing an act as criminally unlawful, the lack of differentiation of criminal liability for illegal mining of minerals of national importance depending on the size (value) of the extracted items, the creation of an imbalance between the degree of severity of penalties in the form of a fine, enshrined in different parts of the prohibition under consideration, the groundlessness of constructing a sanction of Part 3, Article 240 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as non-alternative. Originality. The authors are the first in the doctrine of criminal law of Ukraine to carry out a comprehensive critical understanding of the updated version of the provision on the regulation of criminal liability for violation of the rules for the protection or use of subsoil, illegal mining, which made it possible to develop research-based recommendations for improving domestic criminal law. Practical value. Based on the results of the article, specific proposals addressed to domestic parliamentarians have been developed, which can be taken into account in the process of further lawmaking to update relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It has been argued that in the improved Article 240, the minimum value of illegally mined minerals of national importance should be determined in order to recognize the act as criminally unlawful, and the same criteria for the crime of illegal mining of minerals of local and national importance should be fixed. It has been substantiated that criminal liability for illegal mining of minerals of national importance should be differentiated depending on the size (value) of the mined items. It has been proven, including through references to law enforcement materials, that in the relevant sanctions, firstly, along with imprisonment for a certain period, an alternative main type of punishment in the form of a fine should be indicated, and secondly, the imbalance between the degree of severity of punishments, provided for in different parts of the provision under consideration, should be eliminated.
10
Nugraha, Agung, and Semiarto A. Purwanto. "Neo-Esktraktivisme Tambang Timah di Pulau Bangka." Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v2i1.95.
Full textAbstract:
Tin mining on Bangka Island was monopolized by large companies since the colonial period until twenty years ago. Furthermore, illegal tin miners or unconventional mines (tambang inkonvensional or TI) are the main actors in tin exploitation. We conducted research on the network of tin mining actors to explain the social relations, capital, and business of tin miners. Through the case study method, we observed and interviewed our informants during the March-October 2018 period. Within the neo-extractivism framework, we examined that TI players were connected to the mining business supported by global investment through a network of sub-collectors, collectors, and the smelting industry. This network serves to legalize the tin obtained by TI while ensuring the supply of industrial raw materials to support exports. We conclude that there has been a shift from production to distribution sectors. When emphasis on production processes, various institutional decays occur which involve state actors in it. Next, as attention is paid to the distribution chain, a shadow network that hides behind official companies emerges.
11
Wireko-Gyebi, Rejoice Selorm, Michael Osei Asibey, Owusu Amponsah, Rudith Sylvana King, Imoro Braimah, Godfred Darko, and Anne Mette Lykke. "Perception of Small-Scale Miners on Interventions to Eradicate Illegal Small-Scale Mining in Ghana." SAGE Open 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 215824402096366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020963668.
Full textAbstract:
The proliferation of illegal mining in Ghana, coupled with its environmental impacts, especially on water bodies has compelled the government to ban all artisanal small-scale mining (ASM) activities in the country. The ban is intended to promote environmental sustainability while the government takes steps to provide sustainable health, and environmental-friendly ASM in Ghana. This paper assesses the perception of registered miners on the current approach by the Ghanaian government to stop illegal mining. Analyses of data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews revealed that the miners felt “left out” of the entire process. They maintained that they were not directly involved in the process to ban illegal mining in Ghana. To them, the proliferation of illegal mining in Ghana is the result of non-performing government institutions, corruption, and cumbersome licensing procedures. The article calls for improvement in the collaboration between the government and miners through a simplified participatory framework for the management of ASM in Ghana.
12
Paruki, Novia Rahmawati A., and Ahmad Ahmad. "Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Tambang Ilegal." Batulis Civil Law Review 3, no. 2 (August 26, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v3i2.966.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is a country rich in mines, such as gold, silver, petroleum, mines, etc. Mining must be carried out by the government or the private sector. Every mining company is required to obtain a permit as regulated in Government Regulation Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral Mining in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 23 of 2010 concerning the Implementation of Mineral Mining. In fact, not all companies have a license. There are so many companies operating illegally. One of them is gold mining without a permit (illegal) in Tonala Village, Gorontalo Regency. The specification of this research is descriptive analytic. The method used is the normative as the primary approach and the juridical empirical method as the secondary approach. The data sources are secondary and primary. Data collection techniques used field studies with interviews for primary data and literature studies for secondary data. Then, the data were analyzed qualitatively in the form of qualitative descriptive.
13
Hasibuan, Ongku Parmonangan, Jann Hidajat Tjakraatmadja, and Yos Sunitiyoso. "Integrated Strategy to Curtail Illegal Gold Mining: A Case Study in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia." Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM) 14, no. 1 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2021.14.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Illegal gold mining has disturbed the operation of a mining company (Indo Muro Kencana) in Central Kalimantan since the early 1990s. Several disputes have happened, including two serious conflicts, causing financial losses, damage to facilities, and fatalities, forcing the company to stop operations in 2002 and 2013. Eventually, the original investors abandoned the site. Various countermeasures were taken, including harsh law enforcement involving police and military forces’ deployment, yet the illegal mining activities continued. Since 2015, the new management has implemented new approaches; within five years, the number of illegal miners has decreased considerably. This study aims to identify the reasons behind the disputes and how the new management reduces illegal mining within its concession without triggering further conflict. This research is a case study using in-depth interviews, complemented by a study of corporate and media documents. Five factors were identified behind the previous conflicts. The new management’s integrated strategy to manage social issues, including illegal mining, started with social mapping, then an integrated team to deal with social issues was established, and finally, an integrated plan was introduced with four agendas: engagement, presence, respect and inclusiveness, and cohesiveness. This study contributes to company-community model building in similar circumstances and, in practice, offers a solution to curtail illegal gold mining, particularly in Indonesia. Keywords: Conflict, illegal gold mining, illegal miners, integrated, Kalimantan.
14
Juita, Erna. "Morphological Changes Batanghari Watershed Due to Illegal Mine: Case Study of Solok Selatan Regency - Indonesia." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202156.
Full text
15
Amelia, Nur Rizky, Hariadi Kartodihardjo, and Leti Sundawati. "The Role of Social Capital of Gold Miners on Defending Illegal Mining in Central Sulawesi Forest Park." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl37255-266.
Full textAbstract:
The approval of mining permits in the area of the Central Sulawesi Forest Park to a private company caused the emerging of illegal mining by the local community. This study aims to identify the characteristics and social capital of local community miners and their role in the conflict and community resistance. This is explorative research using a qualitative approach. Data was collected through a structured interview to 30 miners as respondents and in-depth interviews with various related stakeholders such as tribal leaders and local government. The results showed that although the social capital of the local community miners was relatively moderate, it could encourage community resistance to the government's efforts to close the illegal mining. The results were affected by a common knowledge that mining is the only source of income for the community. Also, the support of tribal leaders and village officers became a symbolic power that could propel the collective actions of the local community miners.Keywords: forest park, illegal gold mining, social capital, conflict, collective action
16
Jefri Anthoni, Hendrich Jut Abert, and Ety Sandora. "Tambang Ilegal di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Terkait Dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batu Bara." Collegium Studiosum Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/csj.v3i2.476.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Mining Advocacy Network (JATAM) of East Kalimantan, there are 151 illegal mines operating in 4 areas of East Kalimantan, this is very worrying and since mining permits are in the center, the local government is increasingly indifferent, they are increasingly empowered to dig without a permit. The issue of Illegal Coal Mining in East Kalimantan is currently a problem that must be resolved together. Because this problem has become a problem at the national level. Currently there are around 100 more illegal mines that must be completed by local law enforcement officers in the Bumi Etam area, especially in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The author uses the library research method or literature review. This literature review research is conducting research from library books, magazines, journals and articles and sources from the internet that are relevant to the problems discussed.
17
Sabini, Marselinus Nuba, and Leila Mona Ganiem. "Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Bisnis Perusahaan." Jurnal ASPIKOM 2, no. 5 (July 17, 2015): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v2i5.86.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the understanding of the mine repellent group PT.ABC communication strategy through the CSR program. Research using qualitative descriptive approach with the constructivist paradigm. Data collection technique used the techniques of interview and literature study. The study design is done with the design of the case study. The results showed PT.ABC has been running various CSR programs that include four areas of activity: community development, education, health and infrastructure improvements. Nevertheless, the rejection of a repellent group remain. Some of the factors, the program is limited to a certain group, employment is still very limited, and the tendency of corporations to be closed to some sensitive issues like IUP, illegal miners and environmental damage. Constraints faced by the corporation less communicate openly with repellent group, the CSR program is also still limited to a few groups, the limited competence of communicating CSR employee-related mines, as well as the personal interests of the group repellent utilizing the mine issue.
18
Yulianti, Rita, Emi Sukiyah, and Nana Sulaksana. "Dampak Limbah Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (Peti) Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Limun Kabupaten Sarolangun Propinsi Jambi - The Impact Of Illegal Gold Mining Activity To The Water Quality Of Limun River, Sarolangun District, Jambi Province." Bulletin of Scientific Contribution 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2017): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/bsc.vol14.yr2016.art10969.
Full textAbstract:
Daerah penelitian terletak di desa Muaro Limun, Kecamatan Limun Kabupaten Sarolangun Provinsi Jambi. Sungai limun, salah satu sungai besar di daerah kabupaten sarolangun yang dimanfaatkan oleh mayarakat sekitarnya sebagai sumber penghidupan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan penambangan terhadap kualitas air sungai Batang Limun, dan perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia yang diakibatkan kegiatan penambangan.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode grab sampel, serta stream sedimen untuk dianalis di laboratorium. Sejumlah sampel diambil di beberapa lokasi Penambangan Emas berdasarkan Aliran Sub-DAS dan dibandingkan dengan beberapa sampel lain yang diambil pada lokasi yang belum terkontaminasi oleh kegiatan penambangan. Analisis kualitas air mengacu pada SMEWWke 22 tahun 2012 dan standar baku mutu air kelas II dalam PP No 82 yang dikeluarkan oleh Menteri Kesehatan No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010. Diketahui sungai Batang Limun telah mengalami perubahan karakteristik fisika dan kimia. Dari grafik kosentrasi kekeruhan, pH, TSS, TDS Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Hg terlihat bahwa penambang emas tanpa izin (PETI) dengan cara amalgamasi yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas air sungai. Sejak tahun 2009 sampai tahun 2015 sungai Limun dan sekitarnya terus mengalami penurunan kualitas air. Penurunan kualitas yang cukup tinggi terjadi yaitu peningkatan nilai Rata-rata konsentrasi merkuri pada sungai Batang Limun dari 0,18ppb (0,00018 mg/l) menjadi 0,3ppb (0,0003 mg/l), peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh proses kegiatan penambangan dan nilai tersebut masih dibawah standar baku mutu air kelas II pp nomor 82 tahun 2010.Kata kunci : Kualitas Air, Sungai Limun,TSS, Merkuri, PETI Limun river is one of the major rivers in the area of Sarolangun, which utilized by the society as a source of livelihood. The aim of study to analyze the effect of mining activities on the water quality of Batang Limun River, and the changes of physical and chemical properties of water. The method used are grab and stream samples to sediment analyzed in the laboratory. A number of samples were taken at several locations based Flow Gold Mining Sub-watershed and compared to some other samples taken at the location that has not been contaminated by mining activities. Water quality analysis referring to SMEWW, 22nd edition 2012 and refers to Regulation No 82 that issued by Minister of Health No. 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010.The results showed that the Limun river has undergone chemical changes in physical characteristics. These symptoms can be seen from the discoloration of clear water in the river before the mine becomes brownish after mining, based on graphic of muddiness concentration: pH, TSS, TDS Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Hg have seen that the illegal miner which used amalgamation caused deterioration in water quality, data from 2009 to 2015 Limun river and surrounding areas continue to experience a decrease in water quality. The decreasing of water quality showed in the TSS parameter which found in the area is to high based on the standard of water quality class II pp number 82 of 2010. An increase in the value of average concentrations of mercury in the Batang Limun river before mine 0,18ppb (0.00018 mg / l) into 0,3ppb (0.0003 mg / l) on the river after the mine. The increase was affected by the mining activities and the value is still below the air quality standard Grade II pp numbers 82 years 2010, although the value is still below with the standards quality standard, the mercury levels in water should still be a major concern because if it accumulates continuously in the water levels will increase and will be bad for health. In contrast to the concentration of mercury in sediments that have a higher value is 153 ppb (0,513ppm ) .Key Words : Water Quality, Limun River, Mercury, Illegal gold mining
19
Sutrisno, Sutrisno, and Azhari Azhari. "The Study of Socioeconomic and Environmental Aspects of Dolomite Limestone Mining in Tuban Regency." Journal of Socioeconomics and Development 3, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v3i1.896.
Full textAbstract:
Limestone mining in Tuban District has serious problems due to unlicensed mining that does not comply with conservation rules and mining procedures standards. This review article aims to study the socioeconomic and environmental aspects of limestone mining in Tuban Regency. Limestone mining by the village community substantially meets the eligibility criteria. Most of them work as unlicensed or illegal miners, mining kumbung limestone as material for building bricks. They generally work for landowners or investors who have limestone management rights. Livelihoods as miners provide better welfare guarantees compared to working on agricultural land. Limestone mining activities have impacted the destruction of the natural landscape, leaving lakes, caves, or giant holes in the ex-mining limestone hills. Efforts to resolve the issue include licensing arrangements, partnerships to improve the status of illegal miners, reclamation work to control erosion, and the development of the limestone tourism business. JEL Classification: J21, L72, Q15
20
Ahmed YM, Oruonye ED, and Abdulkadir Usman Adamu. "Dynamics of artisanal gold mining in Gashaka local government area of Taraba State, Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2021.2.1.0033.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fact that gold has been mined in Gashaka, Taraba State for over a century and has continued to present day in the area, not much is known about this activity and its associated environmental impact in the state. This study therefore, examines the dynamics of artisanal small scale gold mining activities in Gashaka Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design approach which involves the use of direct fieldwork observation and interview of key informants. The findings of the study reveals that alluvial gold is mined along the streams and farmlands on the floodplains in the area. The gold exists as alluvial gold dust and nugget gold. The artisanal gold mining activity is carried out with rudimentary materials such as pickaxes, diggers, shovels, spades, pans and water pumps. Some of the local mining communities are Gayam, Jamtari, Karamti, Serti, Goje, Bodel, Mayo Jim, Bashishir, Kurr and Garbabi. The 3 major methods employed by artisanal gold miners in the study area include panning method, use of locally constructed devices and picking of gold nuggets or crystals from dug pit on the floodplain. The artisanal gold miners use sulphuric acid and white mercury in purifying the collected gold. The miners do not use any protective gears such as face masks, rubber gloves, leather boots or head coverings in the mining process. All golds collected from the mining activities are sold in the town (Serti/Baruwa). There is a ready market with both local buyers residing in the town and distant buyers coming from different parts of the country. Artisanal gold mining is an important livelihood activity in the study area despite the fact that many of them are carried out illegally. Based on the findings, the study recommended the establishment of a goldsmith industry, improvement in security in the local communities and organizing the artisanal gold miners into cooperative organizations.
21
Wang, Lili, Liao Yang, Weisheng Wang, Baili Chen, and Xiaolin Sun. "Monitoring Mining Activities Using Sentinel-1A InSAR Coherence in Open-Pit Coal Mines." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214485.
Full textAbstract:
Long-term continuous monitoring of the mining activities in open-pit coal mines is conducive to planning and management of the mining operations. Additionally, this faciliatates assessment on their environmental impact and supervises illegal mining behaviors. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology can be effectively applied in the monitoring of open-pit mines where vegetation is sparse and land cover is dominated by bare rock. The main objective of this study is to monitor the mining activities of four open-pit coal mines in the Wucaiwan mining area in China from 2018 to 2020, namely No. 1, No. 2 (containing two mining areas), and No. 3. We use the normalized differential activity index (NDAI) based on the coherence coefficient as an indicator of the mine activity due to its robustness to temporal and spatial decorrelation. After analyzing and removing the decorrelation caused by rain and snow weather, 70 NDAI images in 12-day intervals are obtained from Sentinel-1A InSAR coherence images. Then, the annually-averaged NDAI images are applied to an RGB composite technique (red for 2018, green for 2019, blue for 2020) to express the interannual variation of the mining activities. Points of interest are then selected for NDAI time series analysis. The RGB composite results indicated that No. 1 and 3 open-pit coal mines were continuously mined during the three years; whereas, the two mining areas of No. 2 were mainly active in 2018. The 12-day NDAI time-series graphs of No. 2 open-pit coal mine also indicate that the coal piles located in the coal transferring area of the first mining area were not completely removed until April 2019. It is also seen that the second mining area was decommissioned in November 2018 and became rehabilitated in July 2019. Results were validated using the Sentinel-2A images and related background information confirming the efficiency of the proposed approach for monitoring the mining activity in open-pit mines.
22
Yang, Xu, Mingzhi Pang, Peihao Li, Pengpeng Chen, and Qiang Niu. "A Novel Mine Cage Safety Monitoring Algorithm Utilizing Visible Light." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 3920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143920.
Full textAbstract:
The mine cage has an important role in the production of coal mines. It has many safety problems in the transportation of people, such as overloading of personnel and illegal outreach of human limbs. However, the harsh mine environment makes it very difficult to monitor personnel overload and limb extension. To solve these two problems, we propose a novel safety monitoring algorithm of the mine cage based on visible light. With visible light technology, our algorithm cleverly utilizes the existing underground lighting equipment (i.e., miner’s headlamp and the miner’s lamp deployed on the mine cage) as the transmitter to broadcast the light beacons representing unique identity information through visible light frequency modulation. Next, cheap photodiodes deployed in the mine cage are used as the receiver to perceive the modulated optical signals. Then we use the frequency matching method for personnel counting and the frequency power comparison method for illegal limb extension monitoring. Moreover, a novel method of monitoring the delineated safe area of the mine cage is also proposed to ensure that all the miners are in the delineated safe area. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments with a simulated mine cage model. Results show that our algorithm has superior performance. With the photodiode SD5421-002, the accuracy of personnel overload judgment and safe area monitoring of our algorithm can reach 99%, and the accuracy of limb extension monitoring is more than 96%.
23
Spiegel, Samuel J. "Legacies of a nationwide crackdown in Zimbabwe:Operation Chikorokoza Chaperain gold mining communities." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 4 (November 10, 2014): 541–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000469.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTAlthough conflict in Zimbabwe's diamond mining sector has recently received much international scrutiny, very little research has examined conflict in Zimbabwe's gold mining sector. This article analyses how a nationwide crackdown calledOperation Chikorokoza Chapera(‘No More Illegal Mining’) affected – and ‘disciplined’ – livelihoods in profound ways in both licensed and unlicensed gold mining regions. Drawing on interviews conducted between 2006 and 2013 with artisanal miners in the Insiza, Umzingwani and Kadoma areas as well as miners who crossed the border to Mozambique, the study reveals how a highly politicised crackdown led to uneven consequences. The analysis highlights both structural and physical violence, with more than 25,000 miners and traders arrested between 2006 and 2009 and more than 9,000 still imprisoned in 2013. Situating the crackdown within evolving political and economic interests, the study contributes to an understanding of how simplified discourses on ‘eradicating illegal mining’ mislead and mask power dynamics, while policing activities transform patterns of resource control. The study also emphasises that conceptualisations of the crackdown's legacy should carefully consider the agency of artisanal miners' associations, which, in some cases, have been actively seeking to resist coercive policies and rebuild livelihoods in the aftermath ofOperation Chikorokoza Chapera.
24
Hallatu, Trinovianto George Reinhard, Darsono Wisadirana, Sholih Mu'adi, and Anif Fatma Chawa. "Illegal sand mining and sar local wisdom: a case study in Merauke." International journal of social sciences and humanities 5, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v5n1.827.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal sand mining is carried out causing bad environmental problems. There needs to be a solution to solve the problem of illegal sand mining. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact of illegal sand mining in Merauke and the role of local wisdom to prevent illegal mining. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The place of research is Ndalir beach, the beach where sand mining occurs, and also Tomer village as one of the villages affected by illegal sand mining. Data was collected by direct observation and also in-depth interviews with several communities. The data obtained is that illegal sand mining provides benefits to the customary landowners of the sand village and also provides income to the sand miners. The negative impact of illegal mining is that it causes damage to mangrove forests resulting in abrasion, rising seawater to roads and homes, damage to roads and bridges. The solution is to adopt the local wisdom of the Kanum tribe, to prevent illegal sand mining.
25
Wahyudi, Choirul. "Pola Relasi Kuasa Negara dan Kelompok Tambang Minyak Ilegal (Studi Kasus Tambang Minyak Kecamatan Keluang Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan)." Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v1i2.5558.
Full textAbstract:
This study will describe how the pattern of relations in the management of illegal oil mines in Keluang District with two problem formulations, first what are the factors that shape the power relations between the State and the illegal oil mining group in Keluang District. The second is how the role of each actor and its influence in the case of illegal oil mining in Keluang District? To answer the two problem formulations above, researchers use the theory of rent seeking from Gordon Tullock. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The approach that will be used to support this research is to use a case study approach. In this study, the data will be divided into two types, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained in the field through interviews and direct observation at the research site. Secondary data is data obtained from books, papers and documents related to this research. Data analysis used in this study is Analysis Interactive Model from Miles and Huberman which divides the steps in data analysis activities with several parts, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The presence of illegal oil mines in Keluang District raises a sign where the presence and how the role of the State especially the government involved in the management of natural resources in the case of illegal oil mining in Keluang District.
26
Hernanda, Trias. "Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Kegiatan Penambangan Illegal Galian C Tanah Urug." Jurnal Justiciabelen 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v3i1.2242.
Full textAbstract:
This scientific article examines the enforcement of environmental law on the mining activities of excavated land c in the Kudus Regency, illegal excavated land c activities in Kudus Regency have a serious impact as evidenced by the emergence of victims in illegal c excavation sites that are not reclaimed. There are indeed not many illegal landfill land in Kudus Regency, but based on supervision in the field, the activity arises because it is based on economic factors, Kudus Regency itself actually has regulated zoning of the areas permitted for mining activities, things mentioned in Perda No. 16/2012 concerning RTRW, the method used in this study is empirical (nondoctrinal) Based on the results of field research on illegal activities of landfill excavation, it can be concluded that enforcement of illegal activities of landfill excavation c has not been carried out optimally. , this can be seen by the presence of illegal miners who still often do mining by playing cat and mouse with Satpol PP officers
27
Wibowo, Yudha Gusti, Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, Anis Tatik Maryani, Desy Rosarina, and La Ode Arkham. "Impact of illegal gold mining in Jambi, Indonesia." Indonesian Mining Journal 25, no. 1 (2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30556/imj.vol25.no1.2022.1271.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal gold mining caused various environmental damages in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries with abundant mineral reserves, especially Jambi Province. Jambi has much of natural resources, such as coal and gold. Unfortunately, the management of these natural resources has not been appropriately managed, which has resulted in much illegal gold mining. Illegal mining activities have caused environmental damage, mainly decreased water quality and changed landscapes. This paper explains the illegal mining activities at Jambi Province, including its history, socio-economic and environmental impacts, as well as recent technologies to reduce the environmental damage. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this research, including interviews, questionnaires, and laboratory measurements. The results showed that the people of Sarolangun, Bungo, and Tebo were aware that their illegal gold mining activities caused environmental damage. However, economic conditions and insufficient employment opportunities made unlawful gold miners have no other choice. Illegal gold mining activities have also shifted people's livelihoods who previously worked as farmers.
28
Hudatwi, Mu'alimah, and Umroh Umroh. "Comparison of Live Coral Cover in Central and South Bangka." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 21, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v21i1.2368.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Coral reef ecosystem has many biological, ecological, and economical functions to the universe. This ecosystem provides shelter, food, and home for many marine organisms and together they perform diverse and rich ecosystem. However, this diverse ecosystem is very susceptible to environmental change, such as climate change, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic impact. When reef-building coral could not stand with harsh condition they will eventually die. We assume that anthropogenic stressor such as turbidity, terrestrial runoff, and sedimentation is the main problem here, because of high number of tin mining activities. Bangka and Belitung Islands are huge tin producer and has been exploited heavily by the legal and illegal miner company. The purpose of this study is to investigate the live coral cover in Central and South Bangka by using the line intercept transect to calculate the live coral, died coral, and algae in each stations. The results showed that the coral cover in Central Bangka and South Bangka has fair condition (25-40% of live stony coral). Value of live and dead coral cover was 40% with Semujur and Ketawai represent the coral cover in Central Bangka. While South Bangka has slight (1-2%) difference of live coral, dead coral, and algae cover. High number of dead coral mainly composed by dead coral overgrown by algae, allegedly caused by high turbidity and sedimentation from the anthropogenic stressor. Keywords: coral reef, coral cover, died coral, sedimentation Abstrak Perbandingan Tutupan Karang Hidup di Bangka Tengah dan SelatanEkosistem terumbu karang mempunyai fungsi biologi, ekologi, dan ekonomi yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Ekosistem ini menyediakan tempat berlindung, makanan, dan rumah bagi organisme laut dan membentuk suatu ekosistem yang kaya dan beragam. Namun, ekosistem ini sangat rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan, sepertiiklim, asidifikasi, dan dampak lain yang dilakukan manusia. Ketika terumbu karang tidak mampu bertahan dengan perubahan lingkungan yang ekstrim mereka akan mati. Kami menduga bahwa dampak antropogenik seperti turbiditas, runoff dari darat, dan sedimentasi merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan terumbu karang, karena banyaknya aktivitas penambangan. Kepulauan Bangka belitung adalah penghasil timah terbesar dan telah dieksploitasi oleh penambang timah legal maupun ilegal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tutupan karang hidup di Provinsi Bangka Tengah dan Bangka Selatan dengan menggunakan metode traksek garis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terumbu karang di Bangka Tengah dan Selatan termasuk kategori sedang (25- 40% tutupan karang). Tutupan karang hidup dan karang mati di Bnagka Tengah sebesar 40% dari hasill pengamatan di Semujur dan Ketawai. Sedangkan nilai tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, dan alga di Bangka Selatan mempunyai angka perbedaan yang rendah (1-2%). Tingginya tutupan karang mati tersusun oleh karang mati yyang ditumbuhi alga yang disebabkan oleh turbiditas dan sedimentasi.Kata Kunci: karang mati, terumbu karang, tutupan karang, sedimentasi
29
Andriawan, Feri, Muhammad Akib, and Agus Triono. "Pengendalian Kerusakan Lingkungan Akibat Aktivitas Pertambangan di Kecamatan Pasir Sakti." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia 1, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v1i1.414.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose: This study aims to determine whether sand mining activities in Pasir Sakti District cause environmental damage and directly impact the community's life sector. There are over 1000 hectares of abandoned mining areas. The researcher is interested in examining problems, in this case, how efforts to control environmental damage caused by sand mining activities are progressing and what factors are impeding the implementation of environmental damage control. Research Methodology: This research takes an empirical normative approach to the problem. This is accomplished by describing and analyzing the results obtained from library data and field observations. Results: The findings indicated that a variety made efforts to implement control of parties, including the Environmental Service, the Police, and the community. Socialization of the community is needed in order to deter illegal mining and the resulting environmental damage. As a countermeasure, the imposition of administrative sanctions in government coercion through the control of illegal mining activities. Additionally, community involvement in rehabilitating and reforesting former mining areas contributes to recovery should be imposed. These parties' environmental damage control efforts have been less than optimal due to impeding factors such as a lack of institutional coordination or cooperation among the parties responsible for implementing the control and the absence of strict sanctions against illegal sand miners Contribution: The author proposes a review of existing control programs and increased enforcement efforts against illegal sand miners.
30
Masruddin, Masruddin, and Surahma Asti Mulasari. "Gangguan Kesehatan Akibat Pencemaran Merkuri (Hg) pada Penambangan Emas Ilegal." Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) 12, no. 1 (July 29, 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32695/jkt.v12i1.88.
Full textAbstract:
Gold mining activities can increase people's income and be detrimental if the correct processing process does not follow the implementation. This illegal gold mining and processing of gold ore use mercury. In the gold laundering process, who should carry out mercury with the correct procedures and knowledge. Still, in this illegal gold mining, the miners wash gold using mercury without using personal protective equipment so that the miners are in direct contact with the mercury used. Continuous, direct contact with heavy metals can cause an increase in chemical elements in the body caused by the bioaccumulation system. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the health problems caused by heavy metals in illegal gold mining. The database searches used are Garuda Portal and Google Scholar. There were 24 articles, and only ten were used, which were suitable through analysis of objectives, suitability of topics, analysis of results, and research locations. Based on the results of studies conducted, miners suffer from chronic and acute diseases. Chronic diseases suffered are liver dysfunction, decreased leukocytes, paralysis of limbs, numbness, and tremors. Symptoms felt by Parkinson's disease are constantly shaking hands and feet, facial muscles always moving involuntarily. Lips move unconsciously, lack passion for activities, difficulty sleeping, sometimes peaking emotions, poor memory, cramps during cold weather conditions, and often feel anxious. In contrast, the acute diseases that arise are acute poisoning, diarrhea, ARI, eye disease, vertigo, miscarriage, skin disease.
31
Winoto, Yunus. "MAKNA “PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN” BAGI PARA PENAMBANG EMAS TRADISIONAL." Commed : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Media 3, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/commed.v3i1.605.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal gold mining activities currently increasingly prevalent in some areas in Indonesia. One of them happened in the south of West Java province precisely in Tasikmalaya Regency. There are three locations that become a place of illegal gold mining in the region that is in District Cineam, District Karangjaya and District Salopa. The existence of this illegal gold mining activity has been detrimental to many parties in addition to the mining method which is done without using safety equipment, this activity has also damaged the surrounding environment and has caused pollution due to the processing using harmful materials such as mercury (Hg), cyanide and borax. Nevertheless, some traditional gold miners consider the activities they do not incur pollution. Therefore we are interested to study the meaning of "environmental pollution" for traditional gold mining. The method used in this research use qualitative approach with type of phenomenology research. Based on the results of the research, some interesting findings include traditional gold miners assuming the use of dangerous materials such as mercury, cyanide and borax does not cause any justification since no one has been sick or died because of frequent use of these hazardous materials.
32
Y P, Chethana. "IOT Based Illegal Coal Mining Detection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45738.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: When it comes to mining, there are two extremely crucial issues to consider:safety and legality. Illegal mining has been reported in numerous places of India. Combating this problem and ensuring that mining activity is carried out safely, as well as enhancing the effectiveness of discovering unlawful mining activities, is a serious task. At the moment, there is no effective way of detecting the presence of uncertainty in mines at an early stage, and as a result, people are dying. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, automobile collisions, and mine wall failures are all major risks. This project aids in the detection of unlawful mining in safe zones, hence preventing natural disasters. It also uses sensors to send values to the appropriate authorities when it detects any abnormal behavior .When the nodes thatforward the data are picked dynamically based on their battery life, energy efficiencyis practiced. The tool will also keep track of mining activities in remote areas.
33
Sidorova, G. M. "Who is Responsible for Instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo?" MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(39) (December 28, 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-6-39-29-36.
Full textAbstract:
The research focuses on the problem of military-political instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo experiencing continued armed conflict for a long time. Dozens of illegal armed groups both Congolese and foreign origin continue to destabilize situation in the eastern part of the country causing humanitarian disasters. Due to governmental weakness, economic backwardness, chronical lack of finance resources, interethnic conflicts, all-round and widely spread corruption of the authorities, the Congolese government at the moment is not able to overcome scores of problems including the problem of security. Assistanceprovided to the DRC by itspartnerssuch as, first of all, the former metropolitan country Belgium, as well as the USA, Great Britain, the Europe Union and China works only in favourof these country-donors. They are attracted by rich Congolese natural resources which the DRC remaining one of the poorest countries in the world cannot turn to advantage to the full extent because of its economic backwardness. In exchange for so-calleddevelopment programmes, expensive strategic raw material (such as coltan, wolfram, casseterit, cooper, gold, niobium, and other) is being extracted and exported from the country, in addition, often on the inequivalent basis. This is taking place for the reason that numerous mines and open-cast mines are being controlled by different illegal armed groups and not by the central government. Therefore, it turns out that in the context of a military-political crisis, for so-called partners it is more beneficial to pursue their own interests. Furthermore, western ideologists arouse "separatism-oriented" theories similar to "balkanization", in other words, a breakdown of this giant country into several independent states. The Congolese are tremulous to this issue, they try to counter such approachs and defend the territorial integrity of the DRC. However, it is not an easy task. The impediment is unsettled relations with neighbouring countries - Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi which for tens of years exploit illegally natural resources of the DRC and try to lay hold of frontier Congolese territories.
34
Kapobe, Jackson, Charles Mazala, and Richard Phiri. "Kitwe black mountain - Is Zambia realising the true value from it?" Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jonas.3.1.462.
Full textAbstract:
Nkana slag dump (The Black Mountain) in Kitwe, Zambia, has existed since 1931 when the copper smelter was commissioned. This 20 million tonnes of smelter slag contains about 0.34 per cent - 4.5 per cent cobalt and average 1.2 per cent copper. When Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited was privatised, the slag dump was purchased by Anglo Vaal Mining (90% shareholding) who built a smelter in Chambishi in 2000 to recover the cobalt and copper in the slag. The smelter operations closed in 2006 and the slag dump was later sold to Nkana Alloy and Smelting Company Limited. Various small scale illegal miners (locally called Jerabos) started illegally reclaiming the slag and selling to Chinese buyers operating small scale mineral processing plants. In the recent past, the government surrendered its 10 per cent shareholding of the slag dump to Chapamo Minerals Processing Company owned by the small scale local community (Jerabos). The substandard technologies being used by these small scale plants yield very low recoveries of about 50-60 per cent for both cobalt and copper, thus discarding huge quantities of valuable cobalt and copper which could be recovered if appropriate technologies were applied. This potential revenue to the nation in taxes is being lost. These small scale plants have not invested in appropriate advanced technology which can yield above 90 per cent recoveries because of their quest to make quick and easy money. The serious safety shortcomings at the slag dump have resulted in unnecessary loss of lives. The recent incident on 21 June, 2018 claimed 11 lives. There is need to study the physical structure of the slag dump to provide clear understanding of the safety precautions to be taken while reclaiming the material. There is, therefore, an opportunity to increase recoveries of the cobalt and copper by applying appropriate advanced technologies to process the slag. This will result in improved revenue, thus realizing the true value.
35
Mbonane, Thokozani Patrick, Angela Mathee, André Swart, and Nisha Naicker. "Lead Poisoning among Male Juveniles Due to Illegal Mining: A Case Series from South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136838.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal mining is a major public health and societal concern. Recent scientific evidence indicates elevated blood–lead levels in illegal gold miners and associated communities. Yet, there is little research in this regard from low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), where illegal mining is growing. This case series is extracted from a cross-sectional study of lead exposure in incarcerated juveniles in greater Johannesburg. From survey records (blood–lead levels and questionnaires), three males had elevated blood–lead levels and presented with health conditions and behavioural problems putatively linked with lead poisoning. Based on the record review, all three juveniles were in a secure facility due to illegal mining-related activities. All three cases had high blood–lead levels and demonstrated a tendency toward aggressive or violent behaviour. They also presented with conditions associated with lead poisoning, such as anaemia, respiratory illness, abdominal disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Juveniles involved in illegal mining are at risk of exposure to heavy metals such as lead, and there is a need for relevant preventative action and health care programmes in this group.
36
Xia, Yuanping, and Yunjia Wang. "InSAR- and PIM-Based Inclined Goaf Determination for Illegal Mining Detection." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233884.
Full textAbstract:
The determination of the depth and boundary of the goaf is of great significance for the detection of illegal mining. However, determining the current location of unknown goafs mainly relies on low-efficiency, time-consuming, and labor-intensive physical detection methods such as geomagnetic field changes. Due to their large coverage and high degree of automation, research on remote sensing methods has been conducted to locate mining activities by monitoring surface deformation. This paper proposes a method that relies on the principle of the probability integration method (PIM) and on synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to retrieve the location of an underground goaf. First, the relationship between ground subsidence and the location of the mined-out area was established according to PIM; then, the location of the mined-out area was obtained by the surface deformation acquired by InSAR. The proposed method does not rely on complex nonlinear models and has complete parameters; therefore, it has higher engineering application value. A test site in the Fengfeng mining area and 11 Radarsat-2 images were used to verify the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the average relative error of the proposed method is 6.35%, which is 27.56% higher than that of similar algorithms based on complex nonlinear models. Compared to algorithms that ignore the coal seam dip, the accuracy is improved to 98.27%.
37
Wicaksono, Arief Ikhwan, Rama Sahtyawan, and Dedy Hariyadi. "Network Forensic of Cryptocurency Miners." Compiler 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/compiler.v11i2.1369.
Full textAbstract:
As reported by BSSN on August, 2022, Indonesia has traffic anomalies of 1.6 billion traffic, with 55.83% of anomaly findings containing malware and the remaining 14.99% information disclosure is another activity. Some of this data, when further analyzed based on the type of attack, falls into the categories of breaches, successes, attempts, and failures. Investigate crimes related to misuse of resources for illegal cryptocurrency mining activities. Therefore, this study should consider acquisitions from the network side as they apply to existing government agencies/institutions. This observation thereby provides information for later evidence, intruder detection, and prosecution of perpetrators who misuse resources for personal gain. As a result, the harvesting processs can obtain valuable data from routers as a digital evidence for investigating information about network attack activitiy and anomalies traffic.
38
Aranoglu, Fatih, Tulay Flamand, and Sebnem Duzgun. "Analysis of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Peru under Climate Impacts Using System Dynamics Modeling." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127390.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we propose a system dynamics (SD) model to examine the dynamics of an informal artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) supply chain that has interactions with the illegal gold supply chain in the Amazon rainforest region, Madre de Dios (MdD), Peru. In order to examine the system under climate impacts and validate the model, we run it under a flood scenario, which is one of the main climate impacts that causes disruption in mining activities. Our findings suggest that the dynamics of informal mines are highly affected by the illegal mercury supply, fuel supply, and availability of workers. In addition, the model under the flood scenario suggests that any external variable that could directly affect fuel and mercury supply would result in a disruption of informal and illegal gold production.
39
Thornton, Robert. "Zamazama, “illegal” artisanal miners, misrepresented by the South African Press and Government." Extractive Industries and Society 1, no. 2 (November 2014): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2014.06.003.
Full text
40
Widowaty, Yeni, Gatot Supangkat Samidjo, and Dakha Hadi Nugraha. "Application of Strict Liability Principles Against Illegal Karst Rock Mining Leading to Environmental Damage." E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131604008.
Full textAbstract:
Illegal mining of karst rocks in Gunungkidul Regency is increasingly rampant, resulting in environmental damage and casualties. The proposed problem is how can the principle of strict liability be applied to illegal karst mining actors? What is the concept that should be done in the future to abolish illegal karst rock mining to prevent further environmental damage? The research was a socio-legal study with primary and secondary data. The research was conducted in Gunungkidul, Indonesia by taking samples in the village of Ponjong. The results of the study showed that the perpetrators of illegal karst rock mining so far have never been imposed to the principle of strict liability. Ironically, there have been no objections from the public so far against mining companies. The community around the mining area is employed by the company, while the needs of the community are met. Hence, no protest occurred even though the mining caused environmental damage. The concept that should be carried out in the future to prevent further illegal mining is the improvement of law enforcement. Although action has been taken against illegal miners with revocation of permits, a reformulation of regulations by imposing criminal sanctions on perpetrators is necessary to become a deterrent.
41
Feofanov, Andrey. "Geoecological Aspects of Coal Mining in Donets Basin." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 4 (December 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2021.4.1.
Full textAbstract:
Donets Coal Basin (the Donbass Coalfield) with its multi-million population is a concentration of all kinds of industries. These include iron and steel industry, machine-tool manufacture, mining production, byproduct coke industry, and also agriculture. Above all others it is coal-mining industry which coming of age and subsequent development is invariably connected with the evolutionary existence of this region. Coal mining, like any production, has its own negative aspects that adversely affect ecology of the region. The article overviews a number of essential geoecological aspects related to deep coal mining and shale gas production in Donets Basin which, taken as a whole and in isolation from one another, deform ground surface and surface buildings, flood the near-surface area, affect underground water inflow, dewater surface watercourses, increase background radiation, etc. The vast majority of harmful geoecological impacts are accounted for by legal operating coal mines and illegal ones – the so-called kopanki. Primarily just mines deform and kopanki sometimes distort surface landscape, creating at the same time a hazard to the safety of surface buildings. Faulty operation and the same kind abandonment of such industries lead to an increase in inflow of aggressive groundwater, pollution of safe drinking water sources, drying of surface watercourses that only worsen the environmental geology of the region. A catastrophe waiting to happen in the region is the so-called old mine workings abandoned at coal seam outcrops since early days through present of coal industry. They are hazardous due to their sinkhole collapse and deformation unpredictability for ground surface areas that fall within their affected zone. The more so because at most mining plans of old mines have not been preserved. Just as either there are no plans or they are completely lack for operating illegally private shallow mines, including kopanki. The planned shale gas production in Donets Coal Basin to be commenced since that year will significantly put a strain on environmental geology of the region with far-reaching negative consequences.
42
Idrobo, Nicolás, Daniel Mejía, and Ana María Tribin. "Illegal Gold Mining and Violence in Colombia." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0053.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe increase in the international price of commodities after the international financial crisis in 2008 produced a gold rush in the Colombian economy, making legal and illegal mining a very profitable and attractive business. The increase in the illegal exploitation of metals like gold has exacerbated violence in municipalities with an abundance of such minerals. Gold is believed to be a new engine in the Colombian conflict. This paper documents the phenomenon and quantifies the causal impact that the gold boom has had on indicators of violence such as homicides, forced displacement and massacres. We use the location of national parks, indigenous reserves and geochemical anomalies associated with the presence of gold mines as instruments for illegal mining in order to disentangle the causal effect of illegal mining on violence. By law, it is very difficult to get licenses for the extraction of gold in parks and indigenous reserves, and this might be a factor increasing the prevalence of illegal mining activities in municipalities with these features. In order to have time variation in our instruments, we interact geographical features associated with the presence of gold and illegal gold mining (which vary only at the municipal level) with the international price of gold. Our estimates indicate that the rise of illegal gold mining has caused a statistically significant increase in violence, as measured with the homicide rate and the victims of massacres. However, we do not find a significant causal effect of illegal gold mining on forced displacement. Our interpretation is that the increase in the profitability of illegal mining activities has sparked a dispute over territorial control between illegal armed groups in order to monopolize the extraction of the precious minerals. Nevertheless, illegal mining is a labor intensive activity, and this may have counteracted the incentives of illegal armed groups to displace local populations from their land.
43
Haryadi, Dwi. "FAKTOR KRIMINOGEN ILLEGAL MINING TIMAH DI BANGKA BELITUNG." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 44, no. 1 (January 15, 2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mmh.44.1.2015.52-58.
Full textAbstract:
Bangka Belitung’s tin wealth on the downside has led to rampant illegal mining practices. This research aims to determine the root causes of illegal mining. Data collection was done through literature studies, field observations, participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with key informants from miners to policy makers, as well as law enforcement officers. The study finds there are eight criminogenic factors, namely tin disorientation governance, political control of tin, tin abundant, areas prone to smuggling, economic needs of the people and the elite, low awareness of law and and environment, nonoptimal guidance and supervision, and ineffective law enforcement.Kekayaan timah Bangka Belitung pada sisi negatifnya telah menimbulkan maraknya praktik Illegal mining. Tujuan penelitian antaralain untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya illegal mining. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur, pengamatan lapangan, observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dan FGD yang dengan para key informan dari pelaku tambang sampai pengambil kebijakan, serta aparat penegak hukum. Penelitian ini menemukan ada 8 (delapan) faktorkriminogen terjadinya illegal mining timah, yaitu disorientasi tata kelola pertimahan, politik penguasaan timah, timah yang melimpah, daerah rawan penyelundupan, kebutuhan ekonomi rakyat dan elit, rendahnya kesadaran hukum dan lingkungan, pembinaan dan pengawasan belum optimal dan penegakan hukum yang belum efektif.
44
Hardi, Muhammad, and Mussadun Mussadun. "Pengendalian Tata Ruang Kawasan Pertambangan Terhadap Kegiatan Pertambangan Emas Ilegal di Kabupaten Pidie." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 12, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v12i1.11457.
Full textAbstract:
Pidie District is one of the areas in Aceh Province which is rich in minerals such as gold, copper, iron sand, and other metal minerals. The potential for the mine has created a lot of illegal gold mining activities that cause negative effect for the spatial planning and the environment. The local government has been trying to control and supervision, but still not able to cope with illegal gold mining activities in the study area.Seeing these conditions, the authors conducted research entitled Spatial Control of Mining Areas Against Illegal Gold Mining Activity In Pidie District. This study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods (mixed methods) and supported by ArcGIS 10.2 software to perform analysis.The study found a violation of spatial due to illegal gold mining activities that enter the protected forest areas, forest production and residential area that is not worth mine. Control efforts such as zoning, permits, incentives, disincentives, sanctions and regular monitoring has been carried out. The constraints such as government officials and companies involved, weak law enforcement and a lack of coordination among agencies makes illegal gold mining region of the study is still ongoing. Arrangement of WPR on location technically feasible, completion of the poverty problem perpetrators, and to improve inter-agency coordination are measures to control illegal gold mines in the region of study.
45
Aminah, Aminah, Nurlisa Nurlisa, Ubaidulllah Ubaidulllah, and Effendi Hasan. "Kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Jaya dalam Pengelolaan Pertambangan Emas Rakyat." Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi) 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jsu.v16i2.26450.
Full textAbstract:
The people's gold mine in Gunong Ujeun, Aceh Jaya Regency, is one of the community-designated people's mining zones. However, exploiting these people's mines has generated several confrontations in the local community, and many illegal miners have come. This study aims to investigate the implementation of government policies in managing people's gold mining as well as the obstacles encountered. This study used a qualitative approach and a descriptive model. The informants are miners, locals, village authorities, and the Aceh Jaya District administration. This study showed that the Aceh Jaya government's policies on the management of community mining had not been adequately implemented due to a lack of socialization and that some individuals did not comply with the policies or were unaware of them. Then overlaps in policy between regional and national legislation prevented the Aceh Jaya regional administration from freely regulating the management of mines.AbstrakTambang emas rakyat di Gunong Ujeun Kabupaten Aceh Jaya merupakan salah satu wilayah pertambangan rakyat yang telah diperuntukkan untuk dieksploitasi oleh masyarakat. Dalam pengeksploitasi tambang rakyat tersebut telah menimbulkan berbagai konflik di masyarakat lokal dan banyaknya penambang-penambang liar yang berdatangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang implementasi kebijakan Pemerintah dalam pengelolaan pertambangan emas rakyat serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu para penambang, penduduk, perangkat desa, dan pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Jaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan pemerintah Aceh Jaya dalam pengelolaan pertambangan rakyat belum berjalan secara maksimal. Penyebabnya adalah kurangnya sosialisasi yang dilakukan sehingga terdapat masyarakat yang tidak mematuhi hingga tidak mengetahui adanya peraturan tersebut. Kemudian, adanya kontradiksi antara peraturan daerah dan peraturan nasional membuat pemerintah daerah tidak bisa secara leluasa mengatur pengelolaan tambang di Aceh Jaya.
46
Mosnier, Emilie, Mathieu Nacher, Muriel Ville, Basma Guarmit, Juliette Stroot, Paul Brousse, Felix Djossou, et al. "A Large Outbreak of Thiamine Deficiency Among Illegal Gold Miners in French Guiana." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, no. 5 (May 3, 2017): 1248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0906.
Full text
47
Hatu, Rauf A. "Socio-economic Conditions in The Illegal Gold Miners Tulabolo Village, Gorontalo-in Indonesian." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2016.97.105.
Full text
48
Pommier de Santi, Vincent, Félix Djossou, Nicolas Barthes, Hervé Bogreau, Georges Hyvert, Christophe Nguyen, Stéphane Pelleau, et al. "Malaria Hyperendemicity and Risk for Artemisinin Resistance among Illegal Gold Miners, French Guiana." Emerging Infectious Diseases 22, no. 5 (May 2016): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2205.151957.
Full text
49
Ali, Muhammad Ichsan. "The Consequences of Illegal Mining in the Environment: Perspectives Behavioral, Knowledge and Attitude." International Journal of Environment, Engineering and Education 1, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55151/ijeedu.v1i1.10.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental problems can overcome by changing the mental attitude of humans as environmental destroyers to humans who are aware of their environment. The focus in research is to find out and then interpret the results obtained related to the presence or absence of influence between the level of knowledge and attitudes of traditional miners on behavior. The number of samples used was 212 respondents spread over traditional mining areas of the community. Data is obtained from surveys using questionnaire instruments and interviews with traditional miners. The data is then analyzed Structural Equation Model (SEM) using IBM AMOS 23. The results of validation and reliability and goodness of fit (GOF) indicate that the model is feasible and fit. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant impact between the variables of knowledge and attitudes towards the behavior of the mining community. The condition of enough knowledge is not able to change people's behavior to manage the environment. The results obtained are the same as attitudinal variables that show contra to the environment. All ways are done to get profits without seeing the consequences. The attitude of the government must be more assertive in controlling illegal mining that has damaged the surrounding environment. Humans who are aware of their environment are humans who already understand and apply attitudes and behaviors that care about the environment and apply the principles of ecology and environmental ethics.
50
Уханов, Иннокентий Сергеевич. "On Perspectives of Prospectors Activities Carried out by Natural Persons." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2022.84.84.020.
Full textAbstract:
В статье рассматривается правовая проблема возрождения добычи золота и других драгоценных металлов физическими лицами. В настоящее время законодательство дозволяет такую деятельность только юридическим лицам, обладающим лицензией. Однако значительные объемы золота в России по-прежнему добываются физическими лицами незаконно. Теневой оборот золота на Дальнем Востоке достиг огромных масштабов. Разработан законопроект по легализации деятельности старателей и декриминализации золотодобывающей отрасли. Это позволит в ближайшие годы создать тысячи рабочих мест для местного населения и существенно увеличить добычу золота. The article deals with the challenge of reviving gold and other precious metals mining by individuals. Currently, the legislation allows such activity only to legal entities holding a license. However, significant amounts of gold in Russia continue to be mined illegally by individuals. The underground gold turnover in the Far East has reached enormous proportions. A draft law has been thus developed to legalize the activities of miners and decriminalize the gold mining industry. This will allow in the coming years to create thousands of jobs for the local population and significantly increase gold production.