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Journal articles on the topic 'Illegal export'
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1
Gafurov, Farkhod. "THE FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLEGAL EXPORT OF CURRENCY VALUES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES IS AN URGENT TASK!" JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-6-10.
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Today, as a result of the reforms carried out in the field of currency policy liberalization in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a wide range of favorable opportunities for entrepreneurs and citizens engaged in foreign economic activity is being created. Nevertheless, there are attempts to illegally use the opportunities created by some citizens and "unclean entrepreneurs", in particular, there arecases of illegal withdrawal of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries.This situation, in turn, causes an escalation and growth of illegal withdrawal of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries. Since the fight against the illegal export of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries remains an urgent task. Based on the above, this scientific article will cover in detail the importance and relevance of the fight against the illegal export of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries, proposals for measures to prevent it. Keywords:protectionism, currency, currency values, foreign economic activity, illegal export, import, export, tariff and non-tariff regulation.
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HOGUE, CHERYL. "U.S. EXPORT BREAK RULED ILLEGAL." Chemical & Engineering News 79, no. 27 (July 2, 2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n027.p006a.
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Stoilova, Alina S. "Impact of the Prospective Roundwood Export Ban on Russian Timber Production." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 14, no. 7 (July 2021): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0786.
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Illegal timber harvesting and trafficking is one of the most important economic and environmental problems in the Russian Federation. Illegal logging leads to degradation of forests and a shortage of timber in wood industries. One of the measures to counter illegal logging is the ban on the export of raw wood, which will take effect on January 1, 2022. However, such a measure will lead not only to control over the circulation of illegal timber, but also to a number of economic consequences. The impact of the ban on the inland market can be assessed using the point sectoral model of the forestry complex (PSM‑fc). The results of scenario calculations show that a ban on the export of raw materials can lead to a reduction in logging volumes and an increase in the share of products of deeper processing in exports
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Gafurov, Farkhod. "ОNMEASURES TO PREVENT ILLEGAL EXPORT OF ELECTRONIC CURRENCY FROM UZBEKISTAN TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES." JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-8-8.
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To date, there are cases of illegal export of values in electronic currency from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries, in particular, suchforeign currency as cryptocurrency, blockchain, mining. This situation, in turn, causes an escalation and an increase in the illegal withdrawal of electronic currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries. Since the fight against theillegal export of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries remains an urgent task. Based on the foregoing, this scientific article will highlight in detail theimportance, prevention of illegal export of the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries, illegal export of electronic currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries establishment of administrative and criminal liability for embezzlement, legal regulation of relations related to electronic currency and relevance of the fight against illegal export of electronic currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries, proposals on preventive measures
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Yuriy Krutik, Yuriy Krutik. "ILLEGAL EXPORT-IMPORT OPERATIONS AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH IN THE SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF RESEARCHERS." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 06, no. 04(01) (September 23, 2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd0604(01)2021-114.
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The article provides a bibliometric analysis of publications on the queries of "illegal import operations" and illegal export operations during 1984-2021. Emphasis was placed on Scopus as it is the largest bibliographic database in the world, representing over 21,000 international scientific publishing houses. The work is devoted to the study of the application of bibliographic analysis as a quantitative approach in assessing the documentary and informational workflow, which makes it possible to carry out a formalized analysis of the results of scientific activity quite accurately. The main results demonstrate an increase the topic interest of illegal export-import operations in different social and economic areas and in different countries. The analysis of publications proves the lack of a literature review on the topic with the keywords illegal import operations and illegal export operations. It has also been found that bibliometric analysis is an effective tool that can be used for literature reviews across all branches of the social and economic sciences. The results obtained in this study provide additional information on the development of the topic of illegal export-import operations, sources of publications, and their dynamics, as well as justification for the development of a literature review as an obligatory part of scientific articles on the topic under study. Keywords: bibliometric analysis; Scopus database; illegal import transactions; illegal export transactions.
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Gafurov, Farkhod. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF OPERATIONAL-SEARCH MEASURES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ILLEGAL EXPORT OF CURRENCY VALUES IS A CURRENT TASK." JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-10-11.
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To date, there are known cases of illegal export of foreign currency from the Republic of Uzbekistanto foreign countries. The continuation of this negative trend will lead to an increase and increase in the smuggling of foreign currency from the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as a violation of the monetary policy of Uzbekistan. Therefore, the fight against smuggling of foreign currency from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries remains an urgent task. Based on the foregoing, this scientific article describes in detail the proposals for preventing the illegal export of foreign currency from the Republic of Uzbekistan, for improving the organizational and legal basisof operational-search measures to combat illegal export of foreign currency from the Republic of Uzbekistan.Keywords: operational-search activity, operational-search activities, operational officer, operational analysis,currency, currency values, foreign economic activity, illegal export, cryptocurrency, foreign countries
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Lepa, Tatyana. "Problematic Issues and Organization of the Fight against Illegal Export of Capital to Offshore Zones." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(1).71-78.
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In modern conditions, world power structures are actively looking for effective ways to minimize the risks posed by criminal schemes related to the withdrawal of capital to offshore zones. These wrongful acts have adverse economic consequences both for individual countries and for the entire world economy. They facilitate laundering of criminal money and prevent anonymous identification of sources of income for smugglers who illegally move illicit substances, drugs and weapons across borders. The article defines the notion and gives a brief history of the emergence of offshore zones and the reasons for their being in demand in the modern world. Real examples of illegal export of capital from Russia abroad are given, as well as some statistical data in dynamics on the number of cases identified and initiated by the Russian customs office. Legislative initiatives aimed at minimizing losses from criminal currency export schemes and motivating persons to return previously exported funds have been analysed. World trends in the organization of control and fight against illegal export of funds to offshore zones, also in order to prevent financing of terrorism, are considered. Options for solving problematic issues in this sphere are proposed.
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Pfannkuch, Markus, and Astrid Zabel. "Die EU Timber Regulation und ihre Konsequenzen für die Schweiz." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0010.
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The EU Timber Regulation and its implications for Switzerland In 2012, almost 96% of all Swiss wood exports were delivered into the European Union (EU). Since March 3rd, 2013, these exports are subject to the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR). Besides the Voluntary Partnership Agreements, this regulation constitutes the second policy package under the EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Action Plan (EU-FLEGT). The first part of this paper discusses the aims of the new timber regulation as a measure to combat illegal logging and illegal timber trade. The second part builds on expert interviews that were conducted with representatives of the industry, ministries, inter-trade organizations, as well as a politician and summarizes first experiences since the implementation of the policy as well as expected implications for the Swiss timber export sector. Moreover, four possible courses of action for Switzerland that were raised in the expert interviews are discussed: 1) integrating the EU Timber Regulation into the regulation on the declaration of wood and wood products, 2) creating a Swiss Timber Regulation in the course of the revision of the environmental protection law, 3) proactively providing information while avoiding a change of laws, and 4) a government guarantee for Swiss wood.
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Abusufyanova, Z. T. "THE ROLE OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN THE SYSTEM OF MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE CURRENCY LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Law Нerald of Dagestan State Universit 34, no. 2 (2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2020-34-2-77-84.
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Problems of illegal export of funds abroad are relevant for Russia. Offenses related to the non-return of exported foreign currency earnings to the country, transfers of foreign currency abroad under fictitious contracts for the supply of goods, smuggling of cash currency and other forms of illegal export of funds pose a real threat to the country's economic security. The article considers the main areas of currency control carried out by customs authorities, analyzes the activities of customs authorities in the implementation of currency control for the period from 2014 to 2018. When writing the work, the following research methods were used: expert assessments, analysis, synthesis, system analysis, statistical analysis, formal legal, comparative legal methods. Based on the analysis of statistical data of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation, the opinions of scientists and experts in the field of customs, conclusions are drawn about the most common violations of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation identified by customs authorities.
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Rahmawati, Iis. "Law Enforcement of Criminal Acts of Smuggling Illegal Export-Import Goods in Indonesian Waters." AHKAM 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v1i1.751.
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The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze law enforcement in the field of customs, against the smuggling of illegal export-import goods in the territory of Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative method using a legal approach and a conceptual approach. Data sources are primary data and secondary data. Based on the research findings, cases of smuggling illegal export-import goods are increasing every year, with various types of illegal goods. This is because it is influenced by several factors, one of which is the geographical factor of Indonesia which has many islands that are opportunities for smuggling illegal goods, in addition to geographical factors are also influenced by natural resources, industrial conditions, overproduction, and transportation. Smuggling of export-import goods is a criminal offense that has been regulated in various Indonesian laws and regulations. As for law enforcement efforts carried out, namely by taking preventive measures by monitoring and checking people or goods suspected of committing customs crimes, in addition to preventive efforts, repressive efforts are also carried out, namely law enforcement in the form of investigations, arrests, prosecutions, to prosecutions by imposing criminal penalties by the court.
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Kapuśniak, A., A. Caban, C. Rémuzat, and M. Toumi. "PHP152 - MECHANISMS OF ILLEGAL EXPORT CAUSING DRUGS SHORTAGES IN POLAND." Value in Health 21 (October 2018): S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.09.1046.
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Makhotina, Irina Alekseevna, Aleksandr Matveevich Agapkin, Oksana Anatol'evna Goncharenko, and Elena Yur'evna Raikova. "Grain market and its role in ensuring Russia's national Security." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 6 (June 2022): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2022.6.39266.
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The subject of the study is the grain market of Russia and the EAEU as one of the priorities in the field of national security. The problem of illegal export of grain crops from Russia to Kazakhstan is considered. The article analyzes the issue of re-export of grain to third countries, illegal grain exports and the impact of quotas and tariff restrictions on the development of grain supplies abroad. The issue of the possibility of administering grain export bans with a high length of the Russian border, as well as the impact of such bans on the EAEU member states, is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the issue of changing the structure of grain exports and the search for new export directions. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the issue of ensuring the country's food security in retrospect of interaction with the EAEU member states. The current statistical data on the availability of farmland and arable land per capita in the world and in the EAEU countries are presented, data on the structure of acreage and grain production in Russia and the EAEU over the past three years are summarized. Forecasts for the volume of grain production and exports in 2022 are presented. The article analyzes the trend of increasing quotas and tariff restrictions for exporters of agro-industrial products and the impact of these restrictions on the country's food security. The issue of searching for new importing countries of agricultural products from Russia in the context of increasing sanctions is being considered. The problems of the grain market, which have worsened due to the current geopolitical situation, and ways to solve these problems at the state level are identified. The question was raised about the need to change the ratio of the shares of processed products and raw materials in the export structure, in the direction of increasing the volume of grain products with added value, whose share in the current structure of grain exports is less than 30%. Recommendations for improving the transparency and stability of the grain market are proposed.
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Maruyama, Warren H. "Climate Change and the WTO: Cap and Trade versus Carbon Tax?" Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 4 (August 1, 2011): 679–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011024.
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In the rush to enact cap and trade, major World Trade Organization (WTO) concerns have been overlooked. These problems are not necessarily fatal, but fixing them would have political costs. Free emissions allowance rebates to trade-intensive industries represent a WTO-illegal export subsidy, which may make a US cap-and-trade system unworkable for export-dependent economies like Japan, Germany, and China. The best interim solution would be a carbon or energy tax that is imposed on imports and rebated on exports to ensure a level playing field. Such a system could be implemented under the WTO's existing border tax adjustment rules even in the absence of a multilateral climate agreement.
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He, Yi, Yang Zheng, Hua Long Hu, Qi Qiu, Qing Ming Luo, and Qiong Hou. "Import & Export Management for Waste Raw Materials between China and Japan." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.15.
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The Solid Waste Import & Export Management System between China and Japan is introduced in this paper, including the laws and regulations, management requirements or system, competent departments and their responsibilities. The major risk points that existed in import & export of waste raw materials between China and Japan are also analyzed, and countermeasures and suggestions to prevent and fight against illegal waste import and export activities are put forward.
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Żak, Konrad. "Inversion in Distribution Channels on the Polish Pharmaceutical Market – Mechanisms of Counteracting Illegal Export of Medicinal Products." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2020-0007.
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SummarySubject and purpose of work: The subject matter of the study is irregularities in the distribution channels of medicinal products, medical devices and foodstuffs for particular nutritional uses. The inversion of distribution on the Polish pharmaceutical market has taken the form of illegal export of medicinal products, becoming one of the main aspects of cross-border crime. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes, present the essence and point to the effects of uncontrolled exports of pharmaceuticals for the Polish medicinal products supply system.Materials and methods: The fulfilment of the article’s objective requires the application of the following research methods: literature analysis and criticism, legal document analysis and document examination. The application of these research methods makes it possible to present the results of the analyses and formulate conclusions on the impact of illegal export of medicinal products on the condition of the healthcare system in Poland.Results: When presenting the results of the analyses, it should be noted that so far pharmaceutical market supervision has proven insufficient and defective at every possible level. A tangible manifestation of the inefficiency of the supervision system are State budget losses of PLN 4 billion per year and the absence and deficiencies of the so-called deficit medicines in retail pharmacies, which the Ministry of Health estimates at 386 items.Conclusions: The sine qua non condition for the appropriate operation of the public healthcare system is to ensure effective supervision over the distribution process of medicinal products and adequate control over the entire pharmaceutical market. This cannot be achieved without an effective supervision system. Changing the previous supervision model to the integrated supervision system based on the connection of pharmaceutical supervision subsystems with the tax and labour inspection subsystems will make it possible to effectively counteract illegal exports of medicinal products.
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Kapuśniak, A., A. Caban, C. Rémuzat, and M. Toumi. "PHP63 - MEASURES TO FIGHT ILLEGAL EXPORT CAUSING DRUGS SHORTAGES IN POLAND." Value in Health 21 (October 2018): S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.09.957.
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Liston, Jeff J. "Out of China: Dinosaur eggs and the Law on 'Kong Long Dan'." Geological Curator 9, no. 10 (December 2013): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc54.
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Chinese legislation since 1982 relating to the export of vertebrate fossils from China is reviewed, with particular reference to dinosaur eggs, where a surprising legal loophole was identified. Problems of economic incentives and corruption are briefly considered in connection with the illegal export market, along with a pragmatic assessment of the threat from Chinese sources of future repatriation of this material where it lies abroad.
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Gudisa, Lelisa. "Effects of Supply Determinants on Supply Performance of Slaughter Animal for Meat Export Abattoirs in Ethiopia." Business and Management Studies 7, no. 4 (October 16, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v7i4.5378.
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This study was attempted to look at effects of supply determinants on supply performance of slaughter animal for meat export abattoirs in Ethiopia. Explanatory type of research design was used to explore the relation between dependent and independent variables. The research was supported by primary and secondary data. The primary data obtained through structured questionnaire prepared for export abattoirs and slaughter animal suppliers, whereas the secondary data obtained from published and unpublished documents. Sixty (60) respondents from ten (10) meat export abattoirs which are at managerial positions and sixty (60) managers of slaughters animal suppliers and the total number of respondents were one hundred twenty (120). The study used brokers’ involvement in supply, transportation facility, price of slaughter animal, illegal live animal export, and quality of slaughter animal, sustainability of slaughter animal supply and traditional livestock production system as independent and supply performance as dependent variable. Correlation analysis was accustomed to analyze relation between independent and dependent variables whereas multiple regressions were applied to analyze and identifies impact level of every independent on dependent variable. The study found that sustainability of slaughter animal supply, traditional livestock production system; transportation facility and quality of slaughter animal have strong effect on supply performance in positive direction respectively. Brokers involvement in supply, price of slaughter animal and illegal live animal export also have strong effect on supply performance in the negative direction.
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Watanabe, Susumu. "The Economic Crisis and Migrant Workers in Japan." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 7, no. 2-3 (June 1998): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689800700206.
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The employment situation in Japan continues to deteriorate, and it will take some time before recovery starts. The current economic crisis has had little negative impact on the inflow of migrant workers, both legal and illegal. The declines recorded in recent years are due more to stricter control of illegal migration in Japan and in a few sending countries. The crisis, however, has reduced the earnings of some groups of migrant workers. Illegal workers are more vulnerable because they are not protected from abuse as much as legitimate workers, nor do they usually come out to seek official services offered. More serious international efforts are required to curb the illegal flow of workers. An aggressive labor export policy may work against workers' welfare especially at the time of crisis in host economies.
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Ananda, Hauwra, Margaretha Putri, and Riska Amelia Putri. "Analysis of Narcotics Smuggling from Malaysia Through the Indonesian Sea Route Based on the Perspective of International Law." QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v2i2.847.
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Narcotics Smuggling is one of the illegal narcotics distribution activities which may involve the import, export, distribution or illegal production of narcotics and illegal drugs. Narcotics smuggling involves the movement of narcotics across national borders or through illegal channels with the aim of avoiding security and legal controls in force in a country. Narcotics smuggling that still occurs a lot in Indonesia is narcotics smuggling from Malaysia through the Indonesian sea route. In the perspective of International Law, there are national laws and regulations governing narcotics smuggling, which can involve international cooperation in law enforcement and the extradition of perpetrators. International organizations such as the Narcotics and Organized Crime Agency (UNODC) also play a role in providing technical assistance and supporting countries' efforts to prevent and enforce laws against narcotics smuggling.
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Daut, Elizabeth F., Donald J. Brightsmith, A. Patricia Mendoza, Liisa Puhakka, and Markus J. Peterson. "Illegal domestic bird trade and the role of export quotas in Peru." Journal for Nature Conservation 27 (September 2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2015.06.005.
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Roe, Benjamin, Ivan Eastin, and Indroneil Ganguly. "The impact of timber legality regulations on business practices in Vietnam." Forestry Chronicle 90, no. 05 (October 2014): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2014-130.
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Reports that nearly half of Vietnam's roundwood imports come from illegal sources has drawn criticism from major consumer countries who have recently implemented timber legality regulations. These regulations, which include the U.S. Lacey Act and EU Timber Regulation, restrict the import of illegally harvested wood and are expected to have a direct impact on major wood-processing countries such as Vietnam and China. Surveys were conducted at trade shows in Ho Chi Minh City to assess how these regulations influence firms’ use of chain-of-custody certification, and impact their material sourcing and export market decisions. Vietnamese firms which sell to the United States and the European Union had higher awareness of timber legality regulations and were more likely to take steps to eliminate illegal products from their supply chain by sourcing raw materials from the U.S. and Canada or by increasing their use of certified wood. However, smaller firms were generally unaware of timber legality regulations and were much less likely to use certified products. Our findings suggest that the Vietnamese market has become segmented, with smaller firms using materials which are at a higher risk of containing illegal wood, and exporting to less regulated markets, such as China.
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Mitusova, E. Yu. "Improving Tax Administration of VAT on Timber Export." Finance: Theory and Practice 25, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2021-25-5-172-185.
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The export of timber can be used by unscrupulous taxpayers in illegal schemes to reimburse VAT from the budget to obtain an unjustified tax benefit by overstating the amount of tax deductions, which confirms the relevance of the research. The subject of the paper is the economic relations between the exporting country and the importer of goods, works or services and their impact on VAT taxation. The aim of the study is to identify the vulnerabilities of the current tax legislation in the field of value-added tax reimbursement and analyze the improvement and optimization of the mechanism for administering value-added tax to ensure national economic security and preserve federal budget revenues as a result of reducing the amount of budget funds reimbursed to taxpayers. The author applies such methods as abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result, the study reveals the problems of illegal VAT refunds in the export of timber associated with the use of new methods by taxpayers to minimize tax liabilities and the complication of the form of contractual relations. The author makes a conclusion about a possible solution to the problems of tax administration when taxpayers carry out export operations with exported products, using the experience of the functioning of the Charter of the agro-industrial complex. The novelty of the study lies in the proposal to adopt a ban on multi-stage sales and purchases by the tax authority as the basis for regulating the export of products outside the territory of the EAEU. This will exclude artificial price increases. The results obtained can be used in the further development of the tax administration system, in the analytical work of state bodies authorized to control and supervise taxes and fees.
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Stych, Marek, and Beata Pawlica. "Reverse drug distribution in Poland." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2021-0028.
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Abstract The trade and distribution of drugs or medicines (the two terms are used interchangeably in the paper) has been evolving throughout the history of European pharmacy. In order to ensure that EU citizens are safe, certain legislative measures had to be taken to prevent the illegal trade in drugs. The problem that affects the Polish pharmaceutical market is the illegal export of medicines. The article attempts to analyse the so-called reverse drug distribution, doing so by employing the dogmatic legal method. The paper ends with de lege ferenda suggestions.
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Williams, Vivienne L., Peter G. Coals, Marli de Bruyn, Vincent N. Naude, Desiré L. Dalton, and Antoinette Kotzé. "Monitoring compliance of CITES lion bone exports from South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): e0249306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249306.
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From 2008 to 2018, South Africa permitted the export of captive-bred African lion (Panthera leo) skeletons to Southeast Asia under CITES Appendix II. Legal exports rose from approximately 50 individuals in 2008 to a maximum of 1,771 skeletons in 2016, and has led to ongoing concerns over possible laundering of non-lion, multiple-source and wild-sourced bones. South Africa is required under its obligations to CITES to employ mechanisms for monitoring and reporting trade, and to limit the potential for illegal trade and laundering of lion and other large felid bones. Monitoring tools for legal trade are critical to compliance with CITES. Here we evaluate the CITES-compliance procedure implemented by South Africa for export of lion bones and identify six essential general points for consideration in the implementation of animal export quota compliance protocols. We provide specific insight into the South African lion bone export monitoring system through: i) outlining the protocols followed; ii) assessing the utility of cranial morphology to identify species; iii) evaluating skeleton consignment weight as a monitoring tool; and iv) presenting molecular (DNA) species assignment and pairwise-comparative sample matching of individuals. We describe irregularities and illicit behaviour detected in the 2017 and 2018 lion bone quotas. Notably, we report that the compliance procedure successfully identified and prevented the attempted laundering of a tiger (P.tigris) skeleton in 2018. We emphasise the utility of mixed-method protocols for the monitoring of compliance in CITES Appendix II export quota systems.
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Mamo, Gezahagn Dugassa. "Assessment on Impact of Live Animal Export on Meat Export Performance in Ethiopia; Policy Implications." Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v5i3.4467.
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Ethiopia has one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. Due to lack of livestock market structure, performances, prices are poor and inadequate for designing policies and marketing system, the sector has remained stagnant. Despite fluctuation over years, the exports of meat (16,877 tonnes) and live animals (472,041 head) have significantly increased in 2010 -2012 Ethiopian Fiscal Year (EFY), recording 69 % increment from the previous years (kefyalew,2011). In 2018/19 EFY live animal contributes 33% of the earning, while 67 % was obtained from meat export (ERCA, 201819). However, lack of export routes and ports, illegal live animal trade, shortage of live animal and lack of appropriate breeding programs are some of the main challenges faced to the sector (kefaylew,2011). The presence of large livestock population with diverse and adaptable genotypes, and diverse agro-ecologies for production of different types of livestock; expansion of agro-industries and the increase of by product feedstuffs allowing for enhanced productivity; proximity of the middle east countries, high demand for meat and live animals including the domestic market are some of the opportunities that the sectors have. Therefore, the country would have been benefited more from the sector if the aforementioned challenges have been overcome. (Ameha,2011)
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Eshetu, Eyob, and Zewudu Abraham. "Review on live animal and meat export marketing system in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2016.5206.
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Livestock production systems in Ethiopia are generally subsistence oriented and productivity is very low. Hence this paper is aimed to assemble the subsisting information on live animal and meat market source and structure, to compile existing information on the opportunities and challenges of live animal and meat marketing, and to provide a highlight on the livestock production system of Ethiopia. Accordingly, low productivity of the animals and the absence of market-oriented production systems are described as the main constraints of livestock production in the country. In Ethiopian, for the demand of live animal and meat, there are different opportunities like domestic consumption, official exports and high demand of animals by the export abattoirs. However, various internal and external factors are described under the challenges of live animal and meat marketing system in Ethiopia and it includes: absence of effective grading system, absence of market information system, absence of promotional activities, supply problems, prevalence of diseases, traditional production system, and illegal export trade, inadequacy of infrastructure, competition, repeated bans and inadequate port facilities. From this review it has been recommended that major disease should be controlled, legal channels, market infrastructure and service facilities along borders and implementation of strategies with neighboring countries for legalizing trade should be developed. Livestock transportation facilities, improved slaughter house, livestock resting sites, and storage and quarantine facilities at required sites should be present. In addition, the government should be actively involved for the control of illegal trade of live animals across the borders.
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Guan, Zhijie, and Peichen Gong. "The impacts of international efforts to reduce illegal logging on China’s forest products trade flow." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2014-0134.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of international efforts aimed at reducing illegal logging on bilateral trade of forest products between China and its partner countries. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is conducted using an extended gravity model, where the regulations enforced in different countries, as well as bilateral agreements between China and its trade partners on combating illegal logging are included as explanatory variables. The impacts of the efforts against illegal logging on bilateral trade of forest products are examined based on the estimated coefficients of these policy variables. Findings – The results show that the regulations have significant and positive effects on the bilateral trade of total forest products between China and its partner countries. The bilateral agreement on combating illegal logging between showed a negative effect on the bilateral trade of forest products. A further study of three types of forest products shows that the regulations have a negative effect for roundwood, but a positive effect for furniture and wood-based panels. The bilateral agreement, on the other hand, affects negatively the trade of all the three forest products. Practical implications – Since the export of roundwood from China is negligible, the results from this study imply that international efforts to reduce illegal logging have caused reduction of the import of roundwood into China. China’s wood processing industry is to a high degree dependent on imported roundwood. To secure timber supply is therefore an important strategy for sustainable development of the wood processing industry in China. Originality/value – To the knowledge, this is the first comprehensive assessment of the impacts of international efforts to reduce illegal logging on forest products trade flow between China and its partner countries. The results provide important scientific bases for decisions on reducing international trade of illegally sourced wood products and on promoting sustainable development of the wood processing industry in China.
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Liston, J. J., and Hai-Lu You. "Chinese fossil protection law and the illegal export of vertebrate fossils from china." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35, no. 2 (February 19, 2015): e904791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.904791.
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Eleanora, Fransiska Novita. "Tindak Pidana Illegal Logging Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup." ADIL: Jurnal Hukum 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.33476/ajl.v3i2.55.
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AbstractIllegal logging refers to a series of such forestry-related acts as timber logging, transporting, and processing including both local and export-import trades, which are illegal or not in accordance with the existing laws, or the one which is environmentally harmful. Illegal logging potentially causes pollution and other environmental damage, resulting in the extinction of its inhibiting ecosystem. This research, using literary study method, is to examine the implementation of the Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management in illegal logging practices. The findings suggest that illegal logging, in fact, causes pollution and other environmental damage and thus both directly and indirectly harms the physical, chemical, and biological properties beyond the tolerated standard.Keywords: Illegal logging, environment, damageAbstrakIllegal logging kegiatan di bidang kehutanan atau yang merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang mencakup penebangan, pengangkutan, pengolahan hingga kegiatan jual beli (termasuk ekspor-impor) kayu yang tidak sah atau bertentangan dengan aturan hukum yang berlaku, atau perbuatan yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan hutan. Illegal logging dapat menyebabkan pencemaran dan perusakan pada lingkungan hidup, sehingga ekosistem didalamnya dapat punah. Metode Penelitian adalah Studi Pustaka, Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup terhadap Illegal logging (penebangan liar). Hasilnya bahwa Illegal logging merupakan pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan perubahan langsung dan / atau tidak langsung terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan / atau hayati lingkungan hidup yang melampaui kriteria baku kerusakan lingkungan hidup.Kata Kunci : Penebangan liar, Lingkungan, Perusakan
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Krylovetskyi, Andriy. "Types and forms of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transport to the territory (from the territory) of Ukraine." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-1-263-269.
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The article emphasizes that combating illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation is one of the priority activities of the state. The statistical reporting of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on counteracting illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation is analyzed. It is noted that despite the considerable legal and regulatory framework in the field of combating smuggling and other types of illegal movement and / or transportation across the customs border of Ukraine, the number of cases of offenses in this area is increasing. The absence of sound scientific development of the types and forms of smuggling (export) to the territory (from the territory) of illegal migrants, inventory, narcotic drugs and their precursors, etc. is noted. The special relevance of such studies is emphasized in the context of the visa-free regime and the regimes established during the resolution of the internal armed conflict. The current national legislation in the field of combating illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation to the territory (from the territory) of illegal migrants, inventory, narcotics and their precur-sors is analyzed. Some types of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation have been identified and investigated. Emphasis is placed on the classification of legal liability for illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation. External detection of smuggling by means of which smuggling is carried out outside customs control or by means of concealment from customs control is designated as a form of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation to the territory (from the territory) of illegal migrants, inventory and their narcotics precursors. The relationship between the form and method of illegal (smuggling) movement and / or transportation has been proved. The conclusion was made about the need to amend the legislation in this area.
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Rojas García, Daniela María. "How WTO Sanctions Are Hurting Aircraft Exports." Air and Space Law 45, Issue 1 (March 1, 2020): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020003.
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This article broadly analyses the circumstance of non-compliance with the rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (the ‘DSB’) of the World Trade Organization (the ‘WTO’) and the remedies provided by WTO law. The issue of non-compliance opens the gateway to the imposition of remedies, largely affecting free trade and hindering the objectives of the system. This problem is strongly evidenced in bigger markets like the aircraft manufacture and export sectors. This article aims at establishing the justification for finding alternative answers to the imposition of trade barriers, advocating for the exclusion of the defaulted Member of the WTO (the ‘Member(s)’), until their compliance with the DSB’s rulings. Aircraft manufacture, aircraft export, illegal export subsidy, WTO, free trade, countervailing duties, dispute settlement system, non-compliance.
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Nguyen, Tuong Huy, and Thi Thu Thao Nguyen. "International Labor Migration: Employment, Costs and Income of Export Labors in Yen Khe commune, Thanh Ba district, Phu Tho province, Vietnam." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 5731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v6i11.08.
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In the context of globalization and economic integration, labor mobility in general, international labor migration and export in particular are increasingly playing an important role in reshaping the future of the world’s economic geography. This study is conducted to provide insights into employment, costs and incomes of export labors in Yen Khe, Thanh Ba district, Phu Tho province. In-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys were applied to collect primary data on employment, costs and incomes of export labors, related issues and consequences. These were also supplemented by the secondary data collected from different sources during the study process. The study found that labor export not only helps to create jobs, reduce unemployment and underemployment, but also to diversify jobs for workers, contributing to the restructure of the local economy. Remittances from export labors contribute directly to the increase of individual workers and their families’ incomes, transforming the income structure in the way that is less dependent on local livelihood capitals and local livelihood strategies. However, labor export has also posed issues and consequences for export labors and their families. Notably, the status of illegal labor abroad, investment capital for labor export and related debt, services for labor export, voluntary unemployment, family conflicts, income inequality caused by remittances.
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Viatkin, Andrei Anatol'evich. "About the problem of obtaining information necessary to prove the guilt of persons involved in the illegal acquisition, storage and smuggling of wood." Право и политика, no. 11 (November 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2023.11.68861.
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The subject of the study is the existing practice of investigating crimes related to the illegal acquisition, storage and smuggling of wood, the results of theoretical and applied scientific research conducted in this field. As the main factors determining the existence of the problem considered in the course of the study, the author identifies: the complex nature of criminal actions that precede the illegal export of forest products; the organized nature of criminal activity; a significant amount of information that is subject to analysis as part of the investigation; the concealment by criminals of their awareness of the illegal origin of wood and the illegality of its export. Special attention is paid to the role of witnesses in criminal cases as well as work with them. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the algorithm proposed by the results of the study for obtaining meaningful information, which consists of two stages of investigative work and takes into account the peculiarities of the method of wood smuggling, and is also focused on the above factors. In addition, it allows you to streamline the process of searching, recording and analyzing information that is necessary to solve the problem of proving the guilty of specific persons. Its application is considered by the author on the example of working with certain categories of witnesses, however, it is universal and in practice can be used by the preliminary investigation body when working with various sources of information.
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Md Ariffin, M. F., N. S. Mohd Riza, M. I. Rosele, and M. F. Abdul Hamid. "Illegal meat cartel in Malaysia: what went wrong?" Food Research 7, no. 3 (June 4, 2023): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(3).747.
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Halal is an essential part of the Muslim faith. The Halal certificate is one of the Malaysian government's initiatives designed to help Muslim consumers. The success rate of the government initiative, however, relies on the collaboration of every walk of life. This initiative must be compatible with efforts to eradicate all who are cashing in on the Halal industry’s growth. This study, therefore, discussed the import and export sectors as a solution to the meat supply limitation in Malaysia, fulfilling the need of consumers and improving the domestic economy by reflecting the illegal meat cartel issue as the main theme of discussion. The issue of the illegally imported meats labelled with the halal logo clearly points out the weaknesses that need to be rectified immediately. To incorporate detailed ideas, library research and document analysis are employed by referring to primary sources as well as secondary sources such as article journals, official portals, conference papers and so on. Data extracted including from interviews were analysed thematically based on illegal meat cartels and the manipulation point that needs to be addressed. Research findings succeeded in revealing the manipulation point that needs to be fixed and monitored more efficiently in the illegal import meat cartel case by the agencies involved. Recommendations based on the research findings suggest that the Malaysia government needs to strengthen halal certification processes and methods of monitoring, while the industries must fulfil all requirements that had been set by the government and provide lawful food for consumers. The authorities also need to tighten the specific standard operating procedure that ensures transparency for all parties
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Hasni, Hasni. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN HARGA TIMAH BKDI DAN LME SERTA KEBIJAKAN EKSPOR TERHADAP KINERJA EKSPOR TIMAH INDONESIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v9i2.8.
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Timah merupakan bahan tambang yang tidak terbarukan. Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua sebagai produsen bijih timah terbesar dunia. Sejak 30 Agustus 2013, ekspor timah Indonesia harus melalui mekanisme transaksi di Bursa Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia (BKDI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara harga timah BKDI dan harga timah di London Metal Exchange (LME) serta kebijakan ekspor terhadap kinerja ekspor timah Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari BKDI, LME, Asian Metal dan BPS. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode Granger causality menunjukkan bahwa setelah satu tahun penerapan ekspor timah melalui BKDI, harga timah BKDI dipengaruhi oleh harga timah LME pada rentang waktu satu hari kerja. Dari sisi penerimaan ekspor, kebijakan ekspor melalui BKDI dapat meningkatkan nilai ekspor timah bulanan ke Singapura. Pemerintah harus melanjutkan kebijakan ekspor timah yakni ekspor melalui Bursa Komoditi dan Derivatif Indonesia untuk mencegah ekspor timah ilegal dan meningkatkan daya saing serta nilai tambah produk timah ekspor Indonesia. Tin is a non-renewable mineral. Indonesia is the second largest producer of tin ore in the world. Since August 30 2013, Indonesian tin export has been done through The Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (ICDX) transaction mechanism. This study aims to analyze the relationship between ICDX’s tin price and the London Metal Exchange (LME) price as well as the effect of tin export mechanism through ICDX on the Indonesia’s tin export performance. The secondary data were taken from BKDI, LME, Asian Metal and BPS. The results showed that using Granger causality analysis, after one year the policy is being implemented, there is a relationship between ICDX’s tin price and LME price on one (working days) time lag. Tin export policy through ICDX mechanism can increase the value of monthly tin exports to Singapore, therefore it increases the export earning. The government needs to continue the tin export policy through the ICDX to prevent illegal tin export as well as to strenghten the competitiveness and value added of Indonesian tin export.
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Panov, I. O. "Role of Customs Legislation and Practice of Its Implementation in the Protection of Fauna of Ukraine." Law and Safety 81, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.2.03.
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The article is focused on studying the role of legislation and state policy in the customs sphere in ensuring the preservation of wildlife in Ukraine in the context of the possibility of exporting samples of wild animals outside Ukraine. The main problems of prevention of illegal seizure of wild fauna samples for their further movement outside Ukraine have been identified.
The main factors influencing the impossibility of preventing the export of wild animals outside Ukraine are the state policy on simplification of customs clearance of goods and the introduction of the “single window” principle. Those mechanisms themselves do not create the preconditions for the movement of illegally seized wild animals across the border. However, the lack of mechanisms for the exchange of information between customs and veterinary authorities and environmental authorities leads to a lack of mechanisms for environmental authorities to respond to the facts of illegal removal of wild animals from the environment. In turn, customs and veterinary authorities are deprived of the powers to control the legality of the origin of wild animals to be moved across the border of Ukraine.
The author has emphasized the need to develop automated algorithms for the exchange of information on the movement of wild animals across the border between the relevant government agencies in order to further control the legality of the origin of animals and bring to justice those who illegally released wild animals.
The results of the study can be used in the practice of customs legislation in order to establish mechanisms to prevent illegal movement of wild animals across the state border and bring to justice those guilty of removing animals from the environment in violation of the current legislation of Ukraine.
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Weise, Rachel A., Gretchen Hund, and Geoffrey Carr. "Export controls and counterproliferation finance: two sides of the same underlying illegal WMD activity." Nonproliferation Review 25, no. 1-2 (January 2, 2018): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2018.1473107.
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Benţa, Anca Elena. "GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE INTEGRATED INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM OF TRACKING TIMBER– SUMAL IN THE ACTUAL CONTEXT." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v10i2.2804.
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In order to fight the illegal deforestation, as well as to reduce the criminal facts in the forestry field and the inappropriate forestry, it was constituted and implemented the integrated informational system of tracking timber in real time, called SUMAL. This system can provide information regarding the complete tracking of timber, from the moment of harvesting it to the final processing or export.
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Anbuchelvi, M. "Import and Export of Small Cardamom in India." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i1.561.
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Indian Small Cardamom is famous in the world over decades for its’ quality, colour and standards. However, India imports Cardamom from other countries for various reasons such as high price in the domestic market, bulk seasonal and festival demand for Cardamom from North India. Countries like Guatemala with a wide area of plantations with naturally conducive weather and climate paves the way for mass production of Cardamom at a lower cost. This has resulted in the mixing of those lesser quality cardamoms with higher quality Cardamom produce in India. Moreover, there are many illegal routes with which Guatemala Cardamom is smuggled into India. Export of Cardamom has several formalities and procedures to be followed. The State and Central Government have regulated the import and export of cardamom to various countries in the world. There are several distributing channels of Cardamom with auction centres, wholesaler, retailer and other intermediaries through which the Cardamom reaches the customers in India and abroad. The international market for Indian Cardamom is competitive as more countries try to dump their product. But there is ample scope for Indian Cardamom to rule in the Global Market.
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Baihaqi Yahya Nursya’ban, Fajar Adhany, Hafizd Razaan Zaidan, and Renny Kurniawati. "Daya Saing Ekspor Ikan Tuna Indonesia di Pasar Global." Jurnal Publikasi Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 4, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jupea.v4i1.2705.
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Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis is a key tool in assessing a country's competitiveness compared to others. This study uses RCA to measure Indonesia's comparative advantage in the global tuna market. The calculated RCA values show Indonesia's superiority in tuna production and exports, especially with a focus on fresh or chilled yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) with HS Code 030232. The RCA values for Indonesia, Panama, the Philippines and the Netherlands are 200, 150, 50, 350, and 400, respectively. These results confirm that Indonesia has a comparative advantage in the international tuna market, which is supported by abundant natural resources, a large fishing workforce, and a history of successful tuna exports. Despite this, challenges remain, including overfishing, the impacts of climate change, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. The decline in tuna production in Indonesia demands better fisheries management and international cooperation to address unsustainable practices. The Indonesian government's commitment to conservation is visible in the Tuna, Skipjack and Tuna Fisheries Management Plan. Overall, Indonesia's vibrant tuna export industry, supported by extensive marine resources, a large international market and robust infrastructure, shows significant potential. The government's commitment, combined with ongoing efforts to increase competitiveness through increased productivity, product quality, diversification and global promotion, positions Indonesia to strengthen its role as a major player in the global tuna export market.
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Ngouadi, Fred, and Olga Gorbunova. "The Impact of Illegal Logging on the State of the Rainforests of the Congo River Basin." Baikal Research Journal 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 1047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6262.2023.14(3).1047-1056.
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In the modern world, one of the key problems on a planetary scale is the disappearance of tropical forests. In addition, the state of these forest ecosystems is of serious concern. The fight against the disappearance of tropical forests, especially due to illegal logging, is an integral part of the decisions taken to prevent negative climate impacts, and the most important task for the implementation of programs for the socio-economic development and protection of forests in Central Africa. The article describes the state of forests in the countries of the Congo River basin. The reasons for the degradation of forests and deforestation of the territory of this region are given, as well as the consequences of anthropogenic activities that have a huge direct and indirect impact on forest ecosystems. The lack of balance between economic, environmental and social components in the formation of national and subregional forest policy is reflected in legislation in this area. As a consequence, grounds for delinquency and illegal activities are created, and illegal logging continues in all countries of the Congo Basin. The authors analyzed the situation with illegal logging. It is shown that illegal logging not only has a devastating impact on forest ecosystems, but also deprives the state of income from the export of valuable timber and, thereby, destabilizes the situation in this subregion. The development of illegal activities is explained by the peculiarities of the forest management system, which has created a situation with relative impunity for offenders due to corruption and the imperfection of the regulatory framework. Solving the problem requires a deep reform of forest legislation and the development of a more effective system of economic measures to counter illegal logging of tropical forests in the countries of the Congo Basin.
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Wicaksena, Bagus. "Analisis Nilai dan Volume Transaksi Timah Pada Bursa Timah Indonesia Sebelum dan Setelah Kebijakan Multi Bursa." Cendekia Niaga 5, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v5i2.605.
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The implementation of mandatory regulations of tin export through commodity multi-exchange has been considered effective in suppressing illegal tin trading practices, building transparency in transaction and export record, and creating added value for tin export. However, the essence of a multi-exchange policy should also promote the increasing in value and volume of tin transactions. This analysis aims to see the difference in the value and volume of tin transactions before and after the multi-exchange policy. By using the Paired Sample t-test, there are shown significant differences in value and volume of tin transactions whereby the value and volume transacted after the multi-exchange policy is relatively lower. The decrease in transaction value will affect the state tin royalty revenue. Interestingly, the decline in transaction value is driven by the high disparity between the value and volume of transactions between the two exchanges. Therefore, trade policies that support the consolidation of the tin market are urgently needed to optimize state royalty revenues.
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Степанова, Е. Е. "ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE IN RELATION TO ILLEGAL LOGGING OF FOREST PLANTATIONS IN THE IRKUTSK REGION." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 3(23) (September 30, 2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2022.55.80.012.
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Одним из видов экологического преступления является незаконная вырубка лесных насаждений. Данный вид преступлений, как правило, связан с незаконным экспортом древесины, что наносит существенный экономический ущерб району, в котором осуществляется вырубка леса. Особенно актуальна данная проблема для лесных регионов, располагающихся рядом с границей, в частности, для Иркутской области, откуда лес незаконно вывозится в Китай. В надзоре за исполнением законов в лесозаготовительной сфере в Иркутской области ведущая роль принадлежит Иркутской транспортной прокуратуре, которая осуществляет проверки в местах приема и передачи древесины. Надзор за исполнением законодательства в лесозаготовительной сфере является одним из видов прокурорского надзора. Наиболее часто выявляются правонарушения в сфере оборота лесоматериалов. Illegal deforestation is one of the types of environmental crime. However, this type of crime is usually associated with the illegal export of wood, which causes significant economic damage to the area in which deforestation is carried out. This problem is especially relevant for forest regions located near the border, in particular, for the Irkutskregion, from where timber is illegally exported to China. The Irkutsk Transport Prosecutor’s Office plays an important role in overseeing the enforcement of laws in the logging sector in the Irkutskregion, which carries out inspections at the places of reception and transfer of wood. Supervision of the implementation of legislation in the logging sector is one of the types of prosecutorial supervision. Violations are the most often detected in the sphere of timber turnover.
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Khamaganova, Lyudmila, and Anastasia Mikhaleva. "Mechanism of Capital Flight Control in Developed and Developing Countries (Case Study of France and Mexico)." Известия Байкальского государственного университета 28, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2018.28(4).616-626.
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Nowadays, as a result of globalization, export of capital in huge quantities from developed and developing countries, including the one performed in contravention of currency and customs law and illicit financial flows, is going on. Legal and illegal forms of capital export (capital flight) in the midst of financial uncertainty are in the focus of research interest because such movements of capital have a negative impact on the economic capacity of the country and result in severe macroeconomic, political and social consequences. This issue appears relevant as a mechanism of capital flight control in developed and developing countries needs to be studied for the purpose of which cases of France and Mexico have been considered. It is noted that in developed counties illicit financial flows fall under the jurisdiction of special federal agencies such as Tracfin, a service of the French Ministry of Finance. The paper presents an analysis of Tracfin's control of illicit financial flows in France. The amount of capital flight from France is estimated by such balance of payment item as the net errors and omissions. Analysis of capital flight from developing countries is performed by Global Financial Integrity (GFI). Thus, a correlation between the amount of illegal financial outflows from Mexico and macroeconomic crises was identified on the basis of data on Mexico.
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Shirapov, Aldar, and Naydan-Zhargal Dorzhiev. "“Are There Any Goods Hidden under Your Clothes?”: Excerpts on the History of Combatting Smuggling at the Kyakhta Customs." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 24, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2023.24(2).227-246.
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The article gives a brief description of the trade in the town of Kyakhta, examines the conditions, causes of the emergence and growth of smuggling, reveals methods and specifics of fighting illegal import/export of goods through the Kyakhta customs in the pre-revolutionary period. The task of the Kyakhta Customs, established simultaneously with the trading post in 1727, was not only the collection of duties to replenishing the treasury, but also the fight against smuggling. As the turnover of the Kyakhta trade increased and various restrictions were imposed by both the Russian Empire and Qing China, the assortment and volume of smuggled goods and methods of their delivery changed. At the same time, customs service methods aimed at fighting smuggling were improved. Legislative and normative legal acts, record keeping and reporting documents of Fund 102 "Kyakhta Customs" of the State Archives of the Republic of Buryatia, materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals allowed identifying a diverse arsenal of ever more complicated methods and ways to counteract illegal import/export of goods - from erection of special structures and ambushes to introduction of round-the-clock border patrols and development of a system of fines and punishment for smugglers. However, despite the legislative restrictions and prohibitions established by the state and the efforts made by the Kyakhta customs officers, the problem of combating smuggling remained intractable.
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Leonov, Jurii, Aleksandr Kuz'menko, Rodion Filippov, Liudmila Filippova, and Anna Sazonova. "Models and methods for automating the analysis of logging for the tasks of geographically distributed socio-economic systems." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 4 (January 26, 2022): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2021.4.06.
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Forests play a crucial role in maintaining the Earth's global biodiversity and preserving the ecological balance. In general, forest cover around the world is crucial and is an important indicator of the overall level of health on the planet. It is well known that forests properly purify the air, preserve watersheds, prevent erosion, improve water quality and provide natural resources. In addition, forests help in the face of global warming and absorb a lot of carbon dioxide, which is the main greenhouse gas, thus helping to protect the globe from climate change. In many cases, the range or extent of illegal logging cannot be accurately calculated, mainly due to the nature of the activity. It is estimated that illegal forest activities worldwide lead to the loss of approximately 10-15 billion US dollars in annual government revenues. In the mid-1990s, illicit trade accounted for almost 15% of world trade. In addition, it was pointed out that in the most vulnerable forest regions, more than half of all logging operations were carried out illegally. Despite recent work on environmental initiatives and the development of various tools for monitoring export forest products, more than ever before, it is necessary to use systems to detect illegal logging. Over the past decades, the development of remote sensing technologies, as well as advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), have made it possible to use automated or semi-automatic surveillance solutions in vast areas such as forests. Technologies such as video surveillance, wireless surveillance systems, aerial photographs and satellite images are used. The article discusses the main approaches for analyzing changes in the area of logging. These methods can be used in real time by studying and comparing changes in the areas of forest stands.
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Antonova, Natalia. "Forest Complex of the Far Eastern Federal District in the «New Format»: Opportunities and Problems of the Affiliated Territories." Regionalistica 7, no. 3 (2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/reg.2020.3.5.
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The article analyzes the change in the parameters of the forest complex of the Far Eastern Federal District after the affiliation of the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory. Positive changes were revealed: an increase in forest resource potential, the appearance of a third redistribution of the complex, and an increase in the volume of export of processed products. The situation in the forest complexes of the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory is investigated. It was revealed that, despite the high quantitative indicators of production and export of woodworking products, its quality is generally low, while there is a high percentage of unaccounted production of forest products, illegal forest use, which leads to a decrease in returns on the forest complex for the national and regional economies
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Park, Eon-Kyung, and Sang-Han Wang. "A Critical Analysis on the Domestic Implementation Legislation of the International Nuclear Import and Export Control Regulations: Focusing on Amendment Proposals of the Nuclear Safety Act." Korea International Law Review 64 (February 28, 2023): 147–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25197/kilr.2023.64.147.
Full textAbstract:
Under domestic law, there is no accurate definition of the concept of nuclear export control. ‘The Nuclear Safety Act’ defines safety measures for the peaceful use of nuclear power and import and export control that blocks the illegal transfer of nuclear goods and technologies as nuclear power control, and ‘the Foreign Trade Act’ stipulates import and export control of especially designed or prepared nuclear items(Trigger List) and dual-use items as a type of strategic items export control. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission implements import and export control based on the acts above, but the target items are different. Nevertheless, since there is no clear explanation of import and export control, nuclear power control, and the definition and scope of target items in laws and regulations, materials and references explaining Korea’s nuclear import and export control legislation contain contents unlike.
With the critical mind, the paper identifies the structure and operating principle of the domestic implementation legislation, derives the problems of the current acts, and puts forwards a amendment proposal in three main aspects upon the Nuclear Safety Act; clarification of the content and scope of import and export control in the Nuclear Safety Act; introduction of the legal basis for nuclear import and export control work that was routinely carried out in the absence of alegal ground; and the enactment of a public notice on the nuclear import and export control. The first proposal made the import and export control legislation systematic by clearly defining similar concepts such as nuclear power control, import and export control, and nuclear power import and export control. The second proposal includes the amendment proposals of relevant acts and regulations on education for non-compliance with import and export control, operation and maintenance of the nuclear export control system, and the obligation of employees of the Korea Institute of Nuclear Control and Technology to prohibit leakage of secrets, which are all legally unfounded. The third proposal is the result of considering the specificity of nuclear import and export control and the convenience of interested persons of the acts and regulations, and increases efficiency by regulating goods and technologies under the jurisdiction of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission through a separate public notice.
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Martin, Esmond. "The present-day Egyptian ivory trade." Oryx 34, no. 2 (April 2000): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00105.x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThere are probably more illegal ivory items for sale in Egypt than anywhere else in Africa. The author visited the main tourist centres of Cairo, Luxor and Aswan in late 1998 and counted over 21,000 ivory items for sale. Most of the ivory has come from elephants hunted illegally in Central and West Africa. Traders still transport the raw tusks, by truck and on camels, through Sudan across the desert into Egypt. Since the 1990 CITES ban on the international commercial ivory trade, Egypt, a member state, has prohibited not only the import and export of ivory but domestic trade as well. Ivory sales continue openly, however, in the markets and hotels, and new ivory items are still being made. The main buyers are from France, Italy, Spain and Latin America. The Egyptian Government must enforce its legislation against this ivory trade to reduce the serious elephant poaching in the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan.