Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ill-defined

Academic literature on the topic 'Ill-defined'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ill-defined"

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Thorley, Jennifer. "Ill defined." Lancet Psychiatry 8, no. 8 (August 2021): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00261-3.

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Murray, Shaun. "The Ill-Defined Niche." Design Ecologies 2, no. 1 (August 13, 2012): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/des.2.1.7_2.

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Scull, Andrew. "An ill-defined idea?" Nature 437, no. 7058 (September 2005): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/437481a.

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Antonakis, John, Nicolas Bastardoz, Philippe Jacquart, and Boas Shamir. "Charisma: An Ill-Defined and Ill-Measured Gift." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-041015-062305.

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Moore, Jean. "Studying an Ill-Defined Workforce." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 15, Supplement (November 2009): S48—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0b013e3181b23978.

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Davies, L. J. "Designing from ill-defined problems." International Journal of Information Management 9, no. 3 (September 1989): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0268-4012(89)90007-8.

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Musbah, Thamer, and Galal Omami. "Ill-defined lytic mandibular lesion." Journal of the American Dental Association 151, no. 9 (September 2020): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2019.09.012.

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MAY, C. "Defined versus ill-defined syndromes associated with food sensitivity." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 78, no. 1 (July 1986): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(86)90005-9.

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Torres Irribarra, David. "Measuring Well What Is Ill Defined?" Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives 15, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2017.1369772.

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Menkes, Joshua. "Adaptive control of ill-defined systems." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 29, no. 1 (February 1986): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(86)90012-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ill-defined"

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Rabb, Jane Elizabeth. "The dynamics of solving selection-type, ill-defined problems by in-service teachers." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5580.

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Hayden, Robert Charles, Michael Francis Query, Graham Thomas Shipley, and Leonard Alexander III Snead. "A field study of control systems in environments with ill-defined technology and output." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27052.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how resources are controlled in environments with ill-defined technology and output. Of interest is whether such profit and nonprofit organizations have similar control structures and processes. Organizations in three different industries were investigated: child care, information services, and fire protection. The study provides a basis to develop and understand control processes in the specific environments studied.
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Hunt, Katherine J. "Physiological and functional status of older people discharged from hospital with ill-defined conditions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/71892/.

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This study was carried out in response to the policy attention directed at older people discharged from hospital with ill-defined conditions, or signs and symptoms related disease. In England there has been an increase in incidence of this type of hospital admission and policy suggests that patients with these codes have fewer medical/physiological and more ‘social’ conditions that could be better managed in community settings. Currently however, this population has not been characterised. Description of the functional and physiological status of these patients is essential for the planning of future health and social care services. Patients with ill-defined conditions were described via a cross-sectional study of 80 patients aged over 70 years admitted to hospital with collapse/falls. Number of chronic diseases and prescribed medications were obtained from the medical records. Routine blood tests were taken and serum cytokine concentrations (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were measured. Deprivation score, functional status, depression and the prevalence of frailty were ascertained. 35 patients received ill-defined condition codes, 45 received other codes. Patients with ‘illdefined conditions’ had normal routine blood results but very high serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines which did not correlate with number of chronic diseases indicating considerable medical problems. As the policy had suggested, they also had prevalent functional impairment (65.7%), high rates of frailty (77.1%) and pre-frailty (14.3%), and depression (42.9%). Patients with ill-defined conditions had poor outcomes evident in the high readmission (60%) and mortality (20%) rates. Patients were hospitalised for a statistically significantly shorter period than patients with other codes (p<.05) and functional limitations and depression were associated with a longer length of stay. Increasing deprivation and TNF-α concentration were associated with an increase in the odds of an illdefined condition diagnosis at discharge. The association between functional limitations, frailty, chronic disease and depression add considerable complexity to the health of older people with ill-defined conditions. However, the prevalence of multiple morbidity, high serum concentrations of inflammatory markers and poor outcomes indicate that they also have considerable medical problems that may be largely unmet. These medical problems may result from chronic disease symptom crises and manifest as geriatric conditions for which there are no appropriate International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes. The results of this study indicate a need for reevaluation of the ICD-10 system to incorporate the health problems faced by older people and further research into the effect of a more comprehensive community-based chronic disease management that aims to enable frail older people to maintain health and independence at home and prevent readmission in patients with ill-defined conditions.
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Cheluget, Eric Lanǵat. "Vapor-liquid equilibrium studies. Prediction for ill-defined mixtures and modification of a data collecting apparatus." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61908.

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Vine, Heidi L. "Solving ill-defined personal problems : the effects of scaffolds, generation tools, and recording tools on solution generation." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1179980.

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This experiment was designed to compare the before and after ratings of solutions generated by individuals using two problem solving scaffolds, brainstorming and the hierarchical technique. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions which varied by type of scaffold (procedures to guide thinking), type of tool used to assist solution generation (random word list or thesaurus), and type of technology utilized (computer versus paper and pencil). Using a personal problem, participants generated solutions on paper until they could no longer add to their list. Then participants were taught to use a scaffold, either brainstorming or the hierarchical technique , and allowed to continue generating solutions either on paper or on a computer with one of two tools to stimulate ideas, a random word list or a thesaurus.Results indicated that participants trained on brainstorming generated solutions that were more original than participants trained on the hierarchical technique. The mean number of solutions generated was highest when participants used the computer recording tool paired with a thesaurus. Finally, participants rated solutions higher on practicality when they used a random word list instead of a thesaurus.
Department of Psychological Science
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Cameron, Mark A., and Mark Cameron@csiro au. "A Problem Model for Decision Support Systems." The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020717.144031.

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This body of research focuses on supporting problem-stakeholders, decision-makers and problem-solvers faced with an ill-defined and complex real world problem. An ill-defined problem has a characteristic trait of continual refinement. That is, the definition of the problem changes throughout the problem investigation and resolution process. The central theme of this research is that a support system should provide problem stakeholders with a problem definition model for constructing and manipulating a representation of the definition of the problem as they understand it. The approach adopted herein is to first develop a problem definition model for ill-defined problems— the 6-Component problem definition model. With this model, it is then possible to move on to identifying the types of changes or modifications to the problem definition that problem stakeholders, decision makers and problem solvers may wish to explore. Importantly, there must be a connection between the surface representation of the problem and the underlying implementation of the support system. This research argues that by focusing the support system around the problem definition, it is possible to reduce the mismatch between the problem objectives and the representation of the problem that the support system offers. This research uses the Unified Modelling Language to record and explore the requirements that problem stakeholders, faced with an evolving problem definition, place on a support system. The 6-Component problem definition model is then embedded within a design for an evolutionary support system. This embedding, supported by collaboration diagrams, shows how a system using the 6-Component problem definition model will support stakeholders in their exploration, evaluation and resolution of an ill-defined and complex real-world problem. A case study provides validation of the effectiveness of the 6-Component problem definition model proposed and developed in this work. The case study uses the 6-Component problem definition model as a basis for implementing the Integration Workbench, an evolutionary support system for land-use planning. Stakeholders explore, communicate, evaluate and resolve the Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement problem with assistance from the Integration Workbench.
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Aguiar, João Pedro Ornaghi de. "Sobre a natureza dos problemas de projeto : grau de definição, coevolução e escolha de técnicas para a geração de alternativas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/34752.

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Esta dissertação trata das características próprias dos problemas de projeto de desenvolvimento de produtos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram revisar parte da literatura publicada sobre a natureza dos problemas de projeto; confirmar, na prática, a mudança na definição dos componentes do problema ao longo da sua resolução; e propor uma estrutura que auxilie a escolha de ferramentas de geração de alternativas. São apresentados os resultados de uma observação do processo projetual realizado por estudantes de graduação da Engenharia e do Design, trabalhando conjuntamente. A dissertação é estruturada na forma de três artigos encadeados. Os resultados da revisão bibliográfica conformam o primeiro artigo, referente ao capítulo dois deste documento. A observação dos grupos de estudantes está no segundo artigo, referente ao capítulo três. A contribuição busca facilitar a tradução dos requisitos de um projeto em conceitos de um produto, através da proposição de uma matriz que cruza as dimensões dos problemas de projeto de produtos manufaturados industrialmente e algumas ferramentas conhecidas para a geração de alternativas. Essa matriz se encontra no terceiro artigo, referente ao capítulo quatro do documento. No quinto e último capítulo são elaboradas as conclusões do estudo, que apontam para a recursividade da atividade de definir um problema paralelamente ao seu processo de resolução.
This study is about the nature of design problems. Its objectives are: to review part of the literature about the topic; to confirm, with empirical basis, the changes in the components of design problem through the resolution process; and present a framework that helps choosing concept generating tools. The empirical data were obtained from observation and verbal protocols of graduation students from Engineering and Design courses working together. This research is presented in three linked articles, setting chapters two, three and four of this document. Chapter two represents the literature review. The observation of the students corresponds to chapter three. The contribution appears in chapter four, where the design problem dimensions are crossed with tools for concept generation. Lastly, in the fifth chapter, the conclusions pointed out to the recursiveness in the problem definition and solution generation process.
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Matni, Amin. "Assessing Design Thinking through the Activation of A Social Challenge in Higher Education: An Academic Inquiry." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3480.

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This thesis is an inquiry that documents, identifies and assesses the effectiveness, circumstances, and potential resources related to addressing the gap between social needs and higher education as stated in the National Development Strategy 2011-2016. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the response of the students on the collaborative, human-centered, result-oriented aspects of design thinking while addressing the eating experience topic, an articulated theme from the wicked problem of obesity. The eating experience theme provided students from design, business and engineering majors a contextualized topic to test design thinking in a series of workshops conducted in three different universities. Quantitative research methods were used to test the students’ feedback on design thinking, map their reactions during the process and rate the workshops. The later served as a recruitment channel to bring interested students from design, business and engineering majors in a last workshop. Participants develop one of the previously generated seed concepts and reflect on the multi-disciplinary experience. Results have shown that students successfully articulated the method, focused on the user-needs, collaborated with each other and generated tangible seed concepts to address the social topic. The interior design students assessed the method with an average rating. They were the least comfortable with the ambiguity level of the topic and with the user-centered approach of design thinking. Whereas the engineering and business students rated the method with high scores and were comfortable in the workshops. Furthermore, 22% of the students involved in the study were interested to enroll in the last multi-disciplinary workshop yet 5% participated due to their workload and the lack of incentives. In conclusion, the inquiry engaged students in a transformative academic experience that impacted their cognitive and ethical capacity. It also revealed new opportunities that can bridge the gap between higher education and social needs.
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Snyder, Michelle, Shelly-Ann Love, Paul Sorlie, Wayne Rosamond, Carmen Antini, Patricia Metcalf, Shakia Hardy, Chirayath Suchindran, Eyal Shahar, and Gerardo Heiss. "Redistribution of heart failure as the cause of death: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610236.

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BACKGROUND:Heart failure is sometimes incorrectly listed as the underlying cause of death (UCD) on death certificates, thus compromising the accuracy and comparability of mortality statistics. Statistical redistribution of the UCD has been used to examine the effect of misclassification of the UCD attributed to heart failure, but sex- and race-specific redistribution of deaths on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the United States has not been examined.METHODS:We used coarsened exact matching to infer the UCD of vital records with heart failure as the UCD from 1999 to 2010 for decedents 55years old and older from states encompassing regions under surveillance by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, and North Carolina). Records with heart failure as the UCD were matched on decedent characteristics (five-year age groups, sex, race, education, year of death, and state) to records with heart failure listed among the multiple causes of death. Each heart failure death was then redistributed to plausible UCDs proportional to the frequency among matched records.RESULTS:After redistribution the proportion of deaths increased for CHD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertensive heart disease, and cardiomyopathy, P<0.001. The percent increase in CHD mortality after redistribution was the highest in Mississippi (12%) and lowest in Maryland (1.6%), with variations by year, race, and sex. Redistribution proportions for CHD were similar to CHD death classification by a panel of expert reviewers in the ARIC study.CONCLUSIONS:Redistribution of ill-defined UCD would improve the accuracy and comparability of mortality statistics used to allocate public health resources and monitor mortality trends.
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Ozawa, Carolina [UNIFESP]. "Rede de cuidado ao portador de doença cardiovascular no município de Praia Grande-SP. Que circuito é esse?" Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/11600/41865.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T19:14:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-02-17
Repensar estratégias efetivas para o controle e prevenção das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) tem sido um desafio para os sistemas de saúde. Segundo a OMS, as DCNT respondem por 73% dos óbitos no mundo, com destaque para doenças cardiovasculares (31,3%). No Brasil, as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) constituem a primeira causa de morte em todas as regiões brasileiras. O presente estudo teve como campo de pesquisa o município de Praia Grande-SP, com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da rede de atenção à saúde ao paciente portador de DCV. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases. A primeira, de caráter quantitativo, buscou identificar a evolução das taxas de mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório (doenças isquêmicas do coração, doenças cerebrovasculares e doenças hipertensivas) no período entre 1996 e 2012, antes e após a criação do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos regional no município de Praia Grande. A segunda parte do estudo, de caráter qualitativo, buscou conhecer, por meio de coleta de informações orais, o circuito do atendimento em rede à pessoa que procura os serviços de saúde do município de Praia Grande na perspectiva do usuário com doença cardiovascular, desde o diagnóstico até a ocorrência do óbito, com o objetivo de reconstruir as formas de acesso aos serviços de saúde e continuidade do cuidado. Com essa finalidade realizamos uma seleção aleatória de 17 óbitos por DCV de residentes na Praia Grande ocorridos no período de janeiro a maio de 2013. Os prontuários foram localizados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família e usados para coleta de dados, realizada por meio de questionário semiestruturado. Os familiares e profissionais dos serviços de saúde acessados para o atendimento do evento que levou ao óbito foram entrevistados para recompor a rede de assistência Resultados: Verificamos uma forte correlação positiva entre aumento da mortalidade proporcional por doenças cardiovasculares e número de óbitos investigados por necropsia no Serviço de Verificação de Óbito sugerindo que a investigação da causa de morte e o preenchimento correto da declaração de óbito pode ter sido um fator importante na modificação do perfil de mortalidade do município de Praia Grande no período 2006-2012. A observação do comportamento em espelho das tendências das mortalidades proporcionais por causas mal definidas e doenças cardiovasculares permite supor que o aumento de participação das últimas no obituário se deu à custa do declínio das primeiras. No ano de 2013, este estudo indicou que apenas o aumento quantitativo de equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família não se mostrou suficiente para o enfrentamento da DCV de forma efetiva e contínua, embora a rede de atenção básica do município de Praia Grande contasse com uma cobertura de mais de 56 % da população local com a Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Os nós dificultadores identificados neste circuito de serviços de saúde no município de Praia Grande são constituídos pelo desafio de trabalhar em rede, com comunicação entre os pares e transpondo barreiras locais, além do protagonismo fundamental do agente comunitário de saúde na questão do conhecimento, do monitoramento e da vigilância da população moradora em seu território, seja ela usuária do SUS ou da rede de saúde suplementar. À época da pesquisa, as unidades da atenção básica não pareciam ser uma porta aberta quando da agudização da sua condição crônica de saúde, o que leva o usuário a procurar primeiramente por serviços de urgência e emergência, continuando o fluxo para os serviços de internação, cujos procedimentos de alta complexidade também são dificultadores para uma boa evolução antes da ocorrência do óbito por DCV.
Rethinking effective strategies for prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) has been a challenge for health care systems. According to the WHO, NCDs account for 73% of deaths worldwide, especially cardiovascular diseases (31.3%). In Brazil, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in all Brazilian regions. This study’s research field was the municipality of Praia Grande -São Paulo, and its goal was to evaluate the performance of the health care network for the patient with CVD. The survey was conducted in two phases. The first, of quantitative character, sought to identify the evolution of mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and hypertensive disease) in the period between 1996 and 2012, before and after the creation of Regional Coroner's Service in Praia Grande’s municipality. The second part of the study, qualitative, sought to know, through collecting oral information, the path along the service network of the person seeking health services on the Praia Grande’s municipality in the perspective of the patient with cardiovascular disease until death occurred, in order to reconstruct the forms of access to health services and the continuity of care. The authors conducted a random selection of 17 CVD deaths of residents in Praia Grande that occurred in the period from January to May 2013. The records were located on the Family Health Units and used for data collection, carried out through semi-structured questionnaire. Family members and health services’ professionals that had been accessed during the event that led to the death were interviewed to recompose the service network. Results: We found a strong positive correlation between increased proportional cardiovascular mortality and number of deaths investigated by necropsy in the Coroner's Service suggesting that the investigation of the cause of death and the correct completion of death certificates may have been an important factor in mortality profile modification of Praia Grande municipality in the period 2006-2012. The behavioral observation using mirror of the trends of proportional mortality from ill-defined causes and cardiovascular disease suggests that the increase in participation in recent obituary occurred at the expense of the decline of the first. In the year 2013, this study indicated that the quantitative increase of teams of the Family Health Strategy alone was not enough to manage effectively and continuously the CVDs, although the primary care network of Praia Grande municipality had more than 56% of the local population covered with the Family Health Strategy. The knots within the health care circuit in the city of Praia Grande are the challenge to network, to communicate between peers, to transpose local walls and the fundamental role of the Community Health Agent in the matter of knowledge, monitoring and surveillance of the population living in his territory, whether SUS user or of the private healthcare services. At the time of the survey, the primary care units did not seem to be an open door at the moment that their chronic health condition worsens. This lead the user to look first for urgency and emergency services, continuing the flow for inpatient services, whose highly complex procedures are also hindering for a good outcome instead the occurrence of death from CVD.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Books on the topic "Ill-defined"

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J, Carey Linda. Foundations for creativity in the writing process: Rhetorical representations of ill-defined problems. Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1989.

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Carey, Linda. Foundations for creativity in the writing process: Rhetorical representations of ill-defined problems. Berkeley, Ca: Center for the Study of Writing, 1989.

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Hayden, Robert Charles. A field study of control systems in environments with ill-defined technology and output. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Pfau, Aleksandra Nicole. Medieval Communities and the Mad. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983359.

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The concept of madness as a challenge to communities lies at the core of legal sources. Medieval Communities and the Mad: Narratives of Crime and Mental Illness in Late Medieval France considers how communal networks, ranging from the locale to the realm, responded to people who were considered mad. The madness of individuals played a role in engaging communities with legal mechanisms and proto-national identity constructs, as petitioners sought the king’s mercy as an alternative to local justice. The resulting narratives about the mentally ill in late medieval France constructed madness as an inability to live according to communal rules. Although such texts defined madness through acts that threatened social bonds, those ties were reaffirmed through the medium of the remission letter. The composers of the letters presented madness as a communal concern, situating the mad within the household, where care could be provided. Those considered mad were usually not expelled but integrated, often through pilgrimage, surveillance, or chains, into their kin and communal relationships.
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Borzillo, Stefano, and Dani�le Chauvel. Innovative Company: An Ill-Defined Object. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.

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The dynamics of solving selection-type, ill-defined problems by in-service teachers. 1989.

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Wernerman, Jan. Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0203.

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Nutritional and metabolic care makes a difference in critical illness. Optimal nutrition can improve outcomes and complications with nutrition may do harm. The energy needs of critically-ill patients are controversial, and it is important to discriminate between this initial phase of critical illness and a more stable phase evolving into rehabilitation. Indirect calorimetry is very helpful to optimize the energy supply. It is repeatedly suggested that protein supply to critically-ill patients should be higher than to healthy individuals. There is, however, little evidence for this proposal, although it is a part of most guidelines. To consider nutritional failure, optimal nutrition should be defined. In critical illness more mechanistic research is needed to define optimal nutrition and metabolic care.
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Sperling, James, and Mark Webber. NATO Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0052.

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In the post-cold-war period, NATO’s mission has shifted from static territorial defence against a well-defined adversary to expeditionary missions against ill-defined adversaries along the entire conflict spectrum. We trace the evolution of NATO security strategies and the attendant changes in allied threat perception, purpose, and force structure, the range and kinds of military operations between 1990 and 2016, and military exercises undertaken after the Russian annexation of Crimea. We then assess allied contributions to those operations (burden- and risk-sharing) and the selective participation of allies in operations (risk-assuming and risk-shirking). A final substantive concern is the growing capabilities gap among the allies, its implications for future allied operations, and its consequences for the alliance. The conclusion addresses the key question facing the alliance: should NATO abandon expeditionary operations and return to static territorial defence consistent with the original intent of the North Atlantic Treaty?
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Crawford, Laura, and Ruth Kleinpell. Principles and prevention of pressure sores in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0279.

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A pressure ulcer, defined by the National Pressure Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels as localized injury to the skin or tissue as the result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear, can be an adverse complication of a hospital stay, especially for acute and critically-ill patients. Factors that can contribute to pressure ulcer development include the intensity and duration of pressure, tissue tolerance, shear, and friction. Common anatomical sites for pressure ulcers development are over bony prominences. The National Pressure Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels define pressure ulcers in six stages according to the degree of tissue damage present in the wound. A risk assessment should be performed to identify the vulnerability of pressure ulcer development and provide guidance for the implementation of preventative interventions. For the critically-ill patient, several specific measures are advocated for preventing pressure ulcers.
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Heyland, Daren K., and Marina Mourtzakis. Malnutrition in Critical Illness: Implications, Causes, and Therapeutic Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0036.

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Malnutrition is generally defined as an inadequate intake of nutrients or calories for appropriate physiological functioning. Undernourishment specifically refers to hypocaloric intake as well as reduced macro- and micronutrient intakes relative to the calculated recommendation for a patient. This chapter discusses the undernourishment of the critically ill patient and its attendant physiological and clinical consequences. Achieving 80–90% of prescribed protein and calories is both achievable and is associated with the beneficial physiological and clinical outcomes in a significant proportion of patients. Strategies to maximize these benefits as well as minimizing the risk of enteral nutrition are essential. These should include early initiation of enteral nutrition (within 24–48 hours), adoption of second-generation feeding protocols, use of motility agents, small bowel feeding tubes, and elevation of the head of the bed. Given the encouraging results of early mobilization, it could be hypothesized that combining early mobilization and nutrition interventions would limit muscle mass loss and maintain muscle integrity and function in critically ill patients.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ill-defined"

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Jackelén, Antje. "Life: An Ill-Defined Relationship." In Issues in Science and Religion: Publications of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17407-5_6.

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Williams, Mark A., and Michelle Y. Martin. "Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions." In Handbook of clinical health psychology: Volume 1. Medical disorders and behavioral applications., 533–53. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10469-016.

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White, James, King-wa Fu, and Braeden Benson. "Social Media: An Ill-Defined Phenomenon." In Online Communities and Social Computing, 422–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39371-6_47.

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Gcaza, Noluxolo, and Rossouw von Solms. "Cybersecurity Culture: An Ill-Defined Problem." In Information Security Education for a Global Digital Society, 98–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58553-6_9.

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Vansteenkiste, G. C., and J. A. Spriet. "Structure Characterization of Ill-Defined Systems." In Modeling and Simulation: Theory and Practice, 69–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0235-7_9.

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Vansteenkiste, G. C. "New Simulation Approaches to Ill-Defined Systems." In Advances in Simulation, 302–8. New York, NY: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6389-7_65.

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Vansteenkiste, G. C., and E. J. H. Kerckhoffs. "An Environment for Ill-Defined Systems Research." In Informatik-Fachberichte, 204–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74051-0_29.

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Fournier-Viger, Philippe, Roger Nkambou, and Engelbert Mephu Nguifo. "Building Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Ill-Defined Domains." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 81–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14363-2_5.

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Fournier-Viger, Philippe, Roger Nkambou, Engelbert Mephu Nguifo, and André Mayers. "ITS in Ill-Defined Domains: Toward Hybrid Approaches." In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 318–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13437-1_57.

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Goldberg, Benjamin S., Robert A. Sottilare, Keith W. Brawner, and Heather K. Holden. "Predicting Learner Engagement during Well-Defined and Ill-Defined Computer-Based Intercultural Interactions." In Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 538–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24600-5_57.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ill-defined"

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Yana, Yanliuxing, Pingfei Jiang, Amanda Squires, and Peter R. N. Childs. "Ill-Defined Engineering Problem Solving Empirical Study." In International Conference on Advanced Design Research and Education (ICADRE14). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-1348-9_024.

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Musicki, Darko, and Dragan Nesic. "Extremum seeking control of ill-defined exponential process." In 2011 23rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2011.5968667.

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Thakker, Dhavalkumar, Vania Dimitrova, Lydia Lau, Ronald Denaux, Stan Karanasios, and Fan Yang-Turner. "A priori ontology modularisation in ill-defined domains." In the 7th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2063518.2063541.

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Russo, Davide, and Valentino Birolini. "A Computer Aided Approach for Reformulating “Ill-Defined” Problems." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47212.

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It is proven that a low accuracy in setup or an insufficient attention during the problem structuring [1] may affect the accuracy of the final solution [2], while a problem that is properly defined is virtually solved [3], especially for “ill-defined” problems. Many efforts have been made since the 1970s for improving problem assessment, managing problem information (their functioning, constraints and requirements) and avoiding psychological barriers and memory loads [4]. Other studies have been focused on overcoming trivial points of view, such as lateral thinking [5] and to systematize an abstraction path for the initial situation by using theoretical models as functional models [6], cause effect analysis, and contradictions [7]. This work takes into account this background in problem solving methods, especially root cause analysis [8] and TRIZ [7], the theory of inventive problem solving. In this paper, a set of steps, called BOB-UP® have been conceived in order to support designers during the correct reformulation of the initial problem. This procedure has the aim to reformulate every technical problems, turning an ill-defined initial problem into a well-defined final problem. In this paper the framework of the procedure based upon an inedited cause-effect analysis is widely shown. For completing each design step, ontologies, linguistic rules, modeling tools and sketches are carefully integrated. Novel and key points are extensively presented in this paper, together with an exemplary case about a toaster implementation. The overall procedure was translated into software to ease the completion. The output of such computer aided reformulation consists of a “well defined” problem reformulation. Unlike the most famous and traditional cause-effect approaches, in the BOB-UP® environment the user is guided step by step to identify the best level of detail, focusing on the undesired effect(s), and finally identify the crucial element on which intervention is needed. A preliminary validation, conducted with 9 industrial cases by 30 users selected from the teaching staff of the University, research assistants and PhD and Master Degree students in Mechanical Engineering, has demonstrated the effectiveness of the method.
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Rigby, Steven, Melissa J. Dark, Joseph J. Ekstrom, and Marcus Rogers. "The efficacy of cross-discipline representations for ill-defined concepts." In the 10th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1631728.1631801.

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Halle, Sylvain. "An Efficient Heuristic for Discovering Multiple Ill-Defined Attributes in Datasets." In 2006 5th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2006.14.

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Kulinich, A. A. "Decision Support in Ill-Defined Situations Based on Internet Information Retrieval." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa50634.2020.9280682.

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Ho, Ming-Chung, Chien-Hui Lin, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, and Ch Tsitouras. "Detecting Phase Synchronization in Chua's Circuit with Ill-defined Phase Structure." In ICNAAM 2010: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2010. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3498385.

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Kulinich, A. A. "Semiotic Approach in Modeling and Decision-making in Ill-defined Complex Situations." In 2018 Eleventh International Conference "Management of large-scale system development" (MLSD 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd.2018.8551835.

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Tao, Yimo, Shih-Chung B. Lo, Matthew T. Freedman, and Jianhua Xuan. "Joint segmentation and spiculation detection for ill-defined and spiculated mammographic masses." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Nico Karssemeijer and Ronald M. Summers. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.844045.

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Reports on the topic "Ill-defined"

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Daume III, Hal, and Daniel Marcu. Generic Sentence Fusion is an Ill-Defined Summarization Task. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461416.

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Peterson, Donna, Nici Rosario, and Anthony Aretz. General Criteria to Evaluate Students' Performance in Dealing with Ill-Defined Problems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada367208.

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Liu, Cheng-Hsin, Ha L. Nguyen, and Omar M. Yaghi. Reticular Chemistry and Harvesting Water from Desert Air. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00007.

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Although chemists, in general, are concerned with the art and science of constructing molecules and understanding their behavior, for a long time the idea that such molecules can be linked together by strong bonds to make infinite, extended structures were fraught with failure. The notion of using molecular building blocks to make such structures invariably led to chaotic, ill-defined materials and therefore not only defying the chemists’ need to exert their will on the design of matter but also preventing them from deciphering the atomic arrangement of such products. The field remained undeveloped for most of the twentieth century, and it was taken as an article of faith that linking molecules by strong bonds to make extended structures is a “waste of time” because “it doesn’t work.”
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