Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Île-de-France (France) – History'
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Bouttier, Ronan. "Les bains privés dans l’architecture civile française (1515-1774)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040050.
Full textThe theme of spaces dedicated to bath is a hardly defined subject, well studied by historians, but which had to be broached through the history of architecture. This field of study has focused for decades to analyse the layout and the ways of inhabiting in the great residences of modern times. A study on an extended period of time was necessary to understand the subtle changes of forms and uses of bath rooms. This study is defined by two turning points in the history of French architecture: on one hand the accession of François Ier in 1515, whom inaugurated an ambitious artistic politics, in particular for royal residences; one the other hand the end of the reign of Louis XV in 1774, furthermore the year of the death of Jacques-François Blondel who was a defender of an architectural classicism inspired by the Grand Siècle. This study is based on a catalogue of monographic notes incorporating the wide-ranging aspect of the housing, from palaces to houses. The sources of the history of architecture and the study of the construction of remaining baths made possible a definition of spaces typologies and ways of inhabiting. In order to make clearer the use of spaces, the study was enlarged to the history of medicine and mentalities
Cohen, Muriel. "Des familles invisibles : politiques publiques et trajectoires résidentielles de l'immigration algérienne (1945-1985)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001023.
Full textDhoiffir, Loutfi. "Une histoire comptable et financière de la ligne ferroviaire dite de la « petite ceinture » Paris (1853-2014) : Approche par les théories de la décision." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA131003/document.
Full textThe Line Little Belt is a former Paris railway line double track 32 kilometers in length (excluding connections) who went around Paris within the boulevards of the Marshals. Opened by sections 1852 to 1869, it is first devoted exclusively to freight traffic before being opened for passenger traffic, with the exception of the Auteuil line, unlike directly open to travelers in 1854 and only in 1867 for goods. Deserted by Parisians because of growing competition from the Metropolitan in 1900, the line is, for most of his career, closed to passenger traffic Sunday, July 22, 1934, except the Auteuil line remained open until in 1985. Freight traffic has disappeared since the early 1990s, and the line is now largely abandoned and missing a portion of its length. A portion of the Auteuil line, however, was built in 1988 to the RER C line. Many stations were destroyed including Montsouris. Passy Station has been preserved by being converted into a restaurant. Stations were converted as station Charonne. Remained abandoned since 1993, the Little Belt has been the subject of a first phase of consultation in 2013 in order to sketch the future. Our research is at the heart of the debate about the future of the Little Belt Paris. It aims to demonstrate the importance of the railway line since its inception in 1852 until it closed in 1934 for passenger service. We provide a comparative analysis of the situation of the accounting and financial management from 1854 to 1934 to determine the different results of operations conducted to evaluate the financial performance of the line. Our approach is to understand why intelligent men, in possession of all their resources, they have taken the decision to voluntarily stop the activity of theLittle Belt line. What are the consequences of setting aside of the very long term of this railway platform? What are theshortfalls of this Sleep? Little research has been based on this approach, and our research was to study the differentapproaches to the decision based on the theories of rational decision of Simon of Cyert and March and the absurd theories of decision Christian More l . After comparison of these different approaches, we have learned as a result to escape the non-decision, applying the theory of meta-rule of the reliability
Taquet, Alizée. "Évolution de la résistance aux insecticides au sein d’un complexe d’espèces de ravageurs dans un contexte d’invasion biologique : coût de la résistance et rôle de l’hybridation." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0014.
Full textBemisia tabaci is a major insect pest distributed worldwide because of its ability to transmit phytoviruses. Three whitefly species coexist in Reunion Island: the native species IO, and two exotic species MEAM1 and MED-Q, which successively invaded the island in 1997 and 2010. The main control strategy against these species is the use of insecticides, which can lead to the emergence of resistance. The main objective was to understand the evolution of the distribution of the whitefly species, with regards to their insecticide resistance in a context of interspecific hybridization. To this aim, whiteflies were sampled in 56 sites, genotyped at 11 microsatellite markers and for two kdr loci involved in pyrethroid resistance. Fifteen populations were phenotyped for resistance to pymetrozine and acetamiprid using bioassays, and the cost of acetamiprid resistance was evaluated in MEAM1 populations displaying different resistance levels. The two invasive species are mainly found in agroecosystems and both have kdr resistance mutations. Most of the MEAM1 populations were also found to be resistant to acetamiprid, pymetrozine or both pesticides. No fitness costs appeared to be associated with resistance to acetamiprid in MEAM1. On the contrary, the indigenous species IO was mainly sampled in non-crop areas, or at the edge of agrosystems. It has no pyrethroid resistance mutations and is sensitive to the insecticides tested. Finally, the interspecific hybridization (MEAM-IO) observed between IO and MEAM1 did not lead to the introgression of resistant mutations into the indigenous species, but possibly to the introgression of susceptibility in MEAM1
Gérard, Gilles. "La famille esclave à Bourbon." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038011.
Full textMartin, Pierre. "Histoire du groupe Azur : les mutations d'un groupe d'assurances mutuelles (1819-2000)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010620.
Full textAshok, B. "La présence des Indiens du Nord en Ile-de-France : histoire migratoire, fixation géographique et organisation sociale." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040062.
Full textThis thesis concerns Indian ethnic origin populations in France. This population, the result of both colonial era and relatively recent immigration, is hereafter called Asian Indian (translated into French as indo-asiatique), as per American usage. A little over half of these Asian Indians are concentrated in continental France (about 200,000 persons), mostly in the Paris region (Île-de-France). The remainder (about 150,000 persons), mostly descendants of indentured Indian laborers from south and northeast India are settled in la reunion (about 65,000 in 1967) and in the French Caribbean islands (about 25,000 in Guadeloupe in 1982). The total Asian Indian population (about 350,000 persons in all of France, of whom 290,000 are French nationals) represents 0,6 % of the total French population and 7 % of the total foreign-born resident population. After studying overall geographic distribution patterns, the research focuses on one part of this population: included are Guajaratis, Bangladeshis, Punjabis, Sindhis, etc. But non Guajarati-speaking Pakistanis, indo-Mauritians, Tamils (Pondicherians, etc. ) are excluded. Communities of different nationalities, languages and religions are examined under three headings: immigration to France, socio-economic insertion and socio-cultural integration into French society. Immigration deals with who came to France, wherefrom, when and why they came. Insertion looks at how groups crystallized and settled and at work and living patterns in the Paris region. Integration is concerned with group-specific identities and cultural traits and with the social interactions for integration into French society. This thesis in human geography updates and completes the 30-year old thesis by Dilip Malakar on Indians in Paris; it forms part of a series of studies that have either been completed (on Mauritians, Sri Lankans, Pakistanis, French overseas residents) or are being prepared (on Pondicherians, etc. ) in France on this subject in the human sciences
Greenberg, Michael. ""L'âme des orchestres" : la contrebasse à Paris et en Ile de France (XVIe-XXe siècles)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040185.
Full textA re-examination of the evolution of the double bass, based on archival sources in the Paris region : its construction, its practice in the different spheres of musical activity, and the codification of this practice and its diffusion through teaching
Couder, Laurent. "Les immigrés italiens dans la région parisienne pendant les années 1920 : contribution à l'histoire du fait migratoire en France au XXe siècle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0007.
Full textThe influx of Italians in the Paris area increased swiftly in the 1920s, especially in the suburbs which were then in full growth. Although the Italian community was notable for its wide professiona range, the workers in old crafts such as building, woodwork and clothing, as well as in offices, were much more numerous than those employed in big metallurgical and chemical plants. The Italian establishment in the Capital was a substantial enough group to have its own papers and handle the colony's traditional institutions such as Chamber of Commerce, welfare organizations, schools and so on. The political upheaval affecting the Peninsula had important effects on the colony's life : while there was a fascist following based on the various economic, social, cultural and even religious organizations revolving around the Embassy, the consulate and the Fascio, Paris was at the same time becoming the capital of Italian antifascism in exile. The result was often violent clashes and a strong competition aiming at the ideological control and above all the organizing of the immigrant mass in the fields of welfare and employment. Besides the factors favorable to the integration of Italians into French society seem to have won in the end
Morin, Christophe. "Bâtiments d'utilité : accès et abords du château au XVIIIe siècle : le cas de l'Ile-de-France." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010548.
Full textFrutieaux, Elisabeth. "Genèse et développement des paroisses rurales en Ile-de-France : Ve-XVIIIe siècles." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040194.
Full textJust before the French Revolution, the former diocese of Paris counted 440 rural parishes. But the first inventory registered already 353 of them. Between 1205, date of this inventory and 1789, 87 new parishes were created. .
Daumas, Philippe. "Familles en révolution : 1775-1825 : recherches sur les comportements familiaux des populations rurales d'Ile-de-France : de l'Ancien Régime à la Restauration." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17525.
Full textThe revolutionary laws on family belonged to a regenerating undertaking whose goal was not only to destroy the Ancient Regime institutions but also to change man himself, in order to make this change irreversible. Did this policy ; which put into question life customs and mentalities in line with a " long time process ", have real effects on the people's living conditions ? Observing family life in eleven villages of Ile-de-France between 1775 and 1825 through many sources (such as registers of births and catholic community, notarial and judicial archives) shows the importance of the changes that took place in the cultural practices. The major consequence of the French Revolution was the decline of the religious hold on family everyday life. This made it possible for the people to express a greater indivudual freedom in many parts of their life ; for instance, the choice of the husband or wife, choice of the children's first name, sex out of marriageAs the principle of freedom imposed itself more than the one of equality, the increasing individualism modified the family relations by favouring the personal links and the feelings over the collective constraints. Although still a minority, the innovative attitudes advanced, and most of all, spread to all the social classes. However, changes and continuities seemed to be less struggling than coexisting in a complex and often ambiguous relationship. These developments were not linear. After the cultural changes imposed by the Revolution, came a period of partial backward tendency, linked to the napoleonic policy. But the years 1810-1815 marked the beginning of a new wave of change, checked by almost all of the indicators. This " second cultural revolution ", whose actors appeared to be the children of the Revolution, seemed to be deep and irreversible
Govindin, Sully Santa. "Histoire des migrations, dynamiques et créolisation dans les corpus du Mahabharata ou Barldon à la Réunion de 1672 à 2008." Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0009.
Full textThis work is based on a collection of unpublished and difficult data, those of a complex corpus of Mahabharata, the sacred texts of India, and corpus of the oral tradition of Barldon, sung in Creole society of La Réunion ever since the Indian migrants settled in the island. Several corpuses of different types were collected for effective synchronic and diachronic analysis. During our research work, we introduced three new areas in the same research field. We carried out research at Pondichery and brought back documents on Indian slavery and a Tamil manuscript sung in Reunion at the time of the ritual of “walk on fire”. We also worked on the history of language, cults, culture and migration. We established a critical apparatus which includes the analysis of the corpuses, indices, appendices whose conceptual tool consists of over hundred documents: 8 maps, 4 sketches, 36 graphs, 32 paintings, 5 texts of which one is Tamil critical edition, two unpublished translated Tamil and Creole texts, 25 images and a cinematic sequence. We reconstructed layers of language and our work shows that the Réunionnais remained a very special language and exposed to the process of linguistic and cultural creolisation, the language of Barldon, an ancestral language that our surveys have failed to find a place in South India. Can one speak of a sacred language in Réunion but kept exposed to the dynamics of creolisation? Our inquiry shows the queries made by Gillette Staudacher-Valliamee the difficulty of asking for Reunion the linguistic and cultural creolisation without pidginisation, by reminding that the question of language is central. Our work re-examines the place of India in formulating assumptions for the genesis of Creole in the Indian Ocean (A. Bollée 2009, R. Chaudenson 2010)
Ollivier, Jean-Pierre. "Les dépendances rurales du monastère parisien Saint-Martin des Champs en Île-de-France à la fin du Moyen-âge." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010549.
Full textMoriceau, Jean-Marc. "Les Fermiers de l'Ile-de-France : ascension d'un groupe social (1400-1750)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010649.
Full textIn the country surrounding Paris, commercial agriculture favoured development of a great farmers class, economically high tech. Fixed here from the later middle ages, they set themselves up as a social group of notables during the 16th. From 1550 to 1650, big estate go through secondaries changes, within the context of a still diversified agriculture. Between 1650 and 1750, the change is general. The size of farmes treble, the cereal specialization increase and social distances grow between weak farmers who collapse and biggest who get rich and ennoble. Relations with paris increase. The group widen his geographical and cultural horizons. In the middle of the 18th, a new rural elite is born : gentlemen-farmers, who has no cause to be jalous of their english equivalents
Sorez, Julien. "Footballs en Seine : histoire sociale et culturelle d’une pratique sportive dans Paris et sa banlieue des années 1880 à 1940." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0056.
Full textUsing the Seine department as the analysis framework, this thesis intends to put in perspective the development of football, from its first appearance at the end of the 19th century up until 1940. The strong links it enjoyed with Great Britain, the quality of its teams’ game and the dynamism of its leaders all explained the sporting and institutional hegemony of Parisian football until the late 1910s. During the interwar period, as football gained visibility and legitimacy in French society, the supremacy of Parisian football gradually eroded, although Paris and its inner suburbs remained the venues for the most attractive events of the country, and their teams always enjoyed a certain amount of prestige. The aim is, therefore, to understand how an initially marginal cultural practice developed in the capital of a highly centralised state, and to assess the importance of the Seine department in the historical trajectory followed by French football. In order to do this, the thesis will successively examine the institutional development of Parisian football, the modalities of its progressive spatial anchoring in Paris and the suburban communes of the Seine department and, finally, the manner in which football was able to acquire strong social legitimacy in less than five decades
Le, Dantec Tiffanie. "Les façades enduites au plâtre d'Île-de-France. Le déclin du plâtre extérieur, du XVIIe au XXe siècle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV001/document.
Full textPlaster of Paris’ notoriety exceeds France’s national borders, its use in moulding, sculpture, architectural ornaments in French artistic production built its reputation. Beyond plaster for moulding, gypsum plaster is one of the most used materials for building construction in the Paris area, and one the most obvious one. In fact, half of Paris ancient buildings and a large part of historical buildings in the region Ilede-France have facades covered with gypsum-based renders and ornaments. However, gypsum renders are still mistaken with lime or cement renders, people call them gypsum-and-lime renders and most of them are covered by thick layers of recent paints, making their observation difficult. Renders are often qualified as minor items in the construction field and are not studied much, while external gypsum plaster is still mostly ignored even though there is a renewal for this kind of materials thanks to wider studies on the uses of earth and lime. Gypsum renders, though, have historical and technical values, but are also aesthetically pleasing. Their rich ornamentation carves facades with lights and shadows, colors and textures. The skin of the buildings shapes the urban atmosphere.Our study will explore the rise and fall of external gypsum renders through the analysis of sixty buildings and one hundred facades which have been put into a database and a Geographical Information System (GIS). The studied facades have been built and rendered over three centuries, from the golden age of the seventeenth century to the loss of know-how in the second half of the twentieth century. The period of the industrial revolution is carefully analyzed as the industrial sector experienced drastic changes in the process of making plaster. This fieldwork is completed with historical research based upon the readings of construction treatises, newspapers, invention patents, building cost estimates and building experts’ statements from various centuries. The use of external gypsum renders is analyzed from 1667 until 1980, through the evolution of the extraction, production and execution processes as well as building conception. This report expresses how gypsum plaster was an essential material for construction and slowly became a fragile one, only good to use in decoration and internal works, as its legendary good quality deteriorated and local know-how disappeared
Duclos, Mélanie. "Horizons d'égalité : le combat des biffins parisiens." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC029.
Full textIn several popular neighbourhoods of the Paris region, there are informai markets where the merchants, the biffins, sell used objects found in trash cans. One of these markets constitute the field of this research, in the north of Paris, where some of the merchants, in the early 2000s, mobilized against the restraints put upon them by the authorities and sought to legalize their activity. Taking popular resistances as my object of study, this research started from a surprise : taking into account their extremely precarious conditions, how where they able to find the means to mobilize ? This question quickly lead to another. Through my contact with them and other biffins at the same market, I came to realize the strength that actually inhabit them, and I started rather pursuing the following question : what was already there, in them, in everyday life, before the mobilization, and that this mobilization needed in order to happen ? Their everyday lives show how, far from giving up, they make their condition a challenge to be confronted. The object of study is thus opened up between the public mobilization and the daily struggle : the resistances, their objects, their forms and their objectives. I study the multiple ways in which they struggle daily against the difficulties of the material conditions and the stigmas that threaten to diminish their humanity. In the market place in particular, the biffin economy becomes a battle place for material and symbolic life, in order both to manage and to become - a battle, as they say, to « pull through », while projecting a change of life. The recovery of objects that leaves place for the haphazard that the work market has always refused them, the equal footing of the market barter that tears them away from public and private assistance, the market as a place of intertwined knowledges that lets them appear in their singularity, and the market as a place of laughter and of parody that overturns for a moment the existing order of inequality, are so many ways, among others, that they have to pursue horizons of equality guiding their action. Horizons that are never reached - such is the nature of the horizon - but that are nevertheless pursued, and that open routes that produce effects and that bring to light the immense hopes that drive them and that by far exceed their public expression. One does not say everything in face of power and it is often when they are inaudible that the people of modest means say the most important things
Renaudie, Olivier. "La Préfecture de police." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020013.
Full textMahouche, Bruno. "Les centres de tri de la Poste de la région parisienne : l'évolution des pratiques d'organisation entre contraintes de fonctionnement et logiques sociales (1946-1989)." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082494.
Full textAn analysis of the way sorting offices of the Paris region post office have been organised from 1946 to 1989 allows us to see that organisational changes within this institution have taken on new forms as internal political, social and technical changes have come about. Organisational practices have appeared as the result of interactions between operational constraints, managerial influence and the attitudes of the various sectors involved in the change process. The organisational structures which have evolved clearly show on the one hand that the division of labour and the organisation of the labour force in sorting offices, and professional qualification and working culture of employees depend on political, social and economic contingencies, but also that the changes in the organisation have contributed to a greater level of employee specialism
Géraud, Jean-François. "Des habitations-sucreries aux usines sucrières : la "mise en sucre" de l'île Bourbon, 1783-1848." La Réunion, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02070504/document.
Full textThe introduction of the sugar industry in Bourbon island being a relatively recent phenomenon to have taken place within the natural frontiers of an insular region makes it possible to study the actual sugar production in a manner that differs from the sole macroeconomic approach, and could truly be analysed at factory level. Why has a plant, that up till then had been farmed to produce alcohol, been subsequently used to produce sugar ? What incidence has the lack of a sugar-producing tradition had on technological options ? How has it favoured the development of that industry, tackled the problem of the innovation process, and implemented a local technical model that was to be exported within the region, to the Malayan Straits, and as far as the West Indies and Brazil ? In what way has slavery, on account of its inflexibility, finally impeded the action of the planters turned entrepreneurs whose factories have, from then on, become the "missing link" between the failure of the first abolition (1794-1796) and the success of the second (1848) ?
Guyard, Patricia. "La politique foncière d'une famille d'Ile-de-France, les Mignon (XIVe et XVe siècles)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040093.
Full textThe cartulary of Robert Mignon is made up of 336 texts, dated from 1314 to 1416, concerning the acquiring and holding of fiefs and rents, located mainly in Tremblay-sur-Mauldre, by three members of the mignon family, humble servants of the king. It is a rare example of a private cartulary, lacking of documents related to management or private life; we edited it as an act calendar, with an index and a glossary. This working ground opens numerous paths for researches, among which we have chosen the following. The book, referenced 5j39, is in itself an object of study: its codicological examination shows, on the one hand, that it is a partial but reliable 15th-century copy of a book elaborated by Robert mignon around 1355 from the charter-book of his brother jean, and continued by his son Michel. On the other hand, its structure reveals that to the three writers correspond three different land policies. Jean, clerk and master at the Chambre des Comptes, acquires a great share of the soil between 1314 and 1343. Starting with this patrimony, which he inherited, and adding his own between 1343 and 1360, his brother Robert, clerk at the same Chambre, founds a college and compiles a first cartulary. Finally, Michel, notary clerk of the king between 1364 and 1411, is able, despite many difficulties (incomes and goods collapsed, goods that were sold in 1355 to finance his uncle's college were taken back late, conflict with his head lord) is able to restructure the whole into a seigneury. With the contents of the book, the study of several juridical and land aspects, helped in this by other sources, can be considered. If a compilation of rights concerning the holding of fiefs has been given a specific importance, various fields have been examined: land and professional financial circulation, exploitation of the soil goods with "contractor" replacing vassal, social status of the landowners, buyer or seller by destitution or personal policy, the use of laws and customs in management and conflicts, the role played by witnesses and prosecutors in transactions. What emerges is a highly-contrasted society in which the control of laws, money, men and structures allows the settling, safeguarding or reinforcing of the social status and land patrimony, even during the turmoil of the 14th century
Guéret-Laferté, Förstel Judith. "L'image de Paris et de l'Île-de-France au Moyen Âge : (fin XIIe-début XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H078.
Full textThis research deals with the identity of the Paris region in the Middle Ages, as shown off by 212 texts, written between 1175 and 1530. This region was usually called "France": this word obviously has various meanings, which we had to precise. The territory was quite accurately described by medieval authors. Of course, they focused on the town of Paris, but they also realized that the city and its neighborhood were deeply complementary. The main specificity of this region is its link with the royal power. We tried to analyze it within a more restricted corpus: the biographies of three kings of France, Philip Augustus, Saint Louis and Charles V, who made Paris their capital and ordered a lot of buildings in Île-de-France
Dumas-Morel, Claire. "La politique de la municipalité de Versailles : 1875-1919." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040123.
Full textThe evolution of the royal city, as well as its modernization, is well perceptible during this half-century demarcated by two wars. The borough councils must resolve several dilemmas. Versailles, the Seine-and-Oise prefecture, is hardly fifteen kilometers far from Paris. It wants to keep its character of a residential suburb, and upper-middle-class, without becoming a dormitory town. Close and different, such could be its slogan. The municipality wines the guess growing while keeping her originality. Development of peripheral districts is growing about 1890. Public buildings are renovated. Several forms are opened and the town-hall is completely rebuilt in 1900. Equal budgets make possible these necessary public works. The district center is reconsidered in order to become more beautiful by keeping its fancy buildings. The people-growing is low but unceasing. The garrison is representing a substantial contribution of people although regiments are sometimes remaining less three years. The city is neither agricultural nor industrial. Some workshops, shopkeepers, cannot be enough for the place wealth. Pensioned people, investors and leading-citizens are guarantying the future. All of them enjoy festivals. Receptions recall the splendors of the past and symbolize the diplomatic and cultural functions of the present city
Pô, Jean-Damien. "La Direction des Applications militaires du Commissariat à l'Énergie atomique, 1958-2000 : un complexe militaro-scientifique au cœur de l'indépendance stratégique nationale." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010583.
Full textVoituret, Denis. "Images des loisirs de plein air dans la Réunion coloniale : le genre des pratiques, 1860-1940." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_09-voituret.pdf.
Full textModem outdoor leisure activities appeared simultaneously in Reunion Island and in Europe, in the XIXth century. A British model dictated the habits of a privileged social minority. The colony of Reunion, where informal sociability rules over practices, didn't really have clubs and societies. Written primary sources give a limited vision of the colony's outdoor leisures in which the women seem invisibles. Photographs reflect another reality, in wich genders appear. Images here are not only primary sources but, above all, a unique corpus, testimony of leisures' reality. History, which undeniably involves both men and women, was in colonial Reunion recorded by women too, photographing and practising. Outdoor practices, such as cycling, croquet and lawn tennis were first confined to gardens, then reached the town for river baths, extended to the sea-side and invested mountains and highlands spas for the major activities of colonial tourism, hiking, motorized excursions or mountain climbing
Nabias, Laurent. "« Pour lui aider à soustenir son estat » : alliances, fiefs, réseaux, clientèles et partis dans l’ancienne noblesse d’Île-de-France de Philippe Auguste à Charles VII (1180-1437)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100170.
Full textThis thesis consists in the study of the strategies of resistance and adaptation of topographic lineages made up by successions of chalk-linings of the former nobility from the Île-de-France region on same seigniorial centers of power, facing the so-called crisis peerage-book of 14th and 15th centuries. It is a question of showing that the concept of crisis peerage-book should not be applied to the whole of the nobility from the Île-de-France region, since some topographic lineages old cross the period without damage. The investigation counts and questions the means and resources used by these old noble which survive. The related alliances and matrimonial strategies are approached. The organization of the continuity of the exploitation of their strongholds is examined, showing signs of crispation and reactivation of the feudal system in reaction to the economic difficulties related to the Hundred Year War. A prosopographical database is presented and a typology of individual relations is proposed to then nourish a methodology of network analysis of the relationships, networks of affiliations at the royal princely institutions, or of membership of customers or parties. How did these old noble benefit from the clients installation by the Princes? How did they take part in the various parties which were opposed during the Hundred Year War? Lastly, the culture of the nobility is studied through its participation in the life curiale the Largeones, its brands of devotion and its relations with its ancestors. Wasn't the feeling of appartenance of the former nobility from the Île-de-France region to the same proud group of its origins finally the main reason of their subsistence?
Ramakavelo, Désiré. "Les actions politico-militaires de François de Mahy dans la conquête de Madagascar." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010253.
Full textFrançois de Mahy, deputy for La Reunion from 1871 to 1906, devoted his 35 years of political career entirely to one main target, i-e, the annexation of Madagascar. After their island was conquered in 1810 by England, the politicians in La Reunion, lost their French citizenship. How they considered Madagascar as an essential factor in order to presence their political independence in that geographical area. As provisional minister for the navy and for the colonies, François de Mahy decided to send Admiral Pierre to military expedition. That affected France’s policy in Europe. The French government wanted to avoid any risk for France to become isolated in Europe, and so, preferred to keep the statu quo in Madagascar by recognizing the Malagasy queen's authority on the whole territory, not considering the expenses caused by the 1883 and 1895 expeditions. So, the conquest of Madagascar is an example for totally opposed policies : on the one hand, François de Mahy policy trying to make the great island a French colony, on the other hand, Rainilaiarivony's policy known as the territorial unification of the country, which is the necessary condition for the independence and the national sovereignty
Rouet, Marion. "Les potagers aristocratiques et royaux en Ile-de-France : (fin XVIIe - fin XVIIIe siècle)." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131012.
Full textVegetables gardens of royal properties and aristocratic houses are gardens which are thought to be essential in the Ile-de-France region as they filled the owners’ table with fruits and vegetables all the year round. They were the witnesses of a change of mentality which took place within the French society during the Ancien Régime between the end of the seventeenth century and the end of the eighteenth century. A the end of the studied period, this garden, which was a source of well-being combining physical exercise and intellectual thought, became the symbol of the nobility’s decline, in particular through the luxurious and unnatural production of early fruit and vegetables. Gardeners and their labour forces thus played an essential role, bearing in mind the equipments and the tools at their disposal. The expertises developed thanks to scientific research (botany) combined with technical progresses. Hothouses became indispensable at the end of the eighteenth century and enabled to grow exotic plants. The fruit and edible cultivations tried to satisfy the demands of the lords of the places as far as beauty and taste (texture and flavour) were concerned in order to be thus distinguished from peasants’ gardens. The notion of aesthetic can be indeed found in the line of the garden, which does not exclude the walk, but it can also be found in the behaviour of fruit trees, which cover the walls and adorn the gardens. The beauty of the fruit also comes into play in both the garden and the plate. The vegetable garden is thus a full-fledged garden, in close connection with the house, even if it is sometimes controversial. It is subject to fashion and it has quite rightly a place within the general arrangement of parks. This study is based on examples from Versailles, Trianon, Fontainebleau, Compiègne, Meudon, Bellevue, Choisy, Sceaux, Chantilly, La Roche Guyon, L'Isle Adam, Pontchartrain, Chamarande and Méréville
Marimoutou, Jean-Claude Carpanin. "Le roman réunionnais,une problématique du même et de l'autre. Essai sur la poétique du texte romanesque en situation de diglossie." Montpellier 3, 1990. https://pui.univ-reunion.fr/fileadmin/Fichiers/PUI/Reeditions/Marimoutou-These-Tome1.pdf.
Full textThe Reunionan novel is characterized by the fact that it is brought forth in a diglossic situation. It is therefore dependent on a language and a literarity which are prevailing and from which it must positioned itself to be recognized. From the story of the travel which builds up the island's imaginery, the Reunionan novel rises in the confrontation and the dialogue opposing the imagery and the speech relative to those of the exote. Consequently the Reunionan novel, though of this situation is a novel about the questioning identity. The colonial novel is opposed to the exotic tale, and the contemporary novel is opposed to the colonial one. In this debate the Creole language gives forms came from literacy. These forms build up a specific literarity, in the French-speaking text (in a subterranean way), and the Creole text (in a more perceptible way). The Creole anthropolinguistic reality is in the whole narrative and textual texture; the Reunionan novel programs therefore a privileged reader: the native reader. The Reunionan novel appears then like a totality whose stakes are those of identity as staged in the forms of saying, in a difficult relation with the languages that build the representation of the insular world
Lucas, Raoul. "La mise en place de l'école dans une société esclavagiste puis coloniale : La Réunion 1815-1946." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080923.
Full textEducation is socialization and has a prominent part in our society. The link between education and society seems to be complex, yet resorting to historical perspective offers some clarification on the issue. Access to this perspective involves the scrutiny of both historical and social factors in order to understand the educational setting in a populating colony (both with and without slavery) in reunion, or ile bourbon as it was then known, from 1815 to 1946. In conclusion, to examine the educational setting in the colony it is necessary to examine the dynamic evolution of the reunionnais society
Jean-Baptiste, Fabienne. "Feuilletons et Histoire. Idées et opinions des élites de Bourbon et de Maurice dans la presse de 1817 à 1848." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634385.
Full textScioldo-Zürcher, Yann. "Devenir métropolitain : politique d'intégration et parcours de rapatriés d'Algérie en métropole (1954-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0125.
Full textThis study takes up the history of the French repatriated settlers from Algeria, between 1954 and 2005. Adopting the social history point of view, it brings to light the way the Algerian born French have built their migratory project. In particular, it surveys their appreciating of the Algerian independence war and the way it was a source of distress for them. In the second part, we move on to the social regulations the State set up in order to welcome, integrate and pacify the repatriates. Beside the investigation of 400 laws, the study compares the social and professional routes of 10500 repatriates who settled in the Seine and Puy-de-Dôme departments. It also analyses how administrative rules, aiming specifically at integrating the repatriates, were created ex-nihilo. Eventually, the third part shows how these French people became "pied-noirs", and how the State evolved from compensation policies during the 1970s, toward the idea of a moral redress on behalf of the nation
Hallier-Nader, Brigitte. "Les territoires de vie des 75 ans et plus à Paris : quel environnement urbain pour une qualité de vie durable ?" Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693313.
Full textGarot, Edith. "Dynamique de la diversité génétique en milieu insulaire : structuration génétique, histoire démographique et adaptation locale d’un arbre endémique (Coffea mauritiana Lam.) de La Réunion." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG076.
Full textOceanic islands provide exceptional settings for studies of evolutionary processes. Due to their geographic isolation and their habitat diversity, they are privileged places for speciation and local adaptation in species. Several evolutionary forces linked with the establishment of the species on the island, the dispersal abilities of the species and the environmental constraints have likely shaped the patterns of genetic diversity in endemic species. However, few studies provide a global overview on the patterns of genetic diversity in insular species. In the present thesis, population structure, demographic history and local adaptation of a tropical tree (Coffea mauritiana Lam.), endemic to Reunion Island, were investigated to provide a global picture of genetic differentiation in this species. Analyses combining population genomics, ecological niche modelling, gene expression and phenotyping morphological and biochemical traits of leaves were performed. The genetic diversity of C. mauritiana was mostly structured according to population sites, with further grouping in regional groups. The geographic distance and the heterogeneity of rainfall patterns were the main factors involved in population divergences. A reduction in C. mauritiana population members was associated with the climatic changes of the last glaciation. This reduction was followed by a recent expansion, likely associated with the establishment of the species on the western coast of the island. This recent expansion coupled at the allogamous breeding system of the species could have favored genetic diversity in C. mauritiana. A significant differentiation in leaf morphological traits was highlighted among populations, but this differentiation was not correlated with climatic factors. Otherwise, variations in the biochemical composition of cuticular waxes in leaves, involving changes in alkane proportions, were most likely involved in processes of local adaptation. Results from this work improve the current knowledge of Reunion Island endemic species and further the understanding on the genetic basis of local adaptation in these species. This information will contribute to the improvement of in situ conservation of species in a climatic change context
Lambert, Olivier. "Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Full textBassieres, Laurence. "Un inventaire architectural et urbain pour le premier Grand Paris : le casier archéologique et artistique de Paris et du département de la Seine, 1916-1928." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG009.
Full textNo more than the Grand Paris today in the making, the first and ephemeral Grand Paris which was envisioned during the years 1910-1920 did not seem to place protection of heritage among its priorities. However, an attempt in that direction was clearly made. The ambition to act according to ideas which at the time, were still far from being called Heritage Urbanism’s principles, brought upon the creation of an original Urbanism tool, half a century before the Malraux’s laws were voted : the “Casier archéologique et artistique of Paris and the Seine’s department.”This architectural and urban inventory, established between 1916 and 1928, was studied with a double focus. The first was to place the Casier archéologique – an object that now seems isolated – back into the Grand Paris’s perspective in which it had been designed for, recalling its articulation with policy-making underway at the time on urbanism and heritage, as well as the multidisciplinarity of its constitution. The second was to retrace the evolution of the Casier archéologique’s elaboration, from its creation as an innovative tool of Heritage Urbanism, to its transformation as an inventory with a more classic format, but on Grand Paris’s scale
Mayer, Jouanjean Isabelle. "L'île de La Réunion sous l'œil du cyclone au XXème siècle. Histoire, Société, et catastrophe Naturelle." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780487.
Full textFageol, Pierre-Éric. "Le sentiment d'appartenance et de représentation nationale à La Réunion (1880-1950)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0021.
Full textThe feeling of national membership among the Reunionese population seems to be a regular fact in the colony history and has never been really questioned. This work confirms its strength in the period in study, and more particularly during the colonial and world conflicts. But it also shows that this support includes the conscience of a singular feeling, which is not only the consequence of geography, but also of history. This subject allows us to mix a social historical approach with a historical representation approach on a coherent colonial period, which goes from the beginning of the Third Republic up to the region establishment. By suggesting to « denationalise the national » through a study dealing with the identity principles in a colonial situation, we mean to focus on the particular acculturation processes in a colonial period and the interconnection of colonial territories (Mauritius, Madagascar) in defining a constructing feeling of membership. The first part deals with the feeling of membership in a colonial period and tries to analyse what is at stake in the research methods. The second part studies the links between colonialism and the feeling of national membership and focuses on Reunionese imperialism as a trigger to a recognition shared by the rest of the Nation. The third part takes into account the different signs of patriotism and their influence on the definition of what a feeling of national membership is about. Finally, the fourth part focuses on the triggers of national acculturation while taking into account the role of school, church, and the army in the building up of a typical Reunionese national membership feeling, shared by the elite which mainly benefited from the quest of a recognition from the Nation
Bartolain-Tolède, Marlène. "Le double éclairage français et allemand de Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué (1814-1854) sur la société coloniale à Bourbon." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0024.
Full textGustave Oelsner-Monmerqué's work unearthed by us and presented in our doctoral thesis offers a double – French and German – vision of colonial society in Bourbon (now Reunion) Island in the early 1840s. This study begins with a detailed reconstitution of Oelsner-Monmerqué's life, then focuses on his abolitionist stance and actions as editor of the Feuille hebdomadaire de l'Ile Bourbon [Bourbon Island Weekly] and philosophy teacher at and principal of the Collège royal de Bourbon high school. Oelsner-Monmerqué pursued his abolitionist activism in Germany through literary channels: a novel, press articles andconferences. By publishing Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon [Blacks and Whites. Sketches of Bourbon] in a country which had no slaves, the author meant to contribute to their quicker and more complete emancipation. His descriptions of illegal slave trade and slave life in Bourbon Island's society have a realistic, expressive touch made possible by the use of an innovative literary genre, the sketch. A cross-boundary testimony, this work can be regardedas Bourbon Island's first abolitionist novel
Lagarde, Benjamin. "Réunion maloya : La créolisation réunionnaise telle qu'entendue depuis sa musique traditionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3118.
Full textWhereas a reflexive chapter, focused on the progressive immersion we realised among the actors of possessions cults from afro-malagasy origins living in Reunion Island, had been primarly thought to join this thesis, the main effort consists here in the documentation of the maloya. Effectively, an overlook to what's been said of this traditionnal music requiered such a missing work attached to an element recently inscribed on the UNESCO patrimonial list. Resuming the available knowledge about the maloya, which is considered since the early moment of the colonization as the reunionese « Black music », the purpose was to reach the modern era and then underlying the importance of this esthetical practice in the definition of what could be called, under certain conditions, this « kréol identity ». The post-colonial role that played maloya during the years 1960-1970 appears newly as we emphasize his historical implications. We've also been able to relocate the common point of vue already existing of the maloya in scientifical field as well as on the public scene from the musicians and their cultual significations. Analyzing, for example, his four distincts repertories, we open to an original understanding of the past and the present of a creolized culture that had always took music as a fundement of its existence. This work makes also possible the reflexion about the place of the « Kaf » (Reunionneses of black origins) in this cultural construction, and maybe, the one of the afro-descendents and their so-called « black music » in the invention of our new globalized world
Bornet, Anaïs. "Le château de Choisy-le-Roi au XVIIIe siècle : architecture, vie sociale, administration." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL008.
Full textToday disappeared, the castel of Choisy-le-Roi remains as a symbol of the Louis XV and Mme de Pompadour’s expensive whims, idea spread by the 18th and 19th centuries literature. However, Choisy has an important part in the history of the programs architecture set up for the needs for the life of court of the second half of the 18th century. Close to the forest of Sénart, the castel becomes at first a friendly residence where finds itself, after the hunting trips, a " particular court ", made up of the king ’s close friends. Louis XV invites later to Choisy his children, to whom he dedicates short stays in a informal settings. The numerous entourage attached to their service transforms this space previously "private", and makes it more accessible to the courtiers. This increase of the company produces many construction works by the architect Ange-Jacques Gabriel. As a result of this loss of "intimacy", other intimate places are then fitted out; so, the Petit-Château, the first detached house of Louis XV, is built. It is where takes place the table « volante ». Through the study of the royal domain, we also notice the daily functioning of the castel, where live numerous employees attached to the administration des Bâtiments du roi. The field works is coordinated by a controller des Bâtiments, from whom letters exchanged with the Director of the administration give valued informations on management and staff. So, the castel of Choisy appears as a major part for the understanding of the court and the sociability of Louis XV
BRIXIUS, Dorit. "French empire on the ground : plants, peoples, and knowledge in the service of eighteenth-century Isle de France." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/47924.
Full textExamining Board: Prof Stéphane Van Damme, European University Institute; Prof Regina Grafe, European University Institute; Prof Lissa Roberts, University of Twente; Dr Sujit Sivasundaram, University of Cambridge
This dissertation examines the globally connected project of plant accumulation on Isle de France in the second half of the eighteenth century, focusing distinctly on the roles and activities of local actors embedded within wider Indo-Pacific networks and environments. Exploring the collection, transfer, and use of plants for subsistence and commerce as localised histories of the plant-related undertakings of a French island colony in the Indian Ocean, this dissertation asks what 'science' and 'empire' meant at a local level. Relying on an in-depth analysis of the plant-based projects of the island 'from below', it raises localised approaches to the transfer, production and practices of plant knowledge and plant material from a crosscultural perspective. Here, a bottom-up approach tells a very different story than a top-down one would: the whole botanical enterprise was fragile, experiential and significantly shaped by environmental conditions. Above all, it was built on collaboration between French actors and local populations from Africa to Asia. To tackle, juxtapose, and understand the possibilities and limits of the French actors and to look at plant knowledge as a nuanced localised knowledge-practice conducted by non-elite and elite actors in the Indo-Pacific worlds, this project couples approaches from the history of science and empire, oceanic history, environmental history, economic history, and global history. For this purpose, each chapter explores plant-related themes from different perspectives, arguing for the uncertainty of the cross-cultural botanical project of eighteenthcentury Isle de France. For one, the Isle de France project was built extensively on the contribution of widely neglected actors, such as slaves, indigenous informants, and gobetweens. For another, the island’s cultivational activities consisted of strongly experiential dynamics of local knowledge deriving from and produced in the Indo-Pacific context. The major aim of this dissertation is to re-assess the French botanical project in the Indian Ocean in order to understand the social, cultural, and natural complexities of plant-based knowledge production as a practice with respect to their local sites in both the Indo-Pacific worlds and the French colonial island as such.
Chapter 5 ‘Invisible empire : the spice quests in the Indo-Pacific (1748-1773)' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'A pepper acquiring nutmeg : Pierre Poivre, the French spice quests and the role of mediators in Southeast Asia, 1740s to 1770s' (2015) in the journal ‘Journal of the Western society for French history’
Lavoie, Alex. "Les chartes de donations en Île-de-France au XIIe siècle : les exemples de l'abbaye Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre et du prieuré Saint-Martin-des-Champs." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22030.
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