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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ikiry? Ikiryo

Academic literature on the topic 'Ikiry? Ikiryo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ikiry? Ikiryo"

1

Dekojová, Tereza, Lucie Houdová, Jiří Fatka, Pavel Pitule, Pavel Ostašov, Valentina S. Caputo, Hana Gmucová, Daniel Lysák, Pavel Jindra, and Monika Holubová. "Dynamic Changes of Inhibitory Killer-Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors on NK Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Initial Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113502.

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Killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are critical natural killer (NK) cell regulators. The expression of KIRs is a dynamic process influenced by many factors. Their ligands—HLA(Human Leukocyte Antigen) class I molecules—are expressed on all nucleated cells that keep NK cells under control. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), NK cells play an essential role in relapse protection. In the presented pilot study, we characterized the dynamic expression of inhibitory KIRS (iKIRs), which protect cells against untoward lysis, in donors and patients during the first three months after HSCT using flow cytometry. The expression of all iKIRs was highly variable and sometimes correlated with patients’ clinical presentation and therapy regiment. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) in the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention protocol downregulated KIR2DL1 to just 25% of the original donor value, and the FEAM (Fludarabine + Etoposid + Ara-C + Melphalan) conditioning protocol reduced KIR2DL3. In lymphoid neoplasms, there was a slightly increased KIR2DL3 expression compared to myeloid malignancies. Additionally, we showed that the ex vivo activation of NK cells did not alter the level of iKIRs. Our study shows the influence of pre- and post-transplantation protocols on iKIR expression on the surface of NK cells and the importance of monitoring their cell surface.

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2

Banerjee, A. K. "Ikiru." BMJ 343, no. 02 3 (November 2, 2011): d6993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6993.

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3

Kozyra, Agnieszka. "„Duchy osób żyjących” (ikiryō) jako treści nieświadomości w Kafce nad morzem Murakamiego Harukiego." Porównania 18 (November 1, 2016): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/p.2016.18.10589.

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Autorka analizuje motyw ikiryō, czyli ducha osoby żyjącej w powieściKafka nad morzem Murakamiego Harukiego starając się udowodnić, że odpowiada on różnym rodzajom treści nieświadomości zgodnie z psychoanalityczną typologią Gustava Junga. Motyw ikiryō występuje w mitologii i folklorze Japonii, a według Junga, baśnie, legendy czy mity wyrażają ekspresję psychicznych procesów nieświadomości zbiorowej i wraz z ideami religijnymi dostarczają symboli, z pomocą których treść nieświadomości może być skanalizowana do świadomości, a następnie zinterpretowana i zintegrowana. Autorka wykazuje, że ikiryō w powieści Murakamiego jest wieloznacznym pojęciem – stanowi bowiem zarówno archetyp Cienia, jak i wyparte traumatyczne treści nieświadomości indywidualnej. Murakami na przykładzie swojego bohatera, Kafki, ukazuje, że bez integracji tych treści nie jest możliwe funkcjonowanie silnej i odpowiedzialnej osobowości. Ikiryō są także związane z archetypem Cienia jako złem absolutnym, które nie jest abstrakcyjnym pojęciem, ale energią psychiczną związaną ze sferą emocji. Energia ta nie jest pod kontrolą podmiotowej świadomości, ale posiada pewną autonomię. Brak woli człowieka, by przeciwstawić się złu, które jest w nim samym, zostało najpełniej przejawione w archetypowym obrazie Cienia jako ikiryō, czyli duchu osoby żyjącej, nad którym jej ego nie ma żadnej kontroli.

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4

Dalva, Klara, Funda Gungor, Ender Soydan Akcaglayan, and Meral Beksac. "Two Independent Effects of Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Allele Matching between Siblings: Inhibitory KIR (iKIR) Mismatches Are Associated with Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) While Activatory KIR Matches (aKIR) and cGVHD Are Associated with Graft Versus Leukemia (GVL)." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2912.2912.

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Abstract Background: Activatory KIR receptors are observed less frequently than inhibitory KIRs (iKIR). Although the role of donor iKIRs and recipient ligands have been analyzed extensively, the effect of mismatches(mm) at aKIR or iKIR between donors(D) and recipients (R) have been addressed in only two studies (Gagne, Hum Immunol.2002 and Verheyden, Leukemia 2005 ): an aGVHD inducing effect of aKIR mm between unrelated donors and a protective effect of aKIRs: 2DS1 and 2DS2 against relapse were reported. The evaluation of other factors ie GVHD on GVL (related transplants) or GVL effects(MUD study) were lacking in these studies. Aim: In this prospective study we aimed to analyze the role of both D and R iKIR, aKIR and KIR-ligand match/mismatches on OS and DFS and made a multivariate comparison of all factors effecting outcome. Methods: A total of 79 patients with a median age of 34 (M/F: 42/37, AML/CML: 37/33, PBSCT/BMT: 59/20, sex mm: 49 %, ablative/nonablative conditioning: 63/16, BuCy: 72 %) transplanted from their HLA matched siblings. All D and R were typed for KIR genes (2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, 2DL4, 2DL5a, 2DL5b, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL2, 3DS1) using the KIR Genotyping SSP Kit (Pel-Freeze, Dynal Biotech, USA). The frequency of GVHD was acute:44/76, chronic: 54/74. Statistical analysis were done using the SPSS 13.0 for Windows. The frequency of relapse in relation to m/mm at iKIR or aKIR alleles are summarized in table 1. Results: Overall KIR mm was observed in 75% of R-D pairs. 37 pairs had mm at the six iKIR loci (33% 2DL5a), 57 pairs had mm at the seven aKIR loci. The analysis on D iKIR/aKIR and the relevant R-ligand m/mm didnot reveal any effect on the frequency of GVHD or DFS. However when we compared the R and D KIR genotypes we were able to show a correlation between cGVHD and m vs mm at iKIR (62.5% vs 85%, p=0.041) and aGVHD ( 50% vs 67%) but not aKIR. The effect of aKIR mm was not influenced by stem cell source or diagnosis. Among the aKIR only 2DS5 and 3DS1, alone (20/30, 17/25 ) or together(16/21), resulted with more frequent aGVHD than pairs with other aKIRs (23/45). GVHD was associated with a decrease (aGVHD: p=0.032) or increase (cGVHD: p=0.076) in survival. cGVHD resulted with a decrease in relapse rate(−): 11/20 vs (+): 9/54: p=0.001). aKIRm was associated with an increase on DFS (p:0,031). Factors, other than KIR, known to influence outcome ie stem cell source, sex mismatch, conditioning regimen, disease type were analyzed in the multiple logistic regression and did not reveal any significant results. Conclusion: This study material enabled us to minimize the effect of HLA but PBSCT being the major source of stem cells potentiated the role of alloreactive T cells and cGVHD. Although only two of the donor aKIRs, 3DS1 and/or 2DS5 were associated with aGVHD, D-R match between all aKIR and cGVHD exerted a protective effect against relapse(0/15). Mismatching for iKIR was also associated with GVHD but GvL wasnot independent of GVHD. Thus, we may conclude that D-R aKIR, iKIR genotyping may help to predict GvL in related transplants. Frequency of relapse Stem Cell source aGVHD cGVHD PB n=59 BM n=20 (+) n=44 (−) n=32 (+) n=54 (−) n=20 aKIR m n=25 2/17 1/8 2/12 1/11 0/15 3/7 aKIR mm n=54 13/42 6/12 12/32 7/21 9/39 8/13 iKIR m n=44 10/31 4/13 8/21 6/21 4/25 9/15 iKIR mm n=35 5/28 3/7 6/23 2/11 5/29 2/5

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Kurosawa, Akira. "Ikiru [“To Live”]." Academic Medicine 76, no. 5 (May 2001): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200105000-00014.

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Young-Mason, Jeanine. "Revisiting Kurosawaʼs Ikiru." Clinical Nurse Specialist 18, no. 1 (January 2004): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002800-200401000-00009.

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Sun, J. Y., A. Dagis, M. M. Miller, J. Longmate, R. Rodriguez, L. Gaidulis, S. J. Forman, and D. David. "Incompatible Inhibitory KIR Ligands Contribute To Lower Survival Rates in Leukemia Patients Receiving T-Replete Hematopoietic Cell Transplants (HCTs)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2054.2054.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are becoming increasingly recognized as an important part of the immune system. Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are the major form of receptors used by human NK cells. KIRs transmit either inhibitory or activating signals regulating NK cell activity. Some inhibitory KIRs specifically recognize HLA-A, B or -Cw allotypes on target cells. Thus differences in inhibitory ligand (iKIRL) phenotypes between donors and patients could result in NK cell alloreactivity that further results in different HCT outcomes. To test this hypothesis, the present study evaluated 362 patients with either ALL (99), AML/MDS (141), or CML (122). The patients were transplanted (1996~2003) with T-replete bone marrow, or peripheral blood stem cells from unrelated donors. High resolution HLA typing with DNA-based methods had been prospectively performed for donor selection. The KIR genes of patients and donors were retrospectively typed by a multiplex PCR-SSP method. The cohort was divided into three groups by the HLA and KIR profiles: 247 cases with matched HLA at the antigen level of HLA-A, B, Cw, DRB1, and DQB1 (MH), 64 with mismatched HLA (mMH) and 51 with mMH plus mismatched iKIRL (mMH+miKIRL). A significantly different rate (P=0.009) of estimated one year overall survival was found between the MH (61%, 95%CI 55–67%), the mMH (46%, 34–59%), and the mMH+miKIRL (29%, 18–43%) groups. When analyzing the event free survival, a similar difference (P=0.003) was observed between the MH (57%, 51–63%), the mMH (43%, 32–56%) and the mMH+miKIRL (25%, 15–39%) groups. Further analysis demonstrated a different rate (P=0.02) of relapse between the MH (two-year estimation: 21%, 16–28%), the mMH (16%, 7–31%), and the mMH+miKIRL (36% 18–58%) groups. That the MH group experienced more relapses than the mMH is consistent with the GvL effect. The mMH+miKIRL group experienced the most relapses implied miKIRL undermine the GvL effect. We also tested the influence of lacking iKIRL in patients within the MH group, and found a significant survival difference (P=0.05) among the patients lacking two iKIRLs (n=67, 54% 42%–65%), one iKIRL (n=104, 59% 49%–68%), or none (n=76, 70% 58%–79%). This finding contrasts with the previously reported beneficial role of potential NK cell alloreactivity in T-depleted HCT. Additional studies are required to resolve these issues.

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Handgretinger, Rupert, Peter Lang, and Maya C. André. "Exploitation of natural killer cells for the treatment of acute leukemia." Blood 127, no. 26 (June 30, 2016): 3341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-12-629055.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in surveillance and elimination of malignant cells. Their spontaneous cytotoxicity was first demonstrated in vitro against leukemia cell lines, and NK cells might play a crucial role in the therapy of leukemia. NK cell activity is controlled by an array of germ line–encoded activating and inhibitory receptors, as well as modulating coreceptors. This biologic feature can be exploited in allogeneic cell therapy, and the recognition of “missing-self” on target cells is crucial for promoting NK cell–mediated graft-versus-leukemia effects. In this regard, NK cells that express an inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (iKIR) for which the respective major histocompatibility complex class I ligand is absent on leukemic target cells can exert alloreactivity in vitro and in vivo. Several models regarding potential donor–patient constellations have been described that have demonstrated the clinical benefit of such alloreactivity of the donor-derived NK cell system in patients with adult acute myeloid leukemia and pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, adoptive transfer of mature allogeneic NK cells in the nontransplant or transplant setting has been shown to be safe and feasible, whereas its effectivity needs further evaluation. NK cell therapy can be further improved by optimal donor selection based on phenotypic and genotypic properties, by adoptive transfer of NK cells with ex vivo or in vivo cytokine stimulation, by the use of antibodies to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or to block iKIRs, or by transduction of chimeric antigen receptors.

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Ma, Yu-Ping, Jinjuan Cui, Hui-Juan Hu, and Zhuo-Hua Pan. "Mammalian Retinal Bipolar Cells Express Inwardly Rectifying K+ Currents (IKir) With a Different Distribution Than That of Ih." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 5 (November 2003): 3479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00426.2003.

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Retinal bipolar cells comprise multiple subtypes that are well known for the diversity of their physiological properties. We investigated the properties and functional roles of the hyperpolarization-activated currents in mammalian retinal bipolar cells using whole cell patch-clamp recording techniques. We report that bipolar cells express inwardly rectifying K+ currents ( IKir) in addition to the hyperpolarization-activated cationic currents ( Ih) previously reported. Furthermore, these two currents are differentially expressed among different subtypes of bipolar cells. One group of cone bipolar cells in particular displayed mainly IKir. A second group of cone bipolar cells displayed both currents but with a much larger Ih. Rod bipolar cells, on the other hand, showed primarily Ih. Moreover, we showed that IKir and Ih differentially influence the voltage responses of bipolar cells: Ih facilitates and/or accelerates the membrane potential rebound, whereas IKir counteracts or prevents such rebound. The findings of the expression of IKir and the differential expression of Ih and IKir in bipolar cells may provide new insights into an understanding of the physiological properties of bipolar cells.

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Amarillo, Yimy, Angela I. Tissone, Germán Mato, and Marcela S. Nadal. "Inward rectifier potassium current IKir promotes intrinsic pacemaker activity of thalamocortical neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 2358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00867.2017.

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Slow repetitive burst firing by hyperpolarized thalamocortical (TC) neurons correlates with global slow rhythms (<4 Hz), which are the physiological oscillations during non-rapid eye movement sleep or pathological oscillations during idiopathic epilepsy. The pacemaker activity of TC neurons depends on the expression of several subthreshold conductances, which are modulated in a behaviorally dependent manner. Here we show that upregulation of the small and neglected inward rectifier potassium current IKir induces repetitive burst firing at slow and delta frequency bands. We demonstrate this in mouse TC neurons in brain slices by manipulating the Kir maximum conductance with dynamic clamp. We also performed a thorough theoretical analysis that explains how the unique properties of IKir enable this current to induce slow periodic bursting in TC neurons. We describe a new ionic mechanism based on the voltage- and time-dependent interaction of IKir and hyperpolarization-activated cationic current Ih that endows TC neurons with the ability to oscillate spontaneously at very low frequencies, even below 0.5 Hz. Bifurcation analysis of conductance-based models of increasing complexity demonstrates that IKir induces bistability of the membrane potential at the same time that it induces sustained oscillations in combination with Ih and increases the robustness of low threshold-activated calcium current IT-mediated oscillations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The strong inwardly rectifying potassium current IKir of thalamocortical neurons displays a region of negative slope conductance in the current-voltage relationship that generates potassium currents activated by hyperpolarization. Bifurcation analysis shows that IKir induces bistability of the membrane potential; generates sustained subthreshold oscillations by interacting with the hyperpolarization-activated cationic current Ih; and increases the robustness of oscillations mediated by the low threshold-activated calcium current IT. Upregulation of IKir in thalamocortical neurons induces repetitive burst firing at slow and delta frequency bands (<4 Hz).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ikiry? Ikiryo"

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Shimada, Naho. "'Zest for living' (ikiru chikara) in Japanese schools : critical analysis of the key concept underlying the education reform 2002 /." Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars555.pdf.

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Fahlén, Lucas. "Tokyo, stad av speglar : En kvalitativ analys av bakgrundskaraktärers roll i stadsskildringar på film." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Bildproduktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36336.

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Analysen visar hur tre olika filmer representerar staden Tokyos stadsliv. Hur deras representation skiljer sig från varandra, och hur de är lika varandra. Två scener har valts ut från varje film. Fokus är att se vilken roll stadslivet spelar i filmerna men också för att analysera stadslivet. Bakgrundskaraktärerna har en central roll, hur de agerar och vilken mening de har i skildringen. Resultatet visar att bakgrundskaraktärerna är en väsentlig del av stadsbildningen, vilket i sin tur används som en spegling av huvudkaraktärernas känslor och mentala tillstånd.

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Books on the topic "Ikiry? Ikiryo"

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Ikiru ronri ikiru rinri. Kyōto-shi: Kyōto Daigaku Gakujutsu Shuppankai, 1999.

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2

Otokawa, Yūzaburō. Ikiru. Tōkyō: Bungei Shunjū, 2002.

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Ikiru. Tōkyō: Shōgakkan, 2001.

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Ikiru. Tōkyō: Rokkingu On, 2007.

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Tei, Fujiwara. Ikiru. Toyama-shi: Toyama-ken Kyōiku Iinkai, 1988.

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Hosaka, Kazushi. Ikiru yorokobi. Tōkyō: Shinchōsha, 2000.

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"Ikiru" shinrigaku. Tōkyō: Kaneko Shobō, 1985.

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1919-, Kaneko Tōta, ed. Tappuri ikiru. Tōkyō: Kadokawa Gakugei Shuppan, 2010.

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Ikiru hinto. Tōkyō: Kadokawa Shoten, 1994.

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Nakano, Kōji. Massugu ikiru. Tōkyō: Shunjusha, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ikiry? Ikiryo"

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MacAllister, James. "Education in and Through Ikiru: From Mu to MacIntyre." In East Asian Pedagogies, 149–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45673-3_10.

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Greenberg, Jeff, and Alisabeth Ayars. "A Terror Management Analysis of Films from Four Genres: The Matrix, Life is Beautiful, Iron Man 2, and Ikiru." In Death in Classic and Contemporary Film, 19–36. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137276896_2.

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"Ikiru." In Kurosawa, 194–204. Duke University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822397090-016.

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"Ikiru." In Kurosawa, 194–204. Duke University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smnqk.19.

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"14. Ikiru." In Kurosawa, 194–204. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822397090-017.

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"Film and Narrative in Bioethics: Akira Kurosawa's Ikiru." In Stories and Their Limits, 133–42. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315822167-14.

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Lucken, Michael, and Francesca Simkin. "Kurosawa Akira’s Ikiru, or, the Impossibility of Metaphor." In Imitation and Creativity in Japanese Arts, 107–36. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231172929.003.0009.

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"8. Kurosawa Akira’s Ikiru , or, the Impossibility of Metaphor." In Imitation and Creativity in Japanese Arts, 107–36. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/luck17292-009.

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Martinez, Dolores P. "Chapter 1. The Death of Certainty: Memory, Guilt and Redemption in Ikiru." In Persistently Postwar, 21–40. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781785339608-005.

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