Journal articles: 'Ijo Cooking'

1

Febrianti, Yuli, Yuni Krisnawati, and Reny Dwi Riastuti. "Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Pemanfaatan Bambu sebagai Tumbuhan Obat." BIOEDUSAINS:Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v5i1.3616.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to analyze the knowledge and perceptions of the community in the Curug Embun Waterfall area about the use of bamboo as a medicinal plant for the development of medicinal plant programs. The method used is descriptive qualitative through four stages: collecting secondary data in the form of literature studies, field observations, interviews with respondents, taking medicinal plant data, processing and analyzing all data obtained in the previous stage. The results showed that the leaves, stems and roots of bamboo apus or pring tali (Gigantochloa apus), black bamboo or pring wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea), bamboo ater or pring ater (Gigantchloa atter), bamboo andong or pring lorek (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea), bamboo aor or pring ampel ijo (Bambusa vulgaris), bamboo china or pring fishing (Bambusa multiplex), bamboo betung or pring betung (Dendrocalamus asper), bamboo tamiang or pring flute (Schizostachyum blumei) are used by the community as medicine by boiling and cooking on the frequency of use. As for how to use it to treat various diseases, namely boiling and cooking with the highest frequency of use, namely the apus bamboo species or pring tali (Gigantochloa apus) and Chinese bamboo or fishing rods (Bambusa multiplex) which is 15 with a percentage of 93.75. In conclusion, public knowledge of the types and benefits of bamboo plants as medicinal plants is relatively high. A total of 8 species of bamboo plants have been identified from 4 genera that the public has recognized as medicinal plants. Respondents' perceptions of medicinal plants have a positive effect namely, they consider medicinal plants to be safe for consumption, have no side effects, are cheap, practical, are found in the surrounding environment and feel beneficial for the body. Keywords: Bamboo, Knowledge, Utilization, Perception, Medicinal Plants

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Anorovna, Imomova Dilfuza, and Mavlonov Khudargan. "AIDAR-ARNASOY COOKING AROUND MUKHITGA EFFECT." International Journal of Pedagogics 03, no. 04 (April 1, 2023): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume03issue04-07.

Full text

Abstract:

Data on environmental problems resulting from population changes, including water shortages and its consequences, are cited. Also covered are the negative consequences of the problems associated with the emergence of the Aydar – Arnasoy lake system and the transformation of the lake system on the environment, flora and fauna. The decrease in water balance in the Aydar Arnasoy lake system has been analyzed in comparison with the consequences caused by the drying of the Aral Sea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Muhd Rodhi, Miradatul Najwa, Nur Affaaidil Amani Mohd Zaki, Harumi Veny, and Fazlena Hamzah. "Antimicrobial Properties of Green Disinfectant from Citrus Waste-Infused Used Cooking Oil Using Conventional Method." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.69812.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to formulate a disinfectant from citrus waste-infused used cooking oil through the conventional process and evaluate its effectiveness in microbial elimination. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to characterize citrus waste-infused used cooking oil. Two prominent bands belonging to the alkane (2921.93–2922.26 cm–1) and ester (1743.60–1743.73 cm–1) were observed on all FTIR spectra. Aside from that, through GC-MS analysis, dried orange-infused used cooking oil was discovered to have the highest percentage content of major antimicrobial compounds such as esters, oxygenated monoterpenoids, triterpenes, and alkaloids with 1.92% of the total amount of compounds found in the sample. However, the agar plate method revealed that the fresh lemon waste-infused used cooking oil disinfectant formulation was the most effective at inhibiting bacterial growth as the colony-forming detected on the agar plates dropped from 20 colonies to nearly zero and from 49 to 3 colonies for the plate swabbed with microbes from the table and doorknob surfaces, respectively. Based on the findings, the citrus waste and used cooking oil were viewed to have the potential as one of the possible ingredients in creating safer disinfectants in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Madalena, Madalena, Heriyanto Heriyanto, Susanti Pudji Hastuti, and Leenawaty Limantara. "THE EFFECT OF HEATING TIME TO THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS AND VITAMIN A IN CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) AND CEARA-RUBBER (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) LEAVES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2010): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21722.

Full text

Abstract:

Cassava and ceara-rubber leaves are leavy vegetables that can not be consumed in raw form because they contained cyanide, therefore cooking process is needed to remove the cyanide. However cooking process cause the changes of the content of pigments and vitamin A. The aims of the research are to know and to compare the effect of heating time to the content of pigments and vitamin A in cassava and ceara-rubber leaves. Content of chlorophyll and carotenoid was analized base of Porra and Lichtenthaler equations, respectively, while pheophytin content was analyzed base on HPLC. The result shown that the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and vitamin A of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves were reduced, while the content of pheophytin was increased during heating. Pheophytin was the main product degradation of chlorophyll during heating of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves. Keywords: heating process, cassava, pigment, vitamin A.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Winarno, Ermin K., Winarti Andayani, and Agustin Sumartono. "METHYL MERCURY IN GREEN MUSCLE (Mytilus viridis L.) FROM FISH MARKET MUARA ANGKE : BEFORE AND AFTER COOKING." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (June 20, 2010): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21565.

Full text

Abstract:

The determination of methyl mercury content in green muscle (Mytilus viridis L.) that were taken from Pasar Pelelangan Ikan Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay has been carried out. Sampling was taken in November 2005 and March 2006, the samples were bought from the green muscle sellers. The aim of this research is to know the effect of cooking on the content of methyl mercury in green muscle. Samples were homogenized, weighed and washed with aceton and toluene. After washing, the homogenized material was added with HCl solution, extracted with toluene, then the methyl mercury content in toluene extract was analyzed using gas chromatography. The results of this research showed that methyl mercury concentration in raw and cooked green muscle respectively were 0.803 + 0.019 mg/g and 0.443 + 0.035 mg/g (in November 2005) and 0.096 + 0.014 mg/g and 0.079 + 0.016 mg/g (in March 2006) respectively. The methyl mercury content in raw (in November 2005) was higher than in cooked green muscle as permitted concentration in the sea biota by WHO and FAO, it is 0.5 ppm (mg/g), on the other hand the result of the second sampling in March 2006 showed that methyl mercury content in green muscle was lower than permitted concentration. Cooking process of the green muscle decreased methyl mercury content 44.85% (sampling in November 2005) and 17.71% (sampling in March 2006), because methyl mercury that bonded to protein were distributed to boiling water. Methyl mercury content in green muscle after cooking was still lower than the permitted concentration. Keywords: methyl mercury, green muscle, Mytilus viridis L., Muara Angke

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Lyu, Wenjing, Min Ding, Ying Zhou, Mengdan Jiang, Yanru Li, Yanxiang Ding, Zhong Zhang, Xue Wei, and Xiaoqing Zhang. "A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Capsaicinoids and Its Application in the Identification of Illegal Cooking Oil." Biosensors 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13090863.

Full text

Abstract:

Capsaicinoids, mostly from chili peppers, are widely used in daily life. Capsaicinoids are considered to be markers for the identification of illegal cooking oil (ICO), which is a serious threat to public health. The identification of capsaicinoids can help reveal food-related fraud, thereby safeguarding consumers’ health. Here, a novel and ultrasensitive method was established with a signal amplification strategy for the detection of capsaicinoids. AuNPs@Fe3O4 nanocomposites were functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol (4-atp). After diazotization, 4-atp on AuNPs@Fe3O4 reacted with capsaicinoids and formed capsaicinoids-azo-atp-AuNPs@Fe3O4. Ultimately, capsaicinoids-azo-atp-AuNPs@Fe3O4 was dropped onto the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and detected via the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. AuNPs@Fe3O4 nanocomposites increased the specific surface area of the electrode. Moreover, the diazotization–coupling reaction enriched the analytes on the electrode surface. Liquid–liquid extraction was used for sample pretreatment. Under a pH value of 9.0 and concentration of 0.20 mol/L for the supporting electrolyte, the linearity of capsaicinoids in ICO is from 0.10 to 10.00 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (S/N = 3) is 0.05 ng/mL. This method is ultra-sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective for the detection of capsaicinoids. Herein, this method provides a promising tool for the identification of ICO.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Chan, Ka Hung, Derrick A. Bennett, Om P. Kurmi, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Jun Lv, Yu Guo, et al. "Solid fuels for cooking and tobacco use and risk of major chronic liver disease mortality: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz216.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Harmful substances in solid fuel and tobacco smoke are believed to enter the bloodstream via inhalation and to be metabolized in the liver, leading to chronic liver damage. However, little is known about the independent and joint effects of solid fuel use and smoking on risks of chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality. Methods During 2004–08, ∼0.5 million adults aged 30–79 years were recruited from 10 areas across China. During a 10-year median follow-up, 2461 CLD deaths were recorded. Multivariable Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the individual associations of self-reported long-term cooking fuel and tobacco use with major CLD death. Results Overall, 49% reported solid fuel use and 26% smoked regularly. Long-term solid fuel use for cooking and current smoking were associated with higher risks of CLD deaths, with adjusted HRs of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.02–1.56) and 1.28 (1.13–1.44), respectively. Compared with never-smoking clean fuel users, the HRs were 1.41 (1.10–1.82) in never-smoking solid fuel users, 1.55 (1.17–2.06) in regular-smoking clean fuel users and 1.71 (1.32–2.20) in regular-smoking solid fuels users. Individuals who had switched from solid to clean fuels (1.07, 0.90–1.29; for median 14 years) and ex-regular smokers who stopped for non-medical reasons (1.16, 0.95–1.43; for median 10 years) had no evidence of excess risk of CLD deaths compared with clean fuel users and never-regular smokers, respectively. Conclusions Among Chinese adults, long-term solid fuel use for cooking and smoking were each independently associated with higher risks of CLD deaths. Individuals who had stopped using solid fuels or smoking had lower risks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nasruddin, Nasruddin, and Tri Susanto. "Study of the Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites with Synthetic Rubber Using Used Cooking Oil as a Softener." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 5 (July 18, 2020): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.42343.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to study the mechanical properties of natural rubber composites with nitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. Composite fillers consisted of kaolin, and softener using used cooking oil. The study was carried out by the method of mastication, vulcanization, and maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates. The vulcanization and mastication process is carried out in the open mill. The maturation of the compound into rubber vulcanizates from the results of mastication and vulcanization was carried out using semi-automatic heat press and press at a temperature of 130 °C ± 2 °C for 17 min. Based on data from testing the mechanical properties of five samples from five formulas, the mechanical properties of composite rubber are affected by the ratio of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, kaolin, and used cooking oil as a softener. The difference in the results of vulcanizates rubber testing of natural rubber composites with synthetic rubber is not only influenced by the ratio of the composite, but also by the degree of cross-linking between the material molecules.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Vrijheid, M. "Commentary: Gas cooking and child respiratory health--time to identify the culprits?" International Journal of Epidemiology 42, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 1737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt189.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

de Verdier, Maria Gerhardsson, Ulla Hagman, Ruth K. Peters, Gunnar Steineck, and Eva Övervik. "Meat, cooking methods and colorectal cancer: A case-referent study in Stockholm." International Journal of Cancer 49, no. 4 (October 21, 1991): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910490408.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Pokhrel, Amod K., Kirk R. Smith, Asheena Khalakdina, Amar Deuja, and Michael N. Bates. "Case–control study of indoor cooking smoke exposure and cataract in Nepal and India." International Journal of Epidemiology 34, no. 3 (February 28, 2005): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Mahardika, Ida Bagus Putra, Wega Trisunaryanti, Triyono Triyono, Dwi Putra Wijaya, and Kumala Dewi. "Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using CaO/MCM-41 Catalyst Synthesized from Lapindo Mud by Sonochemical Method." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.26561.

Full text

Abstract:

Transesterification of waste cooking oil using CaO/MCM-41 synthesized from Lapindo mud by the sonochemical method has been carried out. The silica was separated from the mud by reflux method used 6 M HCl and 6 M NaOH. The silica was then analyzed by XRF and used as silica source in MCM-41 synthesis. The synthesis of MCM-41 was carried out by the sonochemical method, then analyzed by XRD, Infrared spectrophotometer, SAA, and TEM. The Ca2+ was loaded onto the MCM-41 by wet impregnation method under variation of the Ca2+ content of 1.15, 1.29, 2.39, and 3.25 wt.% analyzed by ICP produced CaO(1), CaO(2), CaO(3), and CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst respectively. Transesterification of used cooking oil was carried out under methanol/oil mole ratio of 15/1, the temperature of 55, 65 and 75 °C, and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 5/100, 10/100 and 15/100 for 2 h by reflux method. The XRD analysis of the MCM-41 showed a characteristic peak at 2θ = 2-5°. The MCM-41 has a specific surface area of 1290 m2/g and pore diameter of 3.4 nm. The TEM images of MCM-41 showed ordered pore distribution with a hexagonal shape. The highest conversion of methyl ester was 78.17 wt.% obtained under the reaction conditions at 65 °C and catalyst/oil weight ratio of 15/100 using the CaO(4)/MCM-41. The lifetime CaO(4)/MCM-41 catalyst was 9.8 h.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

T., Anitha, and Mary Josephine R. "Biochemical, Nutritive and Cooking Quality of Edible Green Leaf – Alternanthera Sessilis (L.) R.Br. Ex Dc." Indian Journal of Biology 3, no. 1 (2016): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijb.2394.1391.3116.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Simanjuntak, R., E. Julianti, J. Silalahi, and E. S. Rahayu. "Dengke naniura source of probiotics to lower cholesterol." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1302, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1302/1/012105.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Dengke naniura is one of the traditional foods found in Batak Toba, made from carp processed without cooking, but only by soaking it in an acid solution for 7 hours and adding spices. Objective of this research is to acquire lactic acid bacteria from dengke naniura as a candidate probiotic that can lower cholesterol. Out of 20 isolates isolated from dengke naniura and characterized as lactic acid bacteria. In accordance with the test results, 15 isolates were non-motile, rod-shaped, Gram-positive catalase negative, and capable of growing at pH 3.0-8.5. Seventeen isolates were tested for their efficacy their ability to avert the growth of pathogenic bacteria and lowering cholesterol in the media. Inhibition of lactic acid bacteria isolates against Salmonella typhimurium IFO 12529 with a range of 5.9-9 mm, Escherichia coli IFO 3301 by 5.9-10.7 mm, and Staphylococcus aureus IFO 13276 with a range of 3.9-7.9 mm. All isolates tested were able to reduce cholesterol in the media by 34-65%. The results of this study are expected to have an impact on the provision of agricultural commodities in the form of processed products that are more diverse and have a health impact, especially for farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ranzani, Otavio T., Carles Milà, Margaux Sanchez, Santhi Bhogadi, Bharati Kulkarni, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Sankar Sambandam, et al. "Association between ambient and household air pollution with carotid intima-media thickness in peri-urban South India: CHAI-Project." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz208.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Evidence linking ambient air pollution with atherosclerosis is lacking from low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, evidence regarding the association between household air pollution and atherosclerosis is limited. We evaluated the association between ambient fine particulate matter [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5)] and biomass fuel use on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate of atherosclerosis, in India. Methods We analysed the third follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parent Study cohort (2010–2012), which recruited participants from 28 peri-urban villages. Our primary outcome was mean CIMT, measured using a standardized protocol. We estimated annual average PM2.5 outdoors at residence using land-use regression. Biomass cooking fuel was self-reported. We fitted a within-between linear-mixed model adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 3278 participants (48% women, mean age 38 years), mean PM2.5 was 32.7 [range 24.4–38.2] µg/m3, and 60% used biomass. After confounder adjustment, we observed positive associations between within-village variation in PM2.5 and CIMT in all participants [1.79%, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.31 to 3.90 per 1 µg/m3 of PM2.5] and in men (2.98%, 95% CI, 0.23–5.72, per 1 µg/m3 of PM2.5). Use of biomass cooking fuel was associated with CIMT in all participants (1.60%, 95% CI, −0.46 to 3.65), especially in women with an unvented stove (6.14%, 95% CI, 1.40–10.89). The point-estimate for the PM2.5 association was larger in sub-groups with higher cardiometabolic risk profile. Conclusions Ambient and household air pollution were positively associated with CIMT in a peri-urban population of India, although with limited precision for some estimates. We observed differences in the association between ambient and household air pollution and CIMT by gender.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Padmaningsih, Astuti Tri, Wega Trisunaryanti, and Iqmal Tahir. "STUDY ON THE CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF Nb₂O₅-ZAA CATALYST TOWARDS TOTAL CONVERSION OF BIODIESEL IN TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTED COOKING OIL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21730.

Full text

Abstract:

Study on the concentration effect of Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst towards total conversion of biodiesel has been conducted. The natural zeolite (ZA) was activated by dipping in NH4Cl solution and was calcined using N2 atmosphere at 500 °C for 5h to produce the ZAA sample. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst was made by mixing the activated natural zeolite (ZAA), Nb2O5 3 % (w/w) and oxalic acid 10 % (w/w) solution, until the paste was formed, followed by drying and calcining the catalyst for 3 h at 500 °C under N2 atmosphere. Catalyst characterizations were conducted by measuring acidity with NH3 gas using gravimetric method and porosimetric analysis using N2 gas adsorption based on the BET equation by surface area analyzer instrument. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst was then used as an acid catalyst in free fatty acid esterification reaction of wasted cooking oil in methanol medium with variation of catalyst concentration: 1.25%; 2.5%; 3.75% and 5% towards the weight of oil+methanol. The reaction was continued by transesterification of triglyceride in the used cooking oil using NaOH catalyst in methanol medium. For comparison, the esterification reaction using H2SO4 catalyst 1.25% towards the weight of oil+methanol has been conducted as well. Methyl ester (biodiesel) product was analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The characters of biodiesel were analyzed using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. The results showed that modification of ZAA by impregning Nb2O5 3% (w/w) increased the total catalyst acidity from 5.00 mmol/g to 5.65 mmol/g. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst has specific surface area of 60.61 m2/g, total pore volume of 37.62x10-3 cc/g and average pore radius of 12.41 Å. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst with concentration of 1.25%-5% produced higher total conversion of biodiesel than that of H2SO4 catalyst 1.25%. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst with concentration of 3.75% produced the highest total conversion of biodiesel, i.e. 76.76 %. Based on the ASTM data analysis, the product has a qualification as diesel fuel. Keywords: biodiesel, transesterification, natural zeolite, niobium catalyst

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Lin, W., B. Brunekreef, and U. Gehring. "Meta-analysis of the effects of indoor nitrogen dioxide and gas cooking on asthma and wheeze in children." International Journal of Epidemiology 42, no. 6 (August 20, 2013): 1724–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt150.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Mhatre, Sharayu, Preetha Rajaraman, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Freddie Bray, Mahesh Goel, Shraddha Patkar, Vikas Ostwal, et al. "Mustard oil consumption, cooking method, diet and gallbladder cancer risk in high‐ and low‐risk regions of India." International Journal of Cancer 147, no. 6 (March 30, 2020): 1621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32952.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Barnet, Katherine, and Sharmila Pixy Ferris. "Brand Loyalty and Online Brand Communities." International Journal of Online Marketing 6, no. 3 (July 2016): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2016070104.

Full text

Abstract:

This research explores the use of the online social media network Pinterest in brand-to-consumer engagement and brand loyalty. The basis of the study was formed upon previous research on brand loyalty, online brand communities, brand experiences, and emotional connections to brands. Brand loyalty is defined in this study as pins, likes, or comments on a post by one of three food brands: Cooking Light, Food Network, and Kraft Foods. Content analyses were conducted over a two-week period to observe the number and types of posts by the three brands and the interaction with their Pinterest followers. It was found that consumers who engage with brands on social networks sites, such as Pinterest, do have positive brand experiences, which has been previously linked to increased brand loyalty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lesbani, Aldes, Palita Tamba, Risfidian Mohadi, and Fahmariyanti Fahmariyanti. "PREPARATION OF CALCIUM OXIDE FROM Achatina fulica AS CATALYST FOR PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 2 (August 23, 2013): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21302.

Full text

Abstract:

Preparation of calcium oxide from Achatina fulica shell has been carried out systematically by decomposition for 3 h at various temperatures i.e. 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C. Formation of calcium oxide was characterized using XR diffractometer. The calcium oxide obtained with the optimum temperature decomposition was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy to indicate the functional group in the calcium oxide. The results showed that XRD pattern of materials obtained from decomposition of Achatina fulica shell at 700 °C is similar with XRD pattern of calcium oxide standard from Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The IR spectra of calcium oxide appear at wavenumber 362 cm-1 which is characteristic of CaO vibration. Application of calcium oxide from Achatina fulica shell for synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil results in biodiesel with density are in the range of ASTM standard.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Salamah, Siti, Wega Trisunaryanti, Indriana Kartini, and Suryo Purwono. "Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica from Beach Sand by Sol-Gel Method as a Ni Supported Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.70415.

Full text

Abstract:

Mesoporous silica (MS) supported by nickel was synthesized from Parangtritis beach sand and assessed for its activity and selectivity as catalysts in hydrocracking waste cooking oil into biofuel. The synthesis of MS was done by the sol-gel method. Ni/MS catalysts using Ni weight variations of 1, 5, and 10 wt.% were denoted as Ni/MS1, Ni/MS5, and Ni/MS10 and were compared to standard mesoporous silica (Ni/SBA-15). The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD analysis, N2 gas sorption analysis, SEM-EDX, and TEM. Catalyst Ni/MS1, Ni/MS5, Ni/MS10, and Ni/SBA-15 have specific surface areas of 130.5, 195.9, 203.9, and 381.2 m2/g and the average pores of 12.30, 9.80, 11.12, and 8.70 nm, respectively. The hydrocracking was run four times to evaluate the catalyst reusability. The hydrocracking WCO has 95.8, 82.4, and 85.2%, respectively. While Liquid fractions produced were 38.8, 43.2, and 50.2 wt.%, each of which contains gasoline of 37.09, 39.76, and 44.27 wt.%, Ni/MS10 has the highest liquid products of 50.2 wt.% and was selective to gasoline fractions up to 44.27%. Therefore, the catalyst synthesized from Parangtritis beach sand is selective for gasoline-fraction hydrocarbon and has hydrocracking activity up to 4 runnings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Parr, Christine L., Anette Hjartåker, Eiliv Lund, and Marit B. Veierød. "Meat intake, cooking methods and risk of proximal colon, distal colon and rectal cancer: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) cohort study." International Journal of Cancer 133, no. 5 (March 29, 2013): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Rasid, Ruwaida Abdul, Thye Mei Chin, Mazni Ismail, and Nahsya Nur Udzaifah Abdul Rahman. "Effect of Torrefaction Temperature, Residence Time and Particle Size on the Properties of Torrefied Food Waste." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.39718.

Full text

Abstract:

Municipal solid waste (MSW) in Malaysia mainly consists of food waste. As food waste is of organic compounds, its improper management may cause serious environmental issues, as it may produce greenhouse gases and polluting leachate. Alternative management of the food waste is through its utilization. However, the main issue in the utilization of food waste is its heterogeneity, whereby the diversified cooking methods, as well as food origin, emanates different characteristics. Hence, food waste needs to be pre-treated through the torrefaction process, which is a thermochemical method that converts it to biochar at a temperature between 200–300 °C in an inert environment. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of food waste as a potential source of energy through the torrefaction process. The torrefaction of food waste was conducted in a vertical tubular reactor under an inert atmosphere. The results obtained from this study showed that as torrefaction temperature became more severe, the produced torrefied solid is more energy-dense, with apparent higher fixed carbon content and improved heating values. These findings imply that food waste may be able to be utilized as a solid biofuel, with fuel properties comparable to conventional fuels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Suseno, Ahmad, Karna Wijaya, Edy Heraldy, Lukman Hakim, Wahyu Dita Saputri, and Gunawan Gunawan. "Activity and Selectivity of Mesoporous Silica Catalyst for Hydrocracking Process of Used Palm Oil into Biogasoline." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 23, no. 2 (March 21, 2023): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.70460.

Full text

Abstract:

Research on the synthesis of mesoporous silica catalyst, as well as its activity and selectivity in the hydrocracking of used palm oil, has been carried out. The research involved the preparation of mesoporous silica catalyst by varying the volume ratio of TEOS:CTAB at 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1, then calcined at 500 °C. Synthesis success was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, GSA, and hydrocracking selectivity by GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the more TEOS added, the silica bond composition, crystallinity, pore size, and product selectivity increased. The best catalyst performance was obtained from a TEOS:CTAB ratio of 8:1 at a calcination temperature of 500 °C (MCT81-500), which indicated the presence of Si-OH and Si-O-Si groups with a Si percentage of 45.31%, pore size diameter of 31.912 nm, and a total pore volume of 0.040 cc/g. In addition, the application of MCT81-500 in the hydrocracking process of used palm oil can produce a bio-gasoline (C5-C12) and kerosene (C12-C15) of 92.24 and 7.76 wt.%, respectively. This study shows that mesoporous silica has good potential for catalytic activity to convert used cooking oil waste into an environmentally friendly energy source.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Fernando, Luiz. "Impact of Food Processing Techniques on Nutritional Content in Brazil." International Journal of Food Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 4, 2024): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijf.2539.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of food processing techniques on nutritional content in Brazil. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: In Brazil, studies show that food processing techniques affect nutritional content, with traditional methods like fermentation enhancing nutrient bioavailability, while modern methods like high-temperature cooking reduce vitamins and minerals. This impact raises concerns about the nutritional quality of the Brazilian diet, prompting a shift towards techniques that preserve nutritional value. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Maillard reaction theory, enzyme inactivation theory & degradation and retention theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the impact of food processing techniques on nutritional content in Brazil. Food manufacturers should strive to optimize processing techniques to minimize nutrient losses while achieving other objectives such as safety, taste, and texture. Policymakers should collaborate with industry stakeholders to develop evidence-based guidelines and standards for food processing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hasnan, Nurul Hazirah Aina, Najmiddin Yaakob, Muhammad Nadzmi Abu Kassim, and Umie Amira Mohd Noh. "Significance of Oxirane Rings in Epoxidized Palm Oil and Effects on the Coating Performance: Comparison between Epoxidized Unripe Palm Oil and Epoxidized Used Cooking Oil towards Adhesion Performance." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.46619.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, epoxy coatings made up from petroleum-based epoxy resin mixed with two different types of palm oils were prepared and compared. The commercial epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were formulated with epoxidized unripe palm oil (EPO) and another one with epoxidized used cooking oil (ECO) at four different ratios (0:100, 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70). The EPO and ECO were prepared through generated in situ of performic acid (HCOOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by a fixed molar ratio of 1:5:4 mol/mol (EPO/ECO: HCOOH:H2O2). The reaction took place at constant temperature (45 °C) with continuous stirring for 150 min to obtain 95.5% oxirane conversion with 90.0% yield. The EPO and ECO were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. X-Cut and Cross-Cut methods were used in the test performance of adhesion strength. The results obtained from adhesion test for EPO were good as the coatings only experienced small trace of peeling. On the other hand, only minimal performances were obtained from the ECO coated metal. This was due to the presence of oxirane in EPO as compared to that of in ECO. EPO has a potential to replace petroleum-based resin in epoxy coating formulation according to its remarkable performances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Das, Pratap Chandra, Suhas Prakash Kamble, Kartik Chandra Parida, and Kedar Nath Mohanta. "Effect of dietary incorporation of fish/prawn meal on performance of Catla catla (Hamilton) during nursery phase." Indian Journal of Fisheries 64, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2017.64.1.60074-07.

Full text

Abstract:

Nursery evaluation of catla spawn was carried out by feeding three iso-nitrogenous diets (35% protein in raw and cooked form) for a period of 30 days. The three test diets (treatments) in raw form were: T1 - groundnut oil cake (GOC) + rice bran (RB) + vitamin-mineral (V-M) premix; T2 - GOC+RB+fish meal (FM) + V-M premix, T3 - GOC+RB+prawn meal (PM)+V-M premix. The diet groups GT1, GT2 and GT3 respectively were same feed combinations in cooked form. Incorporation of prawn meal as animal protein source led to significantly higher final weight, final length, % weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to diet with and without fish meal incorporation. Whereas, diet containing fish meal improved the fry growth and survival rate only when it was cooked. Cooked diet either with fish or prawn meal incorporation led to better fry growth over the respective non-cooked diets, revealing the advantage of cooking process for better nourishment in catla fry during nursery phase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Tasevska, Nataša, Amanda J. Cross, Kevin W. Dodd, Regina G. Ziegler, Neil E. Caporaso, and Rashmi Sinha. "No effect of meat, meat cooking preferences, meat mutagens or heme iron on lung cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial." International Journal of Cancer 128, no. 2 (March 15, 2010): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25327.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Mohd Alias, Nor Saadah, Harumi Veny, Fazlena Hamzah, and Noorhaliza Aziz. "Effect of Free Fatty Acid Pretreatment to Yield, Composition and Activation Energy in Chemical Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.34492.

Full text

Abstract:

Transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) for fatty acid methyl ester synthesis using calcium oxide (CaO) as a catalyst with absence and presence of free fatty acid (FFA) pretreatment (untreated and pretreated) prior to reaction have been investigated. The preliminary study was started from theoretical stoichiometric amount molar ratio of methanol to oil. This preliminary experiment showed that indeed, in transesterification with the chemical catalyst the molar ratio of methanol to oil should be exceeding the theoretical stoichiometric molar ratio, due to the fast reversible reaction. The highest FAME content of 81% was achieved at a temperature of 75 °C with pretreated FFA. The composition of methyl ester with pretreated FFA was affected by temperature, where increasing temperature leads to increasing of methyl oleate as major methyl ester in the product. The relation of temperature dependence was further studied by Arrhenius law correlation. It is shown that activation energy was affected by pretreatment of fatty acid. The activation energy (Ea) of transesterification with untreated and pretreated free fatty acid were found as ± 16 kJ/mol and ± 68 kJ/mol, respectively. Unlike untreated FFA, the Ea of transesterification with pretreated FFA was within the range of activation energy for transesterification for the base catalyst. This study showed that methyl ester synthesis was best obtained when FFA was pretreated prior to transesterification. In addition, WCO is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production since it is biodegradable, economic, environmentally friendly and abundantly available.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Chakrabarti, Suman, Mohammed Tajuddin Khan, Avinash Kishore, Devesh Roy, and Samuel P. Scott. "Risk of acute respiratory infection from crop burning in India: estimating disease burden and economic welfare from satellite and national health survey data for 250 000 persons." International Journal of Epidemiology 48, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of death and disability globally. Respirable aerosol particles released by agricultural crop-residue burning (ACRB), practised by farmers in all global regions, are potentially harmful to human health. Our objective was to estimate the health and economic costs of ACRB in northern India. Methods The primary outcome was acute respiratory infection (ARI) from India’s fourth District Level Health Survey (DLHS-4). DLHS-4 data were merged with Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data on fire occurrence. Mutually adjusted generalized linear models were used to generate risk ratios for risk factors of ARI. Overall disease burden due to ACRB was estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years. Results Seeking medical treatment for ARI in the previous 2 weeks was reported by 5050 (2%) of 252 539 persons. Living in a district with intense ACRB—the top quintile of fires per day—was associated with a 3-fold higher risk of ARI (mutually adjusted risk ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 2.77 to 3.23) after adjustment for socio-demographic and household factors. Children under 5 years of age were particularly susceptible (3.65, 3.06 to 4.34 in this subgroup). Additional ARI risk factors included motor-vehicle congestion (1.96, 1.72 to 2.23), open drainage (1.91, 1.73 to 2.11), cooking with biomass (1.73, 1.58 to 1.90) and living in urban areas (1.35, 1.26 to 1.44). Eliminating ACRB would avert 14.9 million disability-adjusted life years lost per year, valued at US$152.9 billion over 5 years. Conclusions Investments to stop crop burning and offer farmers alternative crop-residue disposal solutions are likely to improve population-level respiratory health and yield major economic returns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Bassig, Bryan A., H. Dean Hosgood, Xiao-Ou Shu, Roel Vermeulen, Bingshu E. Chen, Hormuzd A. Katki, Wei Jie Seow, et al. "Ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality by specific coal type among non-smoking women with substantial indoor air pollution exposure in China." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (August 3, 2019): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz158.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Lifetime use of bituminous (‘smoky’) coal is associated with nearly a 100-fold higher risk of lung cancer mortality compared with anthracite (‘smokeless’) coal use in rural Xuanwei, China, among women. Risk of mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke for these coal types has not been evaluated. Methods A cohort of 16 323 non-smoking women in Xuanwei, who were lifetime users of either smoky or smokeless coal, were followed up from 1976 to 2011. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate lifetime use of coal types and stoves in the home in relation to risk of IHD and stroke mortality. Results Among lifetime users of smokeless coal, higher average exposure intensity (≥4 tons/year vs <2.5 tons/year, HR = 7.9, 95% CI = 3.5–17.8; Ptrend =<0.0001) and cumulative exposure (>64 ton-years vs ≤28 ton-years, HR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.5–28.3; Ptrend =0.003) during follow-up and over their lifetime was associated with increased IHD mortality, and ventilated stove use dramatically reduced this risk (HR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5). Higher cumulative exposure to smoky coal during follow-up showed positive associations with IHD mortality, but the evidence for other metrics was less consistent compared with associations with smokeless coal use. Conclusions Higher use of smokeless coal, which is burned throughout China and is generally regarded to be a cleaner fuel type, is associated with IHD mortality. Use of cleaner fuels or stove interventions may be effective in reducing the increasing burden of IHD in developing regions that currently rely on smokeless coal for cooking and heating.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mounika, Palleboina, Sudeepa Duguta, Vardhelly Rashmitha, and TVN Padmavati. "Development and standardization of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) incorporated cookies." International Journal of Chemical Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1o.11367.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Rivelli, Anna Rita, and Susanna De Maria. "Exploring the physiological and agronomic response of Armoracia rusticana grown in rainfed Mediterranean conditions." Italian Journal of Agronomy 14, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2019.1445.

Full text

Abstract:

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial plant, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, whose roots are widely used as a cooking spice and flavouring agent across the world and has recently acquired considerable scientific interest due to the richness of phytochemicals. Aim of the study was to explore water relations in plants grown in pots and subject to severe stress conditions and gas exchange, plant growth, and agronomic characteristics of two horseradish accessions grown in open field under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Total and osmotic leaf water potential were significantly reduced by water stress to a similar extent at predawn and middle day. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) (on average –34.2 and –28.9‰ in leaves and roots, respectively) resulted statistically different among water stress treatments in leaves collected at middle day. In open field, during the vegetative development, plants regulate the foliage expansion depending on rainfall distribution and temperature. When the dry period occurs, plants get rid of several mature leaves that dry completely, and might develop new leaves in the next period, when the air-cools and rainfall increases. During the dry period, horseradish optimised gas exchange during the day by increasing the net CO2 assimilation rate during the early morning (up to 31 μmol CO2 m–2s–1, on average), when the sunlight intensity and the air temperature conditions are more favourable. The species, which rely on an annual rainfall of about 680 mm, produced about 11.5 and 24.3 t/ha of roots from one- and two-year-old plantations, respectively. Regardless of accessions, close relationships were found between the number of leaves and root weight (R2=0.88 and P≤0.01) and diameter (R2=0.82 and P≤0.01). The results advise the importance to know the physiology and agronomic characteristics of horseradish to purposefully apply agronomic practices and strategies to maximise benefits for production and root quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Interpares, Prima, Haryadi Haryadi, and Muhammad Nur Cahyanto. "PENGARUH RETROGRADASI PADA PEMBUATAN SOHUN PATI JAGUNG TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA PRODUK DAN AKTIVITAS PREBIOTIKNYA (The Effect of Retrogradation on the Physicochemical Properties of Maize Starch Noodle and Its Prebiotic Potential)." Jurnal Agritech 35, no. 02 (September 1, 2015): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9406.

Full text

Abstract:

The study was aimed to determine the optimal storage time of steamed maize starch noodle that gives the desirable properties along with the prebiotic potential. Noodle was prepared by extrusion of the partially cooked maize starch, followed by steaming the strands, and keeping strands at 4 C at various time (0, 1, 2, and 3 h) to enhance retrogradation, and then drying the noodle. The resulted noodle was characterized for physicochemical properties. To evaluate the prebiotic activity, the noodle was rehydrated, and then hydrolyzed by porcine pancreati 30 U/mg) and amyloglucosidase (enzym activity 300 U/mL) to obtain the resistant starch (RS) Type 3. The prebiotic activity of the RS was analayzed by the relative growth ratios of the probiotic bacterias, i. e. ATCC 15707 and JCM 1551, to the enteric bacteria ( IFO 3301) on thefor control.The results showed that the longer storage time of the cooked starch noodle strands led to the higher values of hardness and cooking time, but lower cooking loss and swelling index, indicating the different level of retrogradation. Prebiotic activities of the RS obtained from cooked noodle strands kept for 3 h was 0.730 based on the growth rate of the , and 0.041 based on that of the . The score for the ocommercial RSI, commercial RSII and inulin were 1.058; 0.405; and 1.130 based on the growth of respectively. The prebioctic activities onfor the commercial RSI, commercial RS II and inulin were 0.062; 0.066; and 0.076 respectively.Keywords: Maize starch noodle, retrogradation, product property, prebiotic activity ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk pati jagung dan mengetahui nilai aktivitas prebiotik produk sebagai hasil pembentukan sifat fungsional prebiotiknya.Penelitian dilakukan dengan perlakuan variasi lama waktu retrogradasi 0, 1, 2 dan 3 jam pada pembuatan sohun terlarut, rehidrasi, rasio pengembangan, elongasi, , tekstur, dan kuat patah sohun kering). Hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan sampel komersial dan dipilih produk yang memiliki karakteristik sama dengan produk komersial. Produk terpilih dipreparasi menjadi RS ((30 U/mg) dan enzim amiloglukosidase (300 U/mL), lalu sampel dicuci dengan alkohol 50%, dikeringkan dandisimpan 4 C hingga pemakaian. Analisis nilai aktivitas prebiotik dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan bakteri probiotik (ATCC 15707JCM 1551) dan bakteri enterik (IFO3301) pada media yang mengandung substrat 1% RS sohun teretrogradasi,1% glukosa, 1% RS produk komersial, 1% inulin dan kontrol selama 24 jam pada 37oC.ATCC 15707 diinkubasi pada kondisi anaerobik sedangkan IFO 3301dan JCM 1551 diinkubasi secara aerobik. Nilai aktivitas prebiotik ditentukan berdasarkan pertumbuhan populasi sel bakteri probiotik dan enterik selama 0 dan 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan retrogradasi 3 jam pada suhu 4ooC menghasilkan sohun pati jagung dengan mutu yang paling mendekati produk komersial. Pengaruh lama waktu retrogradasi berbeda nyata terhadap kadar air produk akhir, lama pemasakan, totalkehilangan padatan terlarut, rasio pengembangan, dan tekstur. Nilai aktivitas prebiotik sohun pati jagung teretrogradasi3 jam pada pertumbuhan sebesar 0,730 dan 0,041. Nilai aktivitas prebiotik komersial A,komersial B, dan inulin pada adalah 1,058; 0,405 dan 1,130 sedangkan pada nilai aktivitasnya sebesar 0,062; 0,066; dan 0,076.Kata kunci: Sohun pati jagung, retrogradasi, mutu produk, nilai aktivitas prebiotik

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Godswill, Awuchi Godswill, Igwe Victory Somtochukwu, Amagwula O. Ikechukwu, and Echeta Chinelo Kate. "Health Benefits of Micronutrients (Vitamins and Minerals) and their Associated Deficiency Diseases: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Food Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijf.1024.

Full text

Abstract:

The research focused on the benefits of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and their associated deficiency diseases and health complications. Micronutrients are essential elements required by human and other organisms in varying quantities throughout life to coordinate a range of physiological functions for health maintenance. For human nutrition, micronutrients are required in amounts generally below 100 milligrams per day, while macronutrients are required in gram amounts daily. Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in humans, either at all or may be in insufficient amounts, and therefore must be obtained by the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some organisms but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C) and 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K). Vitamins A and D can amass in the body, which may result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Anti-vitamins inhibit the actions or absorption of vitamins; avidin inhibits biotin absorption, although it is deactivated by cooking; Pyrithiamine inhibits enzymes that use vitamin B1. The four key structural elements in human body (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) by weight, are often not included in the lists of major nutrient minerals (nitrogen is a "mineral" for plants, as it is often included in fertilizers). These four key elements compose around 96% of the weight of human body, and the major minerals (macrominerals) and minor minerals (trace elements) compose the remaining percent. The five major minerals in the the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium (macrominerals or macroelements). The trace elements with specific biochemical function in human body are iodine, sulfur, zinc, iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and selenium. Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 g of body weight (about 1.5% of body weight) of an adult, with 99% of it contained in the bones and teeth. Phosphorus occurs in amounts of around 2/3 of calcium, and makes up approximately 1% of an individual's body weight. The other macroelements (potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, and sulfur) make up only around 0.85% of the body weight

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Yue, Chen Son, Wai Lun Hong, Sheri-Ann Shu Wei Tan, Khye Er Loh, Yee Chuan Liew, Rosemary Elizabeth Yap, Zi Yi Chong, and Jiong Chen Chai. "Identification and Validation of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Various Foods Commonly Consumed in Malaysia by HPLC." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.37782.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was conducted in order to identify the presence of four synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs): propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in various food stuffs that are commonly consumed in Malaysia. The identification method was optimized and validated before it was applied to the analyses of eighty three food samples which include chewing gum, chili sauce, cereal-based snack food, noodles, potato snack, cereal breakfast, oat, biscuit, cookie, coffee, junk food, seaweed, nut, chocolate, apple juice, orange juice and blackcurrant juice. Twenty nine food samples contained SPAs either singly or in combination. The chromatography conditions such as elution method, flow rate and wavelength were optimized. Good linearity ranges (1–300 mgL–1) were found for all the four phenolic antioxidants. RSD for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.15–0.84% for both precision analyses. LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.02–0.67 and 0.06–2.03 mgL–1, respectively. Recoveries of the four SPAs ranged from 80.4 to 119.0% when selected food items spiked at 10, 50, and 100 mgL–1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Rahmalia, Intan, Syifa Khairun Nisa, Vita Palupi, Aninda Putri, and I. Wayan Koko Suryawan. "A Study of the Tofu Industry Environmental Impact Condition and Scenario Treatment Using Life Cycle Assessment Approach." EPI International Journal of Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022021.02.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the types of tofu industries in Indonesia is that the small-scale tofu industry was located in the East Jombor, Ketapang Village, to be precise, on the Blorong River. The Simplified Tofu Industry, with a 1300 kg/day production capacity, produces liquid waste that is disposed of into the Blorong River with a BOD parameter of 2,726 mg/L, COD of 4,972 mg/L, and TSS of 388 mg/L.These values greatly exceed the quality standards based on the Regional Regulation of Central Java Province Number 10 of 2004 concerning Tofu Industry. The entry of these pollutants into the Blorong River, over time, can cause water bodies to become toxic and pollute the Blorong River. Therefore, one of the efforts to protect this river's environmental conditions is to increase the efficiency of the Wastewater treatment plant and substitute the determined fuel through alternative scenarios. In the MBBR scenario, substituting diesel fuel into biomass is a type of biodiesel. Biodiesel has an advantage for the fire tube boiler industry because it can reduce exhaust emissions compared to diesel. Meanwhile, the existing wastewater treatment is substituted for the MBBR unit. The choice of MBBR as a wastewater treatment unit is because it is economical, does not require large land, is simple in development design, and is accessible in operation and maintenance. In the second scenario (SBR), a transition of Diesel fuel to LPG. LPG as a fuel input in the cooking process will result in cleaner emissions, especially on the SO2 parameter, and better because it has a higher heating value than diesel, 47,3 Tj/Gg. Both scenarios are analyzed regarding the magnitude of the impact on the environment using the OpenLCA method. The resulting impact magnitude on the OpenLCA method from each alternative is evaluated to obtain the best scenario. In the Tofu Industry, the best design the resulting impact is smaller than the SBR alternative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Jain, Akshat, and Prateek Jain. "Shifting Consumer Attitudes and Willingness to Pay for Premium Products — The Case of Unibic Cookies." Indian Journal of Marketing 54, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2024/v54/i3/173566.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Thomas, ADEPOJU Oladejo, and UGOCHUKWU Ihuoma Chinonyerem. "Improving Vegetable Diversity and Micronutrient Intake of Nigerians Through Consumption of Lesser Known Silk Cotton (Ceiba pentandra) Leaf." International Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-19-2646.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential of Nigerian indigenous tree leaves as vegetable source, pharmaceuticals and other therapeutic materials have been reported. However, Silk cotton (Ceiba pentandra) leaf is still underutilised as vegetable in parts of Nigeria where it exists despite its potential great health benefits. The aim of the study was to assess the micronutrient and phytochemical potential contribution to nutrient intake of its consumers, and acceptability of its cooked soup and sauce ‘as consumed’. Fresh young shoots and leaves of Ceiba pentandra were harvested from Ihitte/Uboma in Imo State, Nigeria. Composite sample of the leaf was prepared and divided into four portions. One portion was labelled as raw sample, and others blanched, cooked to soup and sauce. The four samples were analysed for proximate, minerals, vitamins and phytochemical composition using standard methods of AOAC. Sensory evaluation of soup and sauce was carried out using 9-point hedonic scale with 30 untrained panelists. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05 Raw Ceiba pentandraleaf contained 80.9g moisture, 3.9g protein, 0.8g fat, 15.3g carbohydrate, 68.40 kcal gross energy, 183.40mg potassium, 119.38mg calcium, 112.99mg phosphorus, and 3.46mg iron/100g sample. The leaf was rich in phytochemicals such as saponins, flavonoid and alkaloids. Raw sample was highest in water-soluble vitamins while the sauce was highest in β-carotene (339.72µg/100g). Cooking the leaf to soup and sauce significantly increased the mineral content of the products (P<0.05) with reduction in water-soluble vitamins and phytochemicals (P<0.05). The sensory attributes of the soup and sauce were generally acceptable to the panelists, with the sauce being more acceptable. The leaf and its products were rich in essential minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals. The sauce retained more nutrients compared to other samples. Inclusion of this underutilised vegetable in diets will reduce micronutrient malnutrition, promote dietary diversity, good health and wellness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Debbarma, Jesmi, P. Viji, B. M. Rao, and M. M. Prasad. "Nutritional and physical characteristics of noodles incorporated with green seaweed (Ulva reticulata) and fish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) mince." Indian Journal of Fisheries 64, no. 2 (June 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2017.64.2.58918-14.

Full text

Abstract:

Nutritional and physical properties of noodles incorporated with green seaweed (Ulva reticulata) puree and fish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) mince were evaluated. Four lots of noodles were prepared using different formulations viz., control noodle without adding seaweed puree or fish meat (C); noodle with 20% cooked pangasius fish meat (T1), noodles with 20% seaweed puree (T2) and noodles with 10% seaweed puree and 10% cooked pangasius fish meat (T3). Proximate composition, cooking properties, textural and sensory qualities of noodles were assessed. Results indicated that addition of green seaweed puree increased the crude fibre content of noodles. Crude fibre content was higher in T2 (2.62±0.18%) followed by T3 (1.71±0.06%). Cooking time for noodles varied between 6.80±0.71 and 9.15±0.21 min and cooking loss was significantly (p<0.05) higher for noodles with 20% seaweed puree. Significantly higher water absorption was noticed in noodles with 20% green seaweed puree, which led to softer and spongier textural intensities of the noodles. Although T2 showed lower score for colour values, its overall score for flavour and taste was higher compared to control and other treatments. The results indicate that incorporation of green seaweed puree in noodles has positively influenced the flavour and fibre content and hence, it can be used to enrich the fibre content of noodles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

"Evaluation of Cooking and Physico-Chemical Properties of Rice." Indian Journal of Ecology, June 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55362/ije/2022/3613.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Lee, Chien-Hung, Sheau-Fang Yang, Chiung-Yu Peng, Ruei-Nian Li, Yu-Chieh Chen, Te-Fu Chan, Eing-Mei Tsai, et al. "The precancerous effect of emitted cooking oil fumes on precursor lesions of cervical cancer." International Journal of Cancer, 2010, NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25108.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Shalini, R., R. Jeya Shakila, M. Palani Kumar, and G. Jeyasekaran. "Changes in the pattern of health beneficial omega 3 fatty acids during processing of sardine fish curry." Indian Journal of Fisheries 64 (December 26, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2017.64.special-issue.76298-41.

Full text

Abstract:

Sardine curry, a traditional Indian dish was prepared from Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) to examine the changes in fatty acid composition particularly of the omega 3 fatty acids, when subjected to cooking at varying time duration. The major fatty acids present in raw sardine were myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The dominant fatty acids in sardine curry boiled for 20 min and 30 min were lauric acid, myristic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid which might have leached from the ingredients such as coconut and the cooking oil used for curry preparation. There was a reduction in EPA and DHA in the sardine curry. The leaching of EPA and DHA from sardine pieces into the gravy was negligible. Sardine pieces in curry retained almost half of the EPA and DHA that are found in raw sardine even after boiling for 20 and 30 min respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

"Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Commonly Consumed Cooking Oil Marketed Locally in Riyadh City." International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), May 10, 2014, 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/4.9.227-238.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Huang, Brian Z., Songren Wang, David Bogumil, Lynne R. Wilkens, Lang Wu, William J. Blot, Wei Zheng, et al. "Red meat consumption, cooking mutagens, NAT1 /2 genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk in two ethnically diverse prospective cohorts." International Journal of Cancer, April 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33598.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Abd El-Ghany, Wafaa A. "Staphylococcus aureus in poultry, with special emphasis on methicillin-resistant strain infection: A comprehensive review from one health perspective." International Journal of One Health, December 17, 2021, 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2021.257-267.

Full text

Abstract:

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus normally present on the skin and internal organs of animals, birds, and humans. Under certain conditions, S. aureus could produce septicemia and affection of the skin, joints, and heart, as well as sepsis and death. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is associated with the presence of some virulent surface proteins and the production of some virulent toxins and enzymes. This pathogen is considered one of the most important and worldwide foodborne causes as it is incriminated in most cases of food poisoning. The hazardous use of antibiotics in the veterinary field leads to the development of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains that can be transmitted to humans. The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains has increased globally. These resistant strains have been detected in live animals, poultry, and humans. In addition, retail animal products, especially those of avian origin, are considered the main source of MRSA strains that can be easily transmitted to humans. MRSA infection is regarded as nosocomial or occupational. Humans get infected with MRSA strains through improper handling or preparation of contaminated animals or poultry carcasses or improper cooking with contaminated meat. Live birds also can transmit MRSA to close-contact workers in poultry farms. Transmission of MRSA infection in hospitals is from an infected individual to a healthy one. Prevention and control of MRSA are based on the application of hygienic measures in farms as well as proper processing, handling, and cooking of retail poultry products. The cooperation between veterinary and human practitioners is a must to avoid the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Accordingly, this review focused on the sources and transmission of MRSA infection, virulence and resistance factors, incidence and prevalence in poultry and different products, antibiotic resistance, and prevention and control strategies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Kim, Christopher, Yu-Tang Gao, Yong-Bing Xiang, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Yawei Zhang, H. Dean Hosgood, Shuangge Ma, et al. "Home kitchen ventilation, cooking fuels, and lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort of never smoking women in Shanghai, China." International Journal of Cancer, June 2014, n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Grainger, Garrett. "Cookin’ the Books: How Waitlist Management Biases Data Production in Built for Zero Communities." International Journal on Homelessness, July 23, 2024, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ijoh.2023.3.17541.

Full text

Abstract:

Built for Zero (BFZ) is a new data-driven approach to allocating housing assistance to homeless households. BFZ implementation includes the production/maintenance of a “by-name list” (BNL). The BNL is a regularly updated spreadsheet with personalised data about everyone who enters and exits a local homeless system (i.e., flow). Local administrators use the BNL to produce “by-name data” (BND). BND lets administrators monitor and manipulate system flow in “real time.” Scholars have not analysed how administrators manage their BNL and produce BND. This paper starts that conservation by answering three questions with interview data that was collected from administrators at 28 “BFZ communities” (i.e., homeless systems implementing BFZ): How do administrators manage their BNL? What factors influence BNL management? How does BNL management affect BND accuracy? Using thematic analysis, the author provides evidence that administrators manage the length of their BNL by removing “inactive” clients who have disengaged from service providers. Administrators try to verify housing status before deeming someone inactive. The verification process is shaped by social policies, network ties, virtual interactions, and administrative discretion. Because those things vary across homeless systems, administrators face different constraints and enablers whilst verifying someone’s housing status. The intersection of contextual factors and subjective processes biases the BND administrators produce from their BNL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Wen, Qiaorui, Ka Hung Chan, Kexiang Shi, Jun Lv, Yu Guo, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, et al. "Tobacco smoking and solid fuels for cooking and risk of liver cancer: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults." International Journal of Cancer, March 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33977.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

"Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Low Grade Cooking Oil over Heterostructure Nano Particles of Ni/Mg/Al2O3 Catalyst." International Journal of Engineering 31, no. 8 (August 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/ije.2018.31.08b.21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Ijo Cooking'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles