Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Iintersignification of risk experiences'
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1
Bensalem, Said. "Construction du rapport au risque professionnel et santé psychique au travail : une question de genre ? Le cas de conducteurs et conductrices de bus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU20057.
Abstract:
Dans le champ de la psychologie sociale du travail et des organisations, c’est à l’articulation de deux thématiques de recherche - la santé au travail et le risque professionnel – que se situe notre recherche visant à analyser la question, encore peu documentée, des inégalités de santé au travail entre hommes et femmes.Notre thèse s’intéresse à une insertion professionnelle contre-stéréotypique pour les femmes – il s’agit en l’occurrence de conductrices de bus – pour examiner ; d’une part, si l’on peut établir des différences de santé psychique entre ces conductrices et leurs homologues masculins ; d’autre part, si ces différences peuvent être mises en lien avec des rapports genrés au risque professionnel, omniprésent dans ce métier.C’est sous l’angle d’une approche psychosociale des rapports entre domaines de vie, étayée sur le modèle d’une socialisation plurielle développé dans le Laboratoire LPS-DT, que cette analyse est menée : il s’agit d’élargir le regard au-delà de la seule sphère professionnelle des sujets (en prenant en compte les expériences de risque vécues en d’autres domaines de vie) pour comprendre aussi bien la construction de la santé au travail que la construction du rapport au risque professionnel et leurs interrelations.L’approche clinique retenue pour cette recherche mobilise plusieurs méthodologies : l’observation de l’activité en situation, à bord des bus ; une tâche d’association verbale autour des notions de risque et de risque professionnel ; la réalisation d’entretiens individuels (trois par sujet). Cette approche en profondeur est appliquée à un échantillon de six conducteurs/trices de bus salariés d’une même société de transport.L’analyse des données recueillies a montré que les différences identifiées entre hommes et femmes ne concernent pas tant le niveau de santé psychique au travail que les processus de construction de celle-ci.Nous sommes aussi parvenus à établir l’existence de différences dans le rapport au risque professionnel, caractérisé à partir d’articulations singulières entre plusieurs de ses dimensions (représentation du risque ; stratégies de faire face au risque ; conduites de prise de risque) : ainsi avons-nous repéré une "consonance masculine" et une "dissonance féminine" internes à ces rapports.L’étude des processus d’intersignification pour rendre compte de la construction de tels rapports genrés au risque professionnel a montré que l’extension du champ d’intersignification est, elle aussi, différente entre conductrices et conducteurs ; champ étendu pour les unes, champ « limité » aux expériences professionnelles pour la plupart des autres, pouvant avoir des incidences sur l’attitude à l’égard du risque et/ou sur la santé psychique au travail.Pour autant, au-delà de ces différences genrées, c’est aussi des positions singulières à l’égard du risque, présentées par tel ou tel sujet au sein de chaque sous-groupe d’appartenance - hommes/femmes – que les processus d’intersignification des expériences de risque en différents domaines de vie peuvent éclairer ; la personnalisation ouvrant ici des perspectives qui – sans nier les effets d’une acculturation genrée, permet de les dépasser.Les résultats de cette thèse invitent à reconsidérer la place du risque professionnel dans le métier de conducteur de bus, en vue du développement des pratiques de prévention. Au-delà d’une variable objective liée à la situation de travail, le risque doit aussi être considéré dans sa dimension subjective – le rapport au risque -, construit au niveau individuel comme nous l’avons montré, mais aussi au niveau du collectif de travail, où il pourrait faire l’objet d’un travail spécifique dans le cadre d'une démarche de préventionIn the field of the social and occupational psychology, it is at the crossroads of two research themes - health at work and occupational risk - that our research is situated, with the aim of analysing, the as yet little-documented, issue of inequalities in health at work between men and women.Our thesis looks at a counter-stereotypical occupational integration for women - in this case, female bus drivers - to examine, firstly, whether it is possible to establish differences in psychological health between these female bus drivers and their male counterparts, and secondly, whether these differences can be linked to gendered relationships to occupational risk, which is omnipresent in this profession.This analysis is being conducted from the angle of a psychosocial approach to relationships between spheres of life, based on the model of plural socialisation developed in the LPS-DT Laboratory: the aim is to look beyond the subjects' professional sphere alone (by taking into account experiences of risk in other spheres of life) in order to understand both the construction of health at work and the construction of the relationship to occupational risk and their interrelationships.The clinical approach adopted for this research mobilizes several methodologies: observation of the activity in situation, on board the buses; a task of verbal association around the notions of risk and occupational risk; individual interviews (three per subject). This in-depth approach was applied to a sample of six bus drivers employed by the same transport company.Analysis of the data collected showed that the differences identified between men and women do not so much concern the level of psychological health at work as the processes by which it is constructed.We were also able to establish the existence of differences in the relationship to occupational risk, characterised on the basis of singular articulations between several of its dimensions (representation of risk; coping strategies with risk; risk-taking behaviour): we also identified a 'male consonance' and a 'female dissonance' within these relationships.The study of intersignification processes to account for the construction of such gendered relationships to occupational risk showed that the extension of the field of intersignification also differs between female and male bus drivers; an extended field for women, a field 'limited' to professional experience for most of the men, which can have an impact on attitudes towards occupational risk and mental health at work.However, beyond these gendered differences, it is also the singular positions towards risk, presented by this or that subject within each sub-group - men/women - that the processes of intersignification of risk experiences in different areas of life can shed light on; personalisation opens up perspectives here which – without denying the effect of gendered acculturation – make it possible to go beyond them.The results of this thesis invite us to reconsider the place of occupational risk in the bus driver's job, with the aim to developing preventive practices. As well as being an objective variable linked to the work situation, risk must also be considered in its subjective dimension - the relationship to risk -, constructed at individual level, as we have shown, but also at the level of the work group, where it could be the subject of specific work as part of a prevention approach
2
Pillay, Levina. "Risk practitioner experiences of enterprise risk management in financial institutions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52296.
Abstract:
The ability of financial institutions to strengthen enterprise risk management following the global financial crisis has been challenging. The uncertainties of the external environmental within which these organisations operate and the complexity and speed of internal operations required to respond have continued to evolve. As a result, focus on the discipline of enterprise risk management has emerged, within academia and industry, to determine the broader risk implications to which financial institutions are exposed.
A qualitative study was undertaken with 16 risk practitioners engaged in daily risk management activities within financial institutions. The purpose of this research was to explore their experiences of enterprise risk management. This research intended to obtain a view of their involvement in various key components of the discipline, and to determine the challenges experienced with respect to effective management of enterprise risk, according to perception.
The results of the study identified a need for key components of enterprise risk management within financial institutions to be more effective in terms of; framework adoption, risk committee oversight, chief risk officer capabilities, and risk practitioner and business stakeholder education and coordination of risk.
The main findings identified the need for an evolved enterprise risk management model that acknowledged these key components and which were incorporated into an existing model. The results of this research provided additional insight to enhance the development of the enterprise risk management discipline within financial institutions.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
vn2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
3
Kelly, Veronica. "A balancing act : mature students' experiences of risk and capability experiences of risk and capability expansion in Irish Higher education." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505791.
Abstract:
This thesis is a study into the risks and capability expansion that mature students experience in higher education. It argues for lifelong learning through increased participation of mature students in Irish higher education from the perspective of social and democratic as well as individual economic benefit.
4
Greer, Sarah C. "Early experiences and risk factors for eating disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589530.
Abstract:
Eating disorders (EDs) are thought to have a complex, multifactorial aetiology involving bio- psycho-social risk and maintenance factors. It is well-known that obtaining successful outcomes for these disorders can be difficult. Improving our understanding of risk factors may help to improve such outcomes by facilitating the early identification and treatment of EDs. There is a large literature base investigating the role of early family experiences (EFEs) for children and adolescents in the development of EDs. The first paper presents a review of the different types of EFEs that are thought to be involved in the development of disordered eating and potentially diagnosable EDs in later years. Twenty-one studies were identified and reviewed. The results provided strong support for the role of direct, indirect and systemic EFEs in the development of disordered eating, and indicated that adverse family interactions are the most frequently assessed type of EFE. It is recommended that future research should focus on longitudinal studies with control groups and include measures of negative beliefs unrelated to eating, weight and shape. The second paper sought to measure EO self- schemas with content unrelated to eating, weight and shape using a self-schema processing task, and reaction times to content related to eating, weight and shape using the emotional Stroop task. Healthy female volunteers were recruited and divided into dieting (n=25) and non-dieting groups (n=24). Dieters endorsed significantly more EO relevant words compared to non-dieters, whereas non-dieters rejected significantly more EO relevant words compared to dieters. Reaction times to endorsements and rejections were non-significant. In a surprise recall task, dieters recalled significantly more EO relevant words. Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were found for the Stroop task. The results of this study support the presence of EO self-schemas with negative content unrelated to eating, weight and shape in healthy dieters, and implications for future research and the early identification of vulnerable individuals are discussed.
5
Combrinck, Jeanette Mildred. "Families at risk : experiences of family preservation services." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53396.
Abstract:
In the past, social welfare delivery services to families at risk in South Africa focused strongly on statutory intervention, where children were removed from the care of their parents or caregivers and placed in alternative care. The system failed to deliver a full spectrum of services which would include prevention and early intervention services, with the result that many children and their families were exposed to immense trauma. A developmental approach to social welfare had since been adopted and social work service delivery in South Africa is supportive of prevention and early intervention services with the emphasis on strengthening the family, capacity building, and on community and family-based services. Social work services however still have a strong focus on statutory intervention and not enough on the preservation of families and keeping children in the family and community. This issue underlies the goal of the study, namely to explore the experiences of families at risk of family preservation services they have received.
The research followed a qualitative research approach, with applied research as the type of research with the intent that the information obtained through the research could inform family preservation services in practice. A phenomenological research design guided the study and enabled the researcher to obtain rich information from the research participants. Purposive sampling was used to select nine participants who conformed to the sampling criteria for the study. Data were collected by means of unstructured in-depth interviews which allowed the researcher to obtain an understanding of the participants? views of family preservation services.
The research findings indicated that the nature of the helping relationship between the social worker and most of the participants was of major importance in determining the participants? experiences of family preservation services. Clarity on the role of the social worker was a determining factor in the participants? perceptions of social workers and social work services. Where participants were clear about the fact that the role of the social worker was not to remove children in the first instance, they had a more positive experience of the involvement of the social worker and trusting relationship with the social worker. The participants identified a range of support services that they deemed helpful. These services included concrete services, emotional support, educational and recreational services, as well as multi-professional services. Participants who received holistic services expressed more positive experiences of social work intervention than participants who received services of a limited scope.
The researcher reached the conclusion that family preservation services which include comprehensive services to support the family to meet the needs of its members, can be an effective intervention strategy to support families and prevent the out-of-home placement of children. Comprehensive models of family preservation services, such as Systems of Care, multi-systemic therapy and the wraparound process are relevant to addressing the various needs of families at risk. It seems that community-based centers are in a position to provide such comprehensive services to families at risk within their communities, while the provision of intensive family preservation services in the South African context may not be a viable option of service delivery for many welfare organisations due to the shortage of social workers and resources.
In situations where risk is due to poverty and unemployment, family preservation can be an effective strategy to assist families at risk to care for their children and prevent the out-of-home placement of these children. In this sense family preservation services are in support of the principles and practice of developmental social work. It is thus recommended that social workers should not relate family preservation services to an intensive model of intervention only, but also deliver comprehensive services to families at risk that can support them over the longer term. Inter-agency collaboration can enhance the possibility of the provision of holistic family preservation services. Larger research studies on family preservation, conducted in different geographical areas and with diverse populations in the South African context, are recommended.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
6
Hartley, Jessica. "Guided practices in facing danger : experiences of teaching risk." Thesis, Central School of Speech and Drama, 2013. http://crco.cssd.ac.uk/457/.
Abstract:
The central problem of this thesis is how a teacher may engage with risk. I offer a reconsideration of the term and suggest that risk is individual, perceptual and experientially driven. I use a Heideggerian (1962) frame when I suggest that, when taking a risk, a person is potentially encountering existential death. Using my own practice as a trapeze artist, I reveal how risk is manifested for the students I teach - how it can profoundly challenge and unsettle them- and how I as a teacher am charged with ensuring that they are empowered rather than stultified or domesticated by the risk. I call this enacted skill ‘pedagogic tact’. By combining Jacques Rancière’s notion of Universal Education (1991) with Martin Heidegger’s ontological appreciation of being-towards-death (1962), I propose that what teachers awaken within students is knowledge of the possibility of death and of not-death within certain pedagogic encounters. I cannot know, measure or prove whether this knowledge has been achieved. However, I can document and describe the students’ relationship with the teacher within these moments. This document therefore becomes a description of student-teacher encounters when the teacher attends towards the emancipation of the student. The combination of reflective research methods from David Tripp (1993), Max Van Manen (1990), Della Pollock (Pollock in Phelan and Lane, 1998) and Jonathan Smith et al (2009) provides a means for phenomenological hermeneutic analysis. I have reflected upon my work with five students over the course of five days of trapeze training, extracted what Tripp would call ‘critical incidents’ between teacher and student and considered their meaning (1993:3). This research is a documentation of engaged pedagogy. It is a performative thesis that ruminates upon how I teach aerial work. There are many findings that seem apparent at the time of writing up. I repetitively circulate around the notion of death, failure, rupture, domestication, entrapment, sacrifice, vulnerability, sobriety and pain as significant elements that describe my work with risk. These concepts are balanced with words such as poetry, liberation, love, strength, glory, resolution and joy. There appears to be a second paradox of teaching that sits alongside and dialogues with the Kantian ‘freedom through coercion’ (1960:699); it is summed up by aerialist and teacher Matilda Leyser in her description of aerial work as ‘strength through vulnerability’ (2007). In order to enable the students’ strength to be challenged, witnessed and supported, there needs to be vulnerability from them, from their carers, from the teacher and from the institution. This vulnerability is not imposed, or bestowed, but is ‘owned’ by the student and teacher in their anxiety and in their choice to, in a Heideggerian sense, comport themselves to that which matters most (Heidegger, 1962). In these moments, anxiety reminds the student that they might die; it also reminds them that they can be strong in the face of possible death. This paradox of vulnerability and strength is synthesised or ‘held’ by the teacher’s tact. The new knowledge that I assert, therefore, is a description and mapping of pedagogic tact. Through this new knowledge, I explore the possibility of becoming a better teacher.
7
Gilley, Rebecca H., Rachel K. Carpenter, Jill D. Stinson, and Lydia L. Eisenbrandt. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Aggression in High-Risk Youth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7927.
8
Miller, Nicole Danielle. "Experiences of Peer Mentors Who Mentor At-Risk Students." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6927.
Abstract:
With the number of underprepared, at-risk students entering college, many institutions have developed initiatives to help support student success. Previous research has shown that peer mentoring has been used to support student success, but there is limited research on the mentoring experience from the peer mentors' perspective. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of peer mentors who mentor at-risk college students at a 4-year institution. Using a phenomenological design, 8 peer mentors were interviewed. This study was built on Lave and Wegner's theory of situated learning and Zachary's 4-phase mentoring model to help explain the meaning and value that the participants attributed to their experiences. Moustakas's 7 step data analysis method was used. The results from this study suggested 5 themes that represent the peer mentors' experiences: (a) being a role model, (b) learning experiences for the peer mentors, (c) establishing accountability, (d) effective mentor/mentee communication and relationship, and (e) clarifying the role as a mentee. The participants believed they strengthened their leadership and communication skills as a result of their mentoring experience; they also placed a strong emphasis on the challenges that occur during the mentoring relationship. The participants gained an understanding of how the skills they developed would be used in their academics and future professional careers. The positive social change implications for this study included: (a) aiding in the training of future peer mentors; (b) the improvement of future peer mentor programs; (c) improved support for at-risk students; and (d) gaining new insights for other researchers searching to promote successful mentorship programs for at-risk students.
9
Sibanda, Pearson. "Risk perception: how previous experiences influence the assessment of risk by immigrants in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29992.
Abstract:
Opportunity recognition and evaluation, or indeed creation, have been identified as critical for new venture creation. Studies have shown that they are mediated by risk perception, with some scholars arguing that the difference between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs lies in how they perceive risk. It has also been argued that immigrants are more entrepreneurial than the indigenous population, a finding confirmed by studies of entrepreneurial firms in Silicon Valley in the United States of America. It has been suggested that if all immigrants in the world lived in one country, it would be the sixth most populous in the world. This is what makes the study of immigrant entrepreneurs essential, with a view to finding out what drives risk perception amongst them. The central question that this study intended to answer was: “How do immigrants’ previous experiences in their countries of origin, as well as their experiences in transit to and on arrival in South Africa, influence their risk perception?” A qualitative study involving 36 immigrants drawn from the rest of Africa and the Indian subcontinent was undertaken in various cities throughout South Africa. The study used the Grounded Theory methodology, through which data collected from semi-structured interviews were processed. Using a constructivist epistemological stance the data were then interpreted, resulting in a model for risk perception that built on other well-known models. The study found that previous experiences, hardships, youth and individualism do influence risk perception both directly and indirectly. This is in addition to having limited choices, limited government support and a desire for independence, which were also found to influence risk perception. The study therefore contributes to theories on, and the understanding of, risk perception, and by extension new venture creation. However, no support was found for the often stated view that immigrants become entrepreneurs because they cannot access the job market. Although the study was conducted on immigrant entrepreneurs, the findings may well be applicable to any other group. This would need to be confirmed by further studies. In addition further studies would be needed to establish how this knowledge can be used in efforts to encourage entrepreneurship.
10
Yang, Chiao Ling (Elaine). "Risk-taking on Her Lonely Planet: Exploring the Risk Experiences of Asian Solo Female Travellers." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367808.
Abstract:
Recent advances in gender equality have improved women’s employment and with their increased economic independence, women now have greater opportunities to travel and more choices to make about travel. A rising interest in solo female travel, which has been regarded as a means of demonstrating women’s empowerment, is observed in many parts of the world, including Asia. Nevertheless, this form of independent travel may expose women to risk when travelling alone in the gendered and sexualised tourism space. Although risk appears to be a prominent feature of women’s solo travel experience, little research in this area has considered risk as an independent subject of investigation. In fact, there are only a handful of studies on solo female travel despite its rising popularity and no one has studied the experiences of Asian women. In response to these gaps, this thesis explores the risk perceptions and negotiation strategies of Asian women who have travelled alone and the implications of risk in these women’s lives and in relation to the social world.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
11
Marshall, Lisa A. "The role of childhood experiences in psychopathy." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318850.
12
Mathias, Michelle D. "Experiences of university women at risk for developing eating disorders." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26519.
Abstract:
Studies within the field of eating disorders often address pathology, prevalence/risk factors, body image, beliefs/perceptions (not specific to body image), treatment programs and psychometry. The main theoretical frameworks may be classified as developmental, sociocultural and perceptual. Most research, however, has been conducted using quantitative methodologies with clinical populations. Of the few qualitative studies (Blok, 2002; Budd, 2002; Pearson, 1998), none of them investigate the experience of being at risk for developing eating disorders. This was the aim of this study, which used a mixed methodology and a health perspective. In phase one, Quantitative questionnaires were administered to university women in order to identify four who were at risk for developing an eating disorder. In the second phase, qualitative interviews, using a phenomenological approach, were then conducted with the four consenting participants in order to appreciate their daily experiences of being at-risk. Gathered data was then analysed using two strategies. The first entailed regrouping data according to Integrator Themes. Results reveal a deeper, richer understanding of the experiences, as they were revealed phenomenologically. The second analysis strategy used the Wellness Model (Donatelle, Davis, Munroe, & Munroe, 2001), which describes health as having six dimensions: physical/physiological, psychological, social, environmental, intellectual and spiritual. Results of this analysis reveal that all six dimensions are impacted when a woman is at-risk of developing an eating disorder. While her specific experiences may be unique, one from the other, all aspects of her life are affected. Discussion emphasises the importance of qualitative methodologies and the use of a health perspective in this domain of study.
13
MacDonald, G. Alexander (Gerard Alexander). "Perceptions of school experiences of dropouts and at-risk students." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37855.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to contribute to the research on school dropout by exploring the manner in which school policies and practices affect students' behavior. Four groups, each composed of 12 (6 male, 6 female) secondary students were interviewed. These involved an engaged group, an at-risk group, a group enrolled in alternative programs, and a group who had dropped out of school. The study had two goals. The first was to determine how these participants differed in their perceptions of their scholastic experiences. The second was to compare how males and females perceived their experiences. Significant differences were found by group and gender in perceptions of scholastic abilities. Clear distinctions were also found by group and gender in how the participants made sense of their academic experiences. Suggestions for preventative and remedial programming are offered. Implications for counselling psychology, in general, and school counselling, in particular, are discussed.
14
Thompson, Morgan. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Risk Behaviors among College Students." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499450058.
Abstract:
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with social, emotional, and cognitive impairments resulting from disrupted neurodevelopment. These impairments manifest as health risk behaviors (HRBs) including tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, illicit drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. The current study assessed the relation between ACEs and HRBs by examining the cognitive abilities of 144 college students (M = 18.92 years; 56.3% female; 63.9% White; M = .078 ACEs). Participants completed an interview (parental incarceration, Criminogenic Cognitions Scale), surveys (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, ACE Questionnaire), delay discounting task, the Tower of Hanoi, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Results revealed a graded relationship between ACE scores and illicit drug use risk behaviors, ACE scores and sexual risk behaviors, and household criminality and sexual risk behaviors. Students who reported more ACEs had an increase in the likelihood of reporting illicit drug use and sexual risk behaviors. Although no significant mediation effects of cognitive impairment were observed, a path analysis model revealed that a subscale of the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (Negative Attitudes toward Authority) mediated the relation between ACE scores and sexual risk behaviors. These findings demonstrate the cognitive impairments may not serve as the best explanation for the relation between ACEs and HRBs in college students. However, these findings do indicate that a universal approach to preventing and reducing HRBs among at-risk college students may be inappropriate. Rather, it may be best to target specific HRBs.
15
Kelleher, Sarah A. "Colon Cancer Survivorship Experiences." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36209.
Abstract:
The purpose of this project is to explore potential social cognitive and psychosocial predictors of lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity behaviors, in a sample of colorectal cancer survivors who are at high risk of developing a second colorectal cancer. Participants, recruited from Georgetown Universityâ s Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, are colorectal cancer survivors from families at high or confirmed risk of having a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome. Results indicate that, at the bivariate level, many of the psychosocial and social cognitive variables of interest are significantly associated with one another as well as with various health behaviors and health behavior changes. Correlational data indicate that lower distress is associated with higher psychosocial functioning, self-efficacy, and self-regulatory ability. In addition, the data also suggest that individuals with higher self-efficacy display higher self-regulation and more positive outcome expectations related to health behaviors. Overall, participants were more likely to increase healthy behaviors or remain consistent with moderately healthy lifestyles practiced prior to their colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, and decrease unhealthy behaviors. Implications and directions for future research are discussed within the paper.Master of Science
16
Obure, Renice, Malendie Gaines, S. Gandy, and Jill D. Stinson. "Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Risk of Adult Binge Drinking and HIV-Risk Behaviors in Four U.S. States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7947.
Abstract:
Background: This study examines the role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) as predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual victimization (SV) in a college aged sample in southern Appalachia. Methods: Data were obtained from a health behavior questionnaire administered online at a university in southern Appalachia from July-December 2014. The sample included 992 participants who self-reported on ACEs and adult experiences of IPV and SV. Descriptive statistics were completed for age, race, sex, ACEs (emotional, physical, or sexual abuse experiences as a child or witnessing IPV), IPV, and SV. Multiple logistic regression models were used to predict IPV and SV in separate models. Results: The sample was mostly female (69.3%), Caucasian (84.2%), and had an average age of 20 years old (M=20.1, SD= 4.05). IPV was reported by 10.5% of participants and SV by 14.1%. Predictors of IPV were: female (OR: 2.85, CI: 1.44- 5.65), emotional abuse (OR: 2.06, CI: 1.14- 3.70), sexual abuse (OR: 2.52, CI: 1.40-4.53) and age (OR: 1.10, CI: 1.06-1.15). Predictors of SV were female (OR: 3.22 CI: 1.70- 6.08), emotional abuse (OR: 2.53, CI: 1.48-4.33), sexual abuse (OR: 7.45, CI: 4.40-12.60) and age (OR: 1.06, CI: 1.02-1.12). Conclusions: Emotional and sexual abuse experiences during childhood were the greatest predictors of IPV and SV in adulthood in this college aged sample. This illustrates that children who were victims of emotional or sexual abuse have an increased risk of further abuse and/or re- victimization as adults. Females had a greater odds of experiencing IPV and SV compared to their male counterparts. Although this pilot study is limited in that looked at college students at one university, this provides a foundation for future research on predictors of IPV and SV in young adults. Further, a better understanding of ACEs and their role in adu
17
MacLeod, Stefanie. "Clinical nursing instructors' experiences teaching students deemed at risk of failure." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52688.
Abstract:
The experience of the clinical nursing instructor (CNI) in teaching nursing students deemed at risk of failure has not been well explored in nursing literature. It may be difficult for the CNI to support as well as evaluate a student when that student’s performance is judged to be unsatisfactory or unsuccessful. The purpose of this study was to explore CNIs’ experiences in teaching undergraduate nursing students deemed at risk of failure, to discover how CNIs identify potentially unsuccessful students and to describe what supports and resources CNIs utilize to help them manage such students. A pilot study using a qualitative phenomenological approach was used to interview CNIs who had at least one experience teaching an undergraduate nursing student deemed at risk of failure at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) schools of nursing. The study found that CNIs identified students at risk of failure using “red flags” that included a range of actions, behaviours, and attitudes. These red flags included deficits in the demonstrated thinking, knowledge, and skills; deficits in the social and cultural aspects of nursing practice; disorganization and tardiness; and lack of integrity. CNIs felt that early and clear communication of their concerns with faculty and students deemed at risk of failure was beneficial for both the student and CNI. CNIs made decisions to fail students by considering patient safety and objective evidence while at the same time supporting and nurturing these students by providing opportunities for success.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
18
Ford-Harris, Monica Cristie. "Caring for at-risk students teacher involvement and students' lived experiences /." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000074.
19
Tam, Darlene Melody. "Patient experiences with high-risk oral lesions from detection to diagnosis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46322.
Abstract:
With <50% 5-year survival rates, oral cancer is often diagnosed at late-stage. Detection of lesions at earlier stages results in better prognosis. Continued tobacco use after cancer treatment is a risk for recurrence. However, little is known of the process from lesion identification to diagnosis, impact of smoking behavioural changes and barriers for tobacco cessation in patients with a high-risk oral lesion (HRL) diagnosis.
Two survey-type questionnaires were used to collect data on tobacco usage and patient experiences leading to HRL diagnosis. Patients attending the BC Cancer Agency diagnosed with HRLs within 12 months of interview were invited to participate in Study I. Patients who also smoked ???100 cigarettes within 5 years of questionnaire were eligible for Study II.
Among 150 Study I patients, 61% were self-identified (SIG) and 39% were professionally screened (PSG; 88% by dental professionals). PSG identified significantly more precancerous lesions compared with SIG (54% vs. 23%, P = 0.0003) and was more likely to screen ever smokers (P = 0.05). SIG showed significantly higher rates of time delay from detection to diagnosis ???3 months, compared with PSG (58% vs. 36%, P = 0.007). Frequency of dental visits strongly correlated with identification of HRLs by healthcare professionals (P = 0.004). Common symptoms for SIG were pain (77%) and non-healing ulcers (62%), which prompted patients to seek healthcare, while 71% of PSG patients were asymptomatic. Surprisingly, almost half (47%) of patients were not aware of oral cancer.
Of 58 Study II patients, main tobacco cessation barriers included stress (67%), smoking enjoyment (64%), and not being ready to quit (60%). Increased nicotine intake may be associated with increased difficulties with tobacco cessation. Knowledge of health risks from tobacco usage (71%) and tobacco cessation aids (43%) were main cessation facilitators. The HRL diagnosis was a pivotal factor for patients to stop or reduce cigarette consumption.
Oral cancer screening by healthcare professionals, particularly dental professionals, can facilitate identification of earlier oral lesions at risk of cancer progression. Promotion of oral cancer awareness and tobacco cessation for patients and healthcare professionals may facilitate earlier diagnosis of oral lesions and prevent recurrent lesions.
20
Sylvester, Frederick James. "At risk youth: the experiences of adolescent boys with absent fathers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4121.
Abstract:
Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The single-parent, female-headed household is a global phenomenon. In a patriarchal society such as South Africa, the absence of a father figure in the family place mothers in the unenviable position of having to play a double role, namely that of mother as well as the head of the family. The role of absent fathers in the at-riskness of adolescent boys is under researched in South Africa. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiences of ten adolescent boys who are growing up in father absent homes. The participants were from a low socio-economic area of the Western Cape, and high school pupils who were purposively selected from Grades 8, 9 and 10. A qualitative research methodology was used and data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, a focus group discussion and the construction of collages. The findings showed that adolescent boys face many challenges in their development when they grow up without a strong male role model. These ten adolescents seemed to struggle with discipline issues at school as well as at home. They are at a vulnerable age, and at risk of making decisions that would be devastating to their futures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die enkelouer, vrou-as-hoof huishouding is ‟n globale fenomeen. In ‟n patriargale samelewing soos Suid-Afrika plaas die afwesigheid van ‟n vader in die gesin ma‟s in ‟n situasie waar hulle dubbele rolle moet vertolk, naamlik as ma sowel as hoof van die gesin. Die rol van die afwesige pa in die bevordering van riskantheid by adolessente seuns is nog nie voldoende nagevors nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die persepsies en ervaringe van tien adolessente seuns uit huise met afwesige vaders in te verken en te beskryf. Die deelnemers was uit ‟n lae sosio-ekonomiese area van die Wes-Kaap en doelgerig uit Grade 8, 9 en 10 geselekteer. ‟n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologie is gebruik en data is deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, ‟n fokusgroepgesprek en die konstruksie van ‟n kollage ingesamel. Die bevindinge toon dat adolessente seuns baie uitdaging ervaar tydens hul ontwikkelingssfase wanneer hulle opgroei sonder ‟n sterk manlike rolmodel. Die tien adolessente sukkel met dissipline by die skool sowel as tuis. Hulle is ‟n brose ouderdom en loop die gevaar om besluite te neem wat hulle toekoms kan vernietig.
21
Booth, A., and Jill D. Stinson. "Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on High-Risk Inpatients’ Criminal Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7908.
22
Booth, Alexis, Jill D. Stinson, and Carrie C. LeMay. "Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on High-Risk Inpatients’ Criminal Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7960.
Abstract:
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) play a role in the development of chronic mental and physical diseases in adulthood. These experiences include adversities such as: emotional/verbal abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and household dysfunction. Building from the ACE study conducted by Kaiser Permanente from 1995-1997, this study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge gained about ACE’s and their effects on health in high risk populations, and to examine the effects of developmental diversity on criminality. In this study, we hypothesize that forensic mental health offenders will have higher ACE scores than community participants. Secondly, we hypothesize that these participants will show higher rates of and earlier incidences of offending, arrest, incarceration, and hospitalization as a result of their ACE scores. Further, we hypothesize that males and females will be affected by ACE’s differently, as seen in number of arrests, incarceration, and hospitalizations. Using archival data from a secure forensic psychiatric facility in the Midwestern US, data were collected from 211 participants, of which 80% were males and 18% females. The ages of the participants ranged from 23 to 72 with a median age of 42. Caucasians comprised 46% of the sample followed by African Americans at 34%. Using SPSS software, we were able to determine frequency of the ten categories of abuse, maltreatment, and familial dysfunction as included in the original 2015 Appalachian Student Research Forum Page 49 ACE research. Correlations were run to determine the relationship between ACE’s and criminal behavior. Statistical comparisons were also run to examine the differences between males and females. ACE score significantly correlated with age at first psychiatric admission. Males and females were significantly different with regard to ACE score. However, other variables were not significant, as predicted by prior research, and suggest that future research that need to more deeply examine differences between males and females with regard to adverse childhood experience, and additional variables that determine criminal outcomes in high-risk samples.
23
Booth, Alexis L., and Jill D. PhD Stinson. "Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on High Risk Inpatients Criminal Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/289.
Abstract:
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) play a role in the development of chronic mental and physical diseases in adulthood. These experiences include adversities such as: emotional/verbal abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and household dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesize that forensic mental health offenders will have higher ACE scores than community participants. Secondly, we hypothesize that these participants will show higher rates of and earlier incidences of offending, arrest, incarceration, and hospitalization as a result of their ACE scores. Further, we hypothesize that males and females will be affected by ACEs differently. Using archival data from a secure forensic psychiatric facility in the Midwestern US, data were collected from 211 participants, of which 80% were males and 18% females. The ages of the participants ranged from 23 to 72 with a median age of 43. Using SPSS software, we were able to determine frequency of the ten categories of abuse, maltreatment, and familial dysfunction as included in the original ACE research. Correlations were run to determine the relationship between ACEs and criminal behavior. Statistical comparisons were also run to examine the differences between males and females. ACE score significantly correlated with age at first psychiatric admission. Males and females were significantly different with regard to ACE score. However, other variables were not significant and suggest that future research need to more deeply examine these differences, and additional variables that may determine criminal outcomes in high-risk samples.
24
Chen, Chwen Cheng. "Psychosocial stress, coping style and the risk of breast cancer." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287787.
25
Janzen, Mindy. "The way back, experiences of successful at-risk students at alternative schools." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61569.pdf.
26
Worrell, Merrily Ruth. "The perceptions of at risk students regarding their experiences in educational settings." Scholarly Commons, 2002. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2433.
Abstract:
At-risk students in a secondary alternative school program were asked to complete an open, subjective questionnaire that explored their perceptions regarding both regular and alternative schools' attitudes toward, and response to, them as individuals. There also were questions about how these attitudes and responses made them feel about themselves and their school experience. Grounded theory-methodology was used to structure the study. Their feelings seemed to focus on basic human values and adult caring. Results support Maslow's theory that both physical and psychological needs fulfillment drive human decision and activity. Students indicated that when basic issues of safety and support were provided for in the school environment, they had more energy and concentration for growth and self-actualization through learning. Results of this qualitative study indicated that educators and support personnel should consider this area important to explore before reaching conclusions regarding how to communicate effectively with, or further restructure programs to serve at-risk students.
27
Anderson, Sherriese S. "Social Worker Experiences Serving At-Risk Youth With Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/97.
Abstract:
This dissertation was a qualitative study of school social workers who worked with special needs adolescent youth with emotional and behavioral disabilities in a public high school. This study centered on the experiences of 10 social workers in a public high school in New Jersey. All 10 school social workers were interviewed individually to uncover (a) how they perceived the school social worker's role within the public school setting, (b) the lived experiences of school social workers who worked with special needs youth with emotional and behavioral disabilities, and (c) why they desired to continue working with at-risk special needs youth based on their own experiences? Besides one-to-one interviews, each social worker completed a survey and wrote a personal statement reflecting on his or her work as a school social worker in the research setting. The researcher conducted interviews of each social worker at a mutual location decided by the researcher and the social worker. Results and findings may decrease misunderstandings and inconsistencies in the literature regarding school social workers and their role as they work with at-risk special needs youth in public schools. Social work practice and public school administrators may acquire new knowledge regarding the social worker's desire to continue working with this population group. The study should also contribute to existing literature regarding school social workers, adult social support, at-risk youth, special needs youth with emotional and behavioral disabilities, and qualitative studies aimed at understanding the lived experience working with the at-risk youth population. At the same time, this study should increase the researcher's personal and professional growth of how this population group perceived and acclimated to social work experiences.
28
Summerton, Rebecca, and Paulina Grönevik. "Preventive Work Among Youth at Risk in Tegucigalpa - Subjective Experiences of Institutional Care." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11492.
Abstract:
This study aims to explore how secondary prevention carried out at a Honduran institution for youth at risk is experienced by its professional workers and former residents. This qualitative research is based on ethnographic approaches conducted at Hogar de Niños Renacer, Tegucigalpa, which is a facility for institutional care of youth at risk. Renacer applies a holistic, multidimensional approach to preventive work by covering various dimensions of youth development such as needs for emotional care, education, and spiritual growth. All research participants claim that positive aspects of Renacer include the provision of such possibilities. The project is constantly developing and accommodates various areas in need of improvement such as acquiring sufficient, competent staff. The majority of individuals who have participated in Renacer‟s project are proven to establish a functioning adult life after leaving the institution.
29
Kwong, Jamie M. "Community-Based Programs: Reflecting the Experiences of "At-Risk" and Criminalized Young Women?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28653.
Abstract:
This study explored the types of services, particularly gender-specific services, available for "at-risk" and criminalized young women. The qualitative methodology entailed interviews with youth service providers in community-based programs in Ottawa, Canada. The findings of this study support the feminist research on female youth crime, specifically the presence of common themes found throughout many of these young women's lives such as violence, family conflict/fragmentation, institutionalization, residential instability/homelessness, drug and alcohol use issues, academic disruption/failure, and health issues. However, the manner in which these participants approached their work with young women often differed depending on their own understandings of these issues. Nevertheless, all of the participants noted various barriers in the ability of such community initiatives in delivering services to youths. Drawing broadly upon feminist perspectives on female delinquency, the analysis of this study focuses on how programs and services provided to "at-risk" and criminalized young women reflected their realities.
30
Weakley, Donna. "Adults' experiences and perceptions of resilience : overcoming adversity in a high-risk community /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1303.
31
Ruiz, Burga E. "Migration, identity and risk : the experiences of migrant male sex workers in London." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20270/.
Abstract:
This dissertation explores the experiences of migration and sex work amongst migrant males operating in London. Twenty-five non-UK born males, who were working as independent internet-based escorts, contributed to this study. This investigation used convenience sampling selection to recruit participants from two sexual health programmes specialising in male sex workers in London. The data was compiled through in-depth interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. This study provides connections between the trajectories that participants reported towards the UK and the routes of entry in to sex work. It also delivers insights about their experiences operating as independent internet-based escorts in London. Finally, it contributes information about their risk perception and unprotected sex experiences in the context of commercial sex, which allows the contemplation of risky sexual behaviour from the perspective of an occupational risk.
32
Chomiakova, Monika. "Gifts and Costs of Mentorship, Exploring Experiences of Mentors of At-risk Youth." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25105.
Abstract:
To date, a little is understood about the experiences of mentors of at-risk youths.The present study sought to enrich this understanding by connecting with mentorsfrom Flamman, a youths-prevention organization in Malmö, Sweden, inquiringabout benefits and negative consequences they experienced as mentors, and whataspects contributed to the development of those outcomes. The study adoptedmixed methods design but only one part of data collection was successful,resulting in four in-depth interviews with mentors from Flamman. The resultsshowed numerous benefits deriving from a role of a mentor in terms of positivechanges in personality and attitudes, development of skills, and practical gains.Some negative consequences were revealed as well, specifically negative changesin personality and attitudes, and practical risks, although those were perceived asless important than the reported benefits. The nature of the experienced outcomesresulted from the interaction of the three actors of mentoring: the mentors, thementee, and the organization. The positive experience was generally characterizedby the ability to make a difference, experience success, and nurture positiverelationships with mentees and colleagues, while negative experience tended toresult from lack of success, difficult relationships, and barriers placed by outerinfluences. Overall, the mentors perceived the experience of mentoring inFlamman as positive and beneficial.
33
Charlesworth, Hannah. "Sports-related injury, risk and pain : the experiences of English female university athletes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7638.
Abstract:
While sport is often viewed as synonymous with health, increasing sociological evidence (Kotarba, 1983,2004; Messner, 1990; Frey, 1991; Nixon, 1992, 1993a, 1993b; Young, 1993; Curry and Strauss, 1994; Young et al, 1994; Walk, 1997; Albert, 1999; Roderick et al, 2000; Roderick, 2004) indicates that participation on many sports can be linked with serious health risks. Studies, for example, have examined a variety of male sports environments in order to explore the sports-related pain and injury experiences of men. Sociological attention, in this respect, has often been given to dominant notions of masculinity and their role in shaping the use of male the male athlete's body, particularly when it is injured or in pain. Although the experiences of the male athlete are well documented, the female athlete and her experiences of pain and injury have, so far, been relatively neglected. Moreover, most studies are based largely upon the analysis of quantitative data and have been conducted by male, North American sociologists on male, North American athletes. This study is, therefore, concerned Nvith beginning to redress the current imbalance by examining the'injury and pain experiences of female athletes at a wellknown university in the UK. Data were gathered from women involved in a range of sports - tennis, rugby, track and field, soccer, field hockey, triathlon, swimming, show jumping, canoeing, lacrosse and volleyball - using survey, semi-structured interview and non-participant observation research. The research was aimed at exploring a range of issues, including the socially constructed nature of sports-related pain and injury and the role which established hegemonic power relations can have to play in the female athlete's experience of injury and pain in sport.
34
Bengtson, Jaylene K. "Changing Perspectives for Students At-Risk Through Expressive Art Experiences| A Case Study." Thesis, Franklin Pierce University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3722340.
Abstract:
Integrated art curriculum is established in many school programs as a vital addition to curriculum design in the arts. When utilized as tools for learning and growing, model programs contain key elements that provide insights into how children function in a variety of educational settings. Based on the success of an innovative integrated art program in a rural school district, the following dissertation unpacks the specific elements that contribute to its success and relates their applicability as motivational tools. Through focus on the processes of evidence-based decision-making for program development and the experiences of the art educator, the students and the school-wide community, the integrated art program is examined as it evolved as a leader in creating philosophical change towards collaborative practice. Rationale is then provided for the use of visual art as an intervention component in the school’s alternative education model. The development of an art intervention program called Studio Express is introduced and highlights the strategic processes by which art may be used as a means of positive self-expression for the student at-risk in the public school setting. Evidence is also provided that supports expressive art making processes as an aide in the development of positive self-leadership qualities in diverse student populations. The sustainability of such leadership art programs is implied through the further teaching of their development to post-secondary education students.
35
Jeter, Natasha Harden. "Experiences of Black MSM at an HBCU Regarding Stigma and HIV Risk Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2126.
Abstract:
Black men who have sex with men (MSM) on Historically Black College/University (HBCU) campuses face a unique set of challenges. In addition to being disproportionately affected by HIV, Black MSM are impacted by risk behavior, stigma, and environmental policies and practices that adversely influence their experiences. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Black MSM at a HBCU and how stigma, culture, social practices and the collegiate environment impact HIV risk-taking behavior. Utilizing the ecological framework and qualitative analysis, the behaviors of 13 Black MSM on a HBCU campus were examined. Personal interviews and risk assessment questionnaires were analyzed utilizing the phenomenological inquiry method. Data were inductively coded and combined into themes using a qualitative data analysis computer software package. The findings revealed that these 13 participants perceived that HIV-related risk behavior is occurring. They also noted a stigma within the current culture and expressed feelings of marginalization and a negative campus climate from students in the sexual majority. Implications for improving social change from this research include opportunities to (a) establish a culture of social responsibility and consciousness related to the integration and socialization of Black MSM; (b) dialogue regarding the campus climate; and (c) address conscious, unconscious, individual, and environmental stigmas experienced by Black MSM attending this HBCU.
36
Clements, Caroline. "Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder : a multiple-methods investigation of the characteristics, risk factors, and experiences of people at risk." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/suicidal-behaviour-in-bipolar-disorder-a-multiplemethods-investigation-of-the-characteristics-risk-factors-and-experiences-of-people-at-risk(281cc841-ff23-4622-897d-01491bd2c80b).html.
Abstract:
Background: Suicide prevention strategies recognise the need to address suicide in high-risk groups, such as people with psychiatric illness. People with bipolar disorder are known to be at particularly high risk of suicide and self-harm, with around half of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder making at least one suicide attempt during their lifetime. It is important that clinicians can identify who is most at risk among people with bipolar disorder so that interventions that meet the needs of this high risk group can be implemented. Method: A multiple-methods approach was used to explore suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder. Descriptive analysis, case-control methods, and survival analysis were used on data held by The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness (NCI), and the Manchester Self-Harm (MaSH) Project, to identify characteristics and risk factors associated with suicide in bipolar disorder. Semi-structure interviews were carried out with people who had a range of experiences of suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder, and these data were analysed using Thematic Analysis to add context and depth to the quantitative results. Results: Suicidal behaviours were common in people with bipolar disorder, accounting for around 10% of all psychiatric suicide deaths in England; this rate was fairly stable over time. Characteristics associated with suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder included; being aged 45 to 64 years old, experiencing negative life events, comorbid alcohol use, multiple inpatient admissions; there was a particularly strong association with a history of self-harm. It is clinically important that people with bipolar disorder were often seen by services in the 24 hours before they died. This both emphasises the weaknesses in current risk assessment, and highlights the potential for successful intervention if risk can be determined more accurately. Key issues identified in the interview study included being able to access care rapidly during time periods when risk was elevated, the importance of obtaining a correct diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and the potential benefits of including family in the care of people with bipolar disorder. Conclusion: Suicidal behaviours are common in people with bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder who die by suicide tend to have several markers that may indicate a more severe (e.g. multiple inpatient admission, history of self-harm) and complex course of illness (e.g. comorbid alcohol use, personality disorder). Diagnosis-specific risk assessment is needed to better identify risk of suicide in an illness that is often characterised by fluctuating mood states. Family involvement in care may aid detection of increased suicide risk.
37
Sörensen, Duppils Gill. "Delirium during Hospitalisation : Incidence, Risk Factors, Early Signs and Patients' Experiences of Being Delirious." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3814.
Abstract:
Delirium is common among old patients admitted to hospital, but is often a neglected problem in patient care. The principal aim of this thesis was to evaluate aspects of delirium in relation to incidence, risk factors, behavioural changes, cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A further aim was to describe patients’ experiences of being delirious. The study was prospective, descriptive and comparative, with repeated measures (six-month follow up). The sample consisted of 225 consecutive patients, aged 65 years or older, who were to be operated on due to hip fracture or hip replacement. Exclusion criteria were serious cognitive disorder or delirium on admission. Data were collected via frequent daily observations, cognitive functioning tests (MMSE), HRQOL questionnaires (SF-36) and interviews. Delirium was assessed according to the DSM-IV criteria. A total of 45/225 became delirious, with an incidence of 24.3% among patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and 11.7% among those with hip replacement surgery. A predictive model for delirium included four factors: impaired hearing, passivity, low cognitive functioning, and waiting more than 18h for hip fracture surgery. Disorientation and urgent calls for attention were the most frequent behavioural changes in the prodromal phase prior to delirium. Delirium in connection with hip fracture revealed deteriorated HRQOL and cognitive functioning when measured at a six-month follow-up. The experience of being delirious was described by the patients as a sudden change of reality. Such an experience gave rise to strong emotional feelings, as did recovery from delirium. Nurses’ observations of behavioural changes in old patients with impaired cognitive function may be the first step in managing and reducing delirium. The predictive model of delirium ought to be tested further before use in clinical practice.
38
Ishimoto, Yasuko. "Fall Risk Index predicts functional decline regardless of fall experiences among community-dwelling elderly." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175186.
39
Howell, Tiffany Atkins. "ADOLESCENT OFFENDERS WITH AND WITHOUT INCARCERATED PARENTS: COMPARISON OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES AND RISK FACTORS." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06232008-091852/.
Abstract:
This study compared the experiences of adolescent offenders with and without incarcerated parents. A sample of adolescent offenders (n = 26) completed questionnaires assessing past experiences, including trauma and violence, and current behaviors. Over half of the participants reported having a parent who had served time in jail or prison. Adolescent offenders with incarcerated parents were more likely to feel safe at home and school, and more likely to witness their parents in a physical fight than adolescent offenders without incarcerated parents. In contrast, there were no significant differences between adolescent offenders with and without incarcerated parents in self-reported trauma. Post hoc analyses revealed that female adolescent offenders felt less safe, reported more physical punishment, and had more DHS involvement than male adolescent offenders.
40
Sörensen, Duppils Gill. "Delirium during hospitalisation : incidence, risk factors, early signs and patients' experiences of being delirious /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3814.
41
Biggar, Heather Caroline. "Experiences from detection to diagnosis : lessons learned from patients with high-risk oral lesions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3980.
Abstract:
Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world, with a poor prognosis and frequent late-stage diagnosis, which significantly impacts survival and quality of life. The key to better control of this disease is early detection, preferably at a precancerous stage. In order to facilitate this early detection and diagnosis, it is critical to identify the factors potentially impacting on the time lag from initial detection to diagnostic biopsy.
The overall goal is to develop effective strategies for early identification of oral cancers in order to achieve better control over this disease. There are 2 components in this thesis: the objectives of part I (personal interview) were 1) to develop an interview-style questionnaire, 2) to collect data from patients with high-risk oral lesions (HRL’s) and 3) to characterize the experiences of these individuals that may have impacted the time interval leading up to diagnosis. The objectives of Part II (focus group discussion) were 1) to gather feedback regarding the questionnaire developed in Part I, 2) to obtain recommendations for future planning and delivery of province-wide questionnaire and 3) as a group, to share information on patients’ experiences to diagnosis and patients’ perspectives on their interactions with health professionals (HP’s) throughout this journey.
An interview-style questionnaire was developed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data on patients’ experiences. Forty patients with HRL’s diagnosed within 12 months were recruited and interviewed in the Dysplasia Clinic of the BC Oral Cancer Prevention Program. Two focus groups were conducted and feedback from participants regarding the questionnaire and patients’ experiences was recorded.
Among 40 patients interviewed, 21 (53%) initially self-identified their lesions (SIG) and 19 (47%) were identified by health professional screening (PSG; 84% by dental professionals). The SIG showed higher rates of invasive SCC at diagnosis as compared to those in the PSG (76% vs. 32%, P = 0.01) and SIG took twice as long to have the initial biopsy performed as the PSG (23 ± 52 vs. 11 ± 28 months). Notably, the main symptom of patients in SIG was pain or presence of non-healing ulcers (18/21; 86%). In contrast, all lesions in PSG were asymptomatic.
The mean time from detection to diagnosis was 17.5 ± 42.3 months (range: 0-240 months). Fourteen patients (35%) experienced a time lag of greater than 6 months from first detection of an oral lesion until the first diagnostic biopsy was performed. Both patient and professional factors impact on the time lag. The main contributing factors for this time lag include both patient factors (a lack of concern, fear, and a lack of oral cancer awareness) and the professional factors (lack of knowledge in differentiating high-risk lesions, delay in initiating the referral or ‘watch and wait’, and delay in scheduling of referral appointments to the specialists).
Focus group results supported the format and content of the questionnaire, provided input in designing of future province-wide survey and emphasized that patients require continued post-diagnostic and treatment care. A general lack of awareness of oral cancer in general population and in HP’s in addition to a lack of screening activities have been brought forward as critical factors that result in delay to diagnosis.
In conclusion, these results suggest HP’s, especially dental professionals, can play a critical role in early identification of HRL’s at an asymptomatic, pre-invasive stage through regular screening. Strategies in raising awareness of oral cancer in both the general population and among HP’s are essential for early identification of oral cancers in order to achieve better control over this disease.
42
Rowley, Emma. "Genetically exceptional? : women's experiences of being at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13209/.
Abstract:
This thesis questions whether the experiences of women at-risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) might be genetically exceptional. Using a combination of retrospective in-depth interviews with women at-risk and observations of consultations carried out at a regional specialist centre, this research questions the genetic exceptionalism thesis and the argument that the experiences and decisions that women at-risk of HBOC make, are unique and thus different compared to those of women diagnosed with non-genetic, sporadically developing breast or ovarian cancer. In examining the arguments for and against genetic exceptionalism, this thesis revisits the medical sociological literature on the doctor-patient relationship and discusses the difficulty in establishing who should be recognised to be the patient within the genetic consultation, the decision to undergo genetic testing and the decision to have risk-reducing, prophylactic surgery. The resulting analysis recognises the data to be moral accounts, constructed by research participants so that their utterances would be perceived in a particular manner. For example, while justifying their reported actions, participants were attempting to portray themselves as moral, responsible citizens, mothers, patients and women. In addressing these four aspects of women’s HBOC experiences, this thesis concludes that there is little unfamiliar to medical sociologists about the experiences described and the rationales given by the participants. Such data lends itself to the position where the notion of genetic exceptionalism cannot be supported. Consequently, the thesis concludes that the experiences of women at-risk of HBOC seem to be little different from other, non-genetic health experiences.
43
Miles, Roger. "From compliance to coping : experiences of Chief Risk Officers in UK banks 2007-2009." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/from-compliance-to-coping(e2634d8e-1682-4790-8110-405b0ed2b359).html.
Abstract:
Even without the pressures of a financial crisis, the Chief Risk Officer (CRO) in UK banks occupied a potentially conflicted role during 2007 - 9. The Boards of banks had created the CRO role with responsibility for managing commercial risk but also for producing public risk reports within a system of enforced self-regulation. Under this system, the regulator seeks to overcome control asymmetries by harnessing the governance resources of regulated organizations. Theoretical perspectives of regulation in action, informal groups in organizations, and individual risk perception, indicated that CROs’ dilemmas merited further study. Banks’ selective risk reporting practices were under-represented, with scholarly knowledge seemingly limited by difficulties of access and trust. This research overcomes these limitations, gaining access to a closed group to conduct qualitative depth interviews with bank senior managers including 35 CROs (one-third of known incumbents in 2007). Ideas of enforced self-regulation were found not to account fully for banks’ risk reporting practices. The regulator was little-respected, mistrusted, and had limited influence over bankers’ behaviour. Within a bank the CRO, though formally identified with risk governance, was informally pressed by powerful sales-side groups to report optimistically. Seeking senior management support to resist this pressure, many CROs instead found their Board prioritising sales activity over risk governance. Though employed as compliance managers, many CROs reinterpreted their role as a commercial support function, becoming coping agents for banks’ creative risk reporting. Enforced self-regulation does not restrain organizations whose reward systems reinforce asymmetries of control, whose economic power exceeds that of governments attempting to regulate them, and whose sales culture aggressively dictates organizational norms. New approaches are suggested to recognise and prevent conduct which increases financial market fragility. This thesis provides wider lessons for the relationships between organizational behaviour, individual cognition and regulatory power beyond the world of banking.
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Burgon, Hannah Louise. "Reflexive exploration of the experiences of at-risk young people participating in therapeutic horsemanship." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54446/.
Abstract:
This thesis is part of a journey that has encompassed a lifetime love of horses. It evolved from horses being a childhood passion, and led to working with horses together with young people with various disadvantages and difficulties in a therapeutic and educational capacity. The PhD research study followed as an attempt to articulate and share some of the experiences of ‘The Yard’, the therapeutic horsemanship (TH) programme on which this thesis is based. Through a personal belief and understanding that contact with horses could be therapeutic in a number of ways I found myself in the fortunate position to be able to incorporate TH in my work as a social worker for a foster care company. Whilst initially this was limited to young people who were in foster placements with this particular company, the TH programme expanded through interest from outside agencies to include young people referred from youth offending and other organisations. The young people who attended the TH programme, named ‘The Yard’ for the purpose of this study, were generally considered to be ‘at-risk’ within the social work and allied professions due to their circumstances and histories. Substantial research within the literature concerned with risk and resilience claims there is a high likelihood of negative life outcomes as a result of experiencing adverse childhood experiences (Masten, Best, & Garmezy, 1990; Rutter, 1985). It cannot be claimed that this thesis is completely impartial or objective; on the contrary it is a deeply personal and reflexive account of my experiences alongside seven of the young people who attended The Yard and participated in the study. I can only hope that through the many hundreds of hours of the meticulous process that has made up this practitioner-researcher ethnography, that I have provided some kind of useful contribution to the knowledge base of TH. In any case, at the very least, it has certainly been a hugely worthwhile endeavour in terms of gaining invaluable insight into my own practice, together with associated personal and professional growth.
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Strachan, Kathryn Anne. "Discussing risk during pregnancy : the experiences of midwives and women with pre-existing diabetes." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:15429.
Abstract:
This portfolio thesis contains three separate parts: a systematic literature review, an empirical study and corresponding appendices. Part one is a systematic literature review, which uses meta-ethnography to synthesise qualitative empirical studies investigating the female experience of living and coping with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and the impact on identity. A systematic database search identified nine articles which were included. The synthesis of findings resulted in seven subthemes and four super-ordinate themes: ‘Identity shaped by the grip of blood glucose levels’, ‘The influence of others’, ‘Resistance against a ‘diabetic’ identity’ and ‘Creating Stability: integrating diabetes’. The quality of included studies was reviewed and the overall strength of literature considered. Results are discussed in relation to implications for clinical practice in diabetes care and areas for future research. Part two is an empirical study exploring the experience of discussing risk from the perspective of midwives and pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Five midwives and eight women with Type 1 diabetes were interviewed. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Twelve subthemes and four super-ordinate themes were identified: ‘Understanding and responding to risk’, ‘Talking about risk’, ‘Negotiating choice and control’ and ‘The relationship buffer’. Results are discussed in relation to relevant theory, implications for clinical practice in maternity care and suggestions for future research. Part three includes appendices which support the meta-ethnography and empirical study. This contains an epistemological statement and a reflective statement detailing the research processes and underpinnings.
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Nickel, Brooke. "Low risk ‘cancers’: how terminology impacts experiences of diagnosis, treatment preferences and psychological outcomes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18915.
Abstract:
A range of conditions with indolent to fast-growing lesions are labelled as ‘cancer’. Lesions with low malignant potential are common, and with the advent and use of increasingly sensitive technologies these indolent lesions and their precursors are now more frequently clinically identified. There have been recommendations from international expert groups, including a United States National Institute of Health panel and the National Cancer Institute working group, to change the terminology of these indolent lesions by removing the term ‘cancer’, as one strategy to address and reduce the growing concerns about overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. Using a mixed method approach this thesis examined how terminology for low risk ‘cancers’ impacts diagnosis experiences, treatment preferences and psychological outcomes, in particular focusing on the context of low risk papillary thyroid cancer. After an introductory chapter, the thesis presents seven papers and ends with a discussion and conclusion chapter. Findings from the thesis lend support to the strategy of changing the terminology of low risk ‘cancers’ in order to help curtail overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Specifically, this thesis provides the first evidence on the impact of terminology for low risk papillary thyroid cancer. It demonstrates that use of the term ‘cancer’ can influence both clinician and patients’ experience of diagnosis, drive the desire more aggressive treatments, and can alter psychological outcomes. The information presented provides a body of work which may help enable potential future communication strategies for low risk cancers in order to shift assumptions that immediate invasive treatments are always needed, aid in the consideration of more conservative management options and allow for better shared decision making between clinicians and patients.
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Pettit, Michele L. "An assessment of health risk behaviors, values, and experiences among college students and GED candidates /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1196415421&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Swenne, Christine Leo. "Wound Infection Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery : Risk Factors and the Experiences of Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7168.
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Ni, Yanyan. "Child discipline and maltreatment in Zhejiang Province of China : perceptions, risk factors, experiences and impacts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10053318/.
Abstract:
Objectives: To explore multiple aspects of child maltreatment in China, including perceptions, risk factors, experiences and negative effects, with a focus on the role of parental aggression and parental childhood maltreatment, as well as the independent effects of different types of maltreatment on child emotional and behavioural problems. Methods: The study sites were urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province, China. A mixed-method design was used: semi-structured interviews with 11 young adults, 21 parents and nine children, three focus group discussions with 22 children, and questionnaire surveys with 1,201 young adults, 576 parents and 791 children. Results: Physical and emotional maltreatment, before age 18, were reported by 81% and 82% of young adults respectively. Personal experience of emotional maltreatment was generally perceived as more harmful than physical. Lifetime prevalence of maltreatment reported by parents and children was - physical: 56% vs 50%; emotional: 75% vs 59%; non-contact punishment: 21% vs 18%. 21% of the children reported experiencing three or four types of maltreatment (including witnessing domestic violence). Parents with higher aggressive tendencies were more likely to maltreat children. Parental aggression was an explanatory factor for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. Emotional maltreatment was consistently associated with a higher risk of child emotional and conduct problems. Severe physical maltreatment showed the strongest association with abnormal conduct. Moderate physical maltreatment was independently associated with emotional problems. There was an increased risk with multiple types of maltreatment. The qualitative research adds useful insights into the perceptions of child maltreatment in China from different perspectives. Children’s and young adults’ perceptions of maltreatment experiences were focused on parents’ intentions. Most parents perceived physical punishment and verbal aggression as necessary in disciplining children. Some parents were more reflective of their aggressive behaviours towards children and were more willing to change their disciplinary methods. Conclusions: The pervasiveness of child maltreatment and the considerable harm caused to children and young adults suggest an urgent need for raising public awareness, educating parents and introducing a formal child protection system in China.
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Smith, Rachel. "'Facing the risk of overdose' : a grounded theory study exploring heroin users' experiences of overdose." Thesis, University of East London, 2008. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3778/.
Abstract:
Overdose is a significant cause of death among heroin users and up to two-thirds of heroin users will experience at least one non-fatal overdose in their lifetime. Despite a recent increase in the literature on overdose psychological understandings of the processes involved are limited, particularly from the perspective of heroin users. This study explored heroin users' experiences of overdose particularly the two areas of intent and risk. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen individuals who had a history of heroin use and were attending a treatment service in south London. A social constructionist grounded theory approach was followed and the theory 'facing the risk of overdose' was developed. The findings suggested that risk of overdose was affected by complex inter-relationships between individual, social and substance related factors. Participants located overdose in a context with other risks some of which were linked to a drug-using lifestyle. Therefore, overdose was often not the only risk faced by participants and this had implications for how they considered and managed risks. Overall, 'facing the risk of overdose' was best characterised as a social process influenced by acquaintances, friends, family and professionals. Intent appeared complex and dynamic, and although many overdoses were described as accidents some were intentional or accompanied by ambivalence about survival; attributions were also made to luck or chance. The findings are discussed in relation to existing literature. Clinical implications for services include dissemination of context-specific harm reduction information and the importance of addressing mental health needs as well as substance misuse. Recommendations for clinical psychologists include an increase in psychologically informed interventions. In recognition that overdose was a social behaviour clinical implications are also discussed at the community level. Finally, recommendations for future research are highlighted.