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1
Pohl, Radek, Viktor Prutianov, and Svatava Smrčková-Voltrová. "Nucleophilic Substitution in a Series of 4-Nitronicotinic Acid 1-Oxide Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 7 (1995): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951170.
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Nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group in 4-nitro-3-pyridinecarboxanilide 1-oxide (IIa) afforded 4-hydroxy- (IIb), 4-chloro- (IIc), 4-methoxy- (IId), 4-ethoxy- (IIe), and 4-dimethylamino-3-pyridinecarboxanilide (IIf). The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the pyridine moiety were correlated with the Hammett constants of the substituent in position 4, with the exception of compound IIb. The reason of this phenomenon is discussed.
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Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
8
Nelke, Christopher, Marc Pawlitzki, Christina B. Schroeter, Niklas Huntemann, Saskia Räuber, Vera Dobelmann, Corinna Preusse, et al. "High-Dimensional Cytometry Dissects Immunological Fingerprints of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 3330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203330.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle is the common feature of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Given the rarity of the disease and potential difficulty of routinely obtaining target tissue, i.e., standardized skeletal muscle, our understanding of immune signatures of the IIM spectrum remains incomplete. Further insight into the immune topography of IIM is needed to determine specific treatment targets according to clinical and immunological phenotypes. Thus, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry to investigate the immune phenotypes of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients as representative entities of the IIM spectrum and compared them to healthy controls. We studied the CD8, CD4 and B cell compartments in the blood aiming to provide a contemporary overview of the immune topography of the IIM spectrum. ASyS was characterized by altered CD4 composition and expanded T follicular helper cells supporting B cell-mediated autoimmunity. For DM, unsupervised clustering identified expansion of distinct B cell subtypes highly expressing immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and CD38. Lastly, terminally differentiated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells distinguish IBM from other IIM. Interestingly, these terminally differentiated CD8 T cells highly expressed the integrin CD18 mediating cellular adhesion and infiltration. The distinct immune cell topography of IIM might provide the framework for targeted treatment approaches potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Li, Quanzhen, Li Wang, Chengsong Zhu, Mei Yan, Xiaoxia Zuo, and Huali Zhang. "Profiling Autoantibodies in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 45.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.45.30.
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Abstract Objects To screen autoantibodies (autoAbs) in sera of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis (IIM) patients and to assess their clinical significance for diagnosis, classification and disease activity evaluation. Methods IgG and IgM autoAbs were comprehensively profiled from 138 IIM patients, 70 SLE, 50 SSc and 100 normal controls (NC) using a customized autoantigen array bearing 125 myositis-specific antigens (MSA) and other autoantigens. Western blot and Immunoprecipitation were used for autoAb verification. The profile of autoAbs and correlation with clinical criteria were evaluated. Results 78% IIM patients showed positive reactivity to at least 1 MSA. The autoAbs which exhibited high prevalence in IIM are anti- Jo-1 (24.6%), MDA5 (23.2%), SAE2 (13%), SRP54 (11.6%) and DNA polymerase II (8.7%). We identified the autoAb clusters that best distinguish the 3 autoimmune disease: anti-Jo-1 and anti-MDA5 for IIM, and anti-CENP-A&B and Scl-70 for SSc, and anti-chromatin/Nucleosome, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm/SmD for SLE. The coexistence of MSA autoAbs was observed in IIM with about 35% IIM patients carried more than 2 MSA autoAbs. The IIM patients who developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) exhibited significantly higher autoAbs against Jo-1, MDA5, Mi-2, Ro-SSA and Trptophanyl compared with the IIM without ILD (<0.05). The IIM patients who carried positive autoAbs against JS, TIF1γ, Mitochondrial antigen and La/SSB showed a significantly higher risk of malignancy (p<0.05). Based on autoAbs, we established an autoAb score for IIM prediction and evaluation. Conclusion Autoantibody profiling revealed distinct and heterogenic autoAbs in IIM which are potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and classification of the disease.
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Giollo, A., M. Zen, M. Gatto, E. Zanatta, L. Iaccarino, and A. Doria. "POS0391 TRENDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYOSITIS AND ASSOCIATION WITH THE CORONAVIRUS-19 PANDEMIC AND VACCINES: DATA FROM THE VENETO RARE DISEASE REGISTRY, 2014-2021." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 451.1–451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1574.
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BackgroundThere are uncertainties regarding the occurrence of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) after infection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus2(CoV2) or in recipients of Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) vaccines.ObjectivesHerein, the main objective was to assess temporal trends of newly diagnosed IIM in the past eight years, including the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.MethodsWe extracted data of IIM patients from the Veneto Rare Disease Registry from 01/01/2014 and 31/12/2021. This regional registry has to be considered comprehensive of all patients with IIM in a specific geographical area. Hence, we extracted the following information: age; sex; date of diagnosis; type of IIM including dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), inclusion body myositis (IBM); place of residence. We restricted the analysis to IIM patients certified by expert rheumatologists belonging to the Regional Centre for Study and Treatment of Connective Tissue and other Rare Diseases at the Division of Rheumatology, University of Padua, Veneto, Italy. Finally, we compared new IIM cases before and after 04/01/2021 as the starting date for the vaccination campaign in Veneto. We reported descriptive statistics (median and interquartile range) and results of non-parametric tests to compare cases of IIM across the study period.ResultsDatabase extraction retrieved 192 people with IIM diagnosed during the study period (DM 85, PM 82, ASS 23, IBM 2; females 67.2%; median [25th-75th percentile] age at diagnosis 58.5 [49.6-68.5] years). There was a median of 2 [1-4] newly-diagnosed IIM monthly, with a non-significant increase in the post-pandemic two-year period 2020-2021 (Figure 1A). Numerically, 2020 had the most IIM diagnosis (N=30), mainly clustered in the second (N=12) and third (N=11) trimesters. Trends of new IIM diagnoses over one year course were similar during the study period, with visually identified higher IIM occurrence in February, April and September (Figure 1B). There was no difference in incident IIM cases in the 12 months before (N=31) and after (N=29) the initiation of the vaccination campaign (7 [5-9.8] vs 8 [3-12] new cases for each trimester; Mann-Whitney U test p=0.884). Finally, there was a significant trend for median age at diagnosis increasing by 6.46 years from 55.4 to 61.8 years between 2014 and 2021 (p=0.015, R2=0.344; repeated measures ANOVA with post test for linear trend).ConclusionWe found no significant change in patterns of IIM diagnoses between 2014 and 2021 besides a slight numerical increase in the second and third trimesters of 2020. In addition, we noted no signals of increased IIM diagnoses after introducing Covid-19 vaccines. This data encourage further analyses of larger, multicentre datasets from other geographical areas to clarify whether there has been variation in specific myositis subtypes across new-onset IIM after the pandemic.AcknowledgementsWe acknowledge Dr Monica Mazzuccato and Registro Malattie Rare - Regione Veneto for providing data.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Robert, M., L. Lessard, T. Fenouil, A. Hot, T. Laumonier, A. Bouche, B. Chazaud, N. Streichenberger, and L. Gallay. "POS0490 USEFULNESS OF MHC-II IMMUNO-STAINING ON MUSCLE BIOPSIES IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 499.2–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.5186.
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BackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) constitute a group of acquired muscular diseases that occur during childhood and adulthood, exhibit a variety of phenotypes and are potentially life-threatening. IIM diagnosis considers clinical, serological, and histological data. Muscle pathological analysis of IIM patients gives relevant elements for the diagnosis (immune cell infiltrate, vascular and connective tissues, as well as myofiber morphology). Immunochemistry (IHC) labeling for major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), and C5b9, that are negative in normal muscle, appeared of interest in IIM diagnosis and the understanding of IIM pathogenesis. In normal muscle, myofibers are negative for MHC-II IHC. Its interest in the neuropathological exam of IIM muscle remains to be better characterized.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the pattern of MHC-II expression in various IIMs.MethodsA historical cohort was designed using the MYOLYON register (IIM patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 at the University Hospital of Lyon, France). Inclusion criteria were IIM diagnosis that was established histologically and available frozen muscle samples for additional analyses. Exclusion criterium was any treatment before muscle biopsy. Demographical data and final diagnosis were collected retrospectively from medical records. A centralized, standardized, and blind analysis of muscle MHC-II immuno-staining was conducted to define the various patterns of MHC-II by myofibers and by capillaries. The study complied with ethical requirements.ResultsSeventy-three patients were included: 23 dermatomyositis (DM), 13 anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), 13 immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM), 13 inclusion body myositis (IBM), and 11 overlap myositis (OM). MHC-II immuno-staining of myofibers or capillaries was abnormal for 91.8% of the analyzed biopsies (Figure 1). The analysis of MHC-II myofiber immuno-staining revealed distinguishable patterns according to IIM subtype: the labeling was diffuse in IBM (69.2%, n=9/13), perifascicular in ASS (61.5%, n=8/13), and variable in OM (patchy for 27.3% n=3/11 or clustered for 36.4%, n=4/11). MHC-II immuno-staining was negative in IMNM (84.6%, n=11/13) and in DM (47.8%, n=11/23). DM exhibiting positive MHC-II myofibers (n=12) were associated with the presence of anti-TIF1γ, anti-NXP2 and anti-SAE auto antibodies (n=5, n=3 and n=2, respectively). Among the 12 patients, there were juvenile cases (n=5, 41.7%) or DM associated with ongoing neoplasia (n=4, 33.3%). Three main architectures were described for capillaries: giant, leaky and capillary dropout. Patterns of MHC-II positive capillaries were the following: DM was characterized by capillary dropout (68.2%), IMNM showed leaky capillaries (75.0%), IBM giant capillaries (66.7%), ASS exhibited both giant (61.5%) and/or leaky (58.3%) capillaries, while OM showed giant (63.6%) or/and leaky (80.0%) capillaries and capillaries dropout (60.0%).ConclusionThe present work establishes the usefulness of MHC-II immuno-staining for IIM diagnosis, and gives additional elements on the impairment of myofibers and capillaries in the various IIM subgroups. MHC-II expression is known to be induced by inflammatory cytokine such as interferon type II. This could be linked to myofiber and/or capillary impairment in some IIMs, such as IBM, ASS and OM. These results also support the implication of vasculopathy in IIM pathogenesis, with various structural and cellular consequences regarding the different subgroups. Finally, MHC-II immuno-staining in IIM muscle biopsies enables a foremost analysis of myofibers and capillaries, and represents an additional biomarker to distinguish IIM subgroups.References[1]De Bleecker, J.L. et al. 205th ENMC International Workshop: Pathology diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies part II 28-30 March 2014, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2015, 25, 268-272.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Bentick, G., J. Fairley, I. Wicks, S. Nadesapillai, and J. Day. "POS0856 DEFINING THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF PET OR PET/CT IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 722.1–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1128.
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BackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET), now often combined with computed tomography (CT), is a well-established tool for evaluating malignancy and inflammatory disease. The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are chronic, multi-system diseases characterised by skeletal muscle inflammation, the potential for extramuscular manifestations such as interstitial lung disease (ILD) and an increased risk of malignancy. PET or PET/CT thus has appeal as an imaging modality that may permit simultaneous assessment of multiple features of IIM, however its role in evaluation of these diseases remains poorly defined.ObjectivesThis systematic review seeks to evaluate and describe the utility of PET or PET/CT in IIM, specifically for the detection of inflammatory muscle pathology, associated malignancy and extramuscular manifestations (e.g. ILD).MethodsWe performed a search of Medline and EMBASE from 1990-2021 using keywords related to IIM and PET. We included English language studies of adults with IIM who had PET or PET/CT as part of their diagnostic workup.ResultsOur search identified 910 potentially relevant abstracts, 18 of which were included.The majority of studies used fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET or PET/CT scans, while the remainder used other radiotracers including [18F] florbetapir and [11C] Pittsburgh compound B ([11C] PIB).1.Malignancy – PET vs. conventional screeningSix studies investigated the ability of 18F-FDG PET or 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect malignancy in people with IIM. When reported, the sensitivity and specificity of PET or PET/CT for diagnosing malignancy compared with standard detection methods was 66.7-94% and 88.9-97.8%, respectively.2.ILDUsing high-resolution CT (HRCT) as the gold standard for detection of ILD, three studies reported the ability of PET or PET/CT to detect ILD. The sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET alone for ILD was 39%, while the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for ILD was 93-100%. FDG lung uptake was significantly increased in people with rapidly progressive-ILD (RP-ILD) in comparison to those with non-RP-ILD in two studies.3.Muscle disease activityTen studies evaluated either 18F-FDG PET or 18F-FDG PET/CT for its ability to detect muscle inflammation in IIM. In the nine studies where controls were used, PET or PET/CT appeared to accurately detect the presence of muscle inflammation, although correlations with clinical measures of myositis disease activity such as strength and serum creatine kinase were mixed.4.A word on amyloidSkeletal muscle amyloid deposition was evaluated using [11C]PIB-PET in two studies and [18F] florbetapir PET/CT in one study. In all three studies, PET or PET/CT was able to differentiate sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) from non-IBM myositis.ConclusionPET or PET/CT performs relatively well as a malignancy screening tool for people with IIM in comparison to standard screening methods. While false positives for malignancy on PET can lead to unnecessary invasive investigations, this also occurs with conventional screening. PET/CT also appears to be a beneficial tool for detecting ILD in those with IIM and may predict its severity. While PET/CT may detect skeletal muscle inflammation in IIM, its utility beyond the standard and readily available diagnostic tests for measuring muscle disease activity remains unclear. Early evidence indicates PET-amyloid may be able to subtype IBM from non-IBM myopathic disease, although more data are needed. More research is needed to evaluate whether PET could be used as a tool for detecting cardiac involvement in IIM, or if extending the PET scan field of view might increase the cancer detection yield and permit a more accurate assessment of extramuscular manifestations in IIM. PET/CT holds promise as a single tool that can simultaneously evaluate multiple aspects of IIM early in the diagnostic process. These include screening for associated malignancy in high-risk patients, stratifying higher risk ILD, and providing information on muscle inflammation.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Huang, Hung-Ling, Wen-Chih Lin, Wei-Lun Tsai, Chia-Tse Weng, Meng-Yu Weng, Chun-Hsin Wu, and Yuan-Ting Sun. "Coexistence of Multiple Myositis-Specific Antibodies in Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 6972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11236972.
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The mutual exclusivity of myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) has been reported before, but the coexistence of 2 or more MSAs was still found in a few case reports. This study aims to confirm the existence and prevalence of double MSAs in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and to clarify the clinical features of these patients. One hundred fifty-one patients with IIM diagnosed from 1 July 2018 to 31 July 2022, at National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan, were enrolled and divided into two groups, patients with ≤1 MSA (n = 128, 84.8%) and those with ≥2 MSAs (n = 23, 15.2%) according to the initial serology results. After being re-examined by ANA-IIF assay, 8 out of 23 patients were confirmed to have ≥2 MSAs. The demographic data and clinical features were presented. The prevalence of double-positive MSAs among IIM was 5.3% in this cohort. The coexistence of two MSAs in an IIM patient does exist but is rare. Patients with two MSAs belonging to two distinct IIM subtypes presented clinical features skewed to one subtype instead of “mixed phenotypes”. No apparent difference in clinical severity was found between patients with ≥2 MSAs and ≤1 MSA. Longer follow-ups and more studies are required to characterize the patients of IIM with ≥2 MSAs.
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Che, Weng Ian, Karin Hellgren, Olof Stephansson, Ingrid E. Lundberg, and Marie Holmqvist. "Pregnancy outcomes in women with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, before and after diagnosis—a population-based study." Rheumatology 59, no. 9 (January 30, 2020): 2572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez666.
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Abstract Objectives To examine pregnancy outcomes among births to women with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) in relation to time of IIM diagnosis using population-based data. Methods This study used Swedish nationwide registers to identify all singleton births that occurred between 1973 and 2016 among women diagnosed with IIM between 1998 and 2016 and among women unexposed to IIM. We classified births according to the IIM status of the mother at time of delivery: post-IIM (n = 68), 1–3 years pre-IIM (n = 23), >3 years pre-IIM (n = 710) and unexposed to IIM (n = 4101). Multivariate regression models were used to estimate relative risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in post-IIM births and pre-IIM births separately, in comparison with their non-IIM comparators. Results We found that post-IIM births had increased risks of caesarean section [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.64], preterm birth (aRR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.28, 8.73) and low birth weight (aRR = 5.69; 95% CI: 1.84, 17.55) compared with non-IIM comparators. We also noticed higher frequencies of caesarean section and instrumental delivery in 1–3 years pre-IIM births than in the non-IIM comparators. Conclusion Women who gave birth after IIM diagnosis had higher risks of caesarean section, preterm birth and low birth weight. These results further underline the importance of special care and close monitoring of women with IIM. Higher frequencies of caesarean section and instrumental delivery in pre-IIM births highlight the need for future research on the influence of subclinical features of IIM on pregnancy outcomes.
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Kamperman, Renske G., Anneke J. van der Kooi, Marianne de Visser, Eleonora Aronica, and Joost Raaphorst. "Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment of Dermatomyositis and Immune Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies: A Focused Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 4301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084301.
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Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), collectively known as myositis, are a composite group of rare autoimmune diseases affecting mostly skeletal muscle, although other organs or tissues may also be involved. The main clinical feature of myositis is subacute, progressive, symmetrical muscle weakness in the proximal arms and legs, whereas subtypes of myositis may also present with extramuscular features, such as skin involvement, arthritis or interstitial lung disease (ILD). Established subgroups of IIM include dermatomyositis (DM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS), overlap myositis (OM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Although these subgroups have overlapping clinical features, the widespread variation in the clinical manifestations of IIM suggests different pathophysiological mechanisms. Various components of the immune system are known to be important immunopathogenic pathways in IIM, although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms causing the muscle damage remain unknown. Current treatment, which consists of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents, often fails to achieve a sustained beneficial response and is associated with various adverse effects. New therapeutic targets have been identified that may improve outcomes in patients with IIM. A better understanding of the overlapping and diverging pathophysiological mechanisms of the major subgroups of myositis is needed to optimize treatment. The aim of this review is to report on recent advancements regarding DM and IMNM.
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Lazarou, Ilias N., and Pierre-André Guerne. "Classification, Diagnosis, and Management of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 5 (March 15, 2013): 550–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120682.
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The detection and characterization of a large array of autoantibodies, including at least 8 different antisynthetase, anti-SRP, -200/100 (HMGCR), -Mi-2, -CADM-140 (MDA5), -SAE, -p155, -MJ (NXP-2), and -PMS1, frequently associated with distinct and well-defined clinicopathological features, allowed for significant improvement in the definition and diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Classification remains difficult, with lingering divergence between the different specialties involved in IIM care, but several categories clearly stand out, including dermatomyositis (DM), overlap myositis (OM), polymyositis, necrotizing myositis, and sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM). Biopsy and histological analysis remain crucial, particularly in the absence of autoantibodies, to accurately specify the diagnosis and rule out mimics such as muscular dystrophies and metabolic myopathies. Numerous infectious agents (in particular human immunodeficiency virus and human T cell lymphotrophic virus-1) and drugs (statins, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors) can cause mimic IIM that must also be excluded. Pharmacological treatment, in addition to glucocorticoids and immunoglobulins, now includes mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab, which proved helpful in resistant cases, particularly rituximab in DM and OM. Exercise, initially seen as potentially deleterious, recently was shown to be efficacious and safe. IIM can thus be reasonably well controlled in most cases, although aggressive disease remains refractory to treatment, including some cases of necrotizing myopathy. Sporadic IBM still seems resistant to all medications tested to date.
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Kamperman, Renske G., Anneke J. van der Kooi, Marianne de Visser, Eleonora Aronica, and Joost Raaphorst. "Pathophysiologische Mechanismen und Behandlung von Dermatomyositis und immunvermittelten nekrotisierenden Myopathien: Ein fokussiertes Review." Kompass Autoimmun 4, no. 3 (2022): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000525646.
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Idiopathische entzündliche Myopathien (IIM), allgemein als Myositis bekannt, sind eine gemischte Gruppe von seltenen Autoimmunerkrankungen, die hauptsächlich Skelettmuskeln betreffen, obwohl auch andere Organe oder Gewebe beteiligt sein können. Das wichtigste klinische Merkmal der Myositis ist eine subakute, fortschreitende, symmetrische Muskelschwäche in den proximalen Armen und Beinen, während Subtypen der Myositis auch außermuskuläre Merkmale wie Hautbeteiligung, Arthritis oder interstitielle Lungenerkrankung (ILD) aufweisen können. Zu den etablierten Untergruppen der IIM gehören die Dermatomyositis (DM), die immunvermittelte nekrotisierende Myopathie (IMNM), das Antisynthetase-Syndrom (ASyS), die Myositis bei Overlap-Syndrom (OM) und die Einschlusskörpermyositis (IBM). Obwohl sich die klinischen Merkmale dieser Untergruppen überschneiden, deuten die großen Unterschiede in den klinischen Manifestationen der IIM auf unterschiedliche pathophysiologische Mechanismen hin. Es ist bekannt, dass verschiedene Komponenten des Immunsystems bei der IIM eine wichtige Rolle spielen, obwohl die genauen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, die zu den Muskelschäden führen, noch unbekannt sind. Die derzeitige Behandlung, die aus Glukokortikoiden und anderen immunsuppressiven oder immunmodulierenden Wirkstoffen besteht, führt häufig nicht zu einer anhaltenden positiven Reaktion und ist mit verschiedenen unerwünschten Wirkungen verbunden. Es wurden neue therapeutische Ziele identifiziert, die die Ergebnisse bei Patienten mit IIM verbessern könnten. Ein besseres Verständnis der sich überschneidenden und abweichenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen der wichtigsten Untergruppen der Myositis ist notwendig, um die Behandlung zu optimieren. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, über die jüngsten Fortschritte bei DM und IMNM zu berichten.
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Lundberg, Ingrid E., Anna Tjärnlund, Matteo Bottai, Victoria P. Werth, Clarissa Pilkington, Marianne de Visser, Lars Alfredsson, et al. "2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 12 (October 27, 2017): 1955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211468.
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ObjectiveTo develop and validate new classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and their major subgroups.MethodsCandidate variables were assembled from published criteria and expert opinion using consensus methodology. Data were collected from 47 rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric clinics worldwide. Several statistical methods were used to derive the classification criteria.ResultsBased on data from 976 IIM patients (74% adults; 26% children) and 624 non-IIM patients with mimicking conditions (82% adults; 18% children), new criteria were derived. Each item is assigned a weighted score. The total score corresponds to a probability of having IIM. Subclassification is performed using a classification tree. A probability cut-off of 55%, corresponding to a score of 5.5 (6.7 with muscle biopsy) ‘probable IIM’, had best sensitivity/specificity (87%/82% without biopsies, 93%/88% with biopsies) and is recommended as a minimum to classify a patient as having IIM. A probability of ≥90%, corresponding to a score of ≥7.5 (≥8.7 with muscle biopsy), corresponds to ‘definite IIM’. A probability of <50%, corresponding to a score of <5.3 (<6.5 with muscle biopsy), rules out IIM, leaving a probability of ≥50 to <55% as ‘possible IIM’.ConclusionsThe European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria for IIM have been endorsed by international rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric groups. They employ easily accessible and operationally defined elements, and have been partially validated. They allow classification of ‘definite’, ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ IIM, in addition to the major subgroups of IIM, including juvenile IIM. They generally perform better than existing criteria.
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Galindo-Feria, A. S., B. Horuluoglu, J. Day, C. Cerqueira, S. Proudman, I. E. Lundberg, and V. Limaye. "POS0883 DETECTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST MUSCLE-SPECIFIC FOUR-AND-A-HALF-LIM DOMAIN 1 (FHL1) IN INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES: RESULTS FROM A SINGLE-CENTER COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 697.3–698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3640.
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Background:Autoantibodies targeting a muscle-specific autoantigen, four-and-a-half-LIM-domain 1 (FHL1), have been previously identified in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) (1).Objectives:The aim of this project was to determine the prevalence and associations of anti-FHL antibody in South Australian patients with histologically-confirmed IIM and in an autoimmune disease control (systemic sclerosis (SSc)).Methods:Sera from patients with IIM (n=267) from the South Australian Myositis Database (SAMD), and SSc (n=174) from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS) followed at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, and healthy controls (HC, n=100) were analyzed for anti-FHL1 autoantibodies by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Clinical, serological and histological details were retrieved from the SAMD and the ASCS.Results:Autoantibodies to FHL1 were more frequent in patients with IIM (55/267, 20.5%) compared with SSc (18/174, 10%) (p<0.001) and HC (4/100, 4%) (p<0.001). Muscular vessel inflammation and atrophy were seen more frequently in IIM anti-FHL1+ patients compared with anti-FHL1- (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Dysphagia, marked muscle atrophy, and high CK levels were frequent in anti-FHL1+ patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM) and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). In 35/54 anti-FHL1+ patients, there were no other myositis-specific autoantibodies present. Anti-FHL1 autoantibodies in patients with SSc were associated with gastric antral vascular ectasia.Conclusion:Anti-FHL1 autoantibodies were detected in 20.5% of IIM patients. In IBM and IMNM, the presence of anti-FHL1-autoantibodies was associated with a severe myopathy as suggested by presence of dysphagia and muscle atrophy.References:[1]Albrecht I, Wick C, Hallgren A, Tjarnlund A, Nagaraju K, Andrade F, et al. Development of autoantibodies against muscle-specific FHL1 in severe inflammatory myopathies. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(12):4612-24.Disclosure of Interests:Angeles Shunashy Galindo-Feria: None declared, Begum Horuluoglu: None declared, Jessica Day: None declared, Catia Cerqueira: None declared, Susanna Proudman: None declared, Ingrid E. Lundberg Consultant of: Consulting fees from Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Grant/research support from: Research grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and Astra Zeneca, Vidya Limaye Consultant of: Scientific adviser for Actelion and Boehringer-Ingelheim, Grant/research support from: PI for clinical trials for Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Corbus, and CSL
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Svensson, John, Marie Holmqvist, Ingrid E. Lundberg, and Elizabeth V. Arkema. "Infections and respiratory tract disease as risk factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a population-based case–control study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 11 (August 30, 2017): 1803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211174.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the association between infection or respiratory tract disease and future risk of developing idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).MethodsA case–control study was performed using Swedish nationwide registers. Adults with newly diagnosed IIM were identified (2002–2011) from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Swedish Rheumatology Register (n=957). Controls were matched by age, sex and place of residence (n=9476). Outpatient visits and hospitalisations preceding IIM diagnosis indicating infection or respiratory disease were identified from NPR. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate OR and 95% CI. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying the exposure definition, adjusting for previous healthcare consumption and excluding individuals with connective tissue disease, IIM lung phenotype or IIM-associated cancer.ResultsPreceding infections were more common in IIM cases compared with controls (13% vs 9%) and were associated with an increased risk of IIM (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9). Gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections were associated with an increased risk of IIM while cutaneous infections were not.Preceding respiratory tract disease was present in 10% of IIM cases and 4% of controls (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.0). Both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases were associated with an increased risk of IIM.Variations in exposure and outcome definitions did not greatly affect the results.ConclusionsInfections and respiratory tract diseases are associated with an increased risk of IIM which suggests that the triggering of the immune system may take place outside the skeletal muscle.
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Tripoli, A., S. Barsotti, A. Delle Sedie, G. Aringhieri, S. Vitali, R. Neri, D. Caramella, and M. Mosca. "FRI0263 QUANTITATIVE MUSCLE ULTRASOUND IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES-A PRELIMINARY STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 716.2–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5856.
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Background:Muscle involvement is the most frequent clinical feature in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). In addition to muscular enzymes, muscular magnetic resonance has been investigated for the assessment of disease activity, but it is limited by high costs and it is not readily available. Muscle ultrasound (MUS) has been recently proposed as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and activity assessment of muscle involvement in IIM patients.Objectives:To define the role of MUS in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in IIM through quantitative analysis of MUSMethods:This was a prospective study conducted from February 2019 to November 2019. 41 patients with IIM: 17 men and 24 women, median age 61.4 years, of which 20 were polymyositis (PM), 16 dermatomyositis (DM) and 5 inclusion body myositis (IBM) were included. 30 healthy subjects (HS), comparable in age and gender to patients, were recruited as controls. In every patient and control MUS of upper and lower extremities was performed (in total 10 muscles per side) and digital images were saved. Quantitative muscle echo intensity (QME) was calculated using an image processing program (ImageJ) to obtain the mean value of greyscale (mGS) for each muscle. For patients with IIM creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were recorded, duration of disease (in months) was calculated and clinical evaluation tools for the assessment of disease activity were performed, such as manual muscle testing (MMT8), patient and physician visual analogue scales (pVAS, phVAS), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) and myositis disease activity assessment tool (MDAAT).Results:Patients had higher values of mGS across all muscles examined than controls (p<0.001). Among patients QME showed a negative correlation with MMT8 (p<0.001, -0.641<r<-0.412), but no correlation with CPK levels or duration of disease. A positive correlation was found between QME and HAQ (p<0.05; 0.320<r<0.599), pVAS (0.003<p<0.046; 0.314<r<0.455) and phVAS (0.029<p<0.002; 0.341<r<0.471). No significant correlation was found between QME and MDAAT and no statistically significant differences of muscle echo intensity were observed between patients with IBM, DM and PM.Conclusion:Quantitative analysis of MUS showed to be useful to differentiate IIM patients from healthy subjects, therefore it could be a helpful technique to screen patients with muscular symptoms in which perform additional investigations. In our study, the data collected did not allow to assess the disease activity of IIM patients and did not allow to distinguish between the 3 different subgroups of IIM patients, but further studies may help in the identification of different muscular patterns to guide the clinical suspect and the possible role of MUS in the follow-up of the patients.Disclosure of Interests:Alessandra Tripoli: None declared, Simone Barsotti: None declared, Andrea Delle Sedie Speakers bureau: MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Abbvie, Celgene, Giacomo Aringhieri: None declared, Saverio Vitali: None declared, Rossella Neri: None declared, Davide Caramella: None declared, Marta Mosca: None declared
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Li, Zhilin. "FROM IIM TO AUGMENTED IIM: A POWERFUL TOOL FOR COMPLEX PROBLEMS USING CARTESIAN MESHES." Advanced Calculation and Analysis 3, no. 1 (August 17, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21065/2520-596x/3.1.
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The immersed interface method (IIM) ?rst proposed in is an accurate numerical method for solving elliptic interface problems on Cartesian meshes. It is a sharp interface method that was intended to improve accuracy of the immersed boundary (IB) method. The IIM is second order accurate in the maximum norm (pointwise, strongest) while the IB method is ?rst order accurate. The ?rst IIM paper is one of the most downloaded one from the SIAM website and is one of the most cited papers. While IIM provided a way of accurate discretization of the partial differential equations (PDEs) with discontinuous coefficients, the augmented IIM ?rst proposed in made the IIM much more efficient and faster by utilizing existing fast Poisson solvers. More important is that the augmented IIM provides an efficient way for multi-physics models with different governing equations, problems on irregular domains, multi-scales and multi-connected domains. A brie?y introduction of the augmented strategy including some recently progress is presented in this article.
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Dobloug, Gerd Cecilie, John Svensson, Ingrid E. Lundberg, and Marie Holmqvist. "Mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from a Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 77, no. 1 (August 16, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211402.
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Patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) suffer an increased burden of comorbidities, but data on mortality in recently diagnosed IIM are conflicting. Also, little is known when, if ever, in relation to IIM diagnosis, mortality is increased.MethodsA population-based IIM cohort of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2011 and general population comparators were identified using healthcare registers. They were linked to the cause of death register for follow-up.Results224 (31%) of the 716 patients with IIM and 870 (12%) of the 7100 general population died during follow-up. This corresponded to a mortality rate of 60/1000 person-years in IIM and 20/1000 person-years in the general population. The cumulative mortality at 1 year after diagnosis was 9% in IIM and 1% in the general population, and increased in both IIM and the general population with time. The overall hazard ratio (HR) 95%CI of death comparing IIM with the general population was 3.7 (3.2 to 4.4). When we stratified on time since diagnosis, we noted an increase in mortality already within the first year of diagnosis compared with the general population, HR 9.6 (95% CI 6.9 to 13.5). This HR then plateaued around 2 after >10 years with the disease, although the estimates were not statistically significant. Malignancies, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system were common causes of death.ConclusionMortality is increased in patients with contemporary IIM. The increased mortality was noted within a year of diagnosis, which calls for extra vigilance during the first year of IIM diagnosis.
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Aranda S., Elisa A., Teresa Alarcón O., Rossana Faúndez H., and Margarita Arancibia S. "Diagnóstico de Reflujo faringolaríngeo mediante Impedanciometría con pHmetría esofágica en niños con disfonía crónica." Andes Pediatrica 92, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i6.3064.
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Reflujo Faringolaríngeo (RFL) es el flujo retrógrado del contenido gástrico o duodenal hacia faringe y laringe, generando inflamación en el tracto aerodigestivo superior. Tradicionalmente se utilizaba pHmetría con índice de reflujo ácido. La impedanciometría con pHmetría esofágica (pH-IIM) permite confirmar una relación causal entre síntomas sospechosos y RFL.Objetivos: Estudiar la presencia de RFL diagnosticado por pH-IIM en población pediátrica consultante por disfonía crónica y hallazgos laringoscópicos sugerentes de RFL, además, evaluar la concordancia entre pH-IIM y pHmetría tradicional.Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de pacientes consultantes en policlínico de Gastroenterología u Otorrinolaringología por disfonía crónica, cuya nasofibrolaringoscopía (NFL) fue sugerente de RFL. Los pacientes fueron hospitalizados para realizar pH-IIM de 24 hrs. Se excluyeron pacientes con antecedentes mórbidos congénitos o adquiridos. Se consideró RFL patológico si había 3 o más episodios de reflujo ácido a nivel proximal en pH-IIM. Se evaluó frecuencia de pHmetría tradicional y pH-IIM alteradas y la concordancia entre ambos métodos.Resultados: Se reclutaron 12 pacientes, 10 varones, de 6 a 15 años. En 9/12 se confirmó RFL patológico por pH-IIM, de los cuales 2/9 presentaban pHmetría tradicional en rangos normales y 7/9 pHmetría alterada. En 3 pacientes se descartó RFL por pH-IIM proximal normal. La concordancia entre pH-IIM y pHmetría tradicional fue aceptable (kappa 0,4).Conclusiones: 75% de los pacientes con disfonía y NFL sugerente mostraron evidencia objetiva de RFL patológico. Dado que sólo con la evaluación clínica, NFL y pHmetría convencional no es posible hacer diagnóstico de RFL, recomendamos hacer pH-IIM para mayor certeza diagnóstica, evitando un tratamiento innecesario y no libre de efectos indeseados en 25% de los casos.
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Leclair, Valérie, John Svensson, Ingrid E. Lundberg, and Marie Holmqvist. "Acute Coronary Syndrome in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Population-based Study." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 11 (March 15, 2019): 1509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.181248.
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Objective.Evidence suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of ACS in an incident IIM cohort compared to the general Swedish population.Methods.A cohort of 655 individuals with incident IIM and 6813 general population comparators were identified from national registries. IIM subjects were diagnosed from 2002 to 2011. Followup started at IIM diagnosis and corresponding date in the general population. ACS, CV comorbidities, and CV risk factors were defined using International Classification of Diseases codes. Incidence rates including 95% CI were calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of ACS in patients with IIM and the general population. The competing risk of death was accounted for using competing risk regression models.Results.The incidence rate of ACS in IIM was higher than in the general population, particularly within the first year of diagnosis and in older individuals. The overall ACS incidence rate in IIM was 15.6 (95% CI 11.7–20.4) per 1000 person-years, with an HR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.8–3.2) compared with the general population. When accounting for the competing risk of death, the risk of ACS in IIM remained increased with a cumulative incidence of 7% at 5 years compared to 3.3% in the general population.Conclusion.IIM individuals are at higher risk of ACS, particularly within the first year after diagnosis.
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Zhang, Yiwen, Xiaoqian Yang, Li Qin, Qiang Luo, and Han Wang. "Left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A meta-analysis and systematic review." Modern Rheumatology 32, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mr/roab041.
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ABSTRACT Objectives Recent studies have confirmed that heart failure is one of the most important causes of death in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Left ventricle diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is closely associated with heart failure. Our aim is to determine if the prevalence of LVDD is increased in IIM patients. Methods We performed a time- and language-restricted literature search to identify studies conducted to compare the echocardiographic parameters in IIM patients and controls. Mean differences were used to calculate the effect sizes of the echocardiographic parameters. Results A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised a total of 227 juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients, 391 adult IIM patients, and 550 controls. The adult IIM patients had lower mitral annular early diastolic velocity (eʹ) and peak of early diastolic flow velocity/peak of late diastolic flow velocity (E/A) ratio compared to controls. The mean left atrial dimension and E/eʹ ratio was higher in adult IIM patients as compared to controls. Similarly, in JDM patients, the decreased eʹ was also observed. Conclusion Patients with IIM were more likely to have echocardiographic parameters indicative of diastolic dysfunction. The early heart assessments should be performed in IIM patients.
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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya, Arini Khoiriyah, Pardoyo Pardoyo, Abdul Haris, and Nabilah Anindita Febriola. "Polysulfone Influence on Au Selective Adsorbent Imprinted Membrane Synthesis with Sulfonated Polyeugenol as Functional Polymer." Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120390.
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An ionic imprinted membrane (IIM) was synthesized using sulfonated polyeugenol, derived from eugenol, as its functional polymer and polysulfone as its base membrane for the selective adsorption of Au(III). This study aims to determine the adsorption of Au(III) metal ions using IIM compared with the non-imprinted membrane (NIM) and to figure out the membrane selectivity towards Au(III) in mixed solutions of Au/Cd, Au/Cu, and Au/Fe. IIM has a pore size of 0.767 μm while the non-imprinted membrane (NIM) has a pore size of 0.853 μm. The best adsorption result was obtained in the variation of the membrane with the addition of 3.84 g of polysulfone that had pores according to the size of Au. The selectivity results of the Au/Cd mixture solution in NIM and IIM were 17.802 and 36.265. In the mixture of Au/Cu, the NIM and IIM selectivity was 2.386 and 6.886, and in the mixed solution of Au/Fe, the selectivity of NIM and IIM was 0 and 8.489. Thus, the selectivity of IIM towards Au is bigger than NIM.
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Ge, Yongpeng, and Linrong He. "Coexistence of Axial Spondyloarthritis and Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy." Case Reports in Rheumatology 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8840642.
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Both axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) are infrequent, and their coexistence is even rarer; there are a few reported cases in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess their association and clinical and laboratory features in our patients. The clinical data of patients with axSpA and IIM diagnosed in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from July 2015 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. This study included 7 patients with axSpA who met the IIM criteria, including 3 males and 4 females. The age of onset was 16 to 39 years. Four patients were HLA-B27 positive, and three were negative. All patients were first diagnosed as axSpA, and then IIM was detected after 0.5–20 years (mean ± SD, 9.9 ± 5.0 years). After being diagnosed to have axSpA and IIM, those patients were given prednisone and immunosuppressant drugs, and their symptoms gradually improved. Our study provides further evidence of the coexistence of IIM with axSpA. In patients with axSpA who have skin rash, interstitial lung disease (ILD), myalgia, or muscle weakness, we should suspect that they may have IIM.
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Heřmánková, B., M. Špiritović, S. Oreska, H. Štorkánová, H. Smucrova, M. Komarc, M. Klein, et al. "POS0849 SEXUAL FUNCTION IS IMPAIRED IN WOMEN WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 678.2–679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1955.
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Background:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare diseases characterized by chronic muscle inflammation and multiple organ involvement. These serious clinical manifestations can be associated with significant impairment of quality of life, including sexual life.Objectives:This study aimed to compare sexual function in patients with IIM to age-/sex-matched healthy controls (HC) and determine the potential impact of clinical features on sexual function.Methods:In total, 62 women with IIM [mean age: 53.1, disease duration: 5.2 years, dermatomyositis (DM, 29)/ polymyositis (PM, 27)/ necrotizing myopathy (IMNM, 5)/ inclusion body myositis (IBM, 1)], who fulfilled the Bohan/Peter 1975 criteria for DM/PM, or ENMC criteria for IMNM or IBM, and 62 healthy controls (HC) (mean age: 53.1) without rheumatic diseases filled in 11 well-established and validated questionnaires assessing sexual function (FSFI, SFQ28, BISF-W, SQoL-F), pelvic floor function (PFIQ-7, PISQ-12), fatigue (FIS, Fatigue Impact Scale), physical activity (HAP, Human Activity Profile), disability (HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire), depression (BDI-II, Beck’s Depression Inventory-II), and quality of life (SF-36, Medical outcomes study Short Form 36 – PCS, Physical Component Summary; MCS, Mental Component Summary). A routine laboratory testing was performed. Data are presented as median (IQR).Results:Patients with IIM reported significantly greater prevalence and severity of sexual dysfunction (FSFI, BISF-W, SFQ28, SQoL-F) and pelvic floor dysfunction (PISQ-12, PFIQ-7) compared to HC (Table 1). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with IIM according to the FSFI cut-off score was 59%. Worse scores in IIM patients were associated with greater muscle weakness of m. gluteus maximus [MMT: FSFI (r=0.289, p=0.035), PFIQ-7 (r=-0.407, p=0.003)], m. gluteus medius [MMT: PFIQ-7 (r=-0.381, p=0.005)], more pronounced fatigue [FIF: SQoL-F (r=-0.412, p=0.003)], severer depression [BDI-II: SQoL-F (r=-0.459, p=0.0007)], worse functional disability [HAQ: FSFI (r=-0.436, p=0.005)], reduced physical activity [HAP: FSFI (r=0.403, p=0.001), SQoL-F (r=0.368, p=0.007)], and decreased quality of life [SF-36 PCS: FSFI-total (r=0.381,p=0.002), SF-36 MCS: SQoL-F (r=0.407, p=0.002)]. We did not observe any associations with disease duration, the current prednisone dose, or serum levels of muscle enzymes.Conclusion:Women with IIM reported significantly impaired sexual function and pelvic floor function compared to age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Worse scores in IIM were associated with disease-related features.Table 1.Sexual function and pelvic floor function in women with IIM and healthy controlsQuestionnaire: score range (meaning)IIM (n=62)HC (n=62)p-valueFSFI: Female Sexual Function Index: 2 (worst) - 36 (best)18.2 (3.2-28.5)28.4 (14.4-32.1)p=0.006BISF-W: Brief Index of Sexual Function forWomen: -16 (worst) - 75 (best)18.6 (2.7-32.3)34.0 (8.0-44.7)p=0.004SQoL-F: Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire – Female: 0 (worst) - 100 (best)60.0 (41.4-83.6)86.7 (70.8-95.6)p<0.0001PISQ–12: Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form: 0 (best) - 48 (worst)14.5 (9.0-18.0)8.0 (5.0-12.0)p<0.0001PFIQ7: Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire – short form 7: 0 (best) - 300 (worst)4.8 (0.0-23.8)0.0 (0.0-4.8)p=0.052SFQ-28: Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-28 desire: 5 (worst) - 31 (best)18.0 (13.3-20.0)19.0 (17.0-22.0)p=0.042SFQ-28 arousal sensation: 4 (worst) - 20 (best)9.5 (7.0-11.0)12.0 (9.0-14.3)p=0.082SFQ-28 arousal lubrication: 2 (worst) - 10 (best)6.0 (4.0-8.0)7.0 (5.0-9.0)p=0.112SFQ-28 arousal cognitive: 2 (worst) - 10 (best)6.0 (4.3-7.0)6.0 (5.0-7.3)p=0.235SFQ-28 orgasm: 1 (worst) - 15 (best)11.0 (8.0-13.0)12.0 (9.8-13.0)p=0.279SFQ-28 pain: 2 (worst) - 15 (best)12.0 (10.0-15.0)15.0 (13.0-15.0)p=0.004SFQ-28 enjoyment: 6 (worst) - 30 (best)19.0 (14.3-24.3)23.0 (19.0-25.0)p=0.027SFQ-28 partner: 2 (worst) - 10 (best)9.0 (8.0-10.0)10.0 (9.0-10.0)p=0.012Acknowledgements:Supported by MHCR 023728, GA UK 1578119, and SVV 260373Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Ulfah, Yetty Faridatul. "Transformation Management Islamic Institute Becomes a World-Class Institute: Strategy Planning and Implementation." Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v5i2.198.
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One of the fundamental challenges for education in the era of globalization is that educational institutions must make changes or transformations. This study aims to analyze 1) the transformation of the management of IIM Surakarta into a World-Class Islamic Institute, 2) the strategy in the strategic plan of IIM Surakarta, 3) the implementation of the strategic plan IIM Surakarta. This research approach is descriptive qualitative by applying the case study method at IIM Surakarta. Data were collected using observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. The results of this study reveal that. 1) The management aspect of the transformation of IIM Surakarta into a World-Class Islamic Institute includes planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating; 2) Strategy is made by conducting a SWOT analysis, and 3) Implementation of the Strategic Plan of IIM Surakarta includes two things, namely setting goals and preparing annual strategic programs.
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Baird, Geoffrey S., and Thomas J. Montine. "Multiplex Immunoassay Analysis of Cytokines in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-232-miaoci.
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Abstract Context.—Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), including dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion-body myositis, can be difficult to diagnose. Objective.—To determine if a multiplex immunoassay for markers of inflammation in muscle homogenates correlates with a diagnosis of IIM. Design.—Frozen archived muscle biopsy specimens from 30 patients with IIM and 34 patients without IIM were homogenized and analyzed for cytokine content with a multiplex microbead-based immunoassay system. Analyte concentrations were normalized to total lysate protein concentration prior to comparison. Results.—Two cytokines, interleukin 1ra and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and 1 soluble adhesion molecule, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, were found at significantly greater concentrations in muscle samples from patients with IIM. Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 levels alone were 83% sensitive and 91% specific for IIM at a cutoff of 1240 pg/mg muscle protein. Conclusions.—Immunoassays for selected inflammatory markers can serve in conjunction with histopathologic analysis as sensitive and specific tools for the diagnosis of IIM.
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Watanabe, Eri, Kazunori Kato, Takahisa Gono, Emiko Chiba, Chihiro Terai, and Shigeru Kotake. "Serum levels of galectin-3 in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a potential biomarker of disease activity." Rheumatology 60, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa305.
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Abstract Objectives Galectin-3 is involved in various biological activities, including immune activations and fibrosis. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune diseases of unknown aetiology, often complicated by interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of galectin-3 in sera and tissues of patients with IIM and assess the associations of galectin-3 with patient characteristics and disease activity. Results Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in IIM patients than in healthy controls. The serum galectin-3 levels positively correlated with serum levels of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the Myositis Intention-to-Treat Activity Index. Stratification analysis revealed that patients with IIM-associated ILD (IIM-ILD) had significantly higher levels of serum galectin-3 than those without IIM-ILD. In addition, patients with acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia had significantly higher levels of serum galectin-3 than those with chronic interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, serum galectin-3 levels in IIM-ILD patients correlated with the radiological assessments of parenchymal lung involvement and treatment response. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that galectin-3 was expressed in inflammatory cells of myositis and dermatitis sections, whereas in ILD sections, galectin-3 was expressed in interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cells. Conclusion Galectin-3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic conditions in IIM and can serve as a potential biomarker of disease activity, especially in patients with IIM-ILD.
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De Lorenzo, R., S. Cavalli, F. Bonomi, S. Tronci, S. L. Calvisi, S. Previtali, and P. Rovere-Querini. "AB0567 CHARACTERIZATION OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY AND MYOCARDIAL INVOLVEMENT: A MONO-CENTRIC EXPERIENCE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1580.3–1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6248.
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Background:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are immune-mediated disorders of the skeletal muscle, with dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis (IBM) and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) representing major subtypes. Beyond skeletal muscle, other organs may be affected and myocardial involvement may lead to severe life-threatening complications. The exact prevalence of myocardial involvement among IIM patients and its impact on other disease characteristics remain unclear.Objectives:To investigate the prevalence of myocarditis in patients affected by IIM in and to determine whether the presence and extent of myocardial involvement identify a distinct disease phenotype.Methods:42 longitudinally followed IIM patients were routinely screened for myocardial involvement during a median [IQR] follow-up time of 4.2 [2-8.5] years. Patients with secondary causes of myocardial dysfunction were not included. Patients were considered to have myocarditis in case of:i) abnormal elevation of both circulating troponin T and troponin I,ii) signs of myocardial inflammation or necrosis/fibrosis at cardiac MRI, oriii) positive myocardial tissue histology. Demographic, clinical and serologic features of patients with myocarditis were compared to those with no sign of myocardial involvement. Moreover, we determined whether the extent of myocardial involvement based on troponin levels predicts skeletal muscle disease severity.Results:57.1% (24 of 42) of patients had myocarditis. The frequency of myocardial dysfunction was similar among patients with DM, PM, IBM or IMNM and was not related to autoantibody positivity. Myocarditis was not associated with sex or ethnicity. Patients with or without myocarditis were similar in terms of age at disease onset and extra-muscular manifestations including dysphonia, dysphagia, arthralgias or arthritis, Raynaud phenomenon or interstitial lung disease. Independent of the IIM subtype, the presence of perimysial macrophages at skeletal muscle biopsy seems to protect from myocarditis development (p=0.04). Patients with myocarditis had higher median [IQR] levels of aldolase (10.9 [7.8-15.8] vs. 5.6 [4.9-8.6], p=0.014) and creatine kinase (1785 [966-5852] vs. 685 [168-2255], p=0.04) compared to patients with no myocardial dysfunction. Among patients with myocarditis, levels of troponin I negatively correlated with manual muscle testing 8 (MMT8) score (r=-1, p=0.01), strength in biceps (r=-0.95, p=0.014) and wrist extensors (r=-0.95, p=0.014) at last visit. Troponin T and troponin I titers were similar among patients with different IIM subtypes. C-reactive protein (p<0.04) but not erythrocyte sedimentation rate was found to predict myocardial involvement.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that myocarditis is a frequent occurrence among patients with IIM and should be routinely ruled out. A more severe skeletal muscle disease is associated with an increased likelihood of myocarditis development, presumably due to higher systemic disease activity or inefficient disease control. The extent of myocardial damage faithfully reflects the severity of skeletal muscle dysfunction.References:[1]Dalakas MC. Inflammatory muscle diseases. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 30;372(18):1734-47. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1402225.[2]Schwartz T, Diederichsen LP, Lundberg IE, et al. Cardiac involvement in adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. RMD Open 2016;2:e000291. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2016- 000291.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Che, Weng Ian, Karin Hellgren, Ingrid E. Lundberg, and Marie Holmqvist. "Reproductive Pattern in Women with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: A Population-based Study." Journal of Rheumatology 47, no. 9 (August 15, 2019): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.190474.
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Objective.To examine the reproductive pattern of women with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) compared to the general population.Methods.Population-based, nationwide registers were used to identify offspring of women with IIM and comparators.Results.Women with IIM in general had similar reproductive patterns as the comparators, whereas in those diagnosed between 26 and 45 years of age, there was an overall trend for fewer children as well as a higher proportion of nulliparity and a lower fertility rate in women with dermatomyositis than their comparators.Conclusion.Reproductive attention should be paid to patients with IIM diagnosed during the childbearing period.
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Vokurková, M., L. Vernerová, M. Špiritović, H. Štorkánová, S. Oreska, M. Klein, J. Ukropec, B. Ukropcová, M. Tomčík, and J. Vencovský. "OP0136 THE INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM EXERCISE AND IN VITRO EXERCISE-MIMICKING STIMULATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF MYOKINES AND CYTOKINES IN MYOTUBES OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 88.2–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5543.
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Background:It has been demonstrated several times that endurance exercise has beneficial effects on the condition of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Muscle contraction during exercise is a major stimulus for the release of myokines that are supposed to take part in the beneficial adaption to exercise.Objectives:The aim of this study was to find out how a six-month physiotherapy andin vitroexercise-mimicking treatment affect myokine and cytokine production in myotubes of IIM patients.Methods:Seven patients with chronic IIM took part in a six-month physiotherapy (stretching and strengthening), which significantly improved their muscle strength and endurance. IIM patients (n=7) before and after the six months exercise and their respective healthy counterparts (HC, n=9) underwent amusculus vastus lateralisbiopsy. Isolated skeletal muscle cells were grown, differentiated into myotubes, which were treated with a pharmacological cocktail: palmitate, forskolin and ionomycin (PFI) to mimic exercise-stimulated contractions in vitro. Myokine and cytokine concentrations produced by myotubes to the culture medium were analyzed with ELISA and the multiplex immunoassay, respectively. RT-PCR was used for the evaluation of myokine gene expression in the cultured myotubes.Results:Compared to myotubes of healthy controls, myotubes of IIM patient released more myostatin and activin A into the medium. The myostatin gene was expressed significantly more in muscle cells of patients than in healthy controls’ cells (p<0.05). After a six-month rehabilitation program, activin A secretion was four-fold reduced in myotubes of patients with IIM, while myostatin release and gene expression remained unchanged. In myotubes of IIM patients, less follistatin and more follistatin like 3 were detected in the culture medium compared to HC myotubes. Myotubes derived from IIM patients after six months of rehabilitation secreted twice as much follistatin and half the amount of follistatin like 3 into the medium than myotubes derived from IIM patients prior to rehabilitation (p<0.05). There was no difference in secretion of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) between myotubes of IIM patients and myotubes of HC. However, six-month exercise significantly (p<0.05) reduced release of IL-6, TNF and VEGF in myotubes of IIM patients. Contrary to our expectation, stimulation of PFI had no effect on the release of myostatin, activin A, follistatin and follistatin like 3, or the expression of their genes. PFI treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased IL-6 secretion in myotubes from HC and IIM patients prior to six months of rehabilitation. On the other hand, it was observed that myotubes of HC and IIM patients exposed to the PFI cocktail secreted significantly less inflammatory cytokines IL-17, TNF and VEGF into the medium compared to unstimulated myotubes (p<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion, long-term exercise influenced the production of myokines and decreased release of inflammatory cytokines in myotubes of IIM patients.In vitroexercise-mimicking treatment increased the secretion of IL-6 and decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines as IL-17, TNF-α and VEGF in myotubes of patients with IIM and healthy individuals.Acknowledgments:This work was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic grants nr. 16-33746A and donation 140.0000008.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Párraga Prieto, Cristina, Fowzia Ibrahim, Richard Campbell, Hector Chinoy, James Galloway, and Patrick Gordon. "Similar risk of cardiovascular events in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and rheumatoid arthritis in the first 5 years after diagnosis." Clinical Rheumatology 40, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05237-7.
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Abstract Objectives To estimate the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the general population. To explore the contribution of traditional CV risk factors to any difference observed. Methods A retrospective matched population-based cohort study was conducted using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) from 1987 to 2013. The incidence of CV events was calculated for each cohort over time and compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariable analyses were used to adjust for traditional CV risk factors. Results A total of 603 patients with IIM 4047 RA and 4061 healthy controls were included. The rate of CV events in IIM was significantly greater than healthy controls [hazard ratio (HR) 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.83)] and remained significant after adjustment for CV risk factors [HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.11–1.72)]. Risk was similar between IIM and RA [HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.78–1.31)]. The rate of myocardial infarction [HR 1.61 (95% CI 1.27–2.04)] but not stroke [HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.59–1.44)] was significantly greater in IIM compared to healthy controls. After the first 5 years, the rate of CV events for RA remained significantly greater compared to the control group, but appeared to return to that of the healthy controls in the IIM group. Conclusion IIM is associated with an increased risk of CV events in the first 5 years after diagnosis similar to that of RA. Beyond 5 years, the risk appears to return to that of the general population in IIM but not RA. Key Points• The excess risk of cardiovascular events in IIM is similar to that found in RA.• The excess risk of cardiovascular events is greatest in the first 5 years after diagnosis.
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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, Pardoyo Pardoyo, Didik Setiyo Widodo, Retno Ariadi Lusiana, and Anggun Yuliani. "In-Situ Ionic Imprinted Membrane (IIM) Synthesis Based on Acetic Polyeugenoxy Acetyl Tiophen Methanolate for Gold(III) Metal Ion Transports." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.49941.
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In this research, Polyeugenoxy Acetyl Tiophen Methanolate (PEATM)-Au ionic imprinted membrane (IIM) was synthesized. IIM is a PEATM based membrane that has Au(III) ion molds. The PEATM synthesis was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, and its relative molecular weight was determined by the viscometry method. To find out the presence of Au(III) templates on IIM, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDX were used. The results of FTIR spectroscopy & SEM-EDX analysis prove the existence of Au(III) metal ion templates at IIM. Through FTIR spectra, it could be seen that the absorption area of the -OH group was widening. In the IIM, the CS group wave number (702.9 cm–1) also shifted to a larger wavenumber (848.68 cm–1), this is likely due to the presence of PEGDE as a crosslinker agent and PVA as a plasticizer on the membrane that interacts with PEATM-Au, which influences the shift of vibrational wavenumber of CS bonds. It was also found that the most effective pH of the feed phase for the transport was at pH 3, and the most optimum transport time was 24 h for IIM and 48 h for NIM. The transport of Au in binary mixture of Au/Cd, Au/Fe, and Au/Pb also proves that the presence of Au(III) ions in IIM makes IIM more selective to Au(III) metal ions than NIM when used for the transport process as it transports Au more than the other metals. These results were as expected by using the HSAB theory as its groundwork.
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Basualto-Alarcón, Carla, Félix A. Urra, María Francisca Bozán, Fabián Jaña, Alejandra Trangulao, Jorge A. Bevilacqua, and J. César Cárdenas. "Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy human derived cells retain their ability to increase mitochondrial function." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): e0242443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242443.
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Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) have been studied within the framework of autoimmune diseases where skeletal muscle appears to have a passive role in the illness. However, persiting weakness even after resolving inflammation raises questions about the role that skeletal muscle plays by itself in these diseases. "Non-immune mediated" hypotheses have arisen to consider inner skeletal muscle cell processes as trigger factors in the clinical manifestations of IIMs. Alterations in oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production, calcium handling, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, among others, have been proposed as alternative cellular pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, we used skeletal muscle-derived cells, from healthy controls and IIM patients to determine mitochondrial function and mitochondrial ability to adapt to a metabolic stress when deprived of glucose. We hypothesized that mitochondria would be dysfunctional in IIM samples, which was partially true in normal glucose rich growing medium as determined by oxygen consumption rate. However, in the glucose-free and galactose supplemented condition, a medium that forced mitochondria to function, IIM cells increased their respiration, reaching values matching normal derived cells. Unexpectedly, cell death significantly increased in IIM cells under this condition. Our findings show that mitochondria in IIM is functional and the decrease respiration observed is part of an adaptative response to improve survival. The increased metabolic function obtained after forcing IIM cells to rely on mitochondrial synthesized ATP is detrimental to the cell’s viability. Thus, therapeutic interventions that activate mitochondria, could be detrimental in IIM cell physiology, and must be avoided in patients with IIM.
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Ichimura, Yuki, Takashi Matsushita, Yasuhito Hamaguchi, Kenzo Kaji, Minoru Hasegawa, Yoshinori Tanino, Yayoi Inokoshi, et al. "Anti-NXP2 autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: possible association with malignancy." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, no. 5 (January 17, 2012): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200697.
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ObjectivesMyositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) are useful tools for identifying clinically homogeneous subsets and predicting prognosis of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) including polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Recent studies have shown that anti-NXP2 antibody (Ab) is a major MSA in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). In this study the frequencies and clinical associations of anti-NXP2 Ab were evaluated in adult patients with IIM.MethodsClinical data and serum samples were collected from 507 adult Japanese patients with IIM (445 with DM and 62 with PM). Eleven patients with JDM, 108 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 433 with systemic sclerosis and 124 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were assessed as disease controls. Serum was examined for anti-NXP2 Ab by immunoprecipitation and western blotting using polyclonal anti-NXP2 Ab.ResultsSeven patients (1.6%) with adult DM and one (1.6%) with adult PM were positive for anti-NXP2 Ab. Except for two patients with JDM, none of the disease controls were positive for this autoantibody. Among eight adult patients with IIM, three had internal malignancies within 3 years of diagnosis of IIM. Another patient with DM also had a metastatic cancer at the diagnosis. All of the carcinomas were at an advanced stage (stage IIIb–IV).ConclusionsWhile less common than in juvenile IIM, anti-NXP2 Ab was found in adult IIM. Anti-NXP2 Ab may be associated with adult IIM with malignancy.
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Milata, Viktor, Dušan Ilavský, Igor Goljer, and Lubomír Zalibera. "Thermal Cyclocondensation of Ethyl (1-Methyl-5- and 6-Benzimidazolyl/benzotriazolyl)aminomethylenepropanedioates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 5 (1994): 1145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19941145.
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Thermal cyclocondensation of starting ethyl (1-methyl-5- and 6-benzimidazolyl/benzotriazolyl)aminomethylenepropanedioates (Ia - Ie) in aprotic medium gives angularly condensed ethyl azolo[4,5-f]quinolonecarboxylates IIa, IIc, IIe and azolo[5,4-f]quinolonecarboxylates IIb, IId, respectively, which are hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid III in acid medium. The structure of reaction products has been confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and UV spectroscopy.
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Jinnin, Masatoshi, Akiko Ohta, Shoichiro Ishihara, Hirofumi Amano, Tatsuya Atsumi, Manabu Fujimoto, Takashi Kanda, et al. "First external validation of sensitivity and specificity of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with a Japanese cohort." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215488.
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ObjectiveTo externally validate the performance of the new European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria set for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) with a Japanese cohort.MethodsThis study included 420 IIM and 402 non-IIM cases. Probability of having IIM in each patient was calculated using the collected data set. The cut-off probability was set at 55%, as recommended by EULAR/ACR. Patients classified as IIM by the criteria were further subclassified with classification trees.ResultsWhen the probability cut-off was set at 55%, the sensitivity/specificity of the new criteria to diagnose IIM were 89.3%/91.0% in the total cohort, 88.1%/95.1% without muscle biopsy data and 90.4%/65.5% with biopsy data. The cohort included 12 overlap syndrome patients with biopsy data, who were included as non-IIM cases in accordance with traditional Japanese methods. When they were included in the IIM cases, the specificity in patients with biopsy increased to 74.4%. The sensitivity/specificity of the new criteria to diagnose polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) plus juvenile and amyopathic DM in the Japanese cohort was 87.4%/92.4%, which were greater than those of the Tanimoto’s criteria revised to enable classification of amyopathic DM (ADM) (71.2%/87.8%) and were comparable with those of Bohan & Peter’s criteria to diagnose those diseases except for ADM (88.4%/88.3%).ConclusionsOur study externally validated high specificity of the new criteria for the first time, although with several limitations, including low percentage of child patients. The new criteria have higher sensitivity and/or specificity in classification of PM/DM than the previously reported criteria, demonstrating its usefulness for interethnic patients.
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Silva, André Macedo Serafim, Eliene Dutra Campos, and Edmar Zanoteli. "Inflammatory myopathies: an update for neurologists." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 80, no. 5 suppl 1 (May 2022): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2022-s131.
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ABSTRACT Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogenous group of treatable myopathies. Patients present mainly to the rheumatologist and neurologists, complaining of acute or subacute onset of proximal weakness. Extramuscular manifestations may occur, including involvement of the lungs, skin, and joints. Classically, the diagnosis used to be made based on the creatine kinase level increase, abnormalities in electroneuromyography and presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the muscle biopsy. Recently, the importance of autoantibodies has increased, and now they may be identified in more than half of IIM patients. The continuous clinicoseropathological improvement in IIM knowledge has changed the way we see these patients and how we classify them. In the past, only polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myopathy were described. Currently, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, overlap myositis and antisynthetase syndrome have been considered the most common forms of IIM in clinical practice, increasing the spectrum of classification. Patients previously considered to have polymyositis, in fact have these other forms of seropositive IIM. In this article, we reviewed the new concepts of classification, a practical way to make the diagnosis and how to plan the treatment of patients suffering from IIM.
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Thomas, Andrea, Kenneth D. Locke, and Bernhard Strauß. "Das Inventar zur Erfassung interpersonaler Motive (IIM)." Diagnostica 58, no. 4 (October 2012): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000074.
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Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung und Validierung des Inventars zur Erfassung interpersonaler Motive (IIM)–eine deutsche Version der Circumplex Scales of interpersonal Values (CSIV, Locke, 2000). Es handelt sich um ein Instrument der Interpersonalen Forschungstradition, d. h. die Struktur des IIM berücksichtigt das theoretische interpersonale Circumplexmodell (IPC) zur Messung interpersonaler Ziele entlang der beiden Dimensionen Agency und Communion. Die acht Skalen zu je acht Items bilden die Oktanten des Kreismodells ab. Anhand klinischer und nicht klinischer Stichproben wird die Validierung des IIM vorgestellt. Das IIM wurde hinsichtlich der psychometrischen und circumplexbezogenen Item- und Skalenparameter, der Konstruktvalidität (Fit mit dem IPC-Modell, Konvergenz bzw. Divergenz zu anderen Messinstrumenten sowie Diskrimination von Patienten der Diagnose Soziale Phobie von einer gesunden Vergleichsgruppe) und der Reliabilität (Cronbachs Alpha, Test-Retest-Reliabilität) geprüft. Das IIM empfiehlt sich gleichermaßen für sozialpsychologische und differentielle Fragestellungen wie für den Einsatz in Psychotherapiestudien.
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D’silva, K., L. Lu, A. Ogdie, A. Aviña, and H. Choi. "OP0247 PERSISTENT PREMATURE MORTALITY GAP IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY: A GENERAL POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 155.1–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2230.
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Background:Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is associated with significant premature mortality; however, whether the mortality gap has improved over recent years is unknown.Objectives:To determine trends in premature mortality in patients with IIM in a large cohort, representative of the United Kingdom (UK) general population.Methods:Using The Health Improvement Network (THIN), an electronic medical record database representative of the UK general population, we identified patients with incident IIM between 18 and 89 years of age (defined by at least one Read diagnosis code for dermatomyositis, polymyositis, or interstitial myositis with at least one year of continuous enrollment in THIN prior to the cohort entry date) and up to 10 controls without IIM matched on age, sex, birth year, and database entry year. The cohort was divided in two based on the year of IIM diagnosis: the early cohort (1999-2006) and the late cohort (2007-2014). We calculated adjusted hazard ratios for death using a multivariable Cox-proportional hazards model and adjusted rate differences using an additive hazard model.Results:The early cohort consisted of 355 patients with IIM and 3182 matched controls, while the late cohort consisted of 396 IIM patients and 3551 matched controls. In both cohorts, IIM patients had excess mortality compared to matched controls [57.4 vs. 15.2 deaths/1000 person-years (PY) in the early cohort and 43.2 vs. 14.1 deaths/1000 PY in the late cohort] (Table). The corresponding multivariate mortality hazard ratios were 2.73 (95% CI, 1.85 to 4.03) vs. 2.61 (95% CI, 1.75 to 3.89) in the early and late cohorts, respectively (p-value for interaction = 0.63) (Figure). The absolute multivariate mortality differences were 36.6 (95% CI, 20.4 to 52.8) and 25.8 (95% CI, 13.7 to 37.9) deaths/1000 PY, in the early and late cohorts, respectively (p-value for interaction = 0.24).Conclusion:In this general population-based cohort study, patients with IIM had over 2.5 times the risk of death compared to matched controls, even after adjusting for comorbidities and medications. Unlike trends seen in rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, there appears to be no improvement in mortality in IIM in recent years. This highlights the need for improved strategies for the management of patients with IIM and its comorbidities.Table.Association between idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and all-cause mortality according to time period.1999-20062007-2014IIM cohort (n=355)Non-IIM cohort (n=3182)IIM cohort (n=396)Non-IIM cohort (n=3551)p-value for interactionFollow-up time, years (mean ± SD)2.6 ± 2.12.9 ± 2.13.2 ± 2.43.5 ± 2.4Number of deaths5314055177Death rate/1000 PY (95% CI)57.4 (43.0, 75.1)15.2 (12.7, 17.9)43.2 (32.5, 56.2)14.1 (12.1, 16.3)Age-, sex-, and entry year-matched hazard ratio (95% CI)4.02 (2.89, 5.59)1.00 (ref)3.43 (2.49, 4.73)1.00 (ref)0.50Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)*2.73 (1.85, 4.03)1.00 (ref)2.61 (1.75, 3.89)1.00 (ref)0.63Age-, sex-, and entry year-matched rate difference/1000 PY (95% CI)42.2 (26.6, 57.9)0.0 (ref)29.1 (17.5, 40.7)0.0 (ref)0.24Multivariable-adjusted rate difference/1000 PY (95% CI)36.6 (20.4, 52.8)0.0 (ref)25.8 (13.7, 37.9)0.0 (ref)0.24* Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, entry year, number of GP visits, BMI, smoking status (i.e., non-smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers), alcohol consumption (i.e., non-drinkers, ex-drinkers, current drinkers), comorbidities, and medication use.PY, person-year; BMI, body mass index; GP, general practitionerFigure.Cumulative mortality of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and matched controls without IIM in early versus late cohorts (1999-2006 versus 2007-2014).Disclosure of Interests:Kristin D’Silva: None declared, Leo Lu: None declared, Alexis Ogdie Grant/research support from: Pfizer to Penn, Novartis to Penn, Amgen to Forward/NDB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Corrona, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Antonio Aviña: None declared, Hyon Choi Grant/research support from: Ironwood, Horizon, Consultant of: Takeda, Selecta, Horizon, Kowa, Vaxart, Ironwood
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Vernerová, L., M. Vokurková, S. Oreska, M. Špiritović, M. Klein, T. Kropackova, V. Horvathova, et al. "POS0480 VITAMIN D AND ITS RECEPTOR (VDR) GENE EXPRESSION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE ASSOCIATE WITH DISEASE AND MUSCLE FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 495.1–495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2598.
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BackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are chronic inflammatory disorders characterised, apart from extramuscular manifestations, by symmetrical progressive muscle weakness that may persist even after pharmacological suppression of inflammation, suggesting a significant involvement of nonimmune mechanisms. Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle, and mounting evidence supports its relation to muscle damage, regeneration, and energy metabolism.ObjectivesThe aim was to analyse vitamin D and the mediators of its function in muscle tissue of IIM patients, and to associate it with muscle health parameters.MethodsA total of 46 IIM patients (40 females, 6 males; mean age 56.7±12.4; disease duration 6.5±6.0 years; dermatomyositis (21), polymyositis (18), necrotizing myopathy (7)) and 67 healthy controls (HC) (56 females, 11 males; mean age 50.9±14.7) were recruited. In total, 27 IIM patients participated in a 24-week intervention combining activities-of-daily-life, resistance and stability training [1]. Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis (by Bergström needle) were obtained from 7 IIM patients before/after the 24-week training program, and from 13 control IIM patients, and 21 HC. Primary muscle cell cultures were established from these samples. Disease-associated parameters were evaluated by MYOACT/MITAX, MDI, VAS, HAQ, MMT8, FI-2 and CK, myoglobin, LD, ALT, AST, and CRP levels. Myostatin, as a myokine involved in muscle atrophy, was determined from serum samples by ELISA. Circulating concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D (calcidiol) and active 1,25(OH) vitamin D (calcitriol) were measured by routine biochemistry techniques. Gene expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), an enzyme catalysing calcidiol conversion to hormonally active calcitriol, was determined by real-time PCR in muscle tissue and primary muscle cell cultures. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsDecreased levels of active 1,25(OH)D were observed in IIM patients compared to HC (125.0±45.4 vs. 164.7±49.2 pmol/l; p<0.0001). No difference was found for 25(OH)D. The 24-week training program did not have an effect on 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)D serum levels. 25(OH)D was significantly associated with CRP (r=-0.322, p=0.040), MITAX (r=-0.380, p=0.021) and HAQ (r=-0.370, p=0.017) in IIM patients, even after correction for BMI, gluccocorticoid (GC) and vitamin D daily supplementation dose. After 24 weeks of exercise, active 1,25(OH)D was positively associated with MMT8 (r=0.866, p<0.0001), FI2 (r=0.608, p=0.013) and HAQ (r=-0.537, p=0.032) (corrected for BMI, GC and vit.D supplementation). Numerically higher gene expression of VDR and CYP27B1 was found in muscle tissue and primary muscle cells in IIM compared to HC. After the 24-week training, gene expression of both VDR and CYP27B1 in primary muscle cells decreased (p=0.031 and p=0.078, respectively). Associations of VDR gene expression with myoglobin (IIM: r=0.510, p=0.026; HC: r=0.473, p=0.035), MMT8 (IIM: r=-0.559, p=0.013), myostatin (IIM: r=-0.519, p=0.023; HC: r=0.586, p=0.005), and CK (HC: r=0.484, p=0.031) were observed in muscle tissue. CYP27B1 gene expression in the muscle was also associated with myoglobin (HC: r=0.501, p=0.024), MMT8 (IIM: r=-0.555, p=0.011) and VDR (IIM: r=0.561, p=0.012; HC: r=0.632, p=0.002).ConclusionDecrease of the biologically active form of vitamin D in circulation suggests an impairment of its metabolism in IIM. Vitamin D serum levels and gene expression of its receptor and activating enzyme in muscle tissue associate with disease activity and muscle function parameters indicating an important role of vitamin D in physical fitness and disease manifestations in IIM patients.References[1]Špiritović M, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):173.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic grant nr. NU21-05-00322.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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bin Selamat, Mat Salim, Nur’atikah binti Khusairi, Nurul Izzaty binti Abdul Gaffar, and Siti Nur Syafiqah binti Syed Huzaini. "The Integral Iterative Method for Approximate Solution of Newell-Whitehead-Segel Equation." Mathematical Sciences and Informatics Journal 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mij.v3i1.13009.
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In this paper, the Newell-Whitehead-Segel (NWS) equation is solved using the integral iterative method (IIM) to determine the accuracy and effectiveness of the method. Comparison of results obtained by IIM with the exact solution and other existing results obtained by other methods such as new iterative method (NIM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) revealed the accuracy and effectiveness of the method. The approximation results obtained by IIM is comparable with the others. IIM is reliable and easier in solving the nonlinear problems since this method is simple, straightforward and does not require calculating multiple integral and demand less computational work.
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Shore, Anna, Angela S. Rossney, Conor T. Keane, Mark C. Enright, and David C. Coleman. "Seven Novel Variants of the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Ireland." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 5 (May 2005): 2070–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.5.2070-2083.2005.
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ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered in Irish hospitals between 1971 and 2002 were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (n = 130) and SCCmec typing (n = 172). Where atypical SCCmec typing results were obtained, PCR amplification of entire SCCmec elements, analysis of amplimer mobility, and nucleotide sequencing were undertaken. MLST revealed that 129/130 isolates had the same genotypes as internationally spread MRSA clones, including ST239, ST247, ST250, ST5, ST22, ST36, and ST8. A novel genotype, ST496, was identified in one isolate. Half of the isolates (86/172) had SCCmec type I, IA, II, III, or IV. The remaining 86 isolates harbored novel SCCmec variants in three distinct genetic backgrounds: (i) 74/86 had genotype ST8 and either one of five novel SCCmec II (IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, and IIE) or one of two novel SCCmec IV (IVE and IVF) variants; (ii) 3/86 had genotype ST239 and a novel SCCmec III variant; (iii) 9/86 had a novel SCCmec I variant associated with ST250. SCCmec IVE and IVF were similar to SCCmec IVc and IVb, respectively, but differed in the region downstream of mecA. The five SCCmec II variants were similar to SCCmec IVb in the region upstream of the ccr complex but otherwise were similar to SCCmec II, except for the following regions: SCCmec IIA and IID had a novel mec complex, A.4 (ΔmecI-IS1182-ΔmecI-mecR1-mecA-IS431mec); SCCmec IIC and IIE had a novel mec complex, A.3 (IS1182-ΔmecI-mecR1-mecA-IS431mec); SCCmec IID and IIE lacked pUB110; SCCmec IIC and IIE lacked a region of DNA between Tn554 and the mec complex; and SCCmec IIB lacked Tn554. This study has demonstrated a hitherto-undescribed degree of diversity within SCCmec.
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Hanata, Norio, Yasuo Nagafuchi, Yusuke Sugimori, Satomi Kobayashi, Yumi Tsuchida, Yukiko Iwasaki, Hirofumi Shoda, and Keishi Fujio. "Serum Amphiregulin and Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor as Biomarkers in Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 3730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163730.
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Background. The epidermal growth factors amphiregulin (AREG) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) are implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, but their clinical and pathological roles in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) are unclear. Methods. Serum AREG and HB-EGF levels were measured by ELISA in patients with IIM (n = 37), systemic sclerosis (n = 17), and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 10), and for seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Associations between serum AREG or HB-EGF levels and the clinical parameters were analyzed. Results. Serum AREG levels in IIM patients were significantly elevated compared to those in HCs (median, 20.7 and 10.7 pg/mL, respectively; p = 0.025). In particular, serum AREG levels in IIM patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) were higher than those of HCs (22.4 pg/mL, p = 0.027). The disease duration in patients with elevated serum AREG levels was significantly shorter compared to those who had normal serum AREG levels (7 and 21 months, respectively; p = 0.0012). Serum HB-EGF levels were significantly increased in IIM patients with elevated CK levels (136.2 pg/mL; p = 0.020) and patients with anti-Mi-2 antibody (183.7 pg/mL; p = 0.045) compared to those in HCs (74.9 pg/mL). Conclusion. These results suggested that AREG could be a promising biomarker associated with early-phase IIM-related ILD, and that HB-EGF expression was associated with muscle injury and regeneration in IIM.
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Hočevar, A., B. Radič, M. Krosel, M. Tomsic, and Z. Rotar. "POS1194 COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 924.2–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.385.
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BackgroundOlder age, male sex, multimorbidity and glucocorticoids emerged in rheumatic patients as risk factors for severe COVID-19.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of COVID-19 in a well-defined cohort of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).MethodsWe analyzed medical records of IIM patients diagnosed and followed at our secondary/tertiary center between January 2005 and December 2021.ResultsDuring the 204-month period IIM was newly diagnosed in 191 patients, of whom 52 died before COVID-19 pandemic. Of the remaining 139 patients (69.8% females; 9 polymyositis, 47 dermatomyositis; 38 antisynthetase syndrome, 26 overlap syndrome; 17 immune mediated necrotizing myopathy; 2 inclusion body myositis), SARS-CoV-2 infection was proven in 13 (9.4%) patients (61.5% females, mean (SD) age at infection 62.9 (±16.8 years)). Seven/13 COVID-19 patients (53.8%) had a diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome. At the time of infection IIM was in a remission in 12/13 patients and relapsed 5 weeks earlier in one patient. Seven patients were without immunomodulatory therapy, 1 patient was on steroids alone, 2 on DMARD alone, 3 on steroids and DMARD; a mean daily prednisolone equivalent dose was 5 mg). Eleven/13 (84.6%) patients had mild COVID-19 (one had an asymptomatic infection) and were treated symptomatically, while 2 patients were hospitalized due to severe infection (respiratory insufficiency). Table 1 shows clinical characteristics and duration of COVID-19 symptoms. During pandemic overall 9/139 (6.5%) patients with IIM died, including one patient due to COVID-19.Table 1.Characteristics of COVID-19 in IIM patientsLegend: IIM idiopathic inflammatory myopathy; PM polymyositis, DM dermatomyositis; ASyS antisynthetase syndrome, OS overlap syndrome; IMNM immune mediated necrotizing myopathy; F female; M male; DMARD immunomodulatory drug.ConclusionIn our IIM cohort, antisynthetase syndrome represented a higher relative risk for COVID-19 compared to other IIIM subtypes.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Djunaidi, Muhammad Cholid, Fadjrin Nur Rahmayani, and Khabibi Khabibi. "Synthesis of Ionic Imprinted Membrane (IIM) Based on Sulfonated Polyeugenol for Selective Transport of Gold (III) Metal Ions from Motherboard Waste." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 25, no. 4 (April 25, 2022): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.4.161-168.
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Ionic imprinted membrane (IIM) was successfully synthesized using sulfonated polyeugenol, a derivative of eugenol as a functional polymer, with PVA as a base membrane and PEGDE as a crosslinker. IIM Au(III) is a membrane with an Au(III) ion template. This study aimed to determine the pH effect of a feed phase for selective transport of IIM Au(III), comparing it with a non-imprinted membrane (NIM) against Au3+ metal ions from motherboard waste. It also aimed to compare the membrane selectivity of Au3+ metal ions to Cu2+ metal ions, which are also found in motherboard waste. Gold samples were prepared using H(AuCl4) standard and leaching solutions from motherboard waste. The leaching of the motherboard used aqua regia and the assistance of a microwave to accelerate the leaching process. The optimum transport of Au3+ metal ions was when using IIM Au(III) at pH 3. This proved that the presence of a template affected IIM Au(III) to recognize Au(III) ions. IIM Au(III) showed higher selectivity than NIM, as evidenced by the percentage in the receiving phase of the Au3+ metal ions, which was more significant than the Cu2+ metal ions from the motherboard leaching solution.