Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'III-V nanostructure'
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Gallo, Pascal. "Nanostructure III-V pour l'électronique de spin." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134772.
Full textMolière, Timothée. "Intégration de matériaux III-V sur silicium nanostructuré pour application photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066638.
Full textFor over thirty years researchers have attempted to combine Si and GaAs. Alternative GaAs-on-Si substrates have a considerable market potential for replacing the costly GaAs or Ge substrate in producing traditional GaAs devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, LEDS, lasers, and microwave devices, and as a new technology for monolithic integration of GaAs elements and silicon integrated circuits. However, major challenges remaining until now must be overcome.In that way, we propose an interesting concept that allows III-V heteroepitaxy on silicon. This concept is based on the Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) by CBE from nanoscale holes through an ultra-thin silica layer. This technique allows us to obtain GaAs microcrystals without any defect and perfectly integrated on Si thanks to nanoscaled nucleation seeds which prevent dislocation generation due to lattice mismatch. The concept being validated, the study has continued using a 2nd approach of nanostructuration to allow crystal localization. The achievement of getting a GaAs pseudo-layer on silicon substrate without any defect or stain would be of great interest for the formerly mentioned applications.So the integration concept of III-V materials on silicon will be introduced, then growth resultants by these techniques, and material characterizations in order to qualify the integrated GaAs on silicon regarding to the opto- and electronic applications. Finally, the structure of a GaAs/Si tandem solar cell will be discussed. After proving this solar cell could reach a 29.2% conversion efficiency, first achievements will be revealed
Zhang, Tiantian. "Injection de spin dans des systèmes à base de semiconducteurs III-V en vue de nouveaux composants spintroniques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0005/document.
Full textSpintronics of semiconductors aims at using carrier spins as supplementary means of information transport. Thiswould lead to components showing extended functionalities. This thesis work is dedicated to the study of injectionand manipulation of electron spin in semiconductors, which are the basis of any spintronic application. In a first stepwe demonstrate the high efficiency of CoFeB/MgO/GaAs - based spin injectors. Circular polarization degrees of electroluminescence over 20% are measured on spin polarized LEDs (SpinLEDs) at 0.8 T and 25 K. Comparison betweensputtering- and MBE- grown spin injectors has shown similar results. In both case, spin injection efficiency is increasedby thermal annealing of the sample, in the range 300 − 350◦C. Indeed, annealing improves the quality of CoFeB/MgOinterface, and induces the crystallization of CoFeB above 300◦C. A higher stability of spin injection with current injectionis found when the tunnel barrier is grown by sputtering. This is due to the MgO/GaAs interface characteristicswhich is related to the growth technique. In a second step, we demonstrate spin injection without external appliedmagnetic field, through an ultra-thin (a few atomic layers) CoFeB electrode, taking advantage of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the layer which leads to a remanant magnetization along the growth axis. For the first time in this configuration, circular polarization degrees of electroluminescence of about 20% are measured at 25 K at zero magnetic field. In a third step, due to the crucial role it may play in electrical injection, electron spin dynamics in high energy L-valleys is investigated. Using polarization resolved excitation photoluminescence in the range 2.8-3.4 eV, we observe that a fraction of photogenerated spin polarization is preserved when electrons are scattered hundreds of meV down to Γ valley. Spin relaxation time in L valleys is estimated to 200 fs. Finally we investigate electron and spin properties of GaAsBi dilute bismide alloy. We observe that the bandgap energy is reduced by 85meV/%Bi when Bi element is introduced into GaAs matrix. Moreover, the electron Land´e factor is about twice the one in GaAs for a 2.2% Bi composition. These features are evidence of the strong perturbation of host states and spin-orbit interaction enhancement
Verzelen, Olivier. "Interaction électron-phonon LO dans les boîtes quantiques d'InAs/GaAs." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066365.
Full textSCACCABAROZZI, ANDREA. "GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot intermediate band solar cells." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/40117.
Full textGrange, Thomas. "Relaxation et décohérence des polarons dans les boîtes quantiques de semi-conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333256.
Full textNous prenons tout d'abord en compte le couplage fort entre excitons et phonons optiques afin de calculer l'absorption interbande sous champ magnétique.
Nous calculons ensuite le temps de vie des états polarons, dont l'instabilité est due à leur composante phonon. Nous démontrons la nécessité de prendre en compte de manière détaillée les différents processus anharmoniques, dont l'efficacité dépend fortement de l'énergie du polaron. Ces calculs permettent d'expliquer les variations non monotones du temps de vie mesuré des polarons avec leur énergie.
Nous étudions ensuite la dynamique de relaxation dans les boîtes doublement chargées, où l'interaction spin-orbite, associée aux couplages électron-phonon, entraîne des processus de retournement du spin entre états singulets et triplets.
Finalement, nous étudions la cohérence optique de la transition intrabande fondamentale, dont l'élargissement avec la température est dû aux transitions réelles et virtuelles vers le deuxième état excité.
Jaffal, Ali. "Single photon sources emitting in the telecom band based on III-V nanowires monolithically grown on silicon." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI019.
Full textA telecom band single photon source (SPS) monolithically grown on silicon (Si) substrate is the Holy Grail to realize CMOS compatible devices for optical-based information technologies. To reach this goal, we propose the monolithic growth of InAs/InP quantum dot-nanowires (QD-NWs) on silicon substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) method. In the beginning, we have focused our efforts on optimizing the growth conditions aiming at achieving ultra-low NWs density without any pre-growth or post-growth efforts allowing us to optically excite a single QD-NW on the as-grown sample and to preserve the monolithic growth on silicon. Subsequently, we have turned our attention on enhancing the InAs QD light extraction from the InP NW waveguide towards the free space to achieve a bright source with a Gaussian far-field (FF) emission profile to efficiently couple the single photons to a single-mode optical fiber. This was done by controlling the NW geometry to obtain needlelike-tapered NWs with a very small taper angle and a NW diameter tailored to support a single mode waveguide. Such a geometry was successfully produced using a temperature-induced balance over axial and radial growths during the gold-catalyzed growth of the NWs. Optical measurements have confirmed the single photon nature of the emitted photons with g2(0) = 0.05 and a Gaussian FF emission profile with an emission angle θ = 30°. For optimal device performances, we have then tackled a crucial issue in such NW geometry represented by the unknown polarization state of the emitted photons. To solve this issue, one solution is to embed a single QD in a NW with an asymmetrical cross-section optimized to inhibit one polarization state and to improve the emission efficiency of the other one. An original growth strategy was proposed permitting us to obtain highly linearly polarized photons along the elongated axis of the asymmetrical NWs. Finally, the encapsulation of the QD-NWs within amorphous silicon (a-Si) waveguides have opened the path to produce fully integrated SPSs devices on Si in the near future
Gallo, Pascal. "Nanostructures III-V pour l'électronique de spin." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000156/.
Full textSelf-organised growth of quantum dots seems to be one of the best methods to obtain nanostructures able to confine carriers in the three directions of space. Growth is performed by molecular beam epitaxy; this technique provides high quality crystals, coherently with their environment. However, its major drawback is that it generates randomly sized structures, which is detrimental for device applications. A solution to this odd is to pattern the substrate in order to create regularly spaced nucleation sites for the quantum dots. The technique employed to do so is nanoimprint, which prevents from creating non radiative recombination centers in the substrate. This work shows state of the art results of luminescence from nanoimprinted regrown structures. Quantum dots are here applied to spintronics, which principle is to use the spin of the carriers as a support of quantum information. Three major obstacles have to be overcome in this field; first, polarized carriers have to be injected in the semiconductor; second, the polarized carriers have to be transported through the material; finally, the carriers may recombine, providing polarized photons. In this thesis, we design a device that allows characterizing all these parameters: the spinLED. Quantum dots allow a particularly good efficiency in the conversion of polarized carriers into polarized photons. As the spin relaxation times of the carriers are short, about 100ps, it was necessary to adapt the spinLED structure to make it compatible with hyperfrequency measurements
Benallali, Hammouda. "Étude de nanostructures de semiconducteurs II-VI par sonde atomique tomographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4324.
Full textNanostructures of II-VI nanostructure have many applications in microelectronics, optoelectronics and photonics. For example, II -V quantum dots have shown the ability to be a source of single photons. In this work, we performed in the chemical and structural characterization of nanostructures of II-VI semiconductors (self- organized quantum dots (QDs), nanowires II-VI and III- V ...) by atom probe tomography (APT). Firstly, the analysis conditions of III-V and II- VI semiconductors by APT were optimized. Then, we studied the chemical composition of II-VI/III-V interfaces and showed the formation of a Ga2.7Se3 compound at the ZnSe/GaAs interface and the (Ga, Zn) cations mixing at the ZnTe/InAs interface. The measurements of the chemical composition and the sizes of quantum dots in three dimensions by APT allowed making a correlation with optical measurements. We studied also growth mechanisms of GaAs, ZnTe nanowire and the CdTe QDs inserted in ZnTe nanowires by analyzing the chemical composition of the catalysts QDs and nanowires basis. These measurements show that the quantum dots are formed of a strong mixing of CdxZn1-xTe. A scenario based on surface diffusion has been proposed to explain the growth and the mixing between Zn/Cd for the QDs
Grant, Victoria Anne. "Growth and characterisation of III-V semiconductor nanostructures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490983.
Full textNaureen, Shagufta. "Top-down Fabrication Technologies for High Quality III-V Nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Halvledarmaterial, HMA, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117766.
Full textQC 20130205
Lee, Kwan Hee. "Fabrication, spectroscopy and modelling of III-V nanostructures for photonics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442820.
Full textTey, Chun Maw. "Advanced transmission electron microscopy studies of III-V semiconductor nanostructures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14901/.
Full textGryczynski, Karol Grzegorz. "Electrostatic Effects in III-V Semiconductor Based Metal-optical Nanostructures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115090/.
Full textBIETTI, SERGIO. "Nanostructured III-V epilayers on silicon substrate for optoelectronic applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18979.
Full textJia, Roger (Roger Qingfeng). "Properties of thin film III-V/IV semiconductor alloys and nanostructures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113928.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 116-121).
A large amount of research and development has been devoted to engineering materials for the next generation of semiconductor devices with high performance, energy efficiency, and economic viability. To this end, significant efforts have been made to grow semiconductor thin films with the desired properties onto lattice constants with viable, cost effective substrates. Comparatively less effort has been made to explore III-V/IV heterovalent nanostructures and alloys, which may exhibit properties not available in existing materials. The investigation of these structures, grown using MOCVD, is the goal of this thesis and is motivated by two factors: one, that III-V/IV nanostructures should be good thermoelectrics based on the "phonon glass electron crystal" concept, and two, that (GaAs)₁-x(Ge₂)x alloys were observed to exhibit near-infrared room temperature luminescence, a result that can have significant implications for low bandgap optical devices. A survey of various growth conditions was conducted for the growth of the model GaAs/Ge system using MOCVD to gain insight in the epitaxy involving heterovalent materials and to identify structures suitable for investigation for their thermoelectric and optical properties. A significant decrease in the thermal conductivities of GaAs/Ge nanostructures and alloys relative to bulk GaAs and bulk Ge was observed. This reduction can be attributed to the presence of the heterovalent interfaces. The electron mobilities of the structures were determined to be comparable to bulk Ge, indicating minimal disruption to electron transport by the interfaces. A further reduction in thermal conductivity was observed in an (In₀.₁Ga₀.₉As)₀.₈₄(Si0₀.₁Ge₀.₉)₀.₁₆ alloy; the alloy had a thermal conductivity of 4.3 W/m-K, comparable to some state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials. Room temperature photoluminescence measurements of various compositions of (GaAs)₁-x(Ge₂)x alloys revealed a maximum energy transition of 0.8 eV. This bandgap narrowing is the result of composition fluctuations; the fluctuations create regions of lower bandgap, resulting in a weak dependence on luminescence as a function of Ge composition as well as lower bandgap than the homogeneous alloy with the same composition. As silicon was added to the (GaAs)₁-x(Ge₂)x alloy, the bandgap increased despite the composition fluctuations. Based on the results from this work III-V/IV nanostructures show promise for thermoelectric and optical applications.
by Roger Jia.
Ph. D.
Jones, Eric James Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Nanoscale quantification of stress and strain in III-V semiconducting nanostructures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98578.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 142-149).
III-V semiconducting nanostructures present a promising platform for the realization of advanced optoelectronic devices due to their superior intrinsic materials properties including direct band gap energies that span the visible light spectrum and high carrier mobilities. Additionally, the inherently high surface-to-volume ratio of nanostructures allows for the efficient relaxation of stress enabling the realization of defect free heterostructures between highly mismatched materials. As a result, nanostructures are being investigated as a route towards the direct integration of III-V materials on silicon substrates and as platforms for the fabrication of novel heterostructures not achievable in a thin film geometry. Due to their small size, however, many of the methods used to calculate stress and strain in 2D bulk systems are no longer valid as free surface effects allow for relaxation creating more complicated stress and strain fields. These inhomogeneous strain fields could have significant impacts on both device fabrication and operation. Therefore, it will be vital to develop techniques that can accurately predict and measure the stress and strain in individual nanostructures. In this thesis, we demonstrate how the combination of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and continuum modeling techniques can provide a quantitative understanding of the complex strain fields in nanostructures with high spatial resolutions. Using techniques such as convergent beam electron diffraction, nanobeam electron diffraction, and geometric phase analysis we quantify and map the strain fields in top-down fabricated InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures and GaAs/GaAsP core-shell nanowires grown by a particle-mediated vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. By comparing our experimental results to strain fields calculated by finite element analysis, we show that these techniques can provide quantitative strain information with spatial resolutions on the order of 1 nm. Our results highlight the importance of nanoscale characterization of strain in nanostructures and point to future opportunities for strain engineering to precisely tune the behavior and operation of these highly relevant structures.
by Eric James Jones.
Ph. D.
Cress, Cory D. "Effects of ionizing radiation on nanomaterials and III-V semiconductor devices /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/6278.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Tra. "Sillicon photonics based on monolithic integration of III-V nanostructures on silicon." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065999.
Full textThota, Venkata Ramana Kumar. "Tunable Optical Phenomena and Carrier Recombination Dynamics in III-V Semiconductor Nanostructures." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1451807323.
Full textRobert, Cédric. "Study of III-V nanostructures on GaP for lasing emission on Si." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR1913/document.
Full textThis PhD work focuses on the study of III-V semiconductor nanostructures for the development of laser on Si substrate in a pseudomorphic approach. GaP-based alloys and more specifically dilute nitride GaPN-based alloys are expected to guarantee a low density of crystalline defects through a perfect lattice-matched growth. An extended tight-binding model is first presented to deal with the theoretical challenges for the simulation of electronic and optical properties of semiconductor structures grown on GaP or Si substrate. The optical properties of bulk GaPN and GaAsPN alloys are then studied through temperature dependent continuous wave photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence experiments. The potential of GaAsPN/GaP quantum wells as a laser active zone is discussed in the framework of both theoretical simulations (with the tight-binding model) and experimental studies (with temperature dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence). In particular, the N-induced disorder effects are highlighted. The AlGaP alloy is then proposed as a candidate for the cladding layers. A significant refractive index contrast between AlGaP and GaP is measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry which may lead to a good confinement of the optical mode in a laser structure. The issue of band alignment is highlighted. Solutions based on the quaternary GaAsPN alloy are proposed. Finally, the InGaAs/GaP quantum dots are studied as an alternative to GaAsPN/GaP quantum wells for the active zone. The growth of a high quantum dot density and room temperature photoluminescence are achieved. The electronic band structure is studied by time-resolved photoluminescence and pressure dependent photoluminescence as well as tight-binding and k.p simulations. It demonstrates that the ground optical transition involves mainly X-conduction states
Aguinaldo, Ryan. "Modeling solutions and simulations for advanced III-V photovoltaics based on nanostructures /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7912.
Full textZandbergen, Sander R., Ricky Gibson, Babak Amirsolaimani, Soroush Mehravar, Patrick Keiffer, Ali Azarm, and Khanh Kieu. "Polarization dependent femtosecond laser modification of MBE-grown III-V nanostructures on silicon." OPTICAL SOC AMER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624969.
Full textFahed, Maria. "Selective area growth of in-plane III-V nanostructures using molecular beam epitaxy." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10114/document.
Full textThe use of nanostructures such as quantum dots and nanowires is a very promising way of integration of III-V semiconductors on silicon, since it allows answering most of the associated material challenges. Together with the continuous trend in device scaling, it should lead to the development of new highly efficient opto- and microelectronic circuits. This appeals for a full mastering of the growth and processing of 3D architectures at the nanometer scale. Consequently, the present work aims at investigating the selective area growth (SAG) of III-V semiconductors by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in nanoscale patterns. Homoepitaxial SAG of InAs and InP are first reported in order to show that the growth conditions, the opening width and the stripe directions allow tailoring the nanocrystal shape. We then achieve the SAG of in-plane GaSb nanotemplates on a highly mismatched GaAs (001) substrate at low temperature by atomic hydrogen assisted MBE. We highlight the impact of the nano-stripe orientation as well as the role of the Sb/Ga flux ratio on the strain relaxation of GaSb. Finally, from this study, we demonstrate how these GaSb nanotemplates can be used for subsequent growth of in-plane InAs nanowires
Bucamp, Alexandre. "Croissance sélective et caractérisation de nanostructures de matériaux III-V élaborées par épitaxie par jets moléculaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I067/document.
Full textThe fabrication of nanoscale devices such as high frequency and low energy consumption transistors or quantum devices exploiting ballistic electrons transport requires the development of nanostructures with low effective mass III-V materials. Several technologies exist to reach typical dimensions well below the 100-nm range. The nanostructures can be defined by a top-down approach through a combination of anisotropic dry etching and digital chemical thinning of a semiconductor layer, or by a bottom-up approach with a direct elaboration of the nanostructures. In the second case, metal-catalyst-assisted nanowire growth has been widespread since the last fifteen years. However, the fabrication of devices based on this process is still tricky and often requires the transfer of the nanowires to a host substrate for device processing, preventing any complex circuit production. The approach by selective area growth inside dielectric mask openings exhibits a better scalability. If the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) has proved its efficiency for this type of growth, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) may further improve the nanostructure purity. Within this context, we study the electrical properties of selectively grown III-V materials on InP substrate by MBE. We demonstrate that the use of an atomic hydrogen flux during the growth ensures a good selectivity with respect to the dielectric mask and has a positive impact on the optical and electrical properties of the grown semiconductor. The electrical characterization of InGaAs nanostructures is performed thanks to the development of dedicated process such as TLM, branched nanowires or MOSFET devices. It reveals good transport properties with the state-of-the-art effective mobility for this kind of alloy. We then show that selective area epitaxy is also a valuable tool to develop original heterostructures such as in-plane InGaAs/InP core-shell nanowires with raised contacts and radial or axial InGaAs/GaSb heterojunctions. For these latter, the negative differential resistances observed on the current-voltage characteristics demonstrate a good interface quality, offering interesting possibilities for tunnel nano-heterojunction development
Junior, Jeverson Teodoro Arantes. "Materiais nanoestruturados do tipo IV e III-V dopados com Mn." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-24032008-102906/.
Full textIn the present work, we investigate electronic, structural and transport properties of semiconductor nanostructures of type IV and III-V using first principles calculations. (I) As a starting point, we verify systematically the stability of substitutional Mn in Ge layers in Si/Ge heterostructures. We study the Mn-Mn magnetic interaction as a function of the lattice parameter of the substrate, and we find that the energy difference between the high and low spin configurations changes as the lattice parameter is modified. Using Si as a substrate, that energy difference favors the low spin configuration, whereas increasing the substrate lattice parameter the high spin configuration becomes more stable. (II) In the study of Ge nanowires, grown along the [110] and [111] directions, we investigate the variation of the energy gap as a function of the nanowire diameter. We study the (001) surface reconstruction for some nanowire diameters grown along the [110] direction. We did a systematic study of Mn doping in the Ge nanowires in order to verify which are the most stable substitutional sites. We also study the Mn-Mn magnetic coupling for their separation parallel to the growth direction as well as perpendicular to it. This study was performed for different distances between the impurities. (III) The gold particles observed in the top surface of the nanowires, a result of the Au droplet used as catalyst in the growth process, was the motivation of the study of the formation energy of Au isolated impurities in different positions and concentrations in the nanowires. These results make it possible to know if the Au atoms will move either along the surface or towards the bulk of the wire. (IV) We verify the behavior of the type-n and type-p doping in the electronic transmission properties for impurities positioned either in the central or in the (001) surface of Ge nanowires. Because of the importance of the surface in nanostructures, we calculate the changes in the electronic transmittance in the presence of a dangling bond and an OH molecule adsorbed in the surface. (V) We investigate how the quantum confinement modifies the behavior of the vacancy native defect in Si nanowires. From the formation energy difference for nonequivalent sites, we verify one possible pathway for the vacancy migration towards the (001) surface, and we calculate the migration barrier from the central region to the nanowire surface. We also calculate the effective-U, and find it to be negative in the bulk region. (VI) Finally, we also made a systematic study of nanowires of type III-V (InP and GaAs) as well as InAs nanoparticles doped with Mn. We study the equilibrium positions and the possibility of a magnetic order for the impurity in these nanostructures. For the nanoparticles, when the system is more confined the hole becomes more localized and, consequently, the energy difference between the high and low spin configuration still favors the high spin but becomes smaller. When we insert holes we can increase this energy difference.
Gauthier, Jean-Philippe. "Réalisation et optimisation de nanostructures à base de semiconducteurs III-V pour les applications de VCSEL accordables." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0019.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study and optimization of tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for optical telecommunications at 1. 55µm. In particular, described components may integrate strained quantum wells, or wire-shaped nanostructures (Quantum Dashes - QDH), which have outstanding optical properties. A peculiar attention has been paid to thermal and optical properties of the micro-cavities. Solutions are proposed to enhance the performance of the device. We particularly developed the electrodeposition of a copper pseudo-substrate, as a substitute to the classically used metallic bonding. The use of this technology allowed a significant increase of the size of the samples, as well as decrease in the total thermal resistance of the device. More over, buried Distributive Bragg Reflectors (b-DBR) have been investigated. Preliminary results show a clear benefit of the process in the lateral heat spreading out of the active region. Secondly, the use of QDHs as an active region allowed the achievement of a polarization-controlled VCSEL. Growth by molecular beam epitaxy is investigated, and static and dynamic properties of polarization of the VCSELs are studied. Finally, we present the insertion of nematic liquid cristals (NLC) inside the cavity, as a tuning layer. This technology showed laser emission over a 30 nm tuning range. Association of NLC with the QDH allows to envisage massively tunable polarization-controlled VCSELs
Al, Zoubi Tariq [Verfasser]. "Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of III-V Semiconductor Nanostructures on Silicon Substrates / Tariq Al Zoubi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043814876/34.
Full textFranchina, Vergel Nathali Alexandra. "Dirac antidot superlattices for electrons in III-V semiconductors." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I002.
Full textGraphene is one of the most fascinating materials ever discovered. The achievement of this single-layer carbon atoms in 2004, generated a lot of enthusiasm in the physics community. It represents in fact the first realization of a naturally occurring two-dimensional material. In addition, the unique organization of the carbon atoms confers graphene exotic electronic properties. Thus, the discovery of graphene opened the door to quantum mechanical effects that are difficult to observe in other conventional systems. Nevertheless, being a natural material, the carbon sheet comes in only one atomic arrangement: the atoms are organized in a hexagonal lattice and their positions are fixed. Nowadays the electronic properties of graphene can be obtained in other systems, in particular those having a triangular symmetry. These materials, known as “Dirac materials”, represent a perfect platform for testing new quantum mechanical phenomena that cannot be observed in graphene.In this thesis, based on previous works and predictive atomistic tight-binding calculations, a periodic potential with honeycomb geometry will be applied on a two-dimensional electron gas. The electron gas will be hosted in an InGaAs/InP QW heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and additional experimental techniques will be employed to characterize the InGaAs QW and, in particular, its two-dimensional nature. By pushing to their limit high resolution electron-beam or block copolymer lithographies, the honeycomb potential barriers will be nanopatterned in the InGaAs layer to directly confine the motion of the electrons. Thus, the realization of hexagonal arrays having between 45 and 20 nm periodicity will allow the formation of Dirac cones and non-trivial flat bands covering energy ranges up to tens of meV. The final Dirac material and its exciting physics will be investigated using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. In this way we would open the door to a new attractive field that would provide a stronger control over the band engineering in condensed matter physics
Halioua, Yacine. "Etude de structures hybrides : lasers à cristaux photoniques en semi-conducteurs III-V sur silicium." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077169.
Full textThe ever-growing demand for high data transmission and processing rates is hitting the limits of microelectronic circuits and Systems. It is currently admitted that photons can significantly relieve the speed constraints of inter as well as intra-chip communications. More specifically, due to their inherent advantages, the hybridisation of III-V active and Si passive photonic structures, which are CMOS compatible, opens a new avenue for an exciting field of endeavour. In this context, the present thesis deals with fabrication and study in depth of a two level structure based on III-V photonic crystals (PhCs) evanescently coupled to silicon wires. The two levels are bonded together using an adhesive BCB-based bonding technique. Taking advantage of PhCs properties reasonably low threshold laser operation coupled to the silicon wire underneath is demonstrated, using both PhCs waveguides and wire cavities. The optical characteristics and coupling efficiencies of the System against various parameters were experimentally studied and the results successfully confronted to modelling, showing amongst other results that 90% of the light emitted in the top level is extracted via the silicon wire. Such a high value has been rendered possible by by an important work on modelling and the development of a specific alignment processing procedure providing an accuracy of ~ 25 nm. In conclusion, the observation of low-threshold bistability under gain regime is presented and numerous perspectives are discussed
Himwas, Chalermchai. "Nanostructures à base de semi-conducteurs nitrures pour l'émission ultraviolette." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY011.
Full textThis work reports on the design, epitaxial growth, and the structural, and optical characterization of two types of nanostructures, namely AlGaN/AlN Stranski-Krastanov quantum dots (SK-QD) and AlGaN/AlN nanodisks (NDs) on GaN nanowires (NWs). These nanostructures were grown using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) and were conceived to be the active media of electron-pumped ultraviolet (EPUV) emitters for water purification, operating in mid-ultraviolet range. The peak emission wavelength of three-dimensional SK-QD can be tuned in mid-ultraviolet range while keeping high internal quantum efficiency (IQE > 35%) by modifying the Al composition and the QD geometry. The efficient carrier confinement was confirmed by the stability of the photoluminescence intensity and decay time with temperature. The optimal deposited amount of AlGaN in AlGaN/AlN QDs which grants maximum luminescence at room temperature was determined by finding a compromise between the designs providing maximum IQE and maximum QD density. The effect of the variation of the QD height/base-diameter ratio on the interband and intraband optical properties was explored by fitting the experimental data with three-dimensional calculations of the band diagram and quantum levels. Regarding AlGaN/AlN NDs on GaN NWs, the Al-Ga intermixing at Al(Ga)N/GaN interfaces and the alloy inhomogeneity in AlGaN/AlN NDs are attributed to the strain relaxation process. This interpretation was proved by correlation of experimental data with three-dimensional strain distribution calculations performed on structures that imitate the real growth sequence. Despite the challenge of inhomogeneity, the emission wavelength of AlGaN/AlN NDs can be tuned in mid-ultraviolet range while preserving high IQE by adjusting the ND thickness and Al content. A prototype of EPUV emitter was fabricated using the AlGaN/AlN SK-QDs active region with proposed optimal design of active region thickness, AlN barrier thickness, and amount of AlGaN in each QD layer. For this first device, SiC was used as a substrate to prevent problems associated to charge or heat evacuation. A water purification test by such prototype EPUV emitter was carried out by irradiating E-coli bacteria, showing that all the specimens were successfully purified at the predicted ultraviolet dose
Dumeige, Yannick. "Génération de second harmonique dans les milieux périodiques uni ou bidimensionnels à semiconducteurs III-V." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112214.
Full textPhase matching is indispensable to obtain efficient second order non-linear interactions. III-V semiconductors materials have optical properties which don't allow us to obtain phase matching by usual ways. Hence we must use artificial media like periodic structures to achieve chromatic or group velocity dispersion engineering. We fabricated and studied experimentally laminar periodic structures and more particularly AlGaAs/AlOx multilayers. This kind of periodic structures permit phase matching and a simultaneous increase in the density of optical modes which is favourable for the conversion efficiency in the second harmonic generation process. By comparing different structures, we established that the conversion efficiency grows faster than the fifth power of the number of unit cells. We also studied numerically periodic structures in the waveguided regime. In order to simulate their behaviour we developed a non-linear FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) code. Subsequently we used it to simulate the non-linear interactions in a 1D photonic crystal constituted by a planar waveguide periodically etched. We proposed a structure achieving a compromise between confinement and diffraction lasses. Finally we demonstrated numerically with our non-linear FDTD code that a 2D photonic crystal defect waveguide allows simultaneously the waveguiding of the two waves in non-linear interaction and the phase-matching condition
Bazin, Alexandre. "III-V semiconductor nanocavities on silicon-on insulator waveguide : laser emission, switching and optical memory." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077050.
Full textSilicon photonics constitutes an ideal platform for conveying and routing optical signals, within a chip, and this, over mm long distances with very low losses. The integration of III-V semiconductors onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic circuits is an exciting but challenging task, which we took-up by combining the best of both III-V optoelectronic and Silicon photonic technologies. In order to be able to use optical interconnects as a replacement technology of current metallic interconnects, we strove for the smallest footprint and lowest energy consuming objects which can be Photonic Crystal nanocavities embedding III-V active material. This thesis aimed at designing, fabricating and studying experimentally hybrid III-V/SOI Photonic Circuit structures, where a III-V layer, bonded adhesively at a few 100's of nm from silicon, is patterned into a nanobeam cavity of optical resonance around 1. 5 μm. The main achievements of this work are the demonstration of 1) an easily adjustable coupling efficiency between the cavity and the SOI waveguide, which can exceed 90% when the phase-matching condition are fulfilled, 2) the continuous wave laser emission with quantum well materials through surface passivation, and 3) an optical memory lasting more than 2 s with ultra- low switching energy (~0. 4 fJ). We also present in detail the fully analytical model to fabricate high-Q factor nanobeam cavities encapsulated in a low-index material
Tremblay, Ronan. "Propriétés structurales, optiques et électriques de nanostructures et alliages à base de GaP pour la photonique intégrée sur silicium." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0026/document.
Full textThis PhD work focuses on the structural, optical, electrical properties of GaP-based nanostructures and alloys for integrated photonics on silicon. Amongst the integration approaches of III-V on Si, the interest of GaP/Si is firstly discussed. A study of the growth and the doping of AlGaP used as laser cladding layers (optical confinement and electrical injection) is presented. The activation complexity of n-dopants is highlighted. Then, the photoluminescence properties of InGaAs/GaP quantum dots are investigated as a function of temperature and optical density. The origin of the optical transitions involved are identified as (i) indirect type-I transition between electrons in Xxy states and holes in HH states of quantum dots InGaAs and (ii) indirect type-II with electrons in Xz states of strained GaP. Despite an effective modification in the electronic structure of these emitters, a direct type I optical transition is not demonstrated. This is the major bottleneck in the promotion of GaP based emitters on Si. This said, the control of the GaP/Si interface and electrical injection are confirmed by the demonstration of electroluminescence at room temperature on Si. If no laser effect is obtained in rib laser architectures, a possible beginning of Г band filling in QDs is discussed. Finally, the adequacy of state of the art integrated lasers with the development of on-chip optical interconnects is discussed
Grenier, Stéphane. "Spectroscopie de diffraction résonante : études de nanostructures de semiconducteurs III-V et de l'ordre de charge dans [alpha]'-NaV2O5." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10199.
Full textWidmann, Frédéric. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires de GaN, AlN, InN et leurs alliages : physique de la croissance et réalisation de nanostructures." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10234.
Full textBriere, Gauthier. "Réalisation de méta-optiques à base de matériaux semi-conducteurs III-V pour des applications dans le visible." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4075.
Full textIn the past years, new optical components have appeared. These components, known as "meta-optics" or "metasurfaces", made it possible to control and to shape the wavefront of the light. This allows the control of any incident beam and the creation of conventional optical functionalities, such as focusing or deflecting the light, or functionalities with additional features such as the possibility of creating polarization-dependent meta-holograms. Indeed, thanks to the periodic arrangement of resonators with sub-wavelength geometric dimensions, it is possible to obtain an arbitrary local control of the incident beam. Nevertheless, even though many applications have been demonstrated in the community, only a few materials are found to be compatible for the industrial development of these components. In addition, in order to pass from passive to active components for the fabrication of dynamic devices, it is necessary to switch from dielectric materials to semiconductor materials. For these reasons, we are interested in the use of a semiconductor material, Gallium Nitride, for the development of metasurface components. We first present a numerical study of the nanostructures used during this work. Then, we show how the design of our meta-optics is done by presenting the numerical conception method and nanofabrication processes used, which includes a new etching technique compatible only with crystalline materials while preserving their optical properties. Finally, we suggest different applications where our components can be used, such as: the development of metalenses with high numerical aperture and large surface; the optimization of metasurface high contrast gratings allowing to reach diffraction efficiencies higher than 80%; or the fabrication of meta-holograms preserving the information of the orbital angular momentum of the incident beam
Nguyen, Quang Tuong. "Effets de spin dans les nanostructures semi-conductrices : modélisation et expériences de magnéto-transport." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113255.
Full textNous examinons ensuite la structure de bande complexe du GaAs et montrons par une représentation complexe et non purement imaginaire du vecteur d'onde que les états évanescents existent pour toutes les directions de la zone de Brillouin. Cette existence se manifeste par des boucles reliant les bandes de conduction et les bandes de valence. Ce résultat est une contribution originale sur le concept de filtre de spin.
La deuxième partie de ce travail porte sur l'étude expérimentale du rôle de couplage spin-orbite dans des fils quantiques semi-balistiques obtenus par gravure à partir d'une structure à gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons. Nous espérons observer une transition entre le régime de localisation faible et celui, opposé, d'antilocalisation faible. Les pics observés expérimentalement lors des mesures de la magnétorésistance ont des propriétés qui sont bien expliquées en termes de la localisation faible. Ces mesures nous ont permis d'extraire des différents temps caractéristiques des échantillons et d'observer les changements de régime fort champ magnétique/bas champ magnétique liés à la nature quasi-balistique des échantillons.
Coelho, José. "Organisation à longue distance par un réseau de dislocations faiblement enterré de nanostructures de semiconducteurs III-V auto-assemblées sur substrat de GaAs." Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007633.
Full textSelf-assembled nanostructures are particularly interesting for optoelectronic and photonic applications, especially on GaAs substrate. Nevertheless, their long-range spatial distribution is random, their density is difficult to control, their size distribution can be large and their shapes can be different. By overcoming these drawbacks, it should be possible to improve the performances of existing devices or to fabricate new ones. This work studies the possibility to order on a long-range self-assembled nanostructures on GaAs substrate, by means of the elastic fields induced at the surface by shallowly buried periodic dislocation networks (DNs). These DNs form at the crystalline interface between a thin GaAs layer and a GaAs substrate (joined together by <>) in order to accommodate crystalline misorientations between their crystallographic planes. We showed by means of a transmission electron microscopy study that the misorientations can be chosen so that the dislocations form a periodic hexagonal network, which possesses characteristics favorable to the two-dimensional long-range ordering of nanostructures. We demonstrated experimentally such an ordering for GaAs and InGaAs self-assembled nanostructures
Coelho, José. "Organisation à longue distance par un réseau de dislocations faiblement enterré de nanostructures de semiconducteurs III-V auto-assemblées sur substrat d'arséniure de gallium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007633.
Full textDesplats, Olivier. "Préparation de surfaces structurées et reprise d'épitaxie par jets moléculaires. Réalisation de micro et nanostructures sur GaAs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00309826.
Full textSilvestre, Sarah Constant Eugène. "Stabilité des interactions silicium-hydrogène sous irradiation optique ou électronique dans les semiconducteurs à base de GaAs application à la fiabilité et à la nanofabrication de composants III-V /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2002-15-16.pdf.
Full textSilvestre, Sarah. "Stabilité des interactions silicium-hydrogène sous irradiation optique ou électronique dans les semiconducteurs à base de GaAs : application à la fiabilité et à la nanofabrication de composants III-V." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-15-16.pdf.
Full textHertl, Vít. "Studium fotovoltaických nanostruktur mikroskopickými metodami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444405.
Full textCariou, Romain. "Epitaxial growth of Si(Ge) materials on Si and GaAs by low temperature PECVD: towards tandem devices." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01113794/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on epitaxial growth of Si and SiGe at low temperature (200°C) by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), and its application in thin film crystalline solar cells. Our goal is to gain insight into this unusual growth process, as well as to investigate the potential of such low temperaturedeposited material for single and multi-junction solar cells. First, we have proposed a one pump-down plasma process to clean out-of-the-box c-Si wafer surface and grow epitaxial layers of up to 8µm thick, without ultra-high vacuum, in a standard RF-PECVD reactor. By exploring the experimental parameters space, the link between layer quality and important physical variables, such as silane dilution, ion energy, or deposition pressure, has been confirmed. Both material and electrical properties were analyzed, and we found that epitaxial quality improves with film thickness. Furthermore, we could bring evidence of SiGe and Ge epitaxial growth under similar conditions. Then, with the whole process steps <200°C, we have achieved PIN heterojunction solar cells on highly doped substrates with 1-4µm epitaxial absorber, reaching 8. 8% efficiency (without light trapping) and 80. 5% FF. Replacing Si absorber by epitaxial Si0:73Ge0:27 resulted in 11% boost in Jsc. The use of an engineered wafer/epitaxial layer interface and stress enables easy lift-off: e. G. We successfully bonded 1. 5µm thick 10cm^2 epi-Si to glass. Additionally, we have considered the impact of photonic nanostructures on device properties. Together, the control of growth, transfer and advanced light trapping are paving the way toward highly efficient, ultrathin (<10µm) and low cost c-Si cells. Finally, in contrast with general trend of growing III-V semiconductors on Si, we have studied the hetero-epitaxial growth of Si on III-V. Good crystal quality was achieved by direct Si deposition on GaAs, thanks to reduced thermal load and suppressed polarity issues in this approach. Using MOCVD, we could build GaAs cells with 20% efficiency and III-V tunnel junctions reaching 55A/cm^2. Tunneling improvement upon H-plasma exposure was shown. Those results, combined with III-V layer lift-off, validate milestones toward high efficiency tandem AlGaAs(MOVD)/SiGe(PECVD) metamorphic solar cells
Solere, Alexis. "Instabilité de croissance dans les couches épitaxiées contraintes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0053.
Full textUnstability in the growth of epitaxially strained layers. Study by scanning tunneling microscopy of the system In1-xGaxAs / InP (001). The heteroepitaxial growth of semiconducting strained films shows a morphological unstability: the growth evolves from a layer-by-layer growth mode towards a three-dimensional mode with islands. Understanding the physics of this phenomenon is of a great importance as for the realization of flat interfaces that is sough-after for microelectronic applications as for the elaboration of nanostructures whose quantum character could drive to novel applications. The scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study developed in this work concerns the III-V system In1-xGaxAs strained on InP (001) which, according to the chosen composition x, allows to obtain a compressive (x<0,47;ε<0) or a tensile (x>0,47;ε>0) strain. The roles of the sign and of the intensity of the strain are thus studied by following the growth behavior of four strained systems: GaAs (ε=+3,8%), In0,25Ga0,75As (ε=-2%), In0,82Ga0,18As (ε=-2%) and As(ε=-3,1%). Moreover, the importance of the supersaturation conditions on the layers growth has been proved by using two different protocols: supersaturation of arsenic as a first and cationic supersaturation as the other. In standard growth conditions, with an excess of arsenic prssure, an abrupt 2D-3D transition in the growth mode is observed in the compression case; it leads to the formation of wire-shaped three-dimensional islands that are extended in the [1 1 0] direction and spread out the whole surface. The starting of the unstability is all the earlier and the anisotropic shape is all the more pronouced since the strain is strong. In the tension case, the unstability appears through a continuous roughening process which results, at the end, in a 3D anisotropic [11 ̅0]-oriented morphology. When the elements III are in majority (cation-rich stabilization), the layer-by-layer growth mode is preserved, and this until the first plastic defaults occur. Such 2D morphologies are stable against thermal annealing. The whole results can be described through a model, considering the competition between step energy-steps are necessary to create 3D structures- and relaxed strain energy-relaxation becomes possible through steps creation. The formation of wire-shaped structures can be explained by the large difference in the energy of A-steps ([11 ̅0]-oriented) and B-steps([11 ̅0]-oriented). The absence of 2D-3D transition can be sucessfully interpreted by a high step energy on cation-stabilized surfaces; the 2d-3D transition cannot then occur before the first plastic defaults appear. Also, the non-symmetrical behavior between compression and tension would indicate a weaker step energy in the tensile case than in compression; the steps creation in layers under tension would always be favored. Moreover, the model points out local overstrain effects, at the bottom of the steps, which must be considered to justify the formation of wire-shaped structures during the 2D-3D transition
Desplats, Olivier. "Préparation de surfaces structurées et reprise d'épitaxie par jets moléculaires : réalisation de micro et nano structures sur GaAs." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/299/.
Full textSurface patterning and epitaxial regrowth are key technologies for novel optoelectronic (nano) devices. The aim of this thesis has been to develop a preparation of GaAs micro- and nanopatterned surfaces suited for regrowth and to study the organization of InAs quantum dots on these surfaces. The patterns have been achieved by electronic lithography in a cap resist and transferred into GaAs by chemical etching. Surface decontamination by a O2: SF6 micro-wave plasma has been demonstrated. Roughening upon in situ deoxidization has been prevented thanks to a low temperature H plasma treatment. Molecular beam epitaxy on these patterned surfaces has been studied. InAs quantum dots have been grown and lateral ordering has been attained. This preparation method has been shown to be efficient for GaAs selective regrowth on Si3N4/GaAs patterned surfaces
Huang, Cheng-Ying, and 黃政穎. "Heteroepitaxy and Optical Characterization of GaAs III-V Materials Grown on Si Nanostructure." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35879581949113786990.
Full text國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
97
In this thesis, the heteroepitaxy and optical properties of GaAs grown on planar Si wafer and Si nanostructure by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) have been investigated. First, the GaAs on planar Si wafer contains high density of structural defects such as misfit dislocations, threading dislocations, stacking faults, microtwins, and antiphase boundaries, which are mostly around the GaAs/Si interface. However, the density of structural defects is significantly reduced with the increment of epilayer thickness. Additionally, the residual tensile strain in GaAs epilayer, resulting from the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between GaAs and Si, is also observed. On the growth of GaAs in Si nano-trenches, the low temperature deposition is incapable of filling GaAs into Si nano-trenches due to the nucleation of GaAs on the trench sidewall and shallow-trench-isolation oxide, which could further develop to thick polycrystalline GaAs layer and seal the trench opening. With orient-beam epitaxy and high temperature one-step growth, high-quality GaAs is selectively grown in 40-nm-wide Si trenches successfully. To our knowledge, it is the first accomplishment of GaAs grown in 40-nm Si trenches by GSMBE. Furthermore, a metamorphic GaAs in 80-nm Si trench was investigated in detail by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that no threading dislocations and antiphase boundaries exist in epitaxial GaAs; only microtwins and 60° misfit dislocations are generated, which can efficiently relieve the lattice misfit strain. The disappearance of threading dislocations could be attributed to the large lattice misfit stress and the sidewall image force, which could drive the threading dislocations to glide to the sidewall. The disappearance of antiphase boundaries is probably due to single nucleus growth in the trench. Finally, the optical properties of GaAs in Si nano-trenches were studied by Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature. Irrespective to trench orientation along [110] or [100], strong TO phonon mode is observed in Raman spectra, indicating that the breakdown of Raman selection rule due to the presence of microtwins and surface faceting. Surface optical (SO) phonon mode is also observed in this study. With the decrement of trench width, SO phonon peak slightly shifts to TO phonon and its intensity increases as well. The cathodoluminescence result reveals a strong band-to-band emission of GaAs in Si nano-trenches, indicative of a significant reduction of non-radiative centers and the good crystalline quality.
Hoenk, Michael Eugene. "Orientation selective effects in III-V heterostructure systems with application to nanostructure fabrication." Thesis, 1990. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2560/1/Hoenk_me_1990.pdf.
Full textNyembe, Sanele G. "Group III-V nanostructures application in gas sensing." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26697.
Full textThe advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has made it possible to control several properties such as material shape, size and stability. However, different production approaches are often required. Engineered surfaces with tailor-made properties such as large surface area or specific reactivity are used routinely in a range of applications such as in fuel cells, catalysis, etc. Nanomaterials with unique morphologies have been developed and used in fields such as electronic device manufacture, chemistry and engineering. Synthesis of gold icosahedral (Ih) and decahedral (Dh) nanostructures was successfully achieved through a two-step heterogeneous nucleation process. Citrate stabilised seeds were used to grow these nanostructures. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to promote fast growth of Au nanostructure along the [111] crystal lattice plane. Dh and Ih nanostructures are known to be thermodynamically unfavourable above size of 5 nm. Successful growth of such nanostructures above this critical size limit was explained in terms growth kinetics. Gold nanostructures were found to have an average particle size of 50 nm and a narrow size distribution range of 45 nm to 55 nm. The seeds were fast-handled during growth to enhance the formation of these nanostructures. In-depth characterisation of these nanostructures confirmed that they formed via crystal twinning mechanism. Synthesis of gold nanostructures with different sizes was achieved through a three-step heterogeneous nucleation process. Different types of seeds were prepared using different stabilizers (Citrate and CTAB). Citrate and CTAB stabilized seeds were used to grow Au nanostructures separately. The CTAB stabilized seeds showed polydispersity, suggesting the presence of various shapes. These seeds produced agglomerated particles of various shapes with a wide particle diameter distribution ranging from 50 nm to 200 nm. The triangular Au nanostructures present in the mixture had a 3 dimensional morphology (i.e. pyramid shape) as confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The citrate stabilized seeds were monodisperse and they yielded well dispersed Au nanostructures with uniform morphologies. These Au nanostructures had an average particle size of 50 nm and a narrow size distribution range of 45 nm to 55 nm. iii Laser assisted synthesis of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) was achieved through the use of gold and nickel nanoparticles as catalysts. The diameter of the resulting SiNWs was found to be dependent on that of the catalyst. The gold catalysed silicon nanowires were unevenly curved and branched owing to the high kinetic energy possessed by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at relatively high processing temperature. The use of nickel as catalyst resulted in the formation of several SiNWs on a single nickel catalyst due to interconnection of the nickel metal particles at processing temperature. The morphology of SiNWs catalysed by both nickel and gold was controlled by optimising the laser energy during ablation. Indium phosphide nanowires (InPNWs) with an average diameter of 87 nm were successfully synthesized through thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. The smooth surface nanowires showed a relatively narrow size distribution of 70 nm to 105 nm. Temperature programmed deposition (TPD) was used to study the thermodynamic behaviour of gas desorption. The study revealed that gaseous CO and CH4 molecules bind to InPNW surface through chemical and physical adsorption. Redhead method was used to estimate the enthalpy energy of desorption for CO and CH4 to be 142 kJ/mol and 38 kJ/mol. The sorption temperature ranges were found to be 220 ̊C to 260 ̊C for CO and -50 ̊C to -20 ̊C for CH4. InPNWs were used to fabricate a gas sensor electronic device and were tested for performance. The device showed a quick response time of 29.19 s for CO at 250 ̊C. Indium arsenide nanowires (InAsNWs) with an average diameter of 45 nm were successfully synthesized using homogeneous catalysis approach and chemical vapour deposition method. Succesful synthesis of InAsNWs was achieved at a temperature of 700°C suggesting that solution-liquid-solid growth mechanism was involved. Synthesis conditions were optimised to minimise InAsNWs polytypism and stacking faults. The results showed that InAsNWs have significant adsorption sites and affinity for CO and H2S gases due to the formation of electron accumulating surface. The calculation of enthalpy energy of desorption revealed that interaction of InAsNWs and CO was through physisorption. InAsNWs showed a response time of 72s for CO at 250 ̊C. Characterization of the nanostructures was carried out using high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Raman spectroscope, high resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), UV-Vis spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscope (DRIFTS).
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