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Florián-Vargas, Karla, Marcos J. Carruitero Honores, Eduardo Bernabé, and Carlos Flores-Mir. "Self-esteem in adolescents with Angle Class I, II and III malocclusion in a Peruvian sample." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 2 (April 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.059-064.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare self-esteem scores in 12 to 16-year-old adolescents with different Angle malocclusion types in a Peruvian sample. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 276 adolescents (159, 52 and 65 with Angle Class I, II and III malocclusions, respectively) from Trujillo, Peru. Participants were asked to complete the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and were also clinically examined, so as to have Angle malocclusion classification determined. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare RSES scores among adolescents with Class I, II and III malocclusions, with participants' demographic factors being controlled. Results: Mean RSES scores for adolescents with Class I, II and III malocclusions were 20.47 ± 3.96, 21.96 ± 3.27 and 21.26 ± 4.81, respectively. The ANCOVA test showed that adolescents with Class II malocclusion had a significantly higher RSES score than those with Class I malocclusion, but there were no differences between other malocclusion groups. Supplemental analysis suggested that only those with Class II, Division 2 malocclusion might have greater self-esteem when compared to adolescents with Class I malocclusion. Conclusion: This study shows that, in general, self-esteem did not vary according to adolescents' malocclusion in the sample studied. Surprisingly, only adolescents with Class II malocclusion, particularly Class II, Division 2, reported better self-esteem than those with Class I malocclusion. A more detailed analysis assessing the impact of anterior occlusal features should be conducted.
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Rădulescu, Sergiu-Alexandru, and Ecaterina Ionescu. "Statistical study regarding the identification of premature occlusal contacts in patients with Angle class I and class II malocclusions." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 63, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2017.2.5.
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Objective. In this study we tried to identify the premature occlusal contacts that are present in patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions. Materials and method. For this study 60 patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions were examined. Identification of premature occlusal contacts was made both clinically and with the help of study casts mounted in an adjustable articulator. Results and discussion. Based on the statistical analysis made in this study we noticed that for patients with Angle Class I malocclusion, premature occlusal contacts from protrusion on the working side are more common, they are present in 15 patients, than to those with Angle Class II malocclusion where they were identified in 13 patients. In right laterotrusive edge to edge position we noticed that there are premature occlusal contacts on the working side in 43.3% of patients with Angle Class I malocclusion, and 50% of patients with Angle Class II malocclusion. Conclusions. In protrusive and laterotrusive edge to edge position there are premature occlusal contacts both at Angle Class I malocclusion, and in Angle Class II malocclusion patients. For practical conclusions, it is necessary to carry out more studies on the identification of occlusal premature contacts, which may occur in people with malocclusion.
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Rădulescu, Sergiu-Alexandru, Andreea Paula Rădulescu, Florina Trîmbiţaş, and Ecaterina Ionescu. "Study of occlusion in patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.2.9.
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Objective. In this study we tried to notice the differences in the number and type of occlusal contacts present in patients with Angle Class I and Class-II malocclusions. Materials and methods. For this study were examined 30 patients with Angle Class I and Class-II malocclusions. Identification of the number and type of occlusal contacts was made both clinically and with the help of study casts mounted in an semiadjustable articulator. Results and discussion. In the Angle Class I malocclusion average total number of occlusal contacts was 36.93 and in Angle Class-II malocclusion was 31.46 contacts. Most occlusal contacts identified were side cusp – side fossa type. Following statistical analysis we did not fi nd significant differences between the two classes of malocclusions, in terms of total number of occlusal contacts. Conclusions. The total number of occlusal contacts does not differ depending on the malocclusion class, but there are differences between the number of contacts occurring within certain groups of posterior teeth. In order to have findings with practical application it is necessary to carry out more studies on the type and number of occlusal contacts that may occur in individuals with malocclusions.
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Othman, Rawand J., and Hiwa S. Khidir. "Differences in Dental Arch Dimensions in a Sample of Kurdish Population among Different Occlusal Categories." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp51-55.
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It is essential to know dental arch dimensions to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment planning to ensure the satisfactory outcome of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to measure and compare dental arch dimensions of a Kurdish sample in Erbil city with normal and different classes of malocclusion. Arch width and length were measured by an electronic digital caliper on a total of 150 orthodontic models of school students aged 16–20 years of different occlusal relationships (Class I normal occlusion, Class I, Class II division I, Class II Division II, and Class III malocclusions). The results showed that (1) girls have smaller arch parameters than boys; (2) Class II division II malocclusion showed a significantly smaller upper inter canine width, arch length, incisor molar distance, and incisor canine distance when compared to all other groups; (3) the upper inter premolar and inter molar width were significantly narrower in Class II division I malocclusion than of normal occlusions and Class III malocclusion and also narrower in Class I malocclusion than in normal occlusions for both arches; (4) the arch length was significantly longer in Class II division I when compared to Class II division II, Class I malocclusions (P < 0.01), Class III malocclusion and Class I normal occlusion (P < 0.05), and (5) no statistically significant differences were found in all the arch dimensions for Class III malocclusion when compared with the normal occlusion. In conclusion, girls had smaller arch dimension than boys and Class II Division II malocclusion showed smaller arch in all dimensions while Class II division I malocclusion revealed narrower arch width and longer arch length.
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Das, Dr Varsha, Dr Vinaya .S. Pai, Dr Siri Krishna, Dr Shivaprasad Gaonkar, Dr Gautham Kalladka, and Dr Shreyas Rajaram. "Cheiloscopy: An Early Indicator of Class I & Class II Malocclusion." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 11, no. 2 (2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.11_2_8.
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This study was done to determine & correlate the lip print patterns in Skeletal Class I & Class II malocclusions. A sample of 160 individuals (80 skeletal Class I & 80 skeletal Class II malocclusion) aged 12 years and above, were selected for the study. A dark coloured lipstick was applied onto the cleaned & dried lips with a single stroke. A lip impression was made on a transparent cellophane tape strip which was removed & stuck to a white bond paper. Lip print patterns were analysed based on the Tsuchihashi classification i.e. Type I, Type I’, Type II, Type III, Type IV & Type V. The field of observation was confined to 10mm on either side of the quadrant from the midline and the pattern was resolved by counting highest number of lines in this area. Statistical analyses indicated that the prevalence of Type I & Type II lip pattern was significantly higher in Skeletal Class I & Class II malocclusion subjects respectively. The results showed a significant correlation between lip prints and skeletal sagittal malocclusion. Cheiloscopy can act as an early indicator of skeletal malocclusions, but further research is required for the evaluation of lip prints in a larger sample with distinctinherited malocclusions.
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Aliu, Nora, Albena Reshitaj, Sanije Gashi, and Blerim Kamberi. "Digital Analysis of Tooth Sizes Among Individuals with Classes I and II Malocclusions in the Kosovo Population - A Pilot Study." International Journal of Biomedicine 12, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article12(3)_oa16.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the tooth size discrepancy in patients with different types of malocclusions and compare it with that in patients with normal occlusion, using the three-dimensional (3D) measurement program Maestro Studio. Methods and Results: Patients of both sexes who were aged between 13 and 16 years and who had never received orthodontic treatment were randomly selected. The participants’ mean age was 14.3±1.1 years; 62.0% of patients were girls. Fifty patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 16 patients with malocclusion Class I (controls), Group 2 included 19 patients with malocclusion Class II division 1 (II/1), and Group 3 included 15 patients with malocclusion Class II division 2 (II/2). The tooth measurements were made according to the Bolton analysis. Anterior ratio (AR) and overall ratio (OR) were calculated. There was no significant difference in the AR between the groups. However, we found a significant difference in the OR between the groups (P=0.0129). Patients with Class II/2 malocclusion had a significantly lower OR than patients with Class II/1 malocclusion (P=0.0155). However, there was no significant difference in the OR between Class 1 and Class II/1 or Class II/2 malocclusions. Conclusion: Individuals with different malocclusions show different tooth sizes.
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Rahman, Md Muklesur, Hasnat Jahan, and Md Zakir Hossain. "Pattern of malocclusion in patients seeking orthodontic treatment at Dhaka Dental College and Hospital." Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2015): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v3i2.24005.
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Aims: To evaluate the pattern and distribution of malocclusion in patients seeking orthodontic treatment in Dhaka Dental College Hospital.Material and Methods: Total of 400 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 19.10 years. A standard format was prepared to record the data. Ages, sex and Class I, II and III malocclusions were tabulated to cheek for any relationship.Results: The prevalence of molar class I, II, III and both (I &II) malocclusion were 61.53%, 22.56%, 8.2%, and 7.17%, respectively. The prevalence of incisors class I, class II division 1,classII division 2 and class III malocclusions were 36.92%, 39.74%, 2.56% and 14.87%. out of 400 cases the distribution of various occlusal abnormality were spacing 40%, crowding 46.92%, cross bite 23.07%, open bite 8.46%, impaction 6.41%, rotation 20%, median diastema 13.58%, absent teeth 7.69%, mesiodense 2.51% and cleft lip and palate was 1.28%. Most prevalence age group seeking orthodontics treatment was 16 to 20 years with female to male ratio 2.45 :1.Conclusion: class I malocclusion was the most prevalent followed by class II malocclusion and class III malocclusion showed least prevalence.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
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Acharya, Anand, Bhushan Bhattarai, Diana George, and Tarakant Bhagat. "Pattern of Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in South-Eastern Region of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18893.
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Introduction: Occlusal traits in orthodontic patients have been studied in different parts of Nepal. However, very few data are available on malocclusion in south-eastern region of Nepal.Objective: To assess the pattern of malocclusion occurring in orthodontic patients in south-eastern region of Nepal, and to estimate the age of presentation of Class II malocclusion among the patients.Materials & Method: Data were collected from 150 pre-treatment study models and lateral cephalograms from two orthodontic specialty clinics in Biratnagar. Angle’s classification system was used to determine dental malocclusion and ANB angle was used to determine skeletal malocclusion. Chi square test was used to test the association between dental and skeleton malocclusions.Result: Angle’s Class I malocclusion was found in 95(63.33%), Class II Div 1 in 41(27.33%), Class II Div 2 in 13(8.66%) and Class III in 1(0.66%). Among all subjects; 119 (79.33%) had skeletal Class I, 24(16%) had skeletal Class II and 7(4.66%) had skeletal Class III. There was significant association between dental and skeletal malocclusions. The average age for reporting Class II Div 1 malocclusion was 16.5 years and Class II Div 2 malocclusion was 19 years.Conclusion: Angle’s Class I is the most common malocclusion followed by Class II and Class III among orthodontic patients in south-eastern Nepal. The subjects lack awareness on age factor for orthodontic treatment.
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Kamboj, Ashish, SS Chopra, Nishant Sinha, Pritam Mohanty, Chandan Misra, and Atul Bali. "Orthosurgical management of an adult patient with severe Class-II malocclusion: A case report." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.010.
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Class II malocclusion cases are of interest to orthodontist since they constitute a significant percentage of cases they treat. However, they are one of the most challenging malocclusions to diagnose and treat.There lies a significant difference in prevalence of Class II malocclusion among various populations. Prevalence of Class II malocclusion in India varies from 1.9% in Rajasthan to 8.37% in South India.Class II malocclusions have dental or skeletal or combination entities. Success in the management of skeletal Class II cases especially in the adult cases relies on proper diagnosis and treatment planning. The treatment of severe dentofacial deformities in adult patients is a challenging task for both the orthodontist and the maxillofacial surgeon. In adults with severe discrepancy, combined orthosurgical approach is the ideal way to achieve acceptable results. This case report presents an adult male patient with severe Class II malocclusion in which mandibular advancement was carried out with BSSO. Post-treatment results showed improved facial esthetics and Class- I relationship of the skeletal jaw bases with optimal dental occlusion.
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Dhakal, Jyoti. "Comparative Dentoskeletal Study of Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Subjects." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9365.
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The dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II malocclusion subjects were evaluated using cephalometric radiograph and dental cast of 60 untreated patients. The sample included 30 Class II Division 1 and 30 Class II Division 2 malocclusion patients. The inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar, inter-canine alveolar, inter-premolar alveolar, inter-molar alveolar widths are measured on study models. The result showed statistically significant difference between the groups for mandibular inter-canine width only. The cephalometric analysis revealed that SNB angle was responsible for the skeletal sagittal difference between the two groups except for the position of maxillary incisors. No basic difference in dentoskeletal morphology existed between Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2 malocclusions.
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Baral, Prakash. "Prevalence of Malocclusion in Western Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i2.15215.
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Introduction: Malocclusion is the improper relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth. The prevalence of malocclusion varies in different populations of the world.Objective: To study the prevalence of malocclusion in western part of Nepal and to evaluate the gender variation in occurrence of malocclusion.Materials & Method: A total of 1284 subjects were studied. Out of them 656 were male and 628 were female. Intra-oral examination was carried out to assess occlusal types of Class I, II, III according to Angle’s classification of malocclusion, and various occlusal characteristics like crowding, spacing, cross-bite, open-bite and deep bite were recorded. Gender variation in malocclusion characteristics were tested using chi-square test (p<0.05).Result: The present study showed that Class I occlusion type with malocclusion was more prevalent than Class II and Class III malocclusions. Class I was seen in 71.5% , Class II div 1 in 20.7%, Class II div 2 in 3.9% cases and Class III in 4.1% cases. Among the occlusal characteristics; crowding (61.3%), deep bite (29.5%) and spacing (10.5%) were most prevalent.Conclusion: Class I malocclusion was most prevalent type of malocclusion in western Nepalese subjects. There was no significant gender dimorphism between male and female in prevalence of various malocclusion characteristics.
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Al Taki, Amjad, Mohammed H. Ahmed, Hussain A. Ghani, and Fatma Al Kaddah. "Impact of different malocclusion types on the vertical mandibular asymmetry in young adult sample." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 03 (July 2015): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.163233.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical mandibular asymmetry in a group of adult patients with different types of malocclusions, based on Angle's dental classification. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 patients (age range 19–28) who went for routine orthodontic treatment in the institution were divided into four groups: Class I, 26 patients; Class II/1, 30 patients; Class III, 23 patients; and control group (CG) with normal occlusion, 23 patients. Condylar asymmetry index (CAI), ramal asymmetry index (RAI), condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index values were measured for all patients on panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). Results: The results of the analysis showed that different occlusal types significantly affected the vertical symmetry of the mandible at the condylar level. Class I and Class II/1 malocclusion groups showed a significant difference in CAI values relative to the CG (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the CG and Class III malocclusion group (P > 0.05). Comparisons between Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions revealed a significant difference in CAI values (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Both Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions patients had significantly higher CAI values compared to CG and Class III group. CAI value was significantly higher in Class II/1 malocclusion compared to Class I malocclusion. Both these malocclusions could act as a predisposing factor for having asymmetric condyles if left untreated.
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Panainte, Irinel, Victor Suciu, and Krisztina-Ildikó Mártha. "Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies." Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 2, s1 (March 1, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jim-2017-0007.
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Abstract Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased.
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Kamboj, Ashish, SS Chopra, Amrit Thapa, Gagandeep Kochar, Pritam Mohanty, and Nishant Sinha. "Orthosurgical management of deckbiss malocclusion (Class-II Div 2) in adult patients: A case series." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 8, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.023.
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Class II malocclusion cases are of interest to orthodontists since they constitute a significant chunk of cases they treat. Still, they're one of the most grueling malocclusions to diagnose and treat.There lies a significant difference in the frequency of Class II malocclusion among various populations. The frequency of Class II malocclusion in India varies from 1.9% in Rajasthan to 8.37% in South India. Class II division 2 (Deckbiss) malocclusion is characterized by mandibular incisors positioned posterior to the cingulum of retroclined maxillary incisors. It usually presents with reduced overjet and increased overbite.The treatment approach of Class II division 2 malocclusion is different for different age groups. In growing cases, growth modulation with myofunctional appliances is recommended but in adult cases, orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery is the recommended treatment modality. When orthodontic treatment alone is ineffective or when facial aesthetics is grossly undermined, orthognathic surgery is the choice of treatmentIn the present case series, two adult cases of severe Class II division 2 (Deckbiss) malocclusion were treated orthosurgically with BSSO. This case series demonstrates that treatment of Class II division 2 (Deckbiss) malocclusion in adult patients is a challenging task and a combined orthodontic-surgical approach can be used to obtain optimum aesthetics & functional efficiency.
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Boiangiu, Ronen, Angelica Bencze, Elina Teodorescu, Stefan Milicescu Jr., Viorica Tarmure, Mariana Pacurar, and Ecaterina Ionescu. "Study Regarding the Applications of Imaging Technology in Cranial Base Morphology in Angle Class II Division 1 and 2 Malocclusions." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (September 15, 2017): 1935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5795.
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The aim of the research is to investigate the characteristics of cranial base morphology in class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusions. The study group consisted of 40 patients aged 11 years treated at the Orthodontic Department of �Carol Davila� University. Both gender and both malocclusion types were equally represented. Lateral cephalograms were traced and 22 linear and angular cephalometric parameters were calculated: four parameters for the cranial base (N-S-Ba, N-Op-Ba angles, N-S, S-Ba lengths) and 18 parameters for the maxillofacial complex Nsa-Nsp, Go-Gn, Kdl-Go, S-Nsp, N-Nsa, Nsa-Gn, N-Gn, Nsp-Go, SNA angle, ANB angle, SN � NsaNsp angle, SN-GoGn angle, N-Nsa-Gn angle, S-Nsp-Go angle, N-Nsa-Pg angle, gonial angle, FMA angle, NsaNsp � GoGn. Statistical significant differences between cranial base parameters in the two malocclusions groups were depicted, in particular for feminine gender. Regardless of gender, the sphenoidal angle values were mainly increased in both malocclusion groups, when compared to normal population values. The S-Ba lengths were decreased in both malocclusion groups, regardless of gender. More significant alterations of cranial base morphology were depicted in patients with Class II Division 2 malocclusions then in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The study�s results sustain the existence of some cranial base alterations in Class II malocclusions.
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Pant, Bashu Dev, Anjana Rajbhandari, Resina Pradhan, and Manju Bajracharya. "Relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 9, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v9i1.25684.
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Introduction: Teeth eruption is important for the development of alveolar process which increases vertical height of the face and third molar is the last tooth to erupt in the oral cavity after birth. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population.
Materials & Method: A sample of 170 patients with agenesis of at least one third molar was divided into four groups according to the third-molar agenesis pattern. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograph and cast models were used to determine the skeletal malocclusion and associated dental anomalies. The Pearson chi-square test was used for stastical analysis.
Result: Among 170 patients more than half of the patients were female with the average age being 18.15 ± 3.64 years. Majority of the patients had Class I skeletal malocclusion followed by Class II and III but on group wise comparison of patients with different skeletal patterns Class I skeletal malocclusion had highest prevalence of dental anomalies followed by Class III and Class II malocclusion.
Conclusion: Prevalence of third-molar agenesis was more in skeletal class I malocclusion followed by class II and III but skeletal Class I malocclusions had more dental anomalies followed by class III and class II malocclusion.
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Plaza, Sonia Patricia, Andreina Reimpell, Jaime Silva, and Diana Montoya. "Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, no. 4 (August 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.4.063-072.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and assess which cephalometric variables contribute to the possibility of developing skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalogram radiographs from 548 subjects (325 female, 223 male) aged 18 to 66 years. Sagittal skeletal pattern was established by three different classification parameters (ANB angle, Wits and App-Bpp) and vertical skeletal pattern by SN-Mandibular plane angle. Cephalometric variables were measured using Dolphin software (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, USA) by a previously calibrated operator. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and an ordinal multinomial regression model. Results: Evidence of association (p< 0.05) between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns was found with a greater proportion of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion using three parameters to assess the vertical pattern, and there was more prevalent hypodivergence in Class III malocclusion, considering ANB and App-Bpp measurements. Subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (odds ratio [OR]=1.85-3.65), maxillary prognathism (OR=2.67-24.88) and mandibular retrognathism (OR=2.57-22.65) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class II malocclusion. Meanwhile, subjects with maxillary retrognathism (OR=2.76-100.59) and mandibular prognathism (OR=5.92-21.50) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: A relationship was found between Class II and Class III malocclusion with the vertical skeletal pattern. There is a tendency toward skeletal compensation with both vertical and sagittal malocclusions.
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Kamboj, Ashish, S. S. Chopra, Tushar Deshmukh, Gagandeep Kochar, Deepak Chauhan, and Prateek Mathur. "Orthosurgical management of skeletal class-II malocclusion with vertical growth pattern- A case report." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 7, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.039.
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Edward H Angle first gave the classification for malocclusions into Classes I, II and III. Amongst these, Class II is the most prevalent and commonly treated at orthodontic clinics. Treatment of Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency in adult patients is usually managed with ortho-surgical treatment modality. In this article a case of Skeletal Class II malocclusion with vertical growth pattern is represented which was treated with BSSRO and mandibular advancement was carried out.
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Guirro, Willian Juarez Granucci, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Guilherme Janson, Marcos Roberto de Freitas, and Camila Leite Quaglio. "Maxillary anterior alignment stability in Class I and Class II malocclusions treated with or without extraction." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 1 (April 6, 2015): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/112614-847.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the postretention stability of maxillary incisors alignment in subjects with Class I and II malocclusion treated with or without extractions. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 103 subjects with initial maxillary anterior irregularity greater than 3 mm and was divided into four groups: group 1 comprised 19 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with nonextraction (mean initial age = 13.06 years); group 2 comprised 19 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with nonextraction (mean initial age = 12.54 years); group 3 comprised 30 patients with Class I malocclusion treated with extractions (mean initial age = 13.16 years); group 4 comprised 35 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with extractions (mean initial age = 12.99 years). Dental casts were obtained at three different stages: pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term posttreatment (T3). Maxillary incisor irregularity and arch dimensions were evaluated. Intergroup comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests. Results: In the long-term posttreatment period, relapse of maxillary crowding and arch dimensions was similar in all groups. Conclusion: Changes in maxillary anterior alignment in Class I and Class II malocclusions treated with nonextractions and with extractions were similar in the long-term posttreatment period.
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Jazaldi, Fadli, Benny M. Soegiharto, Astrid Dinda Hutabarat, Noertami Soedarsono, and Elza Ibrahim Auerkari. "Runx2 rs59983488 polymorphism in class II malocclusion in the Indonesian subpopulation." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i4.p216-220.
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Background: Class II malocclusion is one of the main orthodontic issues for patients in seeking treatment. The prevalence of class II malocclusion varies in different populations. Variation in skeletal profile is mainly controlled internally by a regulatory gene. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) plays a role in osteoblast differentiation and is highly expressed during development. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relation of regulatory gene variation in the Runx2 promoter with class II malocclusion. Methods: DNA samples were acquired from 95 orthodontic patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, who were divided into two groups: class I skeletal malocclusion (control group) and class II malocclusion. A single nucleotide polymorphism was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The distribution of alleles was assessed using the Hardy-Weinberg test. The relationship between polymorphism and skeletal variation was assessed with the Chi-Square test and logistic regression. Results: The frequency distributions of genotypes and alleles were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and found to be slightly deviated. There was an equal distribution of G and T alleles throughout class II and class I skeletal malocclusions and the Chi-Square test showed that this relationship was not significant (p=0.5). Conclusion: Runx2 rs59983488 polymorphism was found in the Indonesian subpopulation; however, an association between Runx2 rs59983488 polymorphism and class II skeletal malocclusion was not found.
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Marusamy, Kavitha Odathurai, Ahmed Marghalani, Lujain Khaled Aljuhani, Shahd Nabil Alhelali, Saravanan Ramasamy, and Ullal Anand Nayak. "Relationship of Malocclusion with Self-Esteem & Quality of Life of Adult Saudi Female Orthodontic Patients." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 30 (July 26, 2021): 2276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/465.
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BACKGROUND Self-satisfaction can be influenced by malocclusion resulting in impairment of psychology, associated with low self-esteem (SE) and quality of life issues (QOL). Certain malocclusions and orthodontic treatment needs are related to QOL and they can affect the psychological development and social skills of adolescents and young adults, who are the most common orthodontic patients. This study was done to assess the self-esteem and Orthognathic Quality of Life (OQL) among female participants with different types of malocclusion in private orthodontic clinics in Jeddah. METHODS This questionnaire-based study evaluated the effect of orthodontic malocclusion on SE and QOL in female orthodontic patients with Class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion, crowded anterior teeth, proclined anterior teeth, open bite, and deep bite patients. Patients were evaluated before starting orthodontic treatment with Rosenberg’s SelfEsteem Scale and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) to find any correlation with malocclusion severity. RESULTS The results indicated that females who had Class II proclination and Class II deep bite type of malocclusion had significantly higher negative SE compared to other types. In the oral function component of the OQLQ, Class II malocclusion had statistically significant higher OQLQ scores than Class I Open bite (mean difference = 6.11, P = 0.004) and Class II Deep bite (mean difference = 4.88, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that female orthodontic patients with severe Class II and / or severely protrusive lip profile, deep bite may have lower SE and QOL than those with crowding, open bite, and Class III malocclusion. KEY WORDS Self-esteem, Orthodontic Malocclusion, Female Adult Orthodontic Patients, Quality of Life
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Jain, Suruchi, and Ashima Valiathan. "Class II subdivision malocclusion." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 133, no. 1 (January 2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.11.009.
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Alhammadi, Maged Sultan, Esam Halboub, Mona Salah Fayed, Amr Labib, and Chrestina El-Saaidi. "Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 6 (December 2018): 40.e1–40.e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl.
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Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.
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Kamble, Ranjit, Narendra S. Sharma, Sunita Shrivastav, and Preethi Sharma. "A Tailored Approach for Growth Modification: An Innovative Approach." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 4 (2017): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1461.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment effects of the clear block appliance during comprehensive correction of class II malocclusion in growing patients. Introduction Sagittal discrepancy commonly exists in skeletal class II malocclusions. The popular of the class II malocclusions is division 1 type among them. The presence of original skeletal jaw abnormality is the origin of the class II malocclusions. The treatment result of such skeletal malocclusion depends on the age, latent growth, and cooperation of the individual. The class II division 1 malocclusion in a growing individual can be successfully treated with different types of myofunctional appliance. The present article illustrates a new approach (clear block appliance) to correct sagittal discrepancy to make optimal use of the patient's pubertal growth spurt to achieve best possible results. Based on the results in these patients, the clear block appliance was very effective in correcting class II malocclusions. Although the results are positive, they should be tested on a large sample size. Clinical significance Clear block appliance proved to be the best alternative to other myofunctional appliances, where side effects in the form of anchorage loss or proclination of lower incisor do not occur with similar results. How to cite this article Sharma N, Shrivastav S, Kamble R, Sharma P. A Tailored Approach for Growth Modification: An Innovative Approach. World J Dent 2017;8(4):334-342.
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Sharma, Kuldeep, Ruchi Sharma, Dhruv Yadav, Abhilasha Choudhary, and Swapnil Singh. "A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 2 (2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1320.
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ABSTRACT Background Prevalence of malocclusion varies in different parts of a diverse country like India. Aims To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in population of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India, as well as subjects views regarding the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment by patients who have malocclusion. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 700 subjects (373 males and 327 females) with age group of 15 to 30 years. Subjects were randomly selected and none of them had received orthodontic treatment previously. The subjects who showed bilateral Angle's class I molar relationship with acceptable overjet, overbite and well-aligned arches or minimal crowding were considered to have normal occlusion. The subjects with malocclusion were classified into four groups according to Angle's classification, i.e. class I, class II division 1, class II division 2 and class III malocclusions. Results About 74.57% of population was found to have malocclusion. Among these subjects, 52.57% subjects were diagnosed with class I malocclusion, 12.57% with class II division 1 malocclusion, 8% with class II division 2 and remaining 1.42% had class III malocclusion. No statistically significant differences were found between male and female subjects. Conclusion Among class I malocclusion characteristics, Angle's class I type 1 malocclusion was statistically significantly found to be the most prevalent type of malocclusion. As far as the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment was determined, a desire of enhancing facial appearance followed by a desire of attaining straight teeth was considered to be the chief motivational factor among this population. How to cite this article Sharma R, Sharma K, Yadav D, Choudhary A, Singh S. A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India. World J Dent 2015; 6(2):87-92.
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Al-Khateeb, Emad A. A., and Susan N. Al-Khateeb. "Anteroposterior and Vertical Components of Class II division 1 and division 2 Malocclusion." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/062208-325.1.
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Abstract Objective: To describe and analyze the skeletal and dental characteristics associated with Class II division 1 (Class II/1) and Class II division 2 (Class II/2) malocclusions in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions. Materials and Methods: A total of 551 lateral cephalograms were used; 293 films of Class II/1 and 258 films of Class II/2 malocclusions. Lateral cephalographs were traced and analyzed. Parameters for both malocclusions were compared with each other and with the norms calculated for the Jordanian population in another study. Results: The maxilla was prognathic in both malocclusions. The mandible was retrognathic in Class II/1 and orthognathic in Class II/2. Vertically, LAFH was significantly reduced in patients with Class II/2 compared with subjects with Class II/1 who exhibited a significantly increased LAFH. In Class II/1, the lower incisors were proclined and the interincisal angle was reduced, while in Class II/2 the lower incisors were at a normal inclination and the interincisal angle was significantly increased. Conclusions: Class II/2 may be considered as a separate entity which differs in almost all skeletal and dental features from Class I and Class II/1. A Class II skeletal pattern and reduced interincisal angle were common features of Class II/1 malocclusion, while a Class II skeletal pattern, increased interincisal angle, and skeletal deep bite were common features of Class II/2 malocclusion.
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Jiang, Q., L. Mei, Y. Zou, Q. Ding, R. D. Cannon, H. Chen, and H. Li. "Genetic Polymorphisms in FGFR2 Underlie Skeletal Malocclusion." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 12 (September 11, 2019): 1340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519872951.
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2) in craniofacial bones mediates osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The distortion of proper craniofacial bone growth may cause class II and class III skeletal malocclusion and result in compromised function and aesthetics. Here, we investigated the association between variations in FGFR2 and skeletal malocclusions. First, 895 subjects were included in a 2-stage case-control study with independent populations (stage 1: n = 138 class I, 111 class II, and 81 class III; stage 2: n = 279 class I, 187 class II, and 99 class III). Eight candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FGFR2 were screened and validated. Five SNPs (rs2162540, rs2981578, rs1078806, rs11200014, and rs10736303) were found to be associated with skeletal malocclusions (all P < 0.05). That is, rs2162540 was significantly associated with skeletal class II malocclusion, while others were associated with skeletal class III malocclusion. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the common genotypes of rs2981578 and rs10736303 contained the binding sites of RUNX2 and SMAD4. Compared with the common genotypes, the minor genotypes at these 2 SNPs decreased the binding affinity and enhancer effect of RUNX2 and SMAD4, as well the levels of FGFR2 expression. In addition, FGFR2 expression contributed positively to osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Thus, we identified FGFR2 as a skeletal malocclusion risk gene, and FGFR2 polymorphisms regulated its transcriptional expression and then osteogenic differentiation.
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Mahamad Iqbal, D. K., Vivek B. Amin, Rohan Mascarenhas, and Akther Husain. "Skull bone thickness versus malocclusion." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (November 20, 2015): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.169951.
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Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the thickness of skull bones, namely frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients. Materials and Methods Three hundred subjects who reported to the Department of Orthodontics requiring orthodontic treatment within the age group 17-35 were selected for the study. They were subdivided into three groups of 100 each according to the skeletal and dental relation. Profile radiographs were taken and the tracings were then scanned, and uploaded to the MATLAB 7.6.0 (R 2008a) software. The total surface areas of the individual bones were estimated by the software, which represented the thickness of each bone. Result Frontal bone was the thickest in Class III malocclusion group and the thinnest in Class II malocclusion group. But the parietal and occipital bone thickness were not significant. During gender differentiation in Class I, malocclusion group frontal bone thickness was more in males than females, In Class II, malocclusion parietal bone thickness was more in males than females. No statistically significant difference exists between genders, in Class III malocclusion group. During inter-comparison, the frontal bone thickness was significant when compared with Class I and Class II malocclusion groups and Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. Conclusion The differences in skull thickness in various malocclusions can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients. It was found that the new method (MATLAB 7.6.0 [R 2008a] software) of measuring skull thickness was easier, faster, precise, and accurate.
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Rita, Sufia Nasrin, and SM Anwar Sadat. "Growth Modification in Class II Malocclusion: A Review." Update Dental College Journal 4, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i2.24044.
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Class II malocclusion is the condition in which the mandibular first molars occlude distal to the normal relationship with the maxillary first molar. The etiology of class II malocclusion varied between skeletal, soft tissues, dental factors and habits. Skeletal class II could be because of protrusion of maxilla, retrusion of mandible and combination of both. The treatment modalities of any skeletal problem include Growth modification, Dental camouflage and Orthognathic surgery. The optimal time for treatment of patients with Class II malocclusions therapy should be initiated at the beginning of cervical vertebrae maturation stage CS3 to maximize the treatment effects. Age of treatment is approximately 8-14 years. The growth modification of moderate to severe skeletal class II malocclusion can be done by head gear, bionator, activator, twin block, herbest appliance, Frankel II regulator. The ultimate goal of growth modification depends on treatment timing, length of treatment, working mechanism of appliance, patients skeletal and dental condition we want to treat and the compliance of the patient.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (2): 23-26
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Almeida, Soraia Azevedo, Paula Loureiro Cheib, Gustavo Quiroga Souki, Lorenzo Franchi, and Bernardo Quiroga Souki. "Do orthodontists recommend Class II treatment according to evidence-based knowledge?" Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 5 (October 6, 2015): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.0004.
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AbstractIntroductionThe adequate indications for the timing of treatment for Class II malocclusion are mandatory for the ethical and efficient practice of orthodontics, but clinicians are reluctant to accept new information that contradicts their preferred method of treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this investigation was to assess the agreement regarding the indications for Class II malocclusion interceptive therapy between a group of international opinion-makers on early treatment and a group of orthodontists and to compare their treatment indications with the current evidence-based knowledge.Material and methodAn electronic survey containing photographs of mild, moderate and severe Class II malocclusions in children was sent to two panels of experts. Panel 1 (n=28) was composed of international orthodontists who had authored world-class publications on early orthodontic treatment, and Panel 2 (n=261) was composed of clinical orthodontists. Based on a 5-point Likert-type scale, the orthodontists selected their therapy option for each of the 9 Class II malocclusion cases.ResultThe Class II malocclusion treatment recommendations of Panel 2 were significantly different from those offered by Panel 1 with a skew of at least 1 scale point toward earlier treatment. The Class II malocclusion treatment recommendations of the members of Panel 1 members were in accordance with contemporary evidence-based knowledge.ConclusionClass II malocclusion overtreatment appears to be the tendency among clinical orthodontists but not among orthodontists who are academically involved with early treatment. There is a gap between the scientific knowledge and the practices of orthodontists.
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Gelgör, İbrahim Erhan, İhya Ali Karaman, and Ertuğrul Ercan. "Prevalence of Malocclusion Among Adolescents In Central Anatolia." European Journal of Dentistry 01, no. 03 (July 2007): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698327.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of malocclusion in a population of Central Anatolian adolescents in relation to gender.Methods: The sample comprised 2329 teenagers (1125 boys and 1204 girls), aged between 12 and 17 years (mean age: 14.6 yrs). Occlusal anteroposterior relationships were assessed using the Angle classification. Other variables examined were overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, posterior crossbite, and scissors bite.Results:The results showed that about 10.1% of the subjects had normal occlusions, 34.9% of the subjects had Class I malocclusions, 40.0% had Class II Division 1 malocclusions, 4.7% had Class II Division 2 malocclusions and 10.3% had Class III malocclusions. Over 53.5% had normal overbites, and 18.3%, 14.4%, 5.6%, and 8.2% had increased, reduced, edge-to-edge or anterior open bite values, respectively. Overjet relationship was normal in 58.9%, increased in 25.1%, reversed in 10.4%, and edge-to-edge in 5.6%. A posterior crossbite registered in 9.5% and scissors bite in 0.3%. Anterior crowding was present in 65.2% of the sample and midline diastema in 7.0%. No clear gender differences were noted, except for normal overbite (most frequent in girls, P>.001) and increased overbite (most frequent in boys, P>.05)Conclusions: Class II Division 1 malocclusion is the most prevalent occlusal pattern among the Central Anatolian adolescents and the high values (25.1% and 18.3%) of increased overjet and overbite were a reflection of the high prevalence of Class II malocclusion. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:125-131)
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Vishnu, Sriman, Saravanakumar Subranmanian, Prema Anbarasu, Nagappan Nagappan, Annamalai P.R., and Indra Annamalai. "Validity of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Complexity in Assessing Complexity of Treatment among the Malocclusion Groups." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 14 (April 5, 2021): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/215.
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BACKGROUND To provide efficient and well-planned orthodontic treatment orthodontists must be able to assess the type of malocclusion and the complexity involved in its treatment. Hence, the purpose of this study was to validate index of orthodontic treatment complexity (IOTC) as a reliable index to assess the treatment complexity in treating different malocclusion groups. METHODS A retrospective study with sample of 120 pairs of orthodontic study model consisting of treated and untreated cases, were collected and equally divided into class I, class II including both division 1 and division 2 and class III malocclusions based on Angles system of classification of malocclusion. Study casts were scored according to criteria given by the index of orthodontic treatment complexity and the degree of complexity is established for each of the malocclusion groups and the occlusal traits. RESULTS The Spearman correlation coefficients test shows that occlusal traits like overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite, alone significantly correlated with degree of complexity. Multiple regression analysis and one way ANOVA tests were performed for the three types of malocclusion and the test showed that in individual classes of malocclusion, the predictor variable (occlusal traits) significantly predicts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. CONCLUSIONS Overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite correlated with degree of complexity. IOTC forecasts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. KEY WORDS IOTC, Malocclusion, Occlusal Traits
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Anupama V, Jain, Patil Anand K, and Naik Roopak. "Evaluation of effects of Forsus Fatigue Resistance device in correction of class II division 1 malocclusion in adolescent patient: A case report." Journal of Dental Problems and Solutions 9, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2394-8418.000114.
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Introduction: Class II malocclusion is one of the most prevalent malocclusions. The Class II malocclusions are caused due to forwardly placed maxilla, the backward position of the mandible, or a combination of both these factors. This disparity in skeletal base growth and position can be corrected during growth spurts using functional and fixed functional appliances. Description: An adolescent boy with Class II division 1 malocclusion, retrusive mandible, and increased overjet was treated with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance (0.022-slot Gemini 3M -MBT prescription) along with a fixed functional appliance, Forsus TM Fatigue Resistant Device. The Skeletal age of the patient assessment using Hand wrist radiograph and CVM showed a major part of the adolescent growth spurt to be completed. Pre-treatment and post-functional cephalograms were traced and superimposed to compare changes in the skeletal base and dental structures. Result: The Class II molar and canine relationships were corrected to class I and the mandible showed forward positioning leading to correction for the skeletal base to class I. The facial profile showed marked improvement to an orthognathic pleasing profile. Conclusion: The purpose of this case report is to emphasize on use of fixed functional appliances in the treatment of adolescents with skeletal base discrepancies like Class II division 1 malocclusion. Intervention with fixed functional appliances at the appropriate skeletal age can prevent the need for extractions or other surgical procedures that may be needed to correct the malocclusion.
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Choi, Jimyung, Jisun Shin, Miran Han, Junhaeng Lee, Jongsoo Kim, and Jongbin Kim. "A Study on Various Sizes and Volumes of the Palate among the Korean Population in Mixed Dentition." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 49, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2022.49.3.329.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the palatal dimensions (volume, width, length, and height) in different malocclusions (Class I, II, and III) in mixed dentition using a three-dimensional digital scanner. The study was performed on 30 selected casts from 1400 casts that were taken at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Dankook University. Casts consisted of Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups in Hellman’s dental age IIIA. The mean age was 8 years and 6 months ± 11 months. Each cast was scanned by three-dimensional digital scanner, Medit T710 (Medit, Seoul, Korea), and shaped into the three-dimensional image and calculated palatal dimensions using the Plan T program (SMD solution, Seoul, Korea). The values were statistically compared and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test. According to our results, subjects with Class II malocclusion showed lower palatal width and longer palatal length compared to those with Class I and Class III. For palatal height, Class III malocclusion subjects in mixed dentition exhibited a larger number than Class II and Class I. Lastly, for palatal volume, compared to other malocclusions, Class III showed higher results; however, there were no significant differences. The form of the palate differs in types of malocclusions and understanding of these differences is important in clinical significance. Based on this study, the understanding of the relationship between the shape of the palate and the skeletal pattern provides useful information about orthodontic treatment plans, early diagnosis of malocclusion, and morphological integration mechanisms. Orthopedic treatment in the maxilla should be performed during early and intermediate mixed dentition to enhance treatment efficiency.
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Pooja Umaiyal M, Saravana Dinesh S P, and Jaiganesh Ramamurthy. "Analysis of Patients with Skeletal Malocclusion Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Along with Fixed Orthodontics in a Dental Hospital Setup." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 12, 2020): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2949.
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Lately, people have become more conscious about their physical appearance. Orthodontic treatment has no doubt in providing a significant effect on facial aesthetics. Commonly treated dental and skeletal malocclusion includes class II and class III, skeletal malocclusions might need orthodontic fixed appliance, orthognathic surgery or a combination of both for its correction. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence percentage of patients with skeletal malocclusion undergoing orthognathic surgery along with fixed orthodontics. We reviewed and analysed the data of 86000 patients who visited a dental institutional hospital between June 2019 and March 2020. A total of 60 patients were chosen to be included in this retrospective study. They were diagnosed with either class II or class III malocclusions. Socio-demographic and clinical data of all the 60 patients were collected, such as age, gender, type of skeletal malocclusion, treatment suggested and treatment undergone were retrieved from the patient records provided by Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. This data was tabulated in excel and analysed using SPSS software. Chi-Square test was performed, and the p-value was determined to evaluate the significance of the variables. Among the patients, 51.7% were males with the peak prevalence of reporting for skeletal malocclusion treatment at the age of 10-30 years (85%). Most predominant dental malocclusion being class II division 1 (38.3%) followed by class III(23.3%). Proclination (40%) and crowding (60%) were other common dental alignment issues in the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively.
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Bussadori, Sandra Kalil, Carlos Eduardo Bugano de Oliveira, Carolina Cardoso Guedes, Kristianne Porta Fernandes, Analúcia Ferreira Marangoni, Maria Aldeíde Costa Borges, and Elaine Marcílio Santos. "Patients with Class II Malocclusion: Cephalometric analysis in the Tegumentary Profile." ConScientiae Saúde 8, no. 3 (October 29, 2009): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v8i3.1641.
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The aim of the study was to assess cephalometric abnormalities in the tegumentary profile of patients with Class II malocclusion. Twenty patients with average age of seven years and eight months were divided into: Group I - control, Class I, no malocclusions (n=10); Group II – Class II malocclusion (n=10). Standardized radiography was performed for the obtainment of the cephalometric points. Langlade’s classification was employed and the features were used: GN.Sn.Pog, ANL,A´-Gv, Pog´- Gv, Ls-GV, Li-GV, Sls-Gv, Sli-Gv. The Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used, with the level of significance set at 5%. The results show that the patients with Class II had more convex tegumentary profile, less protruded mid face and upper lip, less depth of the upper lip groove and more retracted lower lip and tegumentary chin, with statistically significant differences between groups (p0.005). The conclusion is that the patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited cephalometric abnormalities in the tegumentary profile.
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de Mattos, Juliana Macêdo, Juan Martin Palomo, Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas, Paula Loureiro Cheib, Manhal Eliliwi, and Bernardo Quiroga Souki. "Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 6 (September 1, 2017): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/121216-890.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To test the null hypotheses that the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles are identical on the Class I and Class II sides of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Retrospective three-dimensional (3D) assessments of the positions of the glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles were made in patients with Class II malocclusion. Relative to a fiducial reference at the anterior cranial base, distances from the glenoid fossae and condyles were calculated in pretreatment cone beam computed tomographic scans of 82 patients: 41 with Class II and 41 with Class II subdivision malocclusions. The 3D distances from glenoid fossae to sella turcica in the X (right-left), Y (anterior-posterior), Z (inferior-superior) projections were calculated. Results: Patients with Class II malocclusion displayed a symmetric position of the glenoid fossae and condyles with no statistically significant differences between sides (P > .05), whereas patients with Class II subdivision showed asymmetry in the distance between the glenoid fossae and anterior cranial base or sella turcica (P < .05), with distally and laterally positioned glenoid fossae on the Class II side. (P < .05). Male patients had greater distances between glenoid fossae and anterior cranial fossae (P < .05). The condylar position relative to the glenoid fossae did not differ between the two malocclusion groups nor between males and females (P > .05). Conclusions: The null hypotheses were rejected. Patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion displayed asymmetrically positioned right- and left-side glenoid fossae, with a distally and laterally positioned Class II side, although the condyles were symmetrically positioned within the glenoid fossae.
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Othman, Rawand J., and Jameel A. Alkhashan. "Mesiodistal Crown Diameter of Normal Occlusion and Different Malocclusion Groups for a Sample of Kurdish Population of Erbil City." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp32-37.
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It is essential to know the tooth crown size to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment planning to ensure the satisfactory outcome of orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to measure and compare mesiodistal crown diameter of a Kurdish sample in Erbil city with normal and different classes of malocclusion. The mesiodistal tooth width was measured by an electronic digital caliper on a total of 150 (75 males and 75 females) orthodontic models of secondary school students of different occlusal relationships (Class I normal occlusion, Class I, Class II division I, Class II division II, and Class III malocclusions). The results showed that (1) the maxillary right first molar was significantly larger than the left one and both maxillary right lateral incisors and first premolars were larger than their contralateral teeth at the level of P < 0.01. (2) Both upper and lower canine were significantly smaller in females than in males; (3) Class I malocclusion showed tendency toward larger teeth than the rest of the other occlusal categories; (4) no statistically significant differences in tooth size were found among the Class II division I, division II, and Class III malocclusions when compared to normal occlusion. In conclusion, females had smaller teeth than males and there was asymmetry between the right and left sides in tooth size and Class I malocclusion showed tendency toward larger teeth.
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Coello-Vásquez, Santiago, Alberto Alvarado-Cordero, María Delgado-López, and Luisa Salinas-Abarca. "Prevalence of dental malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 5, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2018.004.
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The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a clinical examination of 181 schoolchildren aged 12 years, who were randomly selected from the schoolchildren population. We assessed the presence of malocclusions using the Angles classification. The analysis was performed in the program EpiInfo 7.2. The majority of the patients presented malocclusions (91.7%). There is no significant difference between public and private schools and the male sex was slightly more affected. There was a predominance of the Class II division 1 (30.4%), followed by Class III (25.4%), and Class I (24.9%), with the lowest prevalence reported for Class II division 2 (11%). A high rate of malocclusion was found in in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador, in both males and females. The dominant malocclusion in this study was Class II division 1.
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Bernabé, Eduardo, Aubrey Sheiham, and Cesar Messias de Oliveira. "Condition-Specific Impacts on Quality of Life Attributed to Malocclusion by Adolescents with Normal Occlusion and Class I, II and III Malocclusion." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/091707-444.1.
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Abstract Objective: To compare the prevalence, intensity, and extent of condition-specific oral impacts on quality of life attributed to malocclusion by Brazilian adolescents with normal occlusion and those with Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Four groups of 55 adolescents were configured such that each group represented normal occlusion, as well as Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusion. No radiographs were taken. Adolescents aged 15 to 16 years were selected from those attending all secondary schools in Bauru (Sao Paulo, Brazil). The Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index was used to collect data on condition-specific impacts (CSIs) attributed to malocclusion. The prevalence, as well as the intensity and extent, of CSIs was compared among the four groups with the use of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively. Results: Groups were comparable according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of CSI was significantly different between groups (P = .039). Class II and III malocclusion groups reported a higher prevalence of CSI than those with normal occlusion and Class I malocclusion. However, the intensity and extent of CSI were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: The prevalence, but not the intensity and extent, of CSIs attributed to malocclusion differed among groups with different malocclusions. The present findings support the concept that malocclusion has physical, psychological, and social effects on quality of life.
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Pajevic, Tina, Jovana Juloski, and Marija Zivkovic. "Class II Division 1 malocclusion treatment using TADs: Case report." Serbian Dental Journal 67, no. 3 (2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs2003159p.
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Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of Class II Division 1 (II/1) malocclusions in adults can be challenging since skeletal effects are limited. Possible treatment options are orthodontic camouflage or orthognatic surgery, in severe cases. The aim of this paper was to present a successful management of Class II malocclusion in an adult patient using temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Case report. After detailed clinical examination, study models and cephalometric analysis, a 26 years old patient was diagnosed with Class II malocclusion, an overjet of 12 mm, congenitally missing tooth 41 and midline shifted to the right in upper dental arch. In prior orthodontic treatment, patient had upper premolars extracted. Posterior teeth in upper left quadrant were shifted mesially. The camouflage treatment was considered, using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to distalize posterior teeth on the left side, and gain space for incisor retraction and midline correction in upper dental arch. Results. Using TADs as additional anchorage in anterior region and coil spring for molar distalization, the space was made for tooth 23, midline correction and incisor retraction. After 40 months, a satisfactory result was achieved, overjet and midline correction, class I canines occlusion and class II molar occlusion. Conclusion. Class II/1 malocclusion in adults can be successfully treated using TADs. The success depends on the severity of malocclusion and patient cooperation.
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Joshi, Harshil Naresh, Jay Soni, Santosh Kumar Goje, Arth Patel, Shireen Mann, and Rupandeep Kaur. "Long Term Stability of Skeletal Class II Treatment with Modified Bionator Followed by Fixed Appliance - A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 22 (May 31, 2021): 1726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/356.
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The most prevalent malocclusion seen in day-to-day practice is Class II division 1 malocclusion. Most patients with malocclusions in class II division 1 have an underlying skeletal difference between the maxilla and the mandible. The treatment of skeletal class II division 1 depends on the patient's age, the ability of growth potential, the seriousness of malocclusion, and the patient's adherence to treatment. Myofunctional equipment can be successfully used to treat rising patients with deficient mandible class II division 1 malocclusion. This case report shows a focus on Class II Division 1 care due to mandibular deficiency using modified bionator appliances accompanied by fixed mechanotherapy with growth modification approach. Class II Division 1 is one of the most widely encountered form of malocclusion in human populations. The common characteristic of Class II Div 1 malocclusion in growing children is mandibular retrusion, according to Dr. James McNamara.1 The prevalence of Skeletal Class II malocclusion is 15 % of the world's total population. Underlying difference between Maxillary & Mandibular jaw makes the Class II Div 1 malocclusion more complex than it appears. It’s due to a contribution of only maxilla, or only mandible, or a combination of both. The treatment of Class II division 1 relies on the patient's age, growth ability, degree of malocclusion, and patient compliance with therapy.1,2 The cases with retrognathic mandible must be addressed by altering the direction & amount of mandibular growth by using functional appliances.3 The Bionator is a tooth-borne appliance that significantly changes dental and skeletal component of the face through a repositioning of mandible in a more protrusive & balanced way, selective eruption of teeth and profile enhancement.4-7 The Balters Bionator was first introduced in 1960 by Wilhelm Balters as a functional appliance & still one of the most widely used removable appliances for correction of mandibular retrognathism.8 In functional orthopaedics, all aspects of genetically determined individual growth patterns are important, most particularly time, potential, and growth direction. Although during the prepubertal phase there is limited skeletal development, substantial growth occurs during puberty, but with great individual variation. To prevent damage to erupting teeth and to normalize jaw growth, early functional orthopaedic intervention in the prepubertal phase is used.9,10,11 The purpose of this case report is to illustrate how satisfactory results were obtained in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion with modified Bionator in young patients. The positive facial, dental and cephalometric improvements are also illustrated, with the aid of proper diagnosis, amplified by excellent patient cooperation in case selection.
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Naresh, V., KVV Pratap Varma, Raja Bhaskar Reddy, S. Nanda Kishore Reddy, Sita Rama Rao, and Praveen Kumar Neela. "Evaluation of Malocclusion in MPDS." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 5 (2013): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1429.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a disorder which is characterized by facial pain and limited mandibular function because of the complex nature of this disease. Malocclusion was never evaluated in MPDS patients to know its role. Electromyographic silent period durations of masseter were used for objective assessment of MPDS patients. Aim To evaluation of role of malocclusion in MPDS patients and also to study the EMG masseteric silent period pattern in MPDS patients in different malocclusions. Materials and methods Two groups, groups I and II of 75 subjects each, were included in this study. Groups I and II constituted the normal subjects and MPDS patients respectively. All these subjects in both the groups were again subdivided based on Angle's class I, II and III malocclusion. Electromyographic (EMG) silent period of masseteric muscle on both sides was measured for all the subjects in both the groups to know whether it differs according to the type of malocclusion. Results The silent period was more in group II (MPDS patients). There was no significant difference in the silent periods in Angle's class I, II and III malocclusion in group I, whereas in group II, there was a significant difference in the silent period in Angle's class II compared to Angle's class I and III. There was no significant difference between males and females. Conclusion MPDS patients are more in Angle's class I malocclusion. Silent period is more in Angle's class II malocclusion of MPDS group. Clinical significance: The EMG masseter silent period duration can be advantageously utilized as an adjunct to clinical examination for diagnosis of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. It is enough if one side masseter muscle is measured for silent period duration. How to cite this article Varma KVVP, Reddy RB, Reddy SNK, Rao SR, Neela PK, V Naresh. Evaluation of Malocclusion in MPDS. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):939-943.
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Moro, Alexandre, Guilherme Janson, Marcos Roberto de Freitas, JoséFernando Castanha Henriques, Nicolau Eros Petrelli, and José Pereira Lauris. "Class II Correction with the Cantilever Bite Jumper." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/121807-591.1.
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Abstract Objective: To identify the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes that occur during Class II correction with the Cantilever Bite Jumper (CBJ). Materials and Methods: This prospective cephalometric study was conducted on 26 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated with the CBJ appliance. A comparison was made with 26 untreated subjects with Class II malocclusion. Lateral head films from before and after CBJ therapy were analyzed through conventional cephalometric and Johnston analyses. Results: Class II correction was accomplished by means of 2.9 mm apical base change, 1.5 mm distal movement of the maxillary molars, and 1.1 mm mesial movement of the mandibular molars. The CBJ exhibited good control of the vertical dimension. The main side effect of the CBJ is that the vertical force vectors of the telescope act as lever arms and can produce mesial tipping of the mandibular molars. Conclusions: The Cantilever Bite Jumper corrects Class II malocclusions with similar percentages of skeletal and dentoalveolar effects. (Angle Orthod. 2009:79; )
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Gershater, Elizabeth, Chenshuang Li, Pin Ha, Chun-Hsi Chung, Nipul Tanna, Min Zou, and Zhong Zheng. "Genes and Pathways Associated with Skeletal Sagittal Malocclusions: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 13037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313037.
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Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating the key regulatory effects of these genes and pathways in craniofacial development. There is no doubt that further investigation is necessary to validate these recognized genes’ and pathways’ specific function(s) related to maxillary and mandibular development. In summary, this systematic review provides initial insight on developing novel gene-based treatment strategies for skeletal malocclusions and paves the path for precision medicine where dental care providers can make an accurate prediction of the craniofacial growth of an individual patient based on his/her genetic profile.
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Hirji, Saima Nizar, Irfan Qamruddin, Muhammad Adeel Mudassar, Zohaib Khurshid, and Mohammad Khursheed Alam. "Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Removable Functional Appliances: A Narrative Review." European Journal of General Dentistry 10, no. 03 (September 2021): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736379.
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AbstractAround half of all malocclusions that need orthodontic treatment are Class II in nature. Patients with Class II malocclusion primarily seek treatment for aesthetic improvement. Most of the skeletal class II malocclusions are because of mandibular deficiency, and can be best treated during the growing phase of development by removable functional appliances. The objective of this review is to evaluate and compare skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of various removable functional appliances in the treatment of class II malocclusion. Manual and electronic databases were searched, and out of 5,711 articles, 221 abstracts were shortlisted and reviewed. A total of 19 articles that fulfilled the selection criteria was then retrieved and analyzed. A significant increase in mandibular length and dentoalveolar effects with an increase in vertical dimension in a short time was observed with Twin-Block appliance treatment, followed by Bionator appliance treatment. The long-term stability of results achieved with Twin-Block appliance treatment is still questionable. In addition, Frankel appliance treatment effects are more skeletal in nature, with better control in the vertical dimension. However, it takes a more extended treatment duration to produce similar effects. Based on available evidence, we are convinced that removable functional appliances are valuable tools for correction of the Class II malocclusion at a growing age with a horizontal growth pattern.
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Triwardhani, Ari, Alida Alida, and Vini Nur Aulia. "Bolton Analysis on Class I, II, and III Malocclusion Cases." Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine 5, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijdm.v5i1.2022.27-31.
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Background: Tooth size discrepancy is defined as an imbalance in size between each tooth. To obtain good occlusion with overbite and overjet, the maxillary and mandibular teeth must be of the appropriate size. One of the causes of malocclusion is the mismatch of the mesiodistal size of the teeth to the arch of the jaw. The relation of teeth with a large maxillary mesiodistal size while the mandibular mesiodistal size is small, it is impossible to get an ideal occlusion. This condition is known as tooth size discrepancy and can be a problem when determining the orthodontic treatment plan and when achieving the final orthodontic treatment outcome. Purpose: this study aimed to describe Bolton's analysis in cases of Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Review(s): The literature sources used in preparing the review were through databases PubMed and Google Scholar with the keywords tooth size discrepancy, Bolton analysis, and Class I, II, and III malocclusions. From the results of the researchers' measurements on malocclusions in the Angle Classification Class I and II, The anterior ratio was different in several cases, while in Class III the results were greater than the Bolton ratio, where the size of the lower jaw teeth was larger than the maxillary teeth, especially in the anterior ratio. Conclusion: Bolton's analysis can be applied to all cases regardless of the type of malocclusion, gender, or race, and remains an important investigation before starting treatment for post-treatment arch stability.
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Tang, Endarra L. K. "The Prevalence of Malocclusion Amongst Hong Kong Male Dental Students." British Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 1 (February 1994): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.21.1.57.
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The prevalence of malocclusion and treatment need amongst young Chinese adults has not previously been documented in Hong Kong. One-hundred-and-eight Chinese male first year dental students were assessed using the Occlusal Index. It was found that 41·7 per cent of the 108 needed orthodontic treatment and 24·1 per cent needed comprehensive orthodontic treatment to correct major malocclusions. The most commonly occurring feature was crowding (38·9 per cent), followed by Class II malocclusion (21·3 per cent,) and Class III malocclusion (14·8 per cent).
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Sudhakar, P., Sunil Arora, Amit Maheshwari, D. Praveen Kumar Varma, Sai Prakash Adusumilli, Bhaskar Mummidi, and A. Radhika. "Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations in correcting Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with ForsusTM." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1254.
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ABSTRACT Aim The present case report describes the importance of understanding of biomechanical and clinical considerations in application of Forsus appliance in correction of class II skeletal malocclusion. Background Angle's class II malocclusion is one of the most prevailing that may be either skeletal or dental presenting with different clinical manifestations. There are number of appliances to treat such a malocclusion in a growing child. Fixed functional appliances are indicated for class II corrections in patients who report late with minimal residual growth left. Case description A case of class II skeletal and dental malocclusion treated with preadjusted edgewise appliance supplemented with Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) (3M Unitek Corp, California, USA) is reported. Conclusion Forsus device is an effective alternative in treating moderate skeletal class II malocclusion. The Forsus FRD (3M Unitek Corp, California, USA) can be used instead of class II elastics in mild cases and in place of Herbst appliance in severe cases. Alteration of force vector by modifying the archwire as shown in this case report while applying Forsus and incorporation of 10 degree labial root torque in lower archwire will minimize the effects on dentition. Engaging modules or tubing on to the pushrod and leaving 1 to 2 mm clearance between distal end of the upper tube and L-pin as shown in this case report will significantly improve the patient compliance. Clinical significance Much emphasis should be given to biomechanical considerations which were discussed in this article while treating patients with Forsus to prevent the unwanted effects. Clinical considerations and certain modifications advised in this case report should be utilized while treating class II skeletal malocclusions with Forsus appliance to eliminate the patient cooperation factor and make treatment time estimates much more accurate. How to cite this article Adusumilli SP, Sudhakar P, Mummidi B, Varma DPK, Arora S, Radhika A, Maheshwari A. Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations in correcting Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with ForsusTM. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6):918-924.
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Ratan, Velagapalli Jessie, Kiran Kumar, Ravi Krishna K, Eswar Prasad S, Pavan K, Siddhartha N, and Naresh V. "Evaluation of possible reasons for asymmetries associated with Class II subdivision, Class II division 1 and normal malocclusion." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.056.
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: To evaluate and compare the asymmetries in subjects with two malocclusions that is Class II subdivision, Class II div 1 and normal occlusion.: 90 subjects ranging from 15 to 30 years divided into 3 groups A, B, C. Group A – Class II subdivision, Group B – Class II division I, Group C – Normal Class I occlusion. Angular, linear paired, linear unpaired measurements were calculated based on the Van De Coppell analysis using PA views.: Asymmetry was found in all the three groups where Group A patients showed greater degree of asymmetry near maxillary buttress and piriform aperture areas compared to the three groups. Group C patients showed greater degree of asymmetry in the occlusal plane angle. All the three malocclusions that is Class II div 1 Subdivision, Class II div 1 and Class I malocclusions showed equal amounts of asymmetry. Class II subdivision patients showed greater asymmetry near maxillary buttress area and piriform aperture. Class I malocclusion showed deviation in occlusal plane angle. Along with the lower third involving mandible, maxillary area also can equally show asymmetry in both skeletal and dental parameters.