Dissertations / Theses: 'Iguaçu Environmental Protection Area'

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Portela, Samuel Victor da Silva. "Relation Society and Environmental Protection: Study in the Surrounding Area of Environmental Protection Dunefield Paracuru - EC." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9219.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
The Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Field of Dunes is the largest Conservation Unit (UC) of the City of Paracuru. Comprising for 3909.60 hectares the APA has the environmental characteristics of the dunes that make up an ecosystem of ecological balance naturally fragile and in constant state of risk in relation to human intervention, but with a great ecological value and tourism. This area has a fundamental importance for the city, it is situated near the center of the municipal office and is in the process of increasing urbanization, including in areas of permanent preservation (APP) in its interior. With the present study, we tried to analyze the relations existing between the preservation of the APA of the field of Paracuru Dunes, and the use and occupancy of this by the around communities. The guiding elements for the theoretical and empirical analysis of the issue and execution of this research were the Environment, the Public Power and Society. As research techniques were used, the research literature, documentary research, non-participant observation and structured interviews and participatory research. The results enabled the development of a real scenery and this showed that the lack of synergy between the Public Power and community entities have been disclosed as a factor in worsening environmental conditions and quality of life for residents around the Environmental Protection Area of the Field of Dunes of the City of Paracuru-CE. With the diagnosis of field and the aid of a matrix of responsibilities, built in participatory research, we guide the Public Power and the communities around of the APA on the need to discuss the ideal scenery and analyze its viability, aiming at to construct the viable scenery for the area, under the support of the Environmental and Organic Laws of the Municipality.
A Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental (APA) do Campo de Dunas Ã a maior Unidade de ConservaÃÃo (UC) do MunicÃpio de Paracuru. Composta por 3.909,60 hectares a APA apresenta as peculiaridades ambientais das Dunas, que compÃem um ecossistema de equilÃbrio ecolÃgico naturalmente frÃgil e em permanente estado de risco, face Ãs intervenÃÃes antrÃpicas, mas com um grande valor ecolÃgico e turÃstico. Esta Ãrea possui uma importÃncia fundamental para a cidade, pois se encontra situada prÃxima ao centro da sede municipal e estÃ em processo crescente de urbanizaÃÃo, inclusive em Ãreas de PreservaÃÃo Permanente (APP) no seu interior. Com o presente estudo, buscou-se analisar as relaÃÃes atuais entre a preservaÃÃo da APA do Campo de Dunas de Paracuru e o uso e ocupaÃÃo desta pelas comunidades do entorno. Os elementos norteadores teÃricos e empÃricos para a anÃlise do tema e execuÃÃo desta pesquisa foram o Meio Ambiente, o Poder PÃblico e a Sociedade. Como tÃcnicas de pesquisa utilizaram-se, a pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, pesquisa documental, observaÃÃo nÃo participante e entrevista estruturada e a pesquisa participativa. Os resultados permitiram a elaboraÃÃo de um cenÃrio real e este mostrou que a falta de sinergia entre o Poder PÃblico e as entidades comunitÃrias tem se revelado como um fator de agravamento das condiÃÃes ambientais e da qualidade de vida dos moradores do entorno da Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental do Campo de Dunas do MunicÃpio de Paracuru â CE. Com o diagnÃstico de campo e o auxÃlio de uma matriz de responsabilidades, construÃdos nas pesquisas participativas, pudemos orientar o Poder PÃblico e as comunidades do entorno da APA na necessidade de discutir o cenÃrio ideal e analisar a sua viabilidade, visando construir o cenÃrio viÃvel para a Ãrea, sob o respaldo das Leis Ambientais e OrgÃnica do MunicÃpio.

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Maximiano, Gracie Abad. "Predictive vegetation mapping in GuaraquecÌ§aba Environmental Protection Area - Brazil." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408318.

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Fiorenza, Roberto. "TiO2-based catalysts for energy production and environmental protection." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3868.

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In the next future commercial photocatalysis would become both technically and economically competitive to counterpart technologies, for example hydrogen production from hydrocarbon reforming, CO2 conversion by dry reforming and chemical synthesis, water treatment by adsorption, biological treatment or advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Furthermore, compared to above industrial processes, air purification especially indoor air purification appears to be a promising field in which photocatalysis could potentially act as a commercialized technology, integrating with particulate matter removal technologies. Since its commercial production in the early twentieth century, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used as pigment and in sunscreens, paints, ointments, toothpaste, ecc. Moreover after its first application in water splitting by Fujishima and Honda in 1972, TiO2 has been heavily investigated in photocatalysis, solar cells, lithium ion battery electrodes, biomedical devices and intelligent coatings. However, there are still some intrinsic drawbacks that have limited the wide application of TiO2 in its many multidimensional nanostructure forms. Withal wide band gap, TiO2 (anatase: 3.2 eV, rutile: 3.0 eV) has a low utilization of the solar light spectrum. Furthermore, a fast recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs and a large over potential for water splitting leads to low photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, in these years in order to improve the TiO2 photoefficiency, more efforts have been devoted to enlarging the effective photocatalytic surface, forming Schottky junctions or heterojunctions, and engineering the band structure to match particular energy levels with structural or chemical modifications. In this work three different approaches were used to modify the chemico-physical properties of TiO2 investigating the effects of these changes on the photocatalytic performance both in the photo-oxidation and photo reduction reactions either under UV than solar light irradiation. The first strategy was to add at the commercial TiO2 another oxide as CeO2 and noble metals as gold or silver to exploit their surface Plasmon resonance effect. In particular the Au/TiO2-CeO2 catalyst has showed good performance both in the photocatalytic water splitting than in the photo-oxidation of 2-propanol in the gas-phase. The enhanced charge carrier separation due to the presence of gold and the redox properties of cerium oxide were the key factors to increase the photoactivity of TiO2. The second approach was a structural modification of TiO2 with the introduction of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies through laser irradiation. The remarkable increase of hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting was related to the presence of defects inside the crystalline structure of TiO2. The combinationon (third approach) of a TiO2 structural modification as the synthesis of inverse opal materials, and chemical modifications as the addition of a host component as BiVO4, CeO2, CuO or doping agent as N, W or Hf can be a promising strategy to enhance the titania photoactivity under solar light irradiation. The high performance of these catalysts was due to the peculiar porous backbone of inverse opal TiO2 that led to have a high light absorption inside the material and to exploit the photonic effects. Moreover, the presence of a photosensitizer as BiVO4 or the introduction of defects, eased by the presence of doping agents, further enhances the light absorption and the electron-hole charge separation of TiO2. The contemporaneous presence of structural and chemical modifications of titanium dioxide could be a promising approach to achieve an efficient use of solar energy applied to the TiO2-based photocatalysis for energy production and environmental protection.

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Iwamura, Livia Yu. "Proposta de revitalização paisagística de cavas da bacia do rio Iguaçu na região metropolitana de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/319.

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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a situação atual e definir diretrizes de projeto para a revitalização de um conjunto de cavas de areia situadas na bacia do Rio Iguaçu da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC). A concepção da proposta paisagística considerou quesitos multidisciplinares. A preocupação com a conjuntura da natureza foi abordada a partir de conceitos como Ecologismo, Ambientalismo e Ecogênese. A importância dos espaços livres foi analisada ao longo da incorporação destas áreas ao tecido urbano ao longo dos tempos. Feita esta análise global, partiuse então para a contextualização da área de estudo. A localização em área de manancial da RMC implicou na análise de fatores restritivos ambientais. Outro viés abordado foi o diagnóstico da RMC a partir de aspectos socioeconômicos, em especial no que diz respeito ao processo de ocupação irregular. No que concerne ao diagnóstico específico da área de estudo, a caracterização da água armazenada nas cavas é crucial para a definição de diretrizes de revitalização. A proposta baseou-se na avaliação limnológica de nove amostragens realizadas no período de abril de 2008 a novembro de 2009. A análise considerou os parâmetros estabelecidos pela Resolução nº 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente. Em linhas gerais, a água das cavas enquadrou-se nos parâmetros especificados para águas doces classe 2, sofrendo pouca influência dos sistemas adjacentes. O cálculo médio do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) revelou uma qualidade hídrica média, com exceção do Rio Iraí e de uma cava influenciada negativamente pelo Canal extravasor de água limpa que apresentaram IQA ruim. Paralelamente, realizou-se um levantamento florístico do ecossistema em questão, visando empregar espécies nativas no projeto paisagístico. O cruzamento destas informações resultou em uma proposta organizada em seis setores principais: extração mineral controlada; recuperação da mata ciliar; wetlands construídas; amortecimento; recreação pública; pesquisa e educação ambiental.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the current situation and define design guidelines for the landscape revitalization of sand holes located at Iguassu River Basin in Curitiba’s Metropolitan Region (RMC). This landscape proposal had a multidisciplinary profile. The worry about nature was explored through concepts such as Ecology, Environmentalism and Ecogenesis. The importance of open spaces and the relation between these and the urban context was analyzed along the history. After this general analysis, the research contextualized the studied area. The location at a water source area involved the analysis of restrictive environmental factors. Another issue was the RMC diagnosis from socioeconomic aspects, particularly about the process of illegal occupation. The revitalization proposal of the studied area is directly related to the characterization of water stored in the sand holes, which was based on limnological assessment of nine samples collected from April 2008 to November 2009. The analysis used parameters defined by the Environmental National Council. In general, the water of sand holes fits in the specified parameters, which means there was little influence of adjacent systems. The average calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI) showed that the water quality in the studied area was medium, except in Iraí River and in a sand hole negatively influenced by the Clean water overflow channel, which WQI was bad. Another developed activity was a floristic survey in order to use native species in landscape design. The result was a proposal organized into six main sectors: controlled mining; riparian vegetation recovery; constructed wetlands; damping; public recreation; environmental research and education.

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Howard, Brian. "Park and Ride Feasibility Analysis for the Evansville, Indiana, Metropolitan Area." TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/666.

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Congested roadways and declining air quality standards are major concerns for many communities faced with the challenges of suburban growth and city decay. How each community chooses to fight the problems created by urban sprawl depends greatly on individualized characteristics of the community. Analyzing and understanding unique values of each community provides a sound foundation for measures designed to promote sustainable growth initiatives. The Evansville, Indiana, region is experiencing many of the growing pains associated with increased residential, commercial, and industrial development. Many roadways are currently strained near capacity, and traffic problems are anticipated to increase over the next 20 years. Evansville was ranked 68 out of the 271 worst sprawling MPOs, and Vanderburgh County will be designated as "non-attainment" with the next EPA air quality ruling. This research demonstrates that the Evansville region has problems with urban sprawl, air quality, and roadway congestion. Local air quality data, roadway congestion, employer and employee surveys, and commute patterns are all analyzed to determine the existing characteristics of the community. As a means to mitigate current and future concerns, Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategies such as park and ride facilities should be utilized. Implementing shared used park and ride facilities will provide an effective and relatively inexpensive method of congestion reduction by providing motorists with a different commute option.

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Kreitzer, Debra. "Measuring the Applicability of the Seville Strategy to the Mammoth Cave Area Biosphere Reserve." TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/341.

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The dominant paradigms of the past decade involve the preservation of biodiversity through the use of landscape corridors and buffer zones, as well as the integration of economic growth through sustainable use. The International Biosphere Reserve (IBR) program, as defined in the Seville Strategy, encourages locations already involved in conservation to continue to protect biodiversity and foster harmonious relationships between humans and their environment through sustainable development. An excellent example of an IBR is the Mammoth Cave Area Biosphere Reserve (MCABR) in south-central Kentucky. In order to measure the significance of the implementation of the Seville Strategy in the MCABR, a methodology was developed which not only measures the implementation level of the Seville Strategy, but also the policies involved in the implementation procedure. Twenty-four indicators, designed by the authors of the Seville Strategy, were analyzed. These indicators were broken down into three categories, administrative, research, and educational indicators. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of the MCABR has had a significant impact on the biodiversity, environmental management, and sustainable development of the Mammoth Cave area. This methodology has the potential to successfully measure other IBR programs at the local, national, or international level.

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Miller-Anderson, Lovette. "Analyzing the impact of participatory-planned conservation policies in the Negril Environmental Protection Area, western Jamaica." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6958.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Geography. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Michael, Ryan Algernon. "Investigation of Mercury Use, Release, Deposition, and Exposures in the Tampa Bay Area." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4919.

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I investigate the links between mercury use, release, deposition, and population exposure in Tampa Bay, with the focus of identifying levers for reducing population mercury exposures. To achieve this, I investigated the trends in mercury use and release by products and processes in the Tampa Bay area using a Material Flow Analysis. Analysis of USEPA National Emissions Inventory data over time (1999 - 2008) identified relevant air source emission categories, and explored and compared state and regional trends in mercury emissions. To understand source contributions to wet deposited mercury in the Tampa Bay area, I analyzed trends in mercury deposition data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, Mercury Deposition Network, and the 2001 Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment. I also collected wet deposition samples for mercury and trace metals in the Tampa Bay area during a 6-month campaign at a site at the University of South Florida (USF) campus. Samples were analyzed using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS) for mercury, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace metals analysis. Concentration data were analyzed for source contributions using HYSPLIT back-trajectory meteorology-based modeling to assess source locations, and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) statistical receptor model to apportion the deposition data by source type. To explore the factors influencing fish consumption behaviors of the local angler population, I analyzed population surveys collected previously from fisher-folks along the Hillsborough River, in Hillsborough County, Florida. Results from the mercury inventory indicate that mercury releases from industrial sources and dental facilities were the most important sources of mercury to the Tampa Bay area. Furthermore, the solid-waste pool was the most important direct sink in the domain, with air emissions an important indirect sink. Emissions inventory data indicated that coal-fired power plants were the largest contributors of mercury emissions in the Tampa Bay area. Medical and municipal waste incineration also accounted for significant fractions of total mercury releases to the domain. Emissions from sources in Hillsborough County accounted for a significant portion of mercury emissions in the region and state. Measurement data indicated that event mercury concentration was only very weakly correlated with event precipitation depth, with both studies showing agreement with this phenomenon. Back-trajectory simulations reveal that high mercury concentration events were often from air masses with recent trajectories over Florida land (6 and 24 hr), and with previous high precipitation depth events over the trajectory in the long term (72 hr). The statistical PMF results indicate the importance of coal burning power plant emissions, medical and municipal waste incineration, and agrochemicals on mercury in wet deposition in the Tampa Bay area. Changes were observed between the 2001 and 2012 data, including greater mercury concentrations in 2012, and the removal of medical waste incineration as a mercury source in the 2012 model results. Together with local emissions inventory data, these results suggest that sources local to the Tampa Bay area and in Florida likely contribute substantially to mercury deposition in the region. Finally, population survey data suggests that mercury exposure risks are poorly understood by the fishing population in Hillsborough County. Taken together, these results suggest that policies targeting mercury emissions control, particurlarly for coal-fired power plants and municipal waste processing, and fish consumption education may be instrumental to the protection of susceptible populations.

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James, Arthur Jeffree. "Die identifisering van ontwikkelingsensitiewe areas teen berghellings : Stellenbosch- en Hottentotshollandberge." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52203.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Agricultural and forestry development as well as the erection of buildings and other structures against steep mountain slopes is currently a substantial problem in the Boland. Such developments can be detrimental because of aesthetic considerations and the environmental damage that can arise therefrom. In this regard, environmental damage specifically includes the destruction of fynbos and soil erosion, the latter also having a negative impact on agriculture. This study has attempted to identify areas sensitive to development, and from the resulting findings to develop a set of guidelines for possible future development along the mountain slopes of the Boland. The study area includes only a part of the Boland mountains, namely the Stellenbosch and Hottentotsholland mountains, but can serve as a pilot area for other regions in the Boland possibly plagued by the same problems. Analyses were primarily undertaken by means of GIS software such as inter alia Unix Arc/Info and ArcView 3.1. Various remote sensing techniques were also used to interpret and analyse Landsat TM satellite imagery. For these analyses the image processing program Idrisi for Windows was mainly used. Because the study concentrates on agricultural development, certain criteria such as the erodibility of soil types and the gradient had to be taken into account in the identification of sensitive areas. With regard to gradient data, the use of a "Digital elevation model" (OEM) was of cardinal importance. Other types of development (buildings and structures, as well as forestry) were also analysed to establish firstly where these developments occur; and secondly whether they occur in sensitive areas as far as the height and gradient of slopes are concerned. Because of the subjectivity that exists with regard to the visual impact of these developments, it is difficult to determine what developments on high mountain slopes are aesthetically acceptable and what are not. According to the Act on Agriculture no. 9238 of 1984, slopes with a greater than 20% gradient may not be ploughed without special permission. Against this background the most important result of the analyses undertaken in this study, was the identification of agricultural areas sensitive to erosion. Finally, guidelines are suggested that can be applied to possible future developments on the mountain slopes of the Boland.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landbou- en bosbou-ontwikkeling sowel as die oprigting van geboue en ander strukture teen steil berghellings is tans 'n wesenlike probleem in die Boland. Sulke ontwikkelings kan nadelig wees weens estetiese oorwegings en omgewingskade wat hieruit kan voortspruit. In hierdie verband verwys omgewingskade spesifiek na fynbosvernietiging en gronderosie. Gronderosie het natuurlik ook 'n negatiewe impak op die landbou. Daar is in hierdie studie gepoog om ontwikkelingsensitiewe areas te identifiseer, en vanuit bevindinge 'n stel riglyne te ontwikkel vir moontlike toekomstige ontwikkeling teen die berghellings in die Boland. Die studiegebied sluit slegs 'n gedeelte van die Bolandse berge in, naamlik die Stellenbosch- en Hottentotshollandberge, maar kan dien as loodsgebied vir ander streke in die Boland wat moontlik dieselfde probleme ondervind. Analises is hoofsaaklik gedoen deur middel van geografiese inligtingstelsels- (GIS-) programmatuur soos onder andere Unix Arc/Info en ArcView 3.1. Afstandswaarnemingstegnieke is ook aangewend om Landsat TM- satellietbeelde te interpreteer en te analiseer. Vir hierdie analises is hoofsaaklik van die beeldverwerkingsprogram Idrisi for Windows gebruik gemaak. Omdat die studie op landbou-ontwikkeling konsentreer, moes sekere kriteria soos die erodeerbaarheid van grondtipes en gradiënt in ag geneem word in die identifisering van sensitiewe areas. Wat gradiëntdata betref, was die gebruik van 'n "Digital elevation model" (OEM) van kardinale belang. Ander tipes ontwikkelings (geboue en strukture, asook bosbou) is ook ontleed om eerstens te bepaal waar hierdie ontwikkelings voorkom; en tweedens of hierdie ontwikkelings in sensitiewe areas wat hoogte en gradiënt betref, voorkom. Weens die subjektiwiteit wat rondom die visuele impak van hierdie ontwikkelings bestaan, is dit moeilik om te bepaal watter ontwikkelings teen hoë berghellings esteties aanvaarbaar is en watter nie. Volgens die Wet op Landbou no. 9238 van 1984 mag hellings met 'n gradiënt steiler as 20% nie sonder spesiale toestemming geploeg word nie. Teen die agtergrond hiervan is die belangrikste resultaat van analises in hierdie studie, die identifisering van erosiesensitiewe landbou-areas. Riglyne wat toegepas kan word op moontlike toekomstige ontwikkelings teen die berghellings in die Boland, word laastens voorgestel.

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Roberts, Julian Peter. "Marine environment protection and biodiversity conservation the application and future development of the IMO's particularly sensitive sea area concept /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061204.153018/index.html.

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Yusufoglu, Ayca. "A Critical Review Of The Tools And Techniques Used In Coastal Planning: Case Study Mugla-gokova Special Environmental Protection Area." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612354/index.pdf.

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A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE TOOLS &
TECHNIQUES USED IN COASTAL PLANNING: CASE STUDY MUGLA-GÖ
KOVA SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA Yusufoglu, Ayç
a M. S., Programme of City Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serap Kayasü
June 2010, 119 Pages This study focuses on the issue of coastal area management in terms of planning techniques and tools as well as legal aspects necessary in order to clarify the components of a successful coastal area planning process. It has been emphasized that planning of the coastal area should be performed within the context of integrated policy mechanism considering maintance of biodiversity, public participation and, promoting diversification among coastal related economic uses such as tourism, aquaculture, fishing. The thesis haS been grouped into according to definitions of coastal area, coastal planning and legislation, institutions, organizations, international commisions regarding coastal areas and Gö
kova Special Environment Protection Area from the perspective of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM). The case section of the thesis formed by five phases of Gö
kova SEPA 1/25.000 scaled Environmental Relation Plan in order to achieve ICM. Also, this is the first study performed by the reviewing of the tools and techniques used in the Gö
kova SEPA towards Integrated Coastal Management approach.

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Oliveira, Ana Cristina Rempel de. "Fatores determinantes da satisfação do visitante de Unidades de Conservação: o caso do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100140/tde-07052018-095310/.

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A satisfação dos consumidores vem sendo alvo de pesquisas acadêmicas ao menos desde a década de 1960. Entender os fatores que determinam a satisfação do consumidor pode ser crucial para o êxito do destino ou atrativo turístico. O interesse prévio pelo tipo de elemento turístico ofertado é um fator determinante na satisfação do visitante. No entanto, no caso dos destinos e atrativos turísticos naturais, essa relação é ambígua. Parece razoável supor que, quando visita um atrativo turístico natural conservado, o indivíduo mais interessado pela natureza ficará mais satisfeito com a visita do que o indivíduo que não apresenta grande interesse pelos elementos naturais. Apesar dessa relação entre o interesse pela natureza e a satisfação parecer óbvia, existe outro efeito possível. Indivíduos com maior interesse por elementos naturais podem ficar insatisfeitos com a visita a áreas naturais, quando estas apresentarem uma presença humana muito marcante. Tal incidência do elemento humano no ambiente pode se dar tanto por meio da infraestrutura quanto da visitação em larga escala. De um lado, há um efeito positivo, oriundo da relação direta entre os interesses do indivíduo e o tipo de ambiente visitado. Contudo, de outro lado, há um efeito negativo, decorrente do potencial excesso de infraestrutura e visitação. Se o efeito negativo for forte, supõe-se que ele poderá chegar a se sobrepor ao efeito positivo, fazendo com que indivíduos mais interessados pela natureza fiquem menos satisfeitos com a visitação da área natural. Para estudar essa relação ambígua, o objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar como o interesse por questões associadas à natureza influencia a satisfação do visitante de UCs. Para viabilizar a realização deste estudo, foi selecionado o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI), um atrativo turístico natural aberto à visitação, que recebe um considerável número de visitantes, que tem relevância internacional, que oferece contato com a natureza, mas também disponibiliza infraestrutura instalada e serviços aos visitantes. Seis hipóteses foram desenvolvidas e testadas por meio de um modelo de equações estruturais, estimado a partir de dados coletados em 434 entrevistas diretas com visitantes intercontinentais do PNI. Em especial, esta pesquisa estudou os efeitos da consciência ambiental do visitante sobre sua satisfação com a experiência da visita. Dentre os principais resultados 7 encontrados, constatou-se que, quanto maior a consciência ambiental, maior é a satisfação do visitante. Verificou-se, também, que, quanto maior a motivação e o interesse por turismo com base na natureza, maior a satisfação do indivíduo. Foi observado, ainda, que atributos como demasiada infraestrutura, trilhas estreitas, lojas de lembranças, lanchonetes e elevado fluxo de visitantes em alguns períodos, não reduzem o nível de satisfação dos visitantes ambientalmente conscientes
Consumers satisfaction has been the subject of academic research since the 1960s, at least. Understanding the factors that determine consumers satisfaction can be crucial to the success of the destination or tourist attraction. The prior interest in the type of touristic element offered is a determinant factor in the visitors satisfaction. However, in the case of natural tourist destinations and attractions, this relationship is ambiguous. It seems reasonable to suppose that when one visits a preserved natural tourist attraction, the individual most interested in nature will be more satisfied with the visit than the individual who has no great interest in the natural elements. Although this relationship between interest in nature and satisfaction seems obvious, there is another possible effect. Individuals with a greater interest in natural elements may be dissatisfied with the visit to natural areas, when they present a very marked human presence. Such an impact of the human element on the environment can occur both through infrastructure and through large-scale visitation. In one hand, there is a positive effect, arising from the direct relation between the interests of the individual and the type of environment visited. However, on the other hand, there is a negative effect, due to the potential excess of infrastructure and visitation. If the negative effect is strong, it is assumed that it may overlap with the positive effect, making individuals more interested in nature less satisfied with the visitation of the natural area. In order to study this ambiguous relationship, the general objective of this study is to analyze how interest in issues associated with nature influences the visitors satisfaction with the UCs. In order to make this study feasible, The Iguaçu National Park (INP) was selected, a natural tourist attraction opened to visiting, which receives a considerable number of visitors, has international relevance and offers contact with nature, but also provides installed infrastructure and services to visitors. Six hypotheses were developed and tested using a model of structural equations, estimated from data collected in 434 direct interviews with intercontinental INP visitors. In particular, this study studied the effects of the visitors environmental awareness on their satisfaction with the visit experience. Among the main results found, the greater the environmental awareness, the greater the visitor\'s satisfaction. It was also verified that the greater the motivation and the interest in tourism based on nature, the greater the satisfaction of the individual. It was also observed that attributes such as too much infrastructure, narrow trails, souvenir shops, snack bars and high flow of visitors in some periods do not reduce the level of satisfaction of environmentally conscious visitors

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Silvestre, Mariel. "Viabilidade juridica da ocorrencia da atividade mineradora em area de preservação permanente." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286778.

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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Segundo dados apresentados pelo Ministério de Minas e Energia, 80% das minas e jazidas estão localizadas em área de preservação permanente, embora o somatório de todas as áreas de concessão de lavra seja cerca de 0,2% (dois décimos por cento) da área total do País. Quando da mineração em área de preservação permanente estaremos diante de um conflito de bens e atividades de interesse comum, não devendo um interesse se sobrepor ao outro, mas sim, buscar a conjugação entre uso racional de um bem natural, qual seja, o minério, e a preservação de área com função ambiental. Para tanto, utiliza-se mecanismos práticos de caráter preventivo, como o licenciamento ambiental de ordem sócio-ambiental e a análise do PAE - Plano de Aproveitamento Econômico de ordem sócio-econômica e mecanismos de caráter corretivo, com a obrigação prevista constitucionalmente, do minerador recuperar a área degradada. O que se busca é a garantia do desenvolvimento sustentável, pautando-se nas bases sociais, econômicas e ambientais
Abstratct: According to data presented by the Mining and Energy Ministry, 80% of mines and natural deposits of ores are located in permanent preservation areas, however, the total of the concession areas in mine work is around 0,2% of the country's total area. Concerning mining in permanent preservation areas raises a conflict of assets and activities in common interest, as one interest should not overlay another, but yet seek a conjugation between rational use of the natural asset, that is, the ore, and the area preservation for environmental function. Therefore, practical mechanisms for prevention are used, such as environmental licensing of social-environment order and an analysis of EUP- Economical Utilization Plan (PAE - Plano de Aproveitamento Econômico) of social-economics and mechanisms for correction, obliging the miner to recover the degraded areas complying to foreseen constitutional obligation. The guarantee to sustainable development is sought, supported by social, economical and environmental bases
Mestrado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Mestre em Geociências

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Sarker, Shishir Kumar. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Total Phosphorus Concentration in Soil and Surface Water in the Everglades Protection Area." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3742.

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Draining of the Everglades allowed for the expansion of urban and agricultural development, reducing half of the size of the historic Everglades. The detrimental cascading effect on the Everglades ecosystem function is related to the total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of water inflow, the inflow rate and the distance from the discharge point. As Everglades restoration has approached 15 years since the inception of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), there is a need to assess its progress across the ecosystem. Available data from 2004 to 2014 were collected for soils and from 2004 to 2016 for water to understand a decade of trends. Both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical data analysis were applied to determine changes in water quality and soil chemistry. Key findings indicate a declining trend in water TP, with mixed results for soil. Higher TP concentrations (>10 µg/L) were prevalent the areas less than 1 km from a canal or water discharge point for both soil and water. The TP in surface water was higher in the wet season compared to the dry season across the EPA possibly associated with hydrologic, climatic or other factors.

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Handelman, Corinne. "Natural Area Stewardship Volunteers| Motivations, Attitudes, Behaviors." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543073.

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To better understand the value of those who engage in environmental stewardship of natural areas, we studied volunteer steward's motivation to participate, their sustainable behaviors and attitudes toward stewardship-related constructs. Specifically, we designed and conducted a survey of volunteers who work as stewards in urban natural areas in Portland, Oregon. We hypothesize that as volunteer frequency increases: participants will be more motivated to participate for environmental reasons, volunteers will be more likely to feel a strong connection to the stewardship site, participants will be more likely to engage in public pro-environmental behaviors, and their level of environmental literacy will increase. Participants were sampled using a face-to-face survey methodology over the course of late winter and spring of 2012 during 18 different Portland Parks and Recreation sponsored stewardship events. We examined the motivations, attitudes and behaviors of the volunteers, and devised appropriate management implications for those organizing volunteer efforts. We equated a three-tiered typology of environmental literacy, based upon the frequency of volunteer participation, and analyzed our survey data using a principal component analysis, generalized linear models, and a qualitative coding analysis. The most frequent participants showed a higher likelihood of participation in public environmental behaviors, whereas participants at all frequency levels were also likely to participate in private environmental behaviors, such as removing invasive plants in one's yard. Volunteers across all frequencies of participation were motivated to engage in stewardship events by a desire to help the environment. By understanding volunteers' motivations and linked behaviors, park managers may gain insights about the recruitment, retention, and messaging of volunteers upon whom they may depend to achieve restoration goals. We recommend considering volunteers' motivations and benefits derived from participation in messaging to recruit and retain volunteers. Additionally, park managers should take advantage of educational opportunities linked to stewardship events, such as training programs and chances for volunteer mentorship.

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Bergamim, Juliane Stenzinger. "ANÁLISE DAS ESTRUTURAS MUNICIPAIS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL: O CASO DOS MUNICÍPIOS MARGEADOS PELO RIO IGUAÇU, EM SEU MÉDIO CURSO PARANÁ/BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9365.

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For many years men have been using nature to promote their livelihoods. However, until recently, this same nature was seen as an inexhaustible source of resources, which could be an appropriation without limits. In Brazil, urban and rural municipalities have always been occupied according economic development or facilities of access and movement. Therefore, the occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas is a reflection of the colonization process in our country. This process of occupation, for many years, has occurred daily by municipalities without being given due importance. In this way, as a result of this process, lots of environmental changes have occurred over the years. Nevertheless, even with greater environmental awareness nowadays, added with a tightening of legislation, the devastation and occupation of protected areas continues to occur. Thus, knowing the importance of preserving these areas, the Federal Constitution of 1988 established in its Article 23 that is common responsibility of the Union, States, Federal District and Municipalities to protect the environment. Beyond that, the Resolution 237/97 of the National Environment Council increases the municipality responsibility in the environmental management process. This way, the work in question aims to analyze the environmental management in municipalities bordered by Iguaçu river, in its Middle Basin. For that, this study took into account the deductive method, the literature search and systematic approach. From the analyzes we found that even belonging to the same region, the municipalities have different characteristics and structure of Environmental Management. These features range from the structure of public administration focused on the process of Environmental Management to the participation of civil society organizations in actions related to the environment. Another finding was that only four (4) of the twelve (12) municipalities have an adequate structure of Environmental Management according to the National System of Environment criteria. This result was mainly due to lack of investment and skilled professionals able to manage the municipal environment. Finally, when compared to the situation of Permanent Preservation Areas in the cities, as indicative of the effectiveness of conservation policies, it was found that the structure of the municipal environmental agencies does not always reflect the protected areas, in other words, the presentation of an appropriate structure of Environmental Management is not the guarantee of a better preservation of the environment for municipalities surveyed. This finding occurred because none of the twelve (12) municipalities fulfill what determines the Federal Law. Based on these results it is evident the need for greater investment by the public government and also greater participation of civil society, that is, more specific actions that will really reflect the effectiveness of environmental conservation policies, ensuring, this way, a healthy and quality life for the population.
Há muitos anos o homem vem se utilizando da natureza para promover sua subsistência. Contudo, até pouco tempo atrás, esta mesma natureza era vista como uma fonte inesgotável de recursos. No Brasil, as áreas urbanas e rurais sempre foram ocupadas com vistas ao desenvolvimento econômico ou facilidades de acesso e deslocamento. Assim, a ocupação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente é um reflexo do processo de colonização em nosso país, que por muitos anos passou pelo cotidiano dos municípios sem que a ele fosse dada a devida importância. De tal modo, como resultado deste processo, houve alterações ambientais. Apesar disso, mesmo com uma maior conscientização ambiental nos dias atuais, somado a um maior rigor da legislação, a devastação e/ou ocupação de áreas protegidas continua a ocorrer. Assim, conhecendo a importância da preservação dessas áreas, a Constituição Federal de 1988 instituiu, em seu Art. 23, que é competência comum da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios proteger o meio ambiente. Somado a isto se tem a Resolução 237/97 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente, que passa ao município uma maior responsabilidade no processo de gestão ambiental. Deste modo, o trabalho em questão objetivou analisar como se apresentam as estruturas de Gestão Ambiental Municipal nos municípios margeados pelo Rio Iguaçu, em seu Médio Curso. Para tanto, o presente estudo levou em consideração o método dedutivo, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a abordagem sistêmica. A partir das análises realizadas foi possível verificar que mesmo pertencentes a uma mesma região, os municípios apresentam características diferentes quanto a estrutura de Gestão Ambiental. Estas características vão desde a estruturação da administração pública voltada para o processo de Gestão Ambiental até a participação da sociedade civil organizada nas ações ligadas ao meio ambiente. Outra constatação foi que apenas 4 (quatro) dos 12 (doze) municípios apresentam uma estrutura de Gestão Ambiental adequada, segundo os critérios estabelecidos pelo Sistema Nacional de Meio Ambiente. Este resultado se deu principalmente pela falta de investimentos em profissionais habilitados e capacitados a gerir o meio ambiente municipal. Por fim, quando comparada à situação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente nos municípios, como indicativo da efetivação das políticas de conservação, constatou-se que a estruturação dos órgãos ambientais municipais nem sempre refletem nas áreas protegidas, ou seja, a apresentação de uma estrutura de Gestão Ambiental adequada não é, para os municípios pesquisados, a garantia de melhores condições de preservação do meio ambiente. Esta constatação se deu pelo fato de nenhum dos 12 (doze) municípios cumprirem o que determina a Lei Federal. Com base nesses resultados constata-se então a necessidade de maiores investimentos pelo poder público e também maior participação da sociedade civil organizada, ou seja, ações que realmente venham a refletir na efetivação das políticas de conservação ambiental, garantindo deste modo, uma vida sadia e com qualidade para a população.

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Hauenstein, Chloe R. "Policies for Employment Enhancement and Environmental Protection: The Integration of Waste Management Systems in Argentina and India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/847.

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In many developing countries, a significant proportion of the population relies on work in the informal sector as a source of income. Some scholars have posed the possibility of integrating the informal sector into the formal sector, in an effort to improve the lives and livelihoods of workers and the productivity of a country’s economy. This paper examines potential steps that could allow for such integration by focusing on a sub-sector of the informal sector that has already begun the process of integration: the informal waste management sector. This paper compares the cities of Buenos Aires, Argentina and Pune, India in an attempt to explore their processes of integrating the informal waste sector into the formal waste management process. By examining both scholarly works and primary government documents, this study demonstrates that both Buenos Aires and Pune have implemented a number of initiatives to develop laws and programs in order to integrate their informal waste management systems. Consequently, the municipal governments of these cities have been able to provide a more substantial livelihood for previously informal workers and have improved the sanitation of their cities. These findings imply that the governments of other cities with large informal waste sectors could utilize a similar framework to benefit both vulnerable populations and environmental practices.

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Segerstedt, Anna [Verfasser]. "Expanding the markets for environmental protection : recent initiatives on certification, voluntary carbon offsets, protected area certificates, and emission trading / Anna Segerstedt." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074260171/34.

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O'Mara, Myles. "Predicting Hand Surface Area from a Two-Dimensional Hand Tracing." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7070.

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Recent occupational health studies have focused on dermal exposure at the hands, but have been unable to accurately express dose without knowing the HSA. There is no standard method to calculate HSA, though some researchers have derived HSA formulas based on dimensions from a Taiwanese population. This research paper describes a shortcut method to estimate the hand surface area (HSA) of a human hand from a two-dimensional hand tracing, and repeated a Taiwanese HSA study in order to explore the viability of its HSA formula in an American university population. A sample of nine adult men and nine adult women, each representing one third of the population percentile in hand length and hand breadth, were selected from a population within the University of South Florida in Tampa, FL. Hand length, breadth, a 2D hand tracing and a 3D light hand scan were collected from each participant. A linear regression was used to analyze the data sets and found a correlation (R=0.94) between 2D HSA and 3D HSA and slope of 2.6 (SD=0.2), with a regression equation of Y=2.6(X). A paired t-test was used to compare the Taiwanese HSA formula data against the 3D HSA. Results found that the Taiwanese data sets were significantly different from the 3D HSA (p<0.001), averaging 57 cm2 less than the 3D HSA. A jackknife analysis was implemented on the 2D HSA hand tracing data, and a paired t-test was performed between the jackknife estimate predictions and 3D HSA. Mean differences were not significantly different (p=0.97), with 0.87 cm2 difference between means. Results indicate that the USF Hand Tracing Method will provide a better estimate of HSA than the Taiwanese method, and can be used as a tool in HSA estimation.

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Sampaio, Claudia Pereira da Silva. "Estrategias de reprodução da agricultura familiar na area de proteção ambiental de Guaraqueçaba - litoral norte do Parana." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257214.

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Orientadores: Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O município de Guaraqueçaba, localizado no Litoral Norte do Estado do Paraná, tornou-se Área de Proteção Ambiental no ano de 1985. Os agricultores locais que se dedicavam à agricultura de subsistência, à pesca e ao extrativismo, enfrentaram a limitação da legislação ambiental restritiva que se-impôs como uma situação de suspensão dos seus direitos. Além disso, a apropriação de terras, inicialmente por fazendeiros e, a partir do ano de 2000, por Organizações Não Governamentais Ambientalistas, para execução de projetos de seqüestro de carbono, reduziu a produção voltada para a subsistência. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar as estratégias adotadas pelos agricultores frente a esta situação com a utilização de uma metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa. A redução da oferta de trabalho e a crise econômica, no período de 1994-2000, fizeram com que aumentasse o extrativismo do palmito, passando a ser a atividade principal em muitas comunidades rurais, nas quais ainda existia. Outros optaram pela clandestinidade através de roças escondidas no meio da mata, o que aumentou a dificuldade do trabalho e escondeu uma agricultura voltada para a subsistência, a qual é bastante intensa em algumas comunidades, especialmente as mais distantes. A lei ambiental e a redução das áreas disponíveis para o plantio tornou necessária a adoção de estratégias produtivas, sociais, econômicas e demográficas, observadas na comunidade de Potinga, as quais demonstram a capacidade de adaptação e de reprodução desses agricultores, evidenciando que a agricultura familiar é bastante resistente. A maior parte das estratégias adotadas significaram a intensificação das redes de parentela, de compadrio, e maior cumplicidade, principalmente nas ações clandestinas, sendo que tal fato causou uma ¿aparente¿ redução da agricultura de subsistência. No entanto, até o início do ano 2000, as políticas e propostas para o desenvolvimento rural não se direcionaram para a sustentabilidade, especialmente com um maior vínculo entre a dimensão econômica, a social, a fundiária e a ambiental. A realidade e a diversidade locais não foram consideradas nos programas propostos, freqüentemente excludentes e que apresentaram conseqüências que afetaram e reduziram as possibilidades de um desenvolvimento social e ambientalmente sustentável. A proposta de alternativas sustentáveis, voltadas para a sustentabilidade econômica, teve início no ano de 2000, porém ainda são iniciativas isoladas e que beneficiam poucos agricultores
Abstract: The town of Guaraqueçaba, located in the northern coast of Parana State, became an environmental protection area in 1.985. The local farmers, who made their living out of fishing, minor agriculture and harvesting the natural grown trees, faced the limitations of tough environmental rules that restricted or canceled their rights. Nevertheless, the confiscation of land, initiated in the year of 2000, first by outside farmers, then by Non-Governmental Environmental Protection Agencies to execute projects of carbon oxide capture, reduced the area local farmers had available to plant. The decrease of job offers and the economy crisis, during the period between 1.994-2.000, made locals increase the extraction of the local plant life heart of palm (palmito) plant, which became the main economical activity in many communities, the ones that still had that plant around. Some locals chose the illegal agriculture inside the protected woods, hiding from inspectors, what made it very harsh, and hid an agriculture designed for survival, very common in many communities. The environmental laws and the reduction of available land for planting made primordial the adoption of economical and social strategies as seen in the community of Potinga. We have observed that family planting occurs more often than it was thought, as most of the main adopted strategies meant strengthen the relative¿s bonds, the god fatherhood and consequently, the social life. Although, until the beginning of the year 2.000, the policies and proposals for rural development didn¿t aim maintenance, specially with a greater attachment to economical, social, land ownership and environmental dimensions. The local reality and diversity were not considered in the proposed social programs, which frequently exclude some inhabitants and showed consequences which affected and reduced the possibility of a social development that could be environmentally correct. The proposal of alternative policies, that aim the maintenance of locals had a start in 2.000, but still they¿re not in great number and benefit only a few of the local farmers
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

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Vogel, Kyle. "Characterization of Waste Anesthetic Gas Exposures to Veterinary Workers in the Tampa Bay area." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5324.

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Veterinarians routinely conduct surgical operations on animals while veterinary technicians administer anesthetic gas to sedate the animal prior to an operation. One commonly used anesthetic agent in veterinary clinics is isoflurane. Veterinary workers have the potential to be exposed to this gas during surgical operations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) does not have a specific Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for isoflurane, however The National Institutes for Health (NIH) does advise that workers should not be exposed to isoflurane in concentrations exceeding 2 parts per million (ppm) for an 8 hour Time Weighted Average (TWA). Animal clinics vary in the amount of surgeries they perform. Some clinics specialize in surgical services and therefore conduct a high volume of surgeries, while others that perform general practice work may conduct a far lower volume of surgeries. The research objectives for this study were to determine if veterinary workers are exposed to isoflurane levels above the concentration recommended by NIH and to quantify any disparity that exists between worker exposures at two veterinary facilities. A portable infrared ambient air analyzer (Miran SapphIRe, XL, ThermoScientific) was used to measure area concentrations of isoflurane and sorbent tube sampling via OSHA Method 103 was used to determine personal exposures to isoflurane. For the three days that sampling took place at the low volume clinic, personal sampling (samples taken in the breathing zone of a worker) during surgery showed that isoflurane concentrations exceeded the NIOSH recommended limit for 3 of the 5 samples when assuming a 6-hour gas exposure. When assuming exposure only lasted for the 2 hours that sampling occurred, 1 of the 5 samples exceeded the NIOSH recommended limit. For the three days that sampling was conducted at the high volume clinic, none of the 6 samples taken exceeded the NIOSH recommended exposure limit. The average isoflurane exposure to workers at the high volume clinic was 1.72 ppm while the average for the low volume clinic was 3.77 ppm. The average isoflurane exposure for veterinarians was 2.05 ppm and the average for veterinary technicians was 3.16 ppm. These data provide evidence that veterinary technicians may face higher exposures to isoflurane gas than veterinarians. There is also evidence that workers at the low volume clinic may be exposed to greater concentrations of isoflurane than workers at the high volume clinic. The average isoflurane concentrations were lower for the high volume clinic likely due to the fact that they relied only on an injectable sedative and no delivery of anesthetic gas for most operations. The high volume clinic also used more sophisticated equipment than the low volume clinic for the capture of waste gases.

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Wikström, Maria. "Studie av skyddsavstånd mellan bergvärmeanläggning och skyddsobjekt i ett vattenskyddsområde." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88870.

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During installation and operation of a geothermal heat pump system leakage of an antifreezing agent can appear in a borehole and leak out in surrounding groundwater. To guarantee high quality drinking water for generations to come Sweden has dedicated some areas as water protection areas. The local authority gives permits for the installation of heat pump systems within water protection areas. Before giving a permit the local authority makes an evaluation of the risks involved in installation and operation of the system within the area. By keeping a certain distance between the protected object in the area and the heat pump system the risk of polluting the protected object with an anti-freezing agent can be reduced.

This thesis makes a comparison between three different methods of calculating an appropriate distance between the protected object and the heat pump system. These methods include different numbers of parameters to calculate the appropriate distance.

The results are evaluated with regard to the parameters used. The methods used are a simplified version of an empirical point-count system made by LeGrand, an analytical solution from Baetsle and a numerical solution with Visual MODFLOW 4.0.

Miljöbalken med bakomliggande miljömål skall bidra till att skydda viktiga naturområden för en hållbar utveckling. Ett stort problem för att tillgodose detta behov är dock alla konkurrerande intressen som kan finnas inom ett och samma område.

Vattenskyddsområden utfärdas i syfte att ge tillgång till rent vatten för framtida dricksvatten, men konkurrerande intressen påverkar även dessa områden. Beslut om vilka verksamheter som skall vara tillåtna inom ett vattenskyddsområde tas av den kommun inom vilken området finns.

Ett ökande oljepris har under senare år lett till ett ökat intresse av att installera bergvärmeanläggningar. Denna kraftiga ökning har gjort att negativa effekter av att installera dessa anläggningar förbisetts och att installatörer med dåliga kunskaper fått en chans att etablera sig på marknaden. Före eventuell installation av en bergvärmeanläggning inom ett vattenskyddsområde är det viktigt att beakta de risker som en bergvärmeanläggning kan medföra för omgivande grundvatten. En noggrann utredning kräver beaktande av alla de riskmoment som installation och drift av en sådan anläggning kan medföra. För omgivande grundvatten är det dock främst läckage av köldbärarvätska, dvs. vatten med tillfört frostskyddsmedel, som kan ha en större inverkan. Det finns idag ingen övergripande lagstiftning över tillåtna köldbärarvätskor, men enligt de hänsynsregler som finns i miljöbalken och rekommendationer av bl.a. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning skall etanol användas som frostskyddsmedel. Etanol för tekniskt bruk innehåller denatureringsmedel för att motverka konsumtion.

Denatureringsmedel samt etanol kan ge smak och lukt till vatten och är därför inte önskvärda att ha i ett vattenskyddsområde. Dessa ämnen tillför även negativa effekter genom att de som substrat för bakterier kan ge en ökad bakteriehalt i marken. Under nedbrytning av dessa ämnen kan även syrefria förhållanden utbildas i jorden vilket kan leda till utfällningar av järn och mangan samt utbildning av svavelväte.

Det finns olika riktlinjer för hur risk med att införa en bergvärmeanläggning i ett vattenskyddsområde beaktas i olika kommuner. Ett lämpligt skyddsavstånd mellan en bergvärmeanläggning och ett skyddsobjekt kan dock göra att risken för att förorena ett skyddsobjekt med etanol kan minimeras. Detta arbete har utförts i syfte att jämföra olika metoder för att ta fram ett skyddsavstånd för en första övergripande undersökning av vilken effekt ett läckage av etanol kan ha på ett skyddsobjekt ett visst avstånd från en ansatt bergvärmeanläggning. De metoder som använts är en förenklad form av en empirisk lösning av LeGrand, en analytisk lösning av Baetsle och en numerisk lösning i Visual MODFLOW.

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Currie-Alder, Bruce Adam Barry. "Collaborative management of the Mexican coast public participation and the oil industry in the Terminos Lagoon protected area /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61546.pdf.

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Ratier, Cristiane. "Mecanismos para promoção do reúso de água nas indústrias das bacias do Alto Iguaçu e afluentes do Alto Ribeira (PR)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2637.

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CAPES
A água é essencial para a vida no planeta e é necessária para diversas atividades humanas. Fatores como o crescimento demográfico, a expansão industrial e a progressiva urbanização, causaram o pronunciado aumento da demanda global de água, em concorrência com a redução da disponibilidade deste recurso natural. Assim, mesmo que haja volume de precipitações significativo, há risco de escassez hídrica. Desta equação resulta a necessidade premente de incentivar ações voltadas à economia e ao uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Como uma das práticas da gestão dos recursos hídricos, a adoção do reúso de água na indústria pode contribuir para a economia do insumo e a redução da poluição. O estudo parte da premissa de que a bonificação estabelecida pelo Comitê do Alto Iguaçu e Afluentes do Alto Ribeira (COALIAR), na Resolução nº 05/2013, não tem efetividade para incentivar o reúso de água. O COALIAR abrange parte da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba e municípios contíguos, no estado do Paraná. O objetivo da pesquisa é estudar os mecanismos de incentivo ao reúso de água vigentes na região do COALIAR. Como metodologia, foi utilizada a revisão bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas. Foram feitas entrevistas com atores envolvidos com recursos hídricos na região do COALIAR. A pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva e exploratória e para o tratamento dos dados foi adotada a abordagem qualitativa. Como conclusão, inferiu-se que para fomentar a prática de reúso de água são recomendáveis as normas premiais, em detrimento das normas punitivas. Os incentivos ao reúso de água podem ser estabelecidos por meio de descontos significativos, incidentes sobre valores cobrados pelo uso dos recursos hídricos, bem como por descontos e isenções fiscais. Considera-se, também, que o Poder Público deve divulgar amplamente os dados sobre os riscos de escassez hídrica e sobre os comportamentos que podem contribuir para a preservação da água.
Water is essential for life on the planet and it is necessary for various human activities. Factors such as population growth, industrial expansion and progressive urbanization have led to a pronounced increase in global water demand, in competition with reduced availability of this natural resource. Thus, even if there is significant precipitation volume, the risk of water scarcity is not excluded. From this equation results the urgent need to encourage actions aimed at the economy and the rational use of water resources. As one of the practices of water resources management, the adoption of water reuse in industry can contribute to the economy of the input and the reduction of pollution. The study starts from the premise that the subsidy established by the Comitê do Alto Iguaçu e Afluentes do Alto Ribeira (COALIAR), in Resolution number 05/2013, has no effect to encourage the reuse of water. The COALIAR covers part of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba and contiguous counties contíguos, in the state of ParanaThe objective of the research is to study the water reuse incentive mechanisms in the region of the COALIAR. As a methodology, bibliographic review, documentary research and field research were used through interviews. Interviews were conducted with actors involved with water resources in the region of the COALIAR. The research is classified as descriptive and exploratory and for the treatment of the data, the qualitative approach was adopted. As a conclusion, it was inferred that to promote the practice of water reuse, it is recommended that the norms be awarded, to the detriment of punitive norms. Incentives for water reuse can be established through significant discounts, levied on amounts charged for the use of water resources, as well as discounts and tax exemptions. It is also considered that the Public Authorities should widely disseminate data on the risks of water scarcity and on the behaviors that may contribute to the preservation of water.

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Kaya, Ozdemirel Banu. "Protected Area Site Selection Based On Abiotic Data: How Reliable Is It?" Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613060/index.pdf.

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Protected area site selection is generally carried out using biodiversity data as surrogates. However, reliable and complete biodiversity data is rarely available due to limited resources, time and equipment. Instead of drawing on inadequate biodiversity data, an alternative is to use environmental diversity (ED) as a surrogate in conservation planning. However, there are few studies that use environmental diversity for site selection or that evaluates its efficiency
unfortunately, no such example exists for Turkey, where biodiversity is high but our knowledge about it is unsatisfactory. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of environmental surrogates and the utility of different biological taxa in conservation planning. The objective was to find out the most efficient surrogates, either environmental or biological, for conservation planning, so that limited resources can be used more efficiently to establish an effective protected areas network. The study was carried out in northeastern Turkey, within the Lesser Caucasus ecoregion. The taxonomic groups considered include large mammals, breeding birds, globally threatened reptiles and amphibians, butterflies, highly threatened plants, and ecological communities. The distribution data was taken from a previous study, while climate and topographical data were obtained from various sources and produced through spatio-statistical techniques. Complementarity-based site selection was carried out with Marxan software, where the planning unit was the 100 sq.km. UTM grid square. Various statistical methods, including geographically weighted regression, principal components analysis, and p-median algorithm, were used to determine ED across the units. Performance of different approaches and different sets of surrogates were tested by comparing them to a random null model as well as representation success. Results indicate that endemic or non-endemic highly threatened plant species, butterfly species and ecological communities represent biodiversity better than other taxa in the study area. As such, they can be used on their own as efficient biodiversity surrogates in conservation area planning. Another finding is that highly threatened plant species are required to be used in the site selection process if they need to be represented well
in other words, they are their own surrogates. It was demonstrated that while ED alone can be used as a surrogate to represent biodiversity of an area, they are not as good as biodiversity surrogates themselves. It is also suggested that using species taxa with smaller distributional ranges or taxa that complement each other due to ecological differences as surrogates provide better results. On the other hand, ED might be a more suitable surrogate if resources are very limited or field work is impossible. In such cases, using ED in conjunction with one of the better biodiversity surrogates is probably the best solution.

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Yu, Haofei. "A Modeling Investigation of Human Exposure to Select Traffic-Related Air Pollutants in the Tampa Area: Spatiotemporal Distributions of Concentrations, Social Distributions of Exposures, and Impacts of Urban Design on Both." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4795.

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Increasing vehicle dependence in the United States has resulted in substantial emissions of traffic-related air pollutants that contribute to the deterioration of urban air quality. Exposure to urban air pollutants trigger a number of public health concerns, including the potential of inequality of exposures and health effects among population subgroups. To better understand the impact of traffic-related pollutants on air quality, exposure, and exposure inequality, modeling methods that can appropriately characterize the spatiotemporally resolved concentration distributions of traffic-related pollutants need to be improved. These modeling methods can then be used to investigate the impacts of urban design and transportation management choices on air quality, pollution exposures, and related inequality. This work will address these needs with three objectives: 1) to improve modeling methods for investigating interactions between city and transportation design choices and air pollution exposures, 2) to characterize current exposures and the social distribution of exposures to traffic-related air pollutants for the case study area of Hillsborough County, Florida, and 3) to determine expected impacts of urban design and transportation management choices on air quality, air pollution exposures, and exposure inequality. To achieve these objectives, the impacts of a small-scale transportation management project, specifically the '95 Express' high occupancy toll lane project, on pollutant emissions and nearby air quality was investigated. Next, a modeling method capable of characterizing spatiotemporally resolved pollutant emissions, concentrations, and exposures was developed and applied to estimate the impact of traffic-related pollutants on exposure and exposure inequalities among several population subgroups in Hillsborough County, Florida. Finally, using these results as baseline, the impacts of sprawl and compact urban forms, as well as vehicle fleet electrification, on air quality, pollution exposure, and exposure inequality were explored. Major findings include slightly higher pollutant emissions, with the exception of hydrocarbons, due to the managed lane project. Results also show that ambient concentration contributions from on-road mobile sources are disproportionate to their emissions. Additionally, processes not captured by the CALPUFF model, such as atmospheric formation, contribute substantially to ambient concentration levels of the secondary pollutants such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Exposure inequalities for NOx, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene air pollution were found for black, Hispanic, and low income (annual household income less than $20,000) subgroups at both short-term and long-term temporal scales, which is consistent with previous findings. Exposure disparities among the subgroups are complex, and sometimes reversed for acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, due primarily to their distinct concentration distributions. Compact urban form was found to result in lower average NOx and benzene concentrations, but higher exposure for all pollutants except for NOx when compared to sprawl urban form. Evidence suggests that exposure inequalities differ between sprawl and compact urban forms, and also differ by pollutants, but are generally consistent at both short and long-term temporal scales. In addition, vehicle fleet electrification was found to result in generally lower average pollutant concentrations and exposures, except for NOx. However, the elimination of on-road mobile source emissions does not substantially reduce exposure inequality. Results and findings from this work can be applied to assist transportation infrastructure and urban planning. In addition, method developed here can be applied elsewhere for better characterization of air pollution concentrations, exposure and related inequalities.

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Cabral, Nájila Rejanne Alencar Julião. "Análise para o estabelecimento do perímetro de uma área de proteção ambiental: o caso da porção norte da APA Corumbataí - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-12022016-135406/.

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O presente trabalho analisa os fatores ambientais que influenciem e ocasionem interveniência no estabelecimento de limites geográficos ou perímetro de uma área de proteção ambiental. Essa categoria de unidade de conservação - no Brasil - cuja finalidade e objetivos não encontram exemplar em nenhum outro sistema de unidades de conservação no mundo, é um instrumento legal que, em linhas gerais, procura direcionar o desenvolvimento sustentável da área. Como contribuição ao planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo em APA, depreende-se que esta categoria de UC é importante como um dos instrumentos da política nacional do meio ambiente, por incorporar a necessidade de proteção dos recursos naturais aliada ao desenvolvimento socieconômico. Como um dos resultados, propõe-se a ponderação dos fatores ambientais que ensejam a criação da APA, realizando procedimento de análise integrada de recursos, por meio de sobreposição de informações e por meio de interseção desses atributos para, posteriormente, traçar a delimitação da categoria área de proteção ambiental devem obedecer às especificidades locais, aos objetos de proteção que se deseja obter, garantindo a identidade desta unidade de conservação e, também, aos atributos ambientais em seu tríplice aspecto: antrópico (social, econômico, político, arqueológico e cultural), físico e biológico. O estudo de caso permite um análise dos atributos que compõem a paisagem da porção norte da APA Corumbataí e sua influência na ordenação especial de seu perímetro.
The present work analyse environmental factors that cause influence for establishing geographical limits ar perimeter of an Environmental Protection Area. This category - in Brazil - whose purpose and objectives don\'t find imitation in any other protected areas system around the world, is a legal instrument that, in general, allows sustainable development of this area. As contribution to land use planning in APA, this category is important as one of Environmental National Policy instruments, for incorporating need to protect natural resources joined social and economical development. As one of results, purposes environmental factors consideration that bring opportunity to APA\'s creation, accomplishing procedure of resources integrated analysis, through spatial information\'s overlay and through attributes intersection for drawing perimeter delimitation. Therefore, criteria of Environmental Protection Area delimitation should obey local specificity, protection objectives that wants to achieve, guaranteeing identity of this protected area and, also, environmental attributes in its triple aspect: anthropic (social, economical, political, archaeological and cultural), physical and biological. Case study allowed attributes analysis that compose APA Corumbataí\'s landscape North area and its influence in spatial ordination of perimeter.

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Franco, Maria Luísa Monteiro. "A estrutura ecológica e os planos regionais de ordenamento do território. Caso de estudo - Área metropolitana de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4027.

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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The delimitation at different scales of the Ecological Network is established by the Decree-Law nº 380/99. However, it does not define which components should be integrated in Ecological Network. The concept of Ecological Network varies from national to local scale. As an example, the Decree-Law nº 380/99 established that the Regional Land Use Plans should propose Environmental Protection and Valorization Regional Structures (EPVRS). In this way, it becomes important to create a coherent Ecological Network concept at the various planning scales. In order to contribute to this aim, this paper attempts to demonstrate which components should be considered at the regional scale. As a consequence, this paper develops a comparison between the EPVRS elaborated in Regional Land Use Plans: Norte, Centro, Oeste e Vale do Tejo, Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, Alentejo e Algarve. Concerning each EPVRS the following matters were analyzed: methodology; components; EPVRS representation at the Territorial Development Model; EPVRS translation into the municipal level. This paper also proposes an approach to the ecological network to Lisbon Metropolitan Area, based on the ―Sistema-Paisagem‖ methodology. Finally, it presents a comparison between the Ecological Network and the EPVRS proposed in the Regional Land Use Plan of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.

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Moraes, Marilia Britto Rodrigues de. "Implementação das áreas de proteção ambiental federais no Brasil: o enfoque da gestão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-17072012-162604/.

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A Área de Proteção Ambiental APA é, talvez, a mais complexa de todas as unidades de conservação, pois apresenta grandes desafios para que se consiga atingir seu ambicioso e complexo objetivo legal: o de compatibilizar a conservação da natureza com o uso sustentável de parcela dos seus recursos naturais. A partir de experiências práticas e estudos acadêmicos reunidos nesta pesquisa, busca-se demonstrar os pontos positivos e problemáticos para a implementação dessas unidades. Autores atuantes em várias disciplinas são tematizados ajudando-nos a encontrar caminhos para superar as dificuldades e promover aquilo que se mostra como a perspectiva futura para o mundo, que é uma alternativa de projeto de desenvolvimento. As instituições responsáveis pela gestão de territórios complexos têm significativo déficit a ser vencido, enquanto que as competências governamentais instituídas abrem espaço para a participação da sociedade. Trata-se de um outro nível de governança, mais complexa, e que exige criação de procedimentos e motivação para uma participação legítima e representativa. Neste trabalho são levantadas as experiências das APAs federais, através da análise da categoria, do levantamento de cada APA em seu contexto, e da dinâmica relativa a cada uma com base em busca na Web. A partir dessas informações, são feitas relações que, cotejadas com outras opiniões teóricas consideradas, apontam para possíveis encaminhamentos a serem buscados para as diferentes situações de gestão. Da análise de situação das APAs conclui-se que cabe construir a governança para operacionalizar uma política pública a ser co-protagonizada com a sociedade civil, que envolve um compromisso entre esta, os poderes constituídos e um projeto futuro, feito em conjunto, reconhecido como legítimo e coletivo. Implementar uma APA significa executar esse projeto, ou seja, levá-la da abstração sob a forma de mera definição legal que é para uma realidade concreta. Para isso, há que se compreender o lugar que, em sua corelação com o território usado, permite a construção da cidadania. Requer-se um sistema de gestão de caráter permanente, participativo, abrangente e inclusivo, atendendo à diversidade de paisagens e sua gente.
The Environmental Protection Area EPA is perhaps the most complex type of Protected Areas in Brazil, since its legal objective - to combine the conservation of nature and the sustainable use of natural resources involves great challenges. This paper focuses on positive and problematic issues for implementing the category, based on selected experiences and academic studies about related themes. The diversity of themes involved leads to some selected authors to overcome obstacles against what may be seen as a new perspective for a world development project. In this country, the institutions responsible for managing complex territories have a significant deficit to exceed, while the participation of society has an open space to be filled. Therefore it is a matter of building up a more complex level of governance, which requires the creation of new procedures and the necessary motivation for a legitimate representative participation, under a stewardship approach. In addition to many aspects of the EPA category itself, this work analyzes each one of the federal Environmental Protection Areas regarding their broader context and dynamics as they are perceived on Web search sites. Based on this information, some relations for each EPA are designed considering theoretical inputs in order to set in motion adequate management systems for such different situations. As a conclusion, implementing a public policy with society as a joint-protagonist means to build the governance, which involves a commitment between society and the constituted powers for a future, legitimate and collective common project. In other words, implementing an EPA means to carry out this project, turning it from the abstraction of an official definition into reality. To accomplish this, the environment that nurtures citizenship must be fully understood through permanent participation and an all-encompassing management system that take into account the diversity of the scenery and people involved.

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姚舜. "大灣區環境法律制度與環保合作策略研究 =Research on environmental law system and environmental protection cooperation strategy of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952072.

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Chedin, Sylvie. "L'environnement dans l'aménagement et le développement en montagne : recherche méthodologique pour une meilleur intégration." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10182.

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Ce travail propose une methodologie pour mieux integrer l'environnement dans l'amenagement et le developpement en zone de montagne. L'entree privilegiee est la gestion de l'espace, qui permet, d'etudier les relations entre les systemes socio-economiques et les ecosystemes. Les methodes proposees s'appuient sur l'utilisation de donnees existantes a caractere environnemental. Ces donnees sont mobilisees et transformees en indicateurs pertinents par rapport a notre objectif. Les validations et valorisations des indicateurs sont preferentiellement faites par des iterations avec les producteurs et les utilisateurs de donnees. L'approche que nous avons adoptee prend en compte les echelles d'espace differentes: 1) caracterisation globale des zones les unes par rapport aux autres. Utilisation d'informations synthetisees a l'echelon communal; 2) caracterisation d'une zone particuliere de moyenne etendue (vallee interne, massif montagneux. . . ). Utilisation d'informations spatialement referencees. Cette approche en deux temps permet de deboucher sur une reflexion prospective et collective avec les acteurs sur l'amenagement et le developpement

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Frota, Roberto Comini. "A influência da política pública ambiental como promotora do desenvolvimento : a experiência do projeto de desenvolvimento sustentável do Pandeiros, município de Januária – MG." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87371.

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A atividade de desmate da mata nativa para produção do carvão é uma das alternativas de sobrevivência de uma expressiva parcela de moradores das comunidades da região Norte de Minas Gerais, onde há o Distrito de Pandeiros, Município de Januária-MG, situado em uma Área de Proteção Ambiental. Associando-se esse conhecimento prévio à questão ambiental de averiguar “in loco” a inserção do Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Pandeiros (PDSP) nas comunidades por meio de uma racionalidade ambiental (saber ambiental) vista como solução para o desenvolvimento sustentável, busca-se averiguar o antes, o durante e, posteriormente, com a saída dos mediadores, como foram as condutas dos mediados após deixarem de receber os benefícios diretos. Assim, foi definido como objetivo geral analisar o processo de inserção da política pública ambiental PDSP e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento nas comunidades do Distrito de Pandeiros, Município de Januária-MG. Essa tese surge devido às aspirações em entender e/ou conhecer os efeitos das ações de desenvolvimento sustentável propostas pelo PDSP. Para elucidar e resolver o sentido do objeto nas respostas, este trabalho fundamenta-se nas teorias do capital social enfatizando-se as características da confiança e do ato da reciprocidade associados ao campesinato como molas propulsoras do desenvolvimento, que fortalecem o empoderamento. Demonstra-se, assim, que não somente o econômico, mas também o lado humano se faz necessário na contextualização/inserção de uma política pública ambiental. Para tanto, as teorias norteadoras destacadas anteriormente são associadas a outras fundamentações teóricas para instituir as perguntas e aprimorar a clareza do objeto nas respostas, como a Racionalidade Ambiental focada no saber ambiental e associada a uma nova racionalidade produtiva alternativa, interligada diretamente ao desenvolvimento sustentável, ou seja, a uma lógica sustentável e, à visão do empoderamento tratado como um processo de absorção e não de imposição. Para ser desenvolvido o referido trabalho foi utilizada tanto a pesquisa quantitativa quanto a qualitativa, sendo os dados obtidos de vários respondentes por meio de formulário semiestruturado e não-disfarçado. Se fez uso, também, do método bibliográfico, documental e do enfoque causal por meio de estudo de caso. Obteve-se como principais resultados a inversão da lógica da depredação do meio ambiente para lógica da proteção do mesmo por uma parcela significativa dos beneficiários do PDSP e, que as características da confiança e do ato da reciprocidade entre os membros e destes com os técnicos, influenciaram na inserção das ações do PDSP, bem como na interiorização das mesmas.
The activity of native forests deforestation for charcoal production is an alternative to the survival of a significant proportion of residents of communities in the North of Minas Gerais, Pandeiros District, Municipality of Januária-MG, situated in an area of Environmental Protection. Joining this prior knowledge to environmental issues to investigate "in situ" the insertion of the Sustainable Development Project Pandeiros (PDSP) in communities through an environmental rationality (environmental knowledge) seen as a solution for sustainable development, we seek to ascertain the before, the during and afterwards, with the departure of the mediators, as were the conduits of mediated after failing to receive direct benefits. Thus, it was defined as general objective to analyze the process of insertion of environmental public policy PDSP and their contributions to the development in the communities of the District of Pandeiros Municipality Januária-MG. This thesis arises due to the aspirations to understand and / or know the effects of sustainable development actions proposed by the PDSP. To elucidate and resolve the sense of the object in the responses, this work is based on the theories of social capital which emphasizes the characteristics of trust and reciprocity act associated with the peasantry as drivers of development that strengthens empowerment. It is shown, therefore, that not only the economic but also the human side it is necessary to contextualize / insertion of a public environmental policy. For this purpose, the guiding theories highlighted above are associated with other theoretical foundations to establish the questions and improve the clarity of the object in the answers, as the Environmental Rationality focused on environmental knowledge and associated with a new productive alternative rationality, directly linked to sustainable development, ie, a logic sustainable, and the vision empowerment treated as an absorption process and not imposed. To be developed that work we used either quantitative or qualitative research and the data obtained from several respondents using a questionnaire and semi-structured nondisguised. We use also the method bibliographic, documental and causal approach through a case study. Was obtained as the main results the inversion of logic destruction of the environment to logic of protection for a significant portion of the recipients of the PDSP and the characteristics of trust and reciprocity act between members and those with technics influenced the inclusion of the actions of PDSP and the internalization of the same.

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Matos, Anselmo Araújo. "Gestão e percepção ambiental : a área de proteção ambiental Morro do Urubu - Aracaju (SE)." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4177.

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To growing world concern with the environment starting from the decade of 60, culminated with the institutional of administration mechanisms and environmental protection, that in Brazil was unchained through the creation of Units of Conservation (UC) found in the National Politics of the Environment (PNMA). However, the administration problems related to UC's created in Brazil previous to the National System of Units of Conservation (SNUC) they occur of the absence of the popular participation in the creation discussions, that were almost always summarized to the ordinance that to it instituted them, without creating subsidies to guarantee his administration and their objectives. In that way this study aimed at to analyze how it is happening the planning and administration of the Area of Environmental Protection (APA) I Die from the Vulture legally constituted since 93, being taken as point of reference the law of SNUC. For that, as specific objectives they were analyzed the perception on the social actors' APA involved directly and indirectly in the administration of the area such an as residents and public managers with the purpose of analyzing their environmental perceptions and the respective impediments for the administration of the area. This analysis felt through the application interviews the residents of the neighborhood Porto Dantas and the managers that of some form has performance in the study area semi-structured close to. However, these interviews emphasized a deep absence of knowledge of the population in relation to APA checking them a dissociated perception of the environmental subjects, in the same way, the managers demonstrated a complete to disarticulate among the public institutions with performance in the area, what emphasizes his without it manages, disregard and disrespect the effective environmental legislation.
A crescente preocupação mundial com o meio ambiente a partir da década de 60, culminou com a institucionalização de mecanismos de gestão e proteção ambiental, que no Brasil desencadeou-se através da criação de Unidades de Conservação (UC) alicerçadas na Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (PNMA). Entretanto, os problemas de gestão relacionados às UC‟s criadas no Brasil anteriores ao Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) advêm da ausência da participação popular nas discussões de criação, que quase sempre se resumiam ao decreto que às instituía, sem criar subsídios que garantissem sua administração e seus objetivos. Dessa forma este estudo objetivou analisar como vem ocorrendo o planejamento e gestão da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Morro do Urubu legalmente constituída desde 93, levando-se como ponto de referência a lei do SNUC. Para isso, como objetivos específicos foram analisados a percepção sobre a APA dos atores sociais envolvidos diretamente e indiretamente na gestão da área tais como moradores e gestores públicos com o desígnio de analisar suas percepções ambientais e os respectivos entraves para o gerenciamento da área. Esta análise deu-se através da aplicação entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos moradores do bairro Porto Dantas e os gestores que de alguma forma tem atuação na área de estudo. Contudo, estas entrevistas ressaltaram uma profunda ausência de conhecimento da população em relação à APA conferindo-os uma percepção dissociada das questões ambientais, da mesma forma, os gestores demonstraram uma completa desarticulação entre as instituições públicas com atuação na área, o que ressalta sua ingerência, descaso e desrespeito a legislação ambiental vigente.

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Souza, Dilmara Verissimo de. "Da possibilidade à ação: novas perspectivas de gestão territorial e de atuação cidadã : o caso da APA Municipal Capivari Monos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-18062008-220052/.

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Esta tese de doutorado refere-se a um estudo sobre o Conselho Gestor da Área de Proteção Ambiental Municipal Capivari Monos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada entre os anos de 2004 e 2006, na região de Parelheiros, extremo sul do município de São Paulo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A investigação teve como objetivo compreender e analisar o processo de participação dos integrantes no Conselho Gestor e os resultados daí decorrentes, na gestão do território, na dinâmica política e problemática socioambiental locais. Para o estudo do tema em questão, adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa, balizada pelo referencial teórico da Participação em diálogo com a Teoria da Representação Social e a Sociologia da Experiência, com instrumentos multivariados de coleta de dados. O estudo foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas: a) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; b) observação sistemática; c) entrevistas em profundidade e d) interpretação dos dados coletados a partir de análise temática e triangulação. Os resultados indicaram que o processo participativo de gestão da APA possibilitou: 1) interação entre setores da sociedade civil e da administração pública; 2) eficácia nas iniciativas do poder público municipal e estadual, a partir da integração de ações entre estes dois níveis de governo; 3) visão sistêmica da problemática socioambiental da região; 4) influência na elaboração de políticas públicas locais, com impactos positivos no meio natural, na economia e na saúde da população.
This PhD Thesis refers to the study of the Management Council of the Capivari Monos Municipal Environmental Protection Area. The field work took place during the period 2004- 2006 in Parelheiros, the most southern area of the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil. The research objective was to understand and analyze the participation of the Management Council members and the outcomes thereof related to territorial management, local political dynamics and social-environmental concerns. A qualitative approach was used in the study of this theme. The theoretical basis of the analysis stems from studies in the fields of Participation, Social Representation and Sociology of Experience. Various tools were used for data collection. The study was carried out in four stages: a) bibliography and documentation research; b) systematic observation; c) in-depth interviews and d) interpretation of the data collected, taking the thematic analysis and triangulation as a point of departure. The results indicate that the participative process used in APA´s management promoted: 1) the interaction between civil society and public administration; 2) the effectiveness of the initiatives of both municipal and state public authorities, integrating the actions of these two levels of government; 3) a systemic insight into the region's socio-environmental problematic; and 4) an impact on local public policy-making with positive outcomes for nature, economy and people's health

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Dube, Thabiso B. "An analysis of alternative funding strategies for protected area management : a case study of Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18194.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
The proper management of protected areas is important for biodiversity conservation and continued flow of ecosystem services such as the building up of soil resources and the provision of clean water. Protected areas provide a means of livelihood for communities on the peripheries of these protected areas through conservation based development projects and create an opportunity for people to learn about the environment and wildlife. Protected areas are areas of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and natural and associated cultural resources, and management through legal or other means (International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 1994). These are special places around the world that are managed for conservation purposes. Darey, (1998), recommends that protected areas should be planned and managed as a system, a shift from the previous mindset in which they were considered as separate entities. The role played by protected areas is vital and is recognized in most countries including 177 countries who are signatories to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD). The CBD caters for cooperation amongst its members by providing support for the financing of protected area systems. There exists, therefore a global mandate for and a specific responsibility to ensure that protected areas are adequately financed. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife is a statutory nature conservation body mandated with the protection of natural resources and management of biodiversity in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Biodiversity conservation needs to happen both inside and outside of state-controlled protected areas to create conservation corridors and buffer zones and also to prevent the environmental degradation taking place as a result of human population growth, habitat destruction, and unsustainable development. (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, 2005). The challenge facing Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife in carrying out this mandate is the lack of adequate financial resources. The subsidy received is not sufficient to cover all the conservation initiatives that the entity would like to undertake and so the exploration of alternative financing initiatives is required. The aim of this paper is to explore and discuss alternative funding strategies that can be used by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife to supplement the subsidy received from government. These strategies will form a blueprint that protected area managers can use to source sustainable alternative funding that is reliable and environmentally friendly. This study was conducted at Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife’s head office, based at Queen Elizabeth Park in Pietermaritzburg. The research included input from the organization’s Hospitality Managers and Conservation Managers spread throughout the Province. A questionnaire was designed and circulated to draw responses from Executives and relevant Managers. Interviews to ascertain the organizations sources of funding and future sources were carried out. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife official documents such as annual reports, strategic documents and project plans were reviewed and interpreted. The report showed that 90percent of the organizations funding comes from government or state affiliated organizations. These sources are neither sufficient nor reliable. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife cannot plan adequately before establishing the annual subsidy it will receive from government – its primary funder (Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, 2008). The research also showed that there are numerous strategies that the organization can implement to supplement its subsidy. These include the widespread implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) strategies and revenue maximization through improved customer service. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife has a great potential to generate sufficient funds through its commercial services such as camping, accommodation, gates and boating services to name but a few. The challenge however is to develop an operational strategy that will be devoid of bureaucracy and promote business best practices and the formation of partnerships with the private sector and the communities in the form of Public Private Partnerships (PPP’s) and co-management agreements respectively.

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Decian, Vanderlei Secretti. "Análise e zoneamento ambiental da área de proteção ambiental dos rios Ligeirinho e Leãozinho (Erechim, RS)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1759.

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It was accomplished the analysis and environmental zoning of Ligeirinho and Leãozinho Environmental Protection Area, municipal district of Erechim, RS, with the objective of the environmental quality and ecological sustainability diagnosis. The Environmental Protection Area was submitted to the "Green Revolution process, during the decade of 1970, when the agriculture starts to alter the products, the sources of energy and the instruments used in the production, intensifying the crisis of the natural resources quality. Information related to Hydrography, Clinography, Soils Classes, Environmental Legislation (Law 4.771/65-BR) and Environmental Zoning (Law 4297/2002-BR) were used for the environmental analysis. With base in GIS techniques, as support to the information crossing and landscape synthesis, a proposal of Environmental Zoning was elaborated with the definition of five zones: Zone of Sustainable Use (44.89%); Zone of Diversified Use including areas of Pasture/Agriculture (26.15%), Pastures (1.17%), and Fruit Culture (0.30%); Zone of Permanent Preservation (7.49%); Zone of Restoration (7.36%), and Zone of Conservation (12.63%). The Environmental Protection Area area is quite heterogeneous with relationship to the land uses, with wide prevalence of the agricultural activities (74.70% in 2003 and 73.70% in 2010); the Permanent Preservation Areas evidence recovery of the index covering for native vegetation (41.17% in 2003, and 50.45% in 2010), reflecting the intensification of the environmental control in relation to the hydric resource. The environmental zoning is proposed to order the use of APA Rivers Ligeirinho e and Leãozinho, which will ensure the environmental quality of natural resources in order to ensure the improvement and maintenance on water availability, fulfilling the role and objectives that a Conservation Area for Sustainable Use should play.
Foi realizada a análise e zoneamento ambiental da APA dos Rios Ligeirinho e Leãozinho, município de Erechim, RS, com o objetivo do diagnóstico da qualidade ambiental e da condição da sua sustentabilidade ecológica. A área total da APA foi submetida ao processo de Revolução Verde , durante a década de 1970, quando a agricultura passou a alterar os produtos, as fontes de energia e os instrumentos utilizados na produção, intensificando a crise na qualidade dos recursos naturais. Para a análise ambiental foram utilizadas informações relacionadas à Hidrografia, Clinografia, Classes de Solos, Legislação Ambiental (Lei 4.771/65-BR e Decreto de Zoneamento Ambiental / Decreto N. 4297/2002- BR) e dos fragmentos de vegetação arbórea nativa em estádio avançado de regeneração. Com base em técnicas de geoprocessamento, como suporte ao cruzamento das informações e geração da síntese da paisagem, foi elaborada uma proposta de Zoneamento Ambiental com a definição das Zonas de: Uso Sustentável (44,89% da APA); Uso Diversificado incluindo áreas de Pastagens/Agricultura (26,15% da área da APA), de Pastagens (1,17% da APA), e de Fruticultura (0,30% da área); Preservação Permanente (7,49% da APA); Restauração (7,36% da APA), e a Zona de Conservação (12,63% da área total). A área da APA apresenta um cenário bastante heterogêneo quanto aos usos da terra, com amplo predomínio das atividades agropecuárias (74,70% em 2003 e 73,70% em 2010); as áreas de APPs apresentam evidências de recuperação do índice de cobertura por vegetação nativa (41,17 % em 2003, e 50,45% em 2010), refletindo a intensificação do controle ambiental em relação ao manancial hídrico. O zoneamento ambiental apresentado pretende orientar o uso da APA dos Rios Ligeirinho e Leãozinho, na perspectiva de garantir a qualidade ambiental dos recursos naturais, bem como a melhoria e a continuidade da disponibilidade hídrica, cumprindo com a função e objetivos que uma Unidade de Conservação (UC) de Uso Sustentável (APA) deve desempenhar.

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OLIVEIRA, Bruno Marcel Carneval de. "A gestão dos resíduos da mariscagem pernambucana." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19606.

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CAPES
A mariscagem é uma atividade de pesca tradicional que ocorre através da coleta de moluscos, em geral bivalves, para consumo e/ou venda, utilizando instrumentos como: rede, colheres, entre outros desenvolvidos pelas próprias marisqueiras. Da mesma maneira que contribui positivamente para o sustento de milhares de famílias, a mariscagem também promove impactos provenientes da disposição inadequada das cascas dos mariscos. A pesquisa teve como finalidade subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de gestão para os resíduos sólidos da atividade da mariscagem em áreas legalmente protegidas. Pesquisou-se a Área de Proteção Ambiental conhecida como APA de Nova Cruz, no Município de Igarassu, litoral norte do estado de Pernambuco. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, aplicando um caso de estudo como método de investigação e abordagem científica complexa. Como procedimentos, levantaram-se dados secundários em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e primários por meio de entrevistas com representantes governamentais, de empresas privadas e de classe, bem como registro fotográfico, anotações de campo e observações in loco. No tocante à análise dos dados realizou-se por meio da triangulação de métodos. Como resultados, permitiu-se evidenciar contradições nas entrevistas com os gestores públicos, onde há interesse na resolução das problemáticas causadas pelas cascas de marisco, mas não existem ações públicas voltadas aos resíduos da mariscagem. Identificou-se e mapeou-se as principais comunidades com unidades de beneficiamento do marisco, disposição das cascas de mariscos e impactos ambientais associados ao descarte. Estima-se que o quantitativo de cascas de marisco gerado em Igarassu mensalmente é de 789,6 ton. Na região, existem diversas empresas com potencial para parceria com o município pesquisado, das quais duas sinalizaram interesse, mas que devido à inexistência de articulação entre essas partes, os resíduos da mariscagem estão sendo dispostos em terrenos ociosos e às margens do Rio Igarassu, com trechos totalmente assoreados. De maneira geral vê-se uma absoluta ausência de gestão, gerenciamento e estímulo da administração pública Municipal, no tocante aos resíduos da mariscagem, com dificuldade para investimentos para tratamento e uso dos resíduos da mariscagem. Desta forma, é imprescindível para o Município buscar parcerias com outras instituições, na busca do desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade das políticas públicas de Estado, uma vez que o Município encontra-se em uma unidade de conservação
The shellfishing is a traditional fishing activity that occurs through of collection of mollusks, bivalves generally, for consumption or sale using artisanal tools. At the same way that contributes positively to the livelihood of thousands of families, the shellfishing also promotes negative impacts from the inadequate disposal of wastes. This study aimed to support the development of a management plan for solid wastes from shellfishing activity in protected areas. It was researched the Environmental Protection Area known as Nova Cruz APA, at Igarassu, north coast of the state of Pernambuco. It was realized an exploratory study of qualitative approach, applying a case study as a research method and complex scientific approach. As procedures it was searched a secondary data survey in books and documents, and primary data through interviews with government representatives, private and class, as well as photographic record, field notes and observations in situ. Regarding the analysis of the data was performed through triangulation methods. As results, it allowed to evidence a dialectic in interviews with public managers, where there is interest in solving the problems caused by shellfish shells, but there are no official public initiatives. It were identified and mapped the main communities with shellfish processing units, disposal of shells from shellfishing and environmental impacts associated with its disposal. It is estimated that the amount of shells generated in the city each month is 789,6 ton. In the region, there are several companies with potential for partnership with the municipality, whose a couple of private organization it showed interest, but due to lack of articulated, the wastes of shellfishing are being disposed on idle land and into the Igarassu River who already show stretch fully silted. At a general sense, there is a full lack of management and encouragement of municipal government, with regards to wastes of shellfishing. Therefore, it is an imperative for the municipality seek partnerships with other institutions, looking for the development and sustainability from its public state policies, once the municipality is situated in a conservation unit.

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Sato, Danilo Pereira. "Territórios e conflitos na Área de Proteção Ambiental da várzea do Rio Tietê." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-21112018-110051/.

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A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Várzea do Rio Tietê é uma Unidade de Conservação estadual de Uso Sustentável localizada na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). A APA foi criada em 1987, em razão dos crescentes problemas com as inundações, para conservar as planícies de inundação do rio Tietê na RMSP. Entretanto, tem apresentado uma série de dificuldades para o seu funcionamento, desde inatividade e falta de conselho gestor nos anos 1990, até a adulteração do Plano de Manejo mais recentemente. Simultaneamente, no território da APA tem-se desenvolvido e sido propostas uma série de planos, programas e projetos de outras instituições estaduais, que conflitam com os seus objetivos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo entender os processos relativos à APA, que é pautada por um planejamento e zoneamento ambiental que se relaciona com planos, programas e projetos de outras instituições estaduais, que incidem no mesmo território. A pesquisa se baseia em uma análise a partir conceito de território e da contribuição das políticas públicas e da governança. A partir de levantamento documental, da observação participante e da análise espacial, são analisadas e comparadas as sobreposições territoriais e temporais dos planejamentos e dos projetos propostos, assim como suas articulações institucionais e espaços de participação.
The Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Floodplain of Tietês River is a state Conservation Unit of Sustainable Use located in Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). The EPA was created in 1987 with the objective to reduce the growing flooding problems and protect the floodplain of Tietês River in the MRSP. However, it has faced many difficulties to function, from inactivity to absence of the manager council in the 1990s and to the recent adulteration of the Management Plan. Simultaneously it has been developed and proposed a series of plans, programs and projects by the other state institutions that conflict with EPA objectives in its territory. The current research objective is to comprehend how the EPA process, which are guided by an environmental planning and zoning, relates with the other state institutions plans, programs and projects that are being implemented in the same territory. The research is based in an analysis through the concept of territory, the contribution of the field of public policies and governance. Starting from documents research, participant observation and spatial analysis the other plans and projects are compared in a temporal and territorial superposition as well as the institutional relations and the participation spaces.

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Nicolle, Sandra. "Les espaces naturels protégés en forêt amazonienne. des doctrines de gestion aux dispositifs : quelle efficacité pour la protection de l’environnement ? : étude comparative France (Guyane) / Brésil (Amapa)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0744/document.

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Les espaces naturels protégés sont aujourd’hui à l‘échelle mondiale l’une des principales politiques publiques mises en œuvre pour faire face à la destruction des écosystèmes. Leur nombre a beaucoup augmenté ces dernières années et les modes d’action qu’ils recouvrent se sont considérablement diversifiés. Pour autant, les écosystèmes continuent à se dégrader, et l’efficacité de ces dispositifs est souvent remise en cause. Cette thèse vise à analyser les facteurs influant sur l’efficacité des espaces protégés pour la conservation d’écosystèmes amazoniens encore peu dégradés. Elle étudie pour cela la mise en œuvre de dispositifs relevant de doctrines de gestion de l’environnement différentes, basées sur (i) la limitation réglementaire maximale des activités humaines impactantes pour les écosystèmes, (ii) la gestion des ressources par des populations locales ou traditionnelles ou (iii) la mise en place d’une gestion forestière durable sur des terres publiques. Nous nous plaçons dans une posture comparative entre la Guyane (France) et l’Amapá (Brésil), territoires partageant une frontière commune, principalement matérialisée par le fleuve Oyapock. La comparaison internationale entre ces deux régions présentant une couverture exceptionnelle en espaces protégés, dans des conditions écologiques et géographiques relativement similaires, nous permet d’observer l’influence du contexte historique et sociopolitique sur les modes de prise en charge de la gestion de l’environnement par les aires protégées. Nous nous sommes basés sur une approche constructiviste, appuyée sur une production de données principalement qualitatives (entretiens semi-directifs, analyse de documents, observation participante…). Nous avons ainsi procédé à une déconstruction critique des dispositifs « aires protégées », permettant de mettre en lisibilité les enjeux environnementaux qu’ils portent, et d’analyser l’efficacité environnementale des stratégies mises en œuvre. Cette analyse s’est articulée autour d’une lecture à la fois diachronique et multiscalaire des processus de gestion.Nous montrons que la mise en place des espaces protégés de Guyane et d’Amapá a été portée par des coalitions d’acteurs structurées autour de doctrines de gestion, c’est à dire de conceptions partagées des conditions de mise en œuvre d’une « bonne gestion environnementale ». Les dispositifs créés ont hérité des ressources stratégiques d’action et de la légitimité de ces coalitions. Les coalitions porteuses de la création des espaces protégés en Amapá sont fortement articulées aux mouvements sociaux et environnementaux plus généraux de l’Amazonie brésilienne, notamment pour les revendications socio-environnementales émergeant à la sortie de la période dictatoriale. En Guyane française, les espaces naturels protégés sont principalement la résultante de compromis entre d’une part une volonté d’exemplarité de l’action de la France en Amazonie, et d’autre part une recherche de minimisation des conflits avec les acteurs politiques locaux
Nowadays, natural protected areas are one of the main public policies implemented at the international level in order to prevent the destruction of ecosystems. During the last decades, they became very numerous, and mobilized more and more diversified modes of action. However, natural ecosystems continue to deteriorate, and the effectiveness of protected areas is often questioned. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the factors influencing the effectiveness of protected areas in a context of Amazonian ecosystems that are still well preserved. We observed the implementation of environmental management arrangement (protected areas) that are based on various doctrines: (i) the strong limitation of all harmful human activities through legislation; (ii) the management of resources by local or traditional populations; and (iii) the implementation of sustainable forest management on public lands. We adopted a comparative approach between Guyana (France) and Amapá (Brazil), territories that share a common border, mainly identifiable by the Oyapock River. These two territories present quite similar ecological and geographical conditions, and both have an exceptional coverage of protected areas. Therefore this international comparison allowed us to observe the influence of the historical and socio-political context on the implementation of protected areas. We used a constructivist approach, mainly based on qualitative data (semi-structured interviews, document analysis, participant observation...). We effected a critical deconstruction of "protected areas" management arrangements in order to make their environmental objectives intelligible, and we analysed the environmental effectiveness of the strategies implemented. This analysis was based on a diachronic and multiscalar lecture of management processes. We show that the establishment of protected areas in Guiana and Amapá was led by coalitions of actors structured around management doctrines, i.e. shared conceptions of "good environmental management". Management arrangements created inherited the strategic resources of action and the legitimacy of these coalitions. In Amapá, coalitions were strongly articulated with wider social and environmental movements of the Brazilian Amazon, especially in the case of socio-environmental claims rising at the end of the dictatorship. In French Guiana, the natural protected areas are mainly the result of compromise between the French willingness to serve as an example in the Amazon region, and the minimisation of conflicts with local politicians

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CASTRO, Lourivaldo Amancio de. "Avaliação da Paisagem da Gleba Cavalcante, no município de Nova Xavantina (Mato Grosso), utilizando a análise da paisagem multitemporal." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/353.

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The analysis of the transformation of natural landscape of a specific place that permits the identification of areas more critical about the level of degradation, inadequacy of the use of the land and potential conflicts of use in relation to the environmental legislation. It is extremely relevant to the establishment of measures for management and use of conservation of land. The aim of this work is to analyze the landscape of the Cavalcante village, from the changing patterns of land use based on the timeline performed by the GIS, digital classification of satellite images and thematic maps. The results of this work indicated that in the periods analyzed (1990, 2000, 2010 and 2011) there was a gradual process of transformation of the natural landscape, dominated by native vegetation in pastoral systems in an estimated value of 361.6 hectares. The analysis of the slope shows an irregular relief ranging from 0 to> 35% classified as flat to undulating strong. It was verified that all land use is on plain areas to smooth undulation in the classes of 0-6% slope. It was observed three classes of soils: a Red-Yellow Latosol dystrophic Glei Slightly Damp and Litholic Neosols. The relationship with the land use with the land showed the largest use over the class Glei Slightly Damp about 80% of the total. Irregular situations with respect to legislation and the environmental protection were detected in the area. Since in the most part of the PPAs along the waterways the use and land cover are inadequate, about the Forest Code, prevailing in these pastures. The area of the Cavalcante village had four classes of potential Environment Fragility (Very High, High and Medium) and the class of fragility most representative in the area was the Very High with 76% of the total. The analysis in relation to the classes of Emerging Environment Fragility to the Cavalcante village showed that the area has also four emerging classes (Very High, High and Medium) with one class more representative, Very High with 75,6%. The use of GIS and computational tools, combined with the qualitative analysis of the images, the generation and interpretation of thematic maps, field work and the choice of associated parameters with the methodologies used that facilitated the perception of how was the use and occupation of land in the area. The results show that the main uses of the land in the Cavalcante Village are for livestock, which conflicts with the laws and lack of environmental policies and technical knowledge to choose the type of use according to the suitability of the land. This situation reaffirms the need to perform other works and proposing actions for a better use of the land and adaptation to the Environmental Laws.
A análise da transformação da paisagem natural permite a identificação de áreas mais críticas quanto ao nível de degradação, inadequabilidade do uso da terra e possíveis conflitos deste uso em relação à legislação ambiental, sendo assim extremamente relevante para o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo e uso conservacionista da terra. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar a paisagem da Gleba Cavalcante, a partir da evolução dos padrões de uso da terra com base no monitoramento espaço-temporal realizado por meio do geoprocessamento, classificação digital de imagens de satélite e elaboração de mapas temáticos. Durante os resultados períodos analisados (1990, 2000, 2010 e 2011) houve aumento gradativo na transformação da vegetação nativa em sistemas Agropastoris em um valor estimado de 361,6 hectares ou 28,16%. O relevo da área é irregular variando de 0 a >35%, sendo classificado como plano a forte ondulado. Todo uso da terra se encontra sobre áreas planas à suave ondulada, em áreas com declividade de 0-6%. Foram observadas três classes de solos: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico Glei Pouco Húmico e Neossolos Litólicos. O uso da terra se concentrou na classe Glei Pouco Húmico, com cerca de 80% do total. Situações irregulares com relação à legislação e a preservação ambiental foram detectadas na área. Na maior parte das Após, ao longo dos cursos d água, o uso e cobertura da terra estão inadequados em relação o Código Florestal, predominando nestas as pastagens. A área da Gleba Cavalcante apresentou três classes de Fragilidade Ambiental Potencial (Muito Alta, Alta e Média) sendo que a classe de fragilidade mais representativa na área foi Muito Alta com 76% do total. Em relação às classes de Fragilidade Ambiental Emergente, foram detectadas três classes (Muito Alta, Alta e Média), com maior representatividade da classe Muito Alta com 75,6%. Os resultados mostram que os principais usos da terra na Gleba Cavalcante são para fins de pecuária, que existem conflitos em relação às leis ambientais e falta de políticas e conhecimento técnico para a escolha do tipo de uso em relação à aptidão da terra.

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Nascimento, Maria Vit?ria ?lida do. "Estudo das percep??es ambientais e de a??es educativas promotoras da biodiversidade em unidade de conserva??o no Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18214.

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Important issues involving the awakening to the need for conservation of biodiversity and the importance of establishing protected areas as a strategy in pursuit of environmental protection, are increasingly being developed in biological and social investigative fields. In this sense, this research aimed to emphasize the use of environmental perception of social agents are significant elements for the understanding of the man / nature, and develop educational activities aimed at raising awareness and changing attitudes towards environmental issues thus promoting reflections on Environmental Education (EE) as a critical and transformative tool for conservation of rich biological diversity. This research covers as a place of study, schools located in the Environmental Protection Area Jenipabu (APAJ), Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology in general, we highlight the use of questionnaires and mind maps as generators of the contents of empirical research, and execution of content analysis for the treatment of data collected. This dissertation has two chapters in the form of scientific articles, where the first is entitled: "Study of the perceptions and evaluation of interactions concerning environmental education in schools in a conservation area of Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil", obtaining thus a primary diagnosis for analysis about the visions that students and teachers from two schools located in APAJ have on the environment. The second article, entitled: "Effective and analysis of educational activities that promote biodiversity in a coastal area of Environmental Protection Northeast - Brazil" provides an analysis of the educational use of biodiversity as a way to raise awareness of the need for environmental conservation. It appears from research that there is a lack of training in EA by teachers, but there is a need for greater involvement of students in conservation areas, however, from the analysis of educational activities, we observed that the effectiveness of such actions acts to promote awareness and change in actors involved. Thus, environmental education needs to take into account the different perceptions found in each individual, and it can not be based solely on transmission of knowledge, so that we reach a model of conservation.
Temas importantes envolvendo o despertar para a necessidade de conserva??o da biodiversidade e da import?ncia de se criar Unidades de Conserva??o, como estrat?gia em busca da defesa do meio ambiente, est?o cada vez mais sendo desenvolvidos em campos investigativos biol?gicos e sociais. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se nessa pesquisa, enfatizar o uso da percep??o ambiental dos agentes sociais sendo elementos significativos para o entendimento da rela??o homem/natureza, e desenvolver a??es educacionais voltadas para sensibiliza??o e mudan?a de atitudes frente ?s quest?es ambientais para assim, promover reflex?es sobre a Educa??o Ambiental (EA) cr?tica e transformadora como um rico instrumento de conserva??o da diversidade biol?gica. Esta pesquisa abrange como local de estudo, escolas situadas na ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Jenipabu (APAJ), Rio Grande do Norte. Na Metodologia Geral, destacam-se a utiliza??o de question?rios e mapas mentais como geradores dos conte?dos emp?ricos da pesquisa, e efetiva??o da an?lise de conte?do para o tratamento dos dados coletados. Esta disserta??o conta com dois cap?tulos em formato de artigos cient?ficos, onde o primeiro intitula-se: Estudo das percep??es e avalia??o de intera??es educativas voltadas ao meio ambiente em escolas de uma Unidade de Conserva??o do Rio Grande do Norte Brasil , obtendo, assim, um diagn?stico primordial para an?lise acerca das vis?es que alunos e professores de duas escolas situadas na APAJ t?m sobre o meio ambiente. O segundo artigo, cujo t?tulo ?: Efetiva??o e an?lise de a??es educativas promotoras da biodiversidade em uma ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental costeira do Nordeste Brasil traz uma an?lise sobre a utiliza??o de a??es educativas sobre a biodiversidade como forma de sensibiliza??o para a necessidade de conserva??o ambiental. Infere-se da pesquisa que h? car?ncia na forma??o em EA por parte dos professores, como tamb?m h? necessidade de um envolvimento maior dos alunos com a Unidade de Conserva??o Por?m, a partir da an?lise das a??es educativas realizadas, observamos que a efetiva??o de tais a??es atua promovendo sensibiliza??o e transforma??o nos sujeitos envolvidos. Sendo assim, a Educa??o Ambiental precisa levar em considera??o as diversas percep??es encontradas em cada indiv?duo, e que n?o pode ser pautada apenas na transmiss?o de conhecimentos, para que assim, alcancemos um verdadeiro modelo de conserva??o.

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Oliva, Adriana. "Programa de manejo fronteiras para o Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-05022004-102030/.

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Este estudo propôs e testou um roteiro metodológico, baseado em princípios técnicos e científicos, visando à delimitação da zona de amortecimento de unidades de conservação (UCs) de proteção integral, bem como à estruturação de um programa de manejo específico, denominado Fronteiras. O Programa de Manejo Fronteiras tem como principal objetivo estabelecer diretrizes e estratégias para tratar das questões que envolvem a implementação e a gestão da zona de amortecimento. Utilizando a metodologia de estudo de caso, associada a uma adaptação do método da estrutura hierárquica que é baseado na formulação de princípios, critérios e indicadores como ferramenta para promover o manejo adequado e a manutenção das funções da UC, o Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí (PEXJ), com uma área de 901 ha, localizado nos municípios de São Vicente e Praia GrandeSP, foi escolhido como unidade de análise para execução das seis etapas previstas no referido roteiro metodológico. A partir da avaliação da execução do trabalho e dos resultados obtidos foi possível, além de criar uma referência concreta para a discussão e o aprimoramento dos procedimentos que podem ser utilizados na delimitação e na gestão da zona de amortecimento, verificar, que (i) a metodologia empregada gera padrões consistentes, porém, precisa ser testada em outras UCs para garantir a validade externa do método, (ii) o estabelecimento de zonas de amortecimento para UCs limítrofes a áreas urbanizadas ou em processo de expansão urbana é complexo e deve ser agilizado em virtude da dinâmica e da velocidade de ocupação do território, (iii) após a definição dos critérios para inclusão e exclusão de áreas, a sistematização, a consolidação e a sobreposição de informações já disponíveis, associadas àquelas obtidas em levantamentos de campo expeditos, são suficientes para subsidiar a delimitação da zona de amortecimento e a definição de diretrizes para o seu manejo, (iv) os critérios de inclusão e exclusão de áreas para compor as zonas de amortecimento propostos pelo IBAMA e incorporados ao roteiro testado neste trabalho, são adequados aos princípios, critérios e indicadores definidos para que PEXJ cumpra as suas funções ecológicas, sociais e paisagísticas.
This study proposed and tested a methodological path based on technical and scientific principles, seeking to define the limits of a buffer zone for protected areas as well as to structure a specific management program called Fronteiras (Boundaries), whose main objective is to set guidelines and strategies to handle issues that concern implementation and management of that zone. Xixová-Japuí State Park (PEXJ), with a total area of 901 hectares and located in São Vicente and Praia Grande, in the state of São Paulo, was chosen as a unit for analysis of the six stages proposed by the methodological path through a case-study methodology coupled with an adaptation of the hierarchical framework method which is based on setting principles, criteria and indicators as tools to promote proper management and maintenance of the parks functions. Upon completion of the work and assessment of results, a concrete reference was created to aid the discussion and improvement of procedures which may be used in setting the limits of and in managing the buffer zone. It was also possible to verify, among other aspects, that (i) the methodology applied generates consistent standards but must be tested in other protected areas to assure its external validity; (ii) the creation of buffer zones for protected areas that border established or expanding urban areas is a complex issue and must be sped up to anticipate the dynamics and rate of territory occupation; (iii) once the criteria for including or excluding areas have been defined, systematization, consolidation and superposition of information already available combined with that obtained from expedite field surveys are enough to aid towards the definition of the limits of a buffer zone and of guidelines for its management; (iv) the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of areas in demarcating buffer zones as proposed by IBAMA and incorporated to the path tested in this work are adequate to the principles, criteria and indicators defined so that PEXJ can meet its ecological, social and landscape functions.

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Haas, Marcelo Batista. "Definição de parâmetros para a proteção de nascentes em propriedades rurais : município de Rolante/RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25555.

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Este trabalho tem como foco de estudo as nascentes de água em propriedades rurais, e justifica-se pela importância e atualidade da temática envolvendo os conflitos de uso e preservação dos recursos hídricos. Principalmente, em situações onde as nascentes são as únicas fontes de água de famílias e, ainda, devido a sua contribuição para os cursos d’água e, consequentemente, para as bacias hidrográficas. Importância, também, expressada e perceptível através da discussão atual, envolvendo diferentes atores e posicionamentos, acerca das determinações legais para a conservação/preservação dessas áreas de nascentes. Nesse sentido, cabe destacar que esse estudo surge a partir da execução de um Projeto Ambiental visando à recuperação e proteção de nascentes da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Rolante, no município de Rolante, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Nele os produtores rurais, por adesão voluntária, participaram de atividades de recuperação da vegetação nativa da Área de Preservação Permanente – APP – no entorno das nascentes e do cercamento dessa área em suas propriedades. Segundo o Código Florestal brasileiro, de 1965, todas as nascentes são iguais, independente de sua posição, determinando um raio mínimo de 50 metros no entorno delas. Contudo, durante as atividades de execução do projeto nesse município a determinação legal não se concretizou na maioria dos casos e, assim, surgiram questionamentos relacionados, principalmente, aos parâmetros utilizados pelos produtores para a escolha da nascente a ser protegida e da dimensão de sua APP a ser recuperada na propriedade. No município de Rolante/RS há muitas nascentes, inseridas em dinâmicas e contextos diferenciados em relação aos elementos do meio, como litologia, geomorfologia, solos, cobertura vegetal e ainda em relação ao uso e ocupação do solo. Além disto, grande parte das propriedades rurais nesse município tem dimensões pequenas, em torno de 12 hectares (ha). Estas constatações fazem suscitar o objetivo geral desse estudo que é o de procurar definir os principais parâmetros que qualificam as nascentes de forma diferenciada e justificam sua proteção nas propriedades rurais, através da identificação dos principais componentes do meio e dos usos agrícolas que caracterizam a diversidade das propriedades rurais e das nascentes na área de estudo. Como principais resultados desse estudo destaca-se que, em relação às nascentes, há uma complexidade de variáveis correlacionadas em dinâmicas diversas, e, igualmente, complexas formas de uso e interação com as propriedades rurais. E que, por isto, deve-se buscar uma reflexão e discussão maior sobre a particularização dos parâmetros técnicos observando estas especificidades, assim como em relação às escalas diferenciadas de abordagem. Desta forma, busca-se conciliar a manutenção e o desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas nas propriedades rurais, a proteção ambiental e o equilíbrio ecológico.
This work focuses on the study of water springs on rural properties (farms), and it is justified by the importance and modernity of the issue involving the conflicts of use and conservation of water resources. Especially in situations where the springs are the only sources of water for families and also because of its contribution to the water courses and thus river basins. Importance, also expressed and perceived too through the current discussion, involving different actors and viewpoints, about the legal requirements for the conservation/preservation of these areas of these spring areas. In this sense, this study arises from the implementation of a environmental project aimed at the restoration and protection of springs in the sub-basin of the river Rolante in the city of Rolante, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). There, the farmers, by voluntary will, participated in recovery activities of the native vegetation of Permanent Preservation Area – APP – around the springs and enclosure of this area on their properties. According to the Brazilian Forest Code of 1965, all sources are equal, regardless of their position, determining a minimum radius of 50 meters in the surrounding areas. However, during the activities of project implementation in the city, that ordinance has not been fulfilled materialized in most cases and therefore, some doubts were mainly related to the parameters used by farmers to select the spring to be protected and the size of your APP recovered in the property. In the city of Rolante/RS there are many springs, which are in different contexts and dynamics in relation to environment elements such as lithology, geomorphology, vegetation and also in relation to the use and occupation of soil. Moreover, most farms in the county are small, around 12 hectares (ha). These findings do raise the general objective of this study that is to define the main parameters which describe the springs in different ways and justify their protection in the farms, by identifying the main environment elements and agricultural uses that characterize the diversity of farms and springs in the study area. The main results of this study highlights that, in relation to springs, there is a complexity of variables related, in different dynamics, and also in complex ways of use and interaction with the farms. And because of this, one must seek a greater reflection and discussion about the details on the technical parameters of observing these characteristics, as well as in relation to different scales of approach. Thus, we seek to reconcile the maintenance and development of economic activities in the farms, the environmental protection and the ecological balance.

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Silva, Leonardo Oliveira da. "Conserva??o dos invertebrados em ?rea de prote??o ambiental litor?nea no nordeste do Brasil: contribui??es da educa??o ambiental para a sustentabilidade." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18226.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Today's society is in a real collapse of an environmental nature. The populations are lost due to a dream of development without thinking of the consequences that said development can bring to human populations. Thus, it is necessary that strategies be developed for the purpose of protecting the flora and fauna that is at risk from suffering the pressure to achieve this development. Thus important issues involving the need to conserve nature and the creation of protected areas as these strategies are increasingly being developed in research, whether in the biological and / or social. In this sense, the aim of this research through environmental perception social actors for the formation of significant elements for understanding the relationship between man and nature, and from there to provide actions for sensitization. As well as changing attitudes towards environmental issues, to thereby provide analysis based on Environmental Education in order to provide the production of environmental knowledge as a tool that provides value shift. This area of research was to study the Environmental Protection Area Jenipabu - APA Jenipabu, located in northeastern Brazil. Where, from the environmental perception of students from schools within and around this Nature Conservation Unit notes were made regarding the value and meaning given by students, and how this, the feeling of belonging to these groups. This dissertation is composed of two chapters, the first is titled Environmental perception and feeling of belonging in the area of environmental protection in coastal RN - Brazil, where it makes a diagnosis of how these groups understands and realizes the Unity of Nature Conservation. The second, which is titled Construction of environmental knowledge and conservation of invertebrates in the Environmental Protection Area in the northeast coast of Brazil, specifically developed in the school from within the APA Jenipabu, in order to promote a sense of belonging for those students who become multipliers, in order to realize the importance and necessity of having this unit for Nature Conservation. Looking to the degree of importance of environmental education as a tool to raise awareness on conservation of invertebrates and is all the fauna and flora exists, whether in a conservation of nature or not
A sociedade atual encontra-se em um verdadeiro colapso de cunho ambiental. As popula??es v?o se perdendo devido a um sonho de desenvolvimento sem pensar nas consequ?ncias que esse dito desenvolvimento pode trazer para as popula??es humanas. Para tanto, se faz necess?rio que estrat?gias sejam desenvolvidas com o prop?sito de proteger a fauna e a flora que fica em risco com a press?o que sofre para a concretiza??o deste desenvolvimento. Desta forma temas importantes envolvendo a necessidade de se conservar a natureza e a cria??o de Unidades de Conserva??o como destas estrat?gias est?o cada vez mais sendo desenvolvidas em pesquisas, sejam na ?rea biol?gica e/ou social. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa atrav?s da percep??o ambiental atores sociais para a forma??o de elementos significativos para o entendimento da rela??o homem-natureza, e a partir da? prover a??es voltadas para a sensibiliza??o. Bem como, a mudan?a de atitudes frente ?s quest?es ambientais, para desta forma, prover reflex?es baseadas na Educa??o Ambiental com o intuito de prover a produ??o do conhecimento ambiental como instrumento que proporciona mudan?a de valores. Esta pesquisa teve como ?rea de estudo a ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Jenipabu APA Jenipabu, localizada no nordeste do Brasil. Onde, a partir da percep??o ambiental, dos alunos de escolas no interior e no entorno desta Unidade de Conserva??o da Natureza foram feitos apontamentos quanto ao valor e significado dado pelos discentes, e como esta, o sentimento de pertencimento destes grupos. Esta disserta??o esta composta por dois cap?tulos, o primeiro tem como t?tulo Percep??o ambiental e sentimento de pertencimento em ?rea de prote??o ambiental litor?nea no RN Brasil, em que faz um diagn?stico de como estes grupos entende e percebe a Unidade de Conserva??o da Natureza. O segundo, que tem como t?tulo Constru??o do conhecimento ambiental e conserva??o de invertebrados em ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental litor?nea no nordeste do Brasil, desenvolvido especificamente na escola do interior da APA Jenipabu, com o intuito de promover o sentimento de pertencimento desses alunos para que se tornem agentes multiplicadores, como forma de perceber a import?ncia e necessidade de se ter esta Unidade de Conserva??o da Natureza. Vislumbrando o grau de import?ncia da Educa??o Ambiental como instrumento de sensibiliza??o para a conserva??o, seja dos invertebrados e de toda a fauna e flora existente, seja em uma Unidade de Conserva??o da Natureza ou n?o

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Garofalo, Danilo Francisco Trovo 1986. "Mapeamento de fragilidade ambiental por meio de análise espacial : um exemplo da alta bacia dos rios Piracicaba e Sapucaí-Mirim - APA Fernão Dias ¿MG." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286955.

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Orientador: Marcos César Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil tem sido palco de constante supressão das matas e consequente fragmentação florestal, causando um aumento significativo nos processos de erosão dos solos e alterações na dinâmica hidrológica e geomorfológica dos sistemas ambientais. Neste contexto, o propósito deste trabalho foi analisar a inter-relação dos componentes físicos, bióticos e antrópicos na APA Fernão Dias-MG por meio de um método geoespacial do mapeamento da fragilidade ambiental, que utiliza como variáveis ambientais, o índice de vegetação, a probabilidade de ocorrência de chuvas intensas, declividades, densidade de lineamentos estruturais e a densidade de estradas. Esta proposta de mapeamento de fragilidade ambiental foi desenvolvida a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica e na análise espacial: a) mapas temáticos das variáveis ambientais associadas à fragilidade ambiental, gerados exclusivamente para a APA Fernão Dias-MG; b) metodologia para determinação dos pesos atribuídos às variáveis ambientais, baseada em teste estatístico Kolmogorov-Smirnov; c) metodologia para a elaboração de mapas de fragilidade, baseada na lógica fuzzy e em sistemas de informação geográfica - SIG. d) análise dos resultados da fragilidade ambiental por bacias hidrográficas. Os resultados indicam que bacias hidrográficas da porção centro leste da APA são as que apresentam maior fragilidade, mesmo estas apresentando remanescentes florestais significativos. Já na porção oeste da APA, principalmente nos trechos circundantes à Rodovia Fernão Dias, as áreas de alta fragilidade ocorrem onde a expansão urbana é mais desordenada, e, nas demais áreas desta porção da APA, as mais frágeis são aquelas que concentram cultivos anuais e pastagens degradadas e vias não pavimentadas
Abstract: In the last decades, Brazil has been the scenery of constant forests clear cuts and forest fragmentation, causing a significant increase in the soil erosion process and changes in hydrological and geomorphological dynamics of environmental systems. In this context, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical, biotic and anthropogenic components in the Fernao Dias Environmental Protection Area (EPA), and to purpose an geospatial method for environmental fragility areas mapping. This method uses the following environmental factors: vegetation index, heavy rains occurrence probability, terrain slope, structural lineaments density and road density. This methodology was based on the following steps: a) thematic maps of environmental variables associated with environmental fragility, surveyed to the Fernao Dias EPA; b) estimation of environmental variables weights, based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test; c) fragility mapping, based on Fuzzy logic and geographic information systems - GIS; d) analysis of environmental fragility of watersheds results. The results indicated that watersheds located on the east central portion of the EPA are those with greater fragility, even those presenting significant remaining forest. In the western portion of the EPA, mainly around the Fernao Dias highway corridor, high fragility areas occur where the urban sprawl is more disordered. In the other areas of the EPA, high fragility areas also occurs in annual crops plantations and degraded pastures farms, associated the unpaved rural roads
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia

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Misato, Marcelo Takashi. "Análise da gestão da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Tiête - SP: sobreposições e limitações nos tratos com o patrimônio natural e cultural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-02082018-113310/.

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A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Tietê, criada em 1983 com o objetivo de proteger seus atributos naturais e o patrimônio cultural, vive hoje uma situação delicada em sua gestão, tendo em vista que a responsabilidade por sua administração deve ser compartilhada pela Fundação Florestal, órgão de proteção ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, e pelo órgão de proteção cultural, o Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Cultural, Artístico e Turístico (Condephaat). Esta pesquisa visou analisar como se deu o processo de criação dessa APA e como ocorre essa gestão, que expressa, entre outros problemas, as dificuldades de integração de entendimentos sobre natureza e cultura. Com esse propósito foram estudadas a conjuntura de criação das APAs no Estado de São Paulo; como esse contexto de criação implicou na gestão da APA Tietê, como foram considerados os atributos culturais e naturais nela presentes e em que medida persistem problemas para a participação dos atores sociais que estão envolvidos com o território. Para a execução da dissertação foram feitos levantamentos bibliográficos; análises documentais de dados da Fundação Florestal e do Condephaat; observação participativa em reuniões do Conselho Gestor da APA Tietê entre 2011 a 2013; além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas diretamente ligadas à criação da APA Tietê. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados sob a perspectiva de políticas públicas e permitiram considerações sobre o processo, bem como indicativas do que se espera para a gestão compartilhada dos atributos culturais e naturais da APA em questão.
The Environmental Protection Area (APA) Tietê, established in 1983 in order to protect its natural attributes and cultural heritage, now lives a delicate situation in its management, given that the responsibility for its administration must be shared by the Fundação Florestal, environmental protection agency of the State of São Paulo, and the cultural protection agency, the O Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico (Condephaat). This research aimed to analyze how was the process of creating this APA and how is this management, expressing, among other problems, the difficulties of integrating understandings of nature and culture. With this purpose, we studied the situation of creation of APAs in the State of São Paulo; how that context creation involved in the management of APA Tietê, as we considered the cultural and natural attributes it complies, and the extent to which problems remain for the participation of social actors who are involved with the territory. For the implementation of the dissertation were made bibliographic; documentary data analysis of Fundação Florestal and the Condephaat; participant observation in meetings of the Management Council of APA Tietê between 2011-2013; as well as semi-structured interviews with people directly linked to the creation of APA Tietê. The results were analyzed from the perspective of public policy and allowed consideration of the process, as well as indicative of what is expected for the shared management of cultural and natural attributes of the APA in question

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Aguiar, Roberto de Paula. "Socioeconomic analysis of community in Pitombeiras interior of the apa Lagamar do CauÃpe, Caucaia-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10195.

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A Comunidade das Pitombeiras, situada no municÃpio de Caucaia-CE, constitui-se em uma Comunidade Tradicional de Pescadores, inserida dentro da Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental do Lagamar do CauÃpe. O seu entorno envolve precioso patrimÃnio ambiental, tendo o Rio CauÃpe como um importante recurso natural para sua principal atividade: a pesca artesanal. Visando gerar informaÃÃes que poderÃo servir como subsÃdios ao processo de implantaÃÃo de medidas efetivas de gestÃo compartilhada para a comunidade das Pitombeiras, este trabalho teve por objetivo principal analisar a situaÃÃo socioeconÃmica da comunidade das Pitombeiras, relacionando-o Ã percepÃÃo ambiental destes atores como parte da APA, entendendo a sua permanÃncia na Ãrea. Para tanto, foi realizado uma analise social, econÃmica e de qualidade de vida da comunidade e seus respectivos impactos nas relaÃÃes socioeconÃmicas da comunidade, e verificou-se como a comunidade avalia a implantaÃÃo do Complexo Industrial do Porto PecÃm nas proximidades da APA. Os resultados foram obtidos atravÃs de comparabilidade entre: os fundamentos da pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, os dados de estudos, os registros e os censos, e a pesquisa de campo. Desta forma, como resultados mais significativos obtidos pelo estudo, identificou-se que esta comunidade, devido as suas caracterÃsticas atuais (onde coexistem costumes, fazeres e crenÃas tradicionais, os hÃbitos e o estilo da vida moderna), pode ser classificada como âcomunidade neotradicionalâ, muito embora ainda possua entre seus integrantes, vÃrios representantes naturais da regiÃo que permitiria classificar como âtradicionaisâ. Observou-se que 75% das pessoas vivem na comunidade das Pitombeiras hÃ mais de quinze anos e que grande parte da populaÃÃo nÃo tem noÃÃo de que mora numa Ãrea de proteÃÃo ambiental. O grau de instruÃÃo entre os membros da comunidade Ã baixo e se reflete na empregabilidade e na renda das famÃlias, pois mais de 50% da populaÃÃo economicamente ativa estÃ desempregada e cerca de um terÃo das famÃlias possuem renda abaixo de 1 salÃrio mÃnimo, para um grupo familiar em mÃdia de quatro membros. Muitas famÃlias acreditam que a implantaÃÃo do Complexo Industrial e PortuÃrio do PecÃm nas proximidades contribuirÃ para a geraÃÃo de emprego e renda, em especial para os jovens. Observou-se grande deficiÃncia quanto aos serviÃos pÃblicos prestados Ã Comunidade, o que compromete a qualidade de vida dos habitantes e a qualidade ambiental da APA do Lagamar do CauÃpe.
The Community of Pitombeiras, located in the municipality of Caucaia-CE is in a community of Traditional Fishermen, inserted within the Environmental Protection Area of the Lagamar CauÃpe. Its surroundings involves precious environmental heritage, with the River CauÃpe like an important natural resource for its main activity: fishing. Aiming to generate information that could serve as inputs to the process of implementation of effective measures for the shared management of Pitombeiras community, this study aimed at analyzing the socioeconomic status of the Pitombeiras community, relating to the environmental perception of actors as part of APA, understanding their stay in the area. Therefore, we performed a diagnostic social, economic and quality of life community and their respective impacts on socioeconomic relations of the community, and it was found as the community evaluates the implementation of the Port PecÃm Industrial Complex near the APA. The results were obtained through comparison between: the foundations of literature, the study data, records and censuses, and field research. Thus, as the most significant results obtained by the study, it was identified that this community due to its current characteristics (where coexist customs, activities and traditional beliefs, habits and style of modern life), can be classified like "community neotradicional" yet still has among its members, several representatives of the natural region that would be classified as "traditional." It was observed that 75% of people living in the community of Pitombeiras for over fifteen years and that much of the population has no concept of living in an area of environmental protection. The level of education among community members is low and is reflected in employment and household income, as more than 50% of the economically active population is unemployed and about one-third of families have income below one minimum wage for a group average family of four. Many families believe that the implementation of the Industrial and Port Complex of PecÃm nearby will help in generating employment and income, especially for young people. We observed a large deficiency as public services provided to the Community, which compromises the quality of life for residents and environmental quality of the APA's Lagamar CauÃpe

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48

Simioni, João Paulo Delapasse. "Pulsos de inundação e conectividade em áreas úmidas, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande-RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156429.

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Os pulsos de inundação se constituem na força motriz responsável pela existência, produtividade e interações da maior parte da biota em sistemas lóticos de planícies de inundação. Na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande (APABG), em períodos de grandes pulsos de inundação, se estabelece uma conectividade entre as Áreas Úmidas (AUs) formando uma extensa área inundável entre o Banhado Grande, o Banhado dos Pachecos e a planície de inundação do rio Gravataí. A conectividade refere-se às interações entre diferentes corpos d'água tais como áreas de várzea, de banhados e os sistemas aquáticos e ribeirinhos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear e caracterizar os pulsos de inundação e a conectividade entre as Áreas Úmidas da APABG, a partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto. O trabalho está organizado em três artigos: 1) os efeitos da flutuação dos níveis da água sobre a dinâmica das Áreas Úmidas da APABG, através da análise das relações entre as variações das médias do nível da água no rio Gravataí, das médias de precipitação e as áreas com lâmina de água aparente a partir de imagens NDWI (Índice de Diferença Normalizada da Água); 2) a conectividade associada aos grandes pulsos de inundação nas Áreas Úmidas da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande, através de dados de precipitação e imagens NDWI; e 3) a formação de um Mosaico Móvel associado aos pulsos de inundação e seca, na APABG, através de conceitos de ecologia da paisagem, dados de precipitação pluviométrica, cota de nível do rio Gravataí e imagens NDWI. Os resultados mostram: 1) a rápida resposta dos níveis de cota do rio Gravataí e da área com lâmina de água aparente, aos eventos de precipitação. As áreas mais susceptíveis a ocorrência de lâmina de água aparente, localizam-se principalmente na área compreendida pelo Banhado dos Pachecos e também nas áreas próximas à Lagoa da Anastácia onde, em grandes pulsos de inundação, se estabelece uma conectividade entre os diferentes compartimentos da APABG; 2) a conectividade entre as AUs da APABG está diretamente associada a cota altimétrica e aos grandes pulsos de inundação. Ocorrem dois tipos de conectividade: i) conectividade rio - banhado, quando os pulsos de inundação conectam o canal principal do rio Gravataí a apenas uma área de banhado; ii) conectividade banhado - banhado, quando os pulsos de inundação conectam o corredor que liga os banhados (Grande e dos Pachecos) à planície inundável do rio Gravataí. Esta conectividade é percebida, geralmente, quando a precipitação acumulada de 30 dias anteriores a obtenção da imagem de satélite é superior a 247 mm; 3) além da conectividade, os pulsos de inundação e seca criam um Mosaico Móvel totalmente regulado por estes pulsos. Em períodos de grandes precipitações, tem-se um mosaico predominantemente aquático, com a presença de peixes e uma vegetação adaptada às inundações. E na fase seca forma um mosaico predominantemente terrestre. Conclui-se que a conectividade entre as AUs da APABG está diretamente associada aos grandes pulsos de inundação. Por serem caracterizados como imprevisíveis e de curta duração, os pulsos de inundação na APABG ocorrem muitas vezes de forma inesperada. Entretanto, entre os meses de junho a novembro têm-se uma maior possibilidade de ocorrência dos pulsos. Recomenda-se a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas voltadas à preservação, delineamento e classificação das AUs, principalmente, no Rio Grande do Sul; e também a preservação da área do polígono referente à cota de 11 metros, juntamente com medidas de renaturalização dos antigos meandros do rio Gravataí. Entende-se que esta área é fundamental para a regularização das vazões do rio, o controle dos processos erosivos na APABG e para o estabelecimento do Plano de Manejo.
The Flood pulses are the impellent responsible for the existence, productivity, and interactions of most of the biota in lotic floodplain systems. In the Environmental Protection Area of the Banhado Grande (EPABG), in periods of large flood pulses, is established a connectivity among the Wetlands, forming an extensive flooded area between the Banhado Grande, the Banhado dos Pachecos and the floodplain of the Gravataí river. The Connectivity refers to interactions between differents water bodies such as floodplain, mashes areas and aquatic and riparian systems. This work has as general aim to map and characterize the flood pulses and the connectivity among the wetlands of the EPABG, from remote sensing data. The work is organized in three articles: 1) the effects of the fluctuation of water levels on the dynamics of the wetlands of EPABG, through the analysis of the relationships between the variations of the water level mean in the Gravataí river, precipitation mean and areas with apparent water sheet by NDWI images (Normalized Water Difference Index); 2) the connectivity associated to large flood pulses in the wetlands of the Environmental Protection Area of Banhado Grande, through rainfall data and NDWI images; and 3) the formation of a Shifting Mosaic associated to the flood and dry pulses in the EPABG, through concepts of landscape ecology, rainfall data, Gravataí river level and NDWI images. The results show: 1) the rapid response of the Gravataí River and the area with apparent water sheet to rainfall events. The areas most susceptible to occurrence of apparent water sheet, are located mainly in the area comprised by the Banhado dos Pachecos and also in the areas near the Anastácia Lagoon where, in large flood pulses, a connectivity among the different compartments of the EPABG; 2) the connectivity among the wetlands of the EPABG is directly associated with the altimetric level and the large flood pulses. Two types of connectivity occur: i) stream-wetlands connectivity, when the flood pulses connect the main channel of the Gravataí river to only one mashes area; ii) wetlands-wetlands connectivity, when the flood pulses connect the corridor that connects the mashes (Grande and the Pachecos) to the floodplain of the river Gravataí. This connectivity is generally perceived when the total rainfall in the 30 days before to obtaining the satellite image is greater than 247 mm; 3) In addition to connectivity, the flood and dry pulses create a Shifting Mosaic fully regulated by these pulses. In periods of large rainfall, there is a predominantly aquatic mosaic, with the presence of fish and vegetation adapted to the floods. And in the dry phase it forms a predominantly terrestrial mosaic. It is concluded that the connectivity among the wetlands of the EPABG is directly associated to the large flood pulses. Because they are characterized as unpredictable and of brief duration, the flood pulses in the EPABG occur unexpectedly. However, between the months of June and November there is a greater possibility of occurrence of the flood pulses. It is recommended the creation of public policies aimed at the preservation, lineation and classification of wetlands, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul; and also the preservation of the area of the polygon referring to the quota of 11 meters, along with measures of renaturalization of the ancient meanders of the Gravataí river. It is understood that this area is fundamental for the regularization of discharge, the control of erosive processes in the EPABG and for the establishment of the Management Plan.

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Almeida, Léia Chrif de. "A produção da natureza na reprodução da metrópole: o caso de Parelheiros e Marsilac, extremo da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-23102018-144354/.

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A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os conteúdos das políticas ambientais na periferia do extremo da zona sul de São Paulo, nos Distritos de Parelheiros e Marsilac. Os dois Distritos fazem parte dos Mananciais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, e estão submetidos às leis de proteção ambiental, e, portanto, teoricamente, desde 1975, são orientados a seguirem as restrições normativas para os usos e ocupação do solo concernentes à essa legislação. No entanto, no mesmo contexto em que foram promulgadas as normas urbanas que visavam estruturar e ordenar o espaço urbano da, hoje, região metropolitana, tivemos também neste período grandes deslocamentos populacionais para os Mananciais, seja da população vinda de outros estados, ou de deslocamentos intraurbanos. Sendo assim, os maiores contingentes populacionais rumo aos mananciais se deram após a implementação das legislações ambientais de 1975, revelando o contexto de reestruturação e mudanças a nível global, que se expressará no e por meio do espaço urbano. Tal situação se torna bastante evidente nos anos seguintes, devido aos rearranjos espaciais que configuraram esse novo momento da metrópole paulistana. De tal modo, consideraremos o espaço, bem como os espaços que possuem certa concentração de vegetação, como uma nova raridade e, quanto mais amplo o processo de reprodução do capital, mais rarefeito esses espaços se tornarão. Nesse mote, as periferias se reconfiguram e se complexificam. Seguindo essa perspectiva, compreenderemos os novos projetos no extremo da zona sul de São Paulo levados a cabo pelas políticas ambientais, principalmente com a implantação das Áreas de Preservação Ambiental. A pesquisa buscou demonstrar como este espaço periférico, tutelado pelas legislações ambientais, está sendo incorporados no processo de reprodução do espaço urbano de São Paulo por meio do empreendedorismo urbano ou das especificidades da localização, e, principalmente, pela possibilidade de \"liquidez\" que cada \"potencialidade\" do lugar tende a oferecer ao mercado. Assim, foi criado em 2014 o Polo de Ecoturismo de São Paulo, que engloba Parelheiros, Marsilac e na Ilha do Bororé, com a proposta de articular as potencialidades das áreas de Proteção Ambiental podem proporcionar. Em suma, buscamos compreender as finalidades e os conteúdos da proteção da natureza no atual momento da urbanização contemporânea.
The purpose of the research is to analyze the content of environmental policies in the outskirts of geographical south end of São Paulo: Parelheiros and Marsilac districts. The two districts are part of the watersheds of metropolitan area of São Paulo, and are subject to environmental protection laws; therefore, theoretically, since 1975, they are oriented to follow the normative restrictions for land uses and occupation of those relating areas and their constraints laws. However, in the same context of the enactment of urban norms aimed at structuring and ordain the urban space of nowadays metropolitan region, we also had, during this period, a large migration of the population to these watersheds area, coming from other states, or from intra-urban displacements. Thus, the largest population contingents towards to those water sources occurred after the implementation of the environmental laws of 1975, revealing the context of restructuring and changes to global level, which will be expressed in and through urban space configuration. This situation becomes evident in the following years, due to the spatial rearrangements that configured this new moment of the metropolis of São Paulo. In this way, we will consider space, as well as spaces that have a certain concentration of vegetation, as new rarity and the broader the process of reproduction of capital, more rarefied these spaces will become. In this motto, the city outskirts are reconfigured and in this perspective, we will understand the south end zone of São Paulo undertaken by the environmental policies, especially with the implementation of the Environmental Preservation Areas. The search sought to demonstrate how this peripheral space, protected by environmental legislation are being incorporated into the process of reproduction of the urban space of São Paulo by urban entrepreneurship, or of the specificities, of the location, and mainly due to the possibility of \"liquidity\" that each \"potentiality\" of the place tends to offer to the market itself. Thus, the Ecotourism Pole of São Paulo was created in 2014, located at Parelheiros, Marsilac and Bororé Island, to articulate the potentialities that the Environmental Protection areas can provide. In summary, we seek to understand the purposes and contents of the protection of nature in the current moment of urbanization.

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Oliveira, Patricia do Prado. "Estudo da paisagem para subsídio ao planejamento ambiental e conservação de fragmentos florestais nos Distritos do Parque do Carmo, José Bonifácio e Cidade Tiradentes, Município de São Paulo (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-11012013-105538/.

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A partir da década de 1970, o município de São Paulo, apresentou uma expansão de sua área periférica que resultando na perda significativa de sua cobertura vegetal, que hoje se reduz a fragmentos nos extremos norte e sul do município e de manchas isoladas de vegetação, como as das Áreas de Proteção Ambiental do Parque e Fazenda Carmo e da Mata do Iguatemi. A região do médio vale do rio Aricanduva apresenta ainda fragmentos de vegetação remanescentes da floresta que antes recobria o estado e o município de São Paulo, que devido às características do relevo local, resistiram ao processo de urbanização, podendo, deste modo, desempenhar funções ambientais importantes. Para paisagens que guardam potencial ecológico, torna-se importante a formulação de propostas e alternativas para a gestão ambiental e para a proteção de fragmentos de vegetação tão escassos e importantes para qualidade ambiental e de vida das populações. O estudo da paisagem pode atuar com uma importante ferramenta na formulação de tais propostas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar e uma análise e caracterização da paisagem da qual fazem parte as APAs do Carmo e do Iguatemi, e áreas localizadas em suas adjacências, considerando características relacionadas ao meio físico e à ocupação humana. Foi adotada como área de estudo os Distritos do Parque do Carmo, José Bonifácio e Cidade Tiradentes, unidades administrativas já existentes. Como fundamentação teórica para a realização desses objetivos propostos foi utilizada a Ecologia da Paisagem. Para uma reconstituição histórica da evolução do uso e cobertura da terra na área de estudo selecionada foram produzidos mapas do uso e cobertura da terra dos anos de 1973, 1994, 2002 e 2010. A produção dos mapas permitiu identificar e quantificar as modificações no uso e cobertura da terra ocorridas nas últimas décadas, o potencial ecológico e importância ambiental dos terrenos nas adjacências da APAs que ainda apresentam fragmentos de vegetação natural secundária. A partir da combinação das informações sobre a litologia, solos, relevo e uso e cobertura da terra, foram identificadas unidades de paisagem na área de estudo. De acordo com as características de cada uma das unidades de paisagem, foram identificadas as potencialidades para as atividades agrícolas, para assentamentos humanos e para a conservação. Também foi identificada a fragilidade ambiental de cada unidade de paisagem, considerando, principalmente aspectos do meio físico. A partir identificação da fragilidade ambiental de das potencialidades das unidades de paisagem da área de estudo foi elaborada uma proposta de ordenamento territorial para os distritos do Parque do Carmo, José Bonifácio e Cidade Tiradentes. O estudo indica possibilidades de gestão do território e a importância do estabelecimento de mecanismos de proteção ambiental para a região.
From the 1970s, the city of São Paulo, showed an expansion of its peripheral area which resulted in significant loss of vegetation cover, which today is reduced to fragments in the extreme north and south of the city and isolated patches of vegetation, such as those found in APAs do Parque e Fazenda do Carmo and Iguatemi. The region of the medium river valley Aricanduva presents fragments of vegetation remaining that once covered the state and city of Sao Paulo, that due to the characteristics of the local relief, and may thus, play important environmental functions. For landscapes that hold ecological potential, it is important to formulate proposals and alternatives for environmental management and protection of vegetation fragments so scarce and important for environmental and quality of life for people. The study of landscape can act with an important tool in the formulation of such proposals. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the landscape, with are part the APA do Carmo and Iguatemi and areas, and areas located in their vicinity, considering characteristics related to the physical environment and human occupation. It was adopted as the study area the District do Parque do Carmo, José Bonifácio e Cidade Tiradentes, that are administrative units that already exist. As a theoretical foundation for the achievement of proposed objectives was used to Landscape Ecology. For a historical reconstitution of the evolution of the use and land cover in the study area, were produced maps of land use and cover the years 1973, 1994, 2002 and 2010. The production of maps to identify and quantify the variations in the use and land cover have occurred in recent decades, and showed the potential ecological and environmental importance of land in the vicinity of APAs that still have secondary fragments of natural vegetation. From the combination of information on the lithology, soils, relief and use and land cover, landscape units were identified in the study area. According to the characteristics of each Landscape Units, identified the potential for agricultural activitieshuman settlements and for the conservation. Also been identified the environmental fragility of the each one Landscape Units, considering mainly aspects of the physical environment. From identifying the environmental fragility of the potential of Landscape Units in the study area drew up a proposal for a Spatial Planning for Parque do Carmo, Jose Bonifacio and Cidade Tiradentes districts. The study indicates the possibilities for land management and the importance of establishing mechanisms for environmental protection for the region.

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