Journal articles: 'Ignorance production'

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Launer, John. "The production of ignorance." Postgraduate Medical Journal 96, no. 1133 (February 21, 2020): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137494.

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Stefani, Gianluca, Alessio Cavicchi, and Donato Romano. "Blissed ignorance?" Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-12-2013-0144.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of information on origin, “typicalness”, production method and flavour on the willingness to pay and the sensorial appreciation of Tuscan sanguinaccio (Italian Salami). Design/methodology/approach – The goal of the study was to explore how differences between willingness to pay and sensorial appreciation (measured using a hedonic score) for the three types are influenced by the nature of the sensorial and non-sensorial information available to the consumer. To evaluate reaction to sensorial information, typical information regimes used in works on degree of disconfirmation (Schifferstein, 2001) were adopted, that is, visual examination of the product with indication of the name and tasting of the labelled product. Findings – Analysis of the results of the experiments indicates that Mallegato and Biroldo have particular characteristics that make it critical to promote them to a vast public. The information on the production methods and ingredients seemed to interact negatively with the sensorial perception of the product after tasting, probably because of the presence of blood and other problematic components (for example, components of the pig head in Biroldo) among the ingredients. Research limitations/implications – Limited size of the sample and a gastronomic niche product analyzed. Practical implications – The negative influence of the processed information has to be considered to efficiently communicate the typicalness of these salami products. In fact, whilst for other traditional products, different kinds of information related to process, raw materials, recipes and, more generally, tradition can be jointly used to increase the arousal and the expectation on products quality characteristics, in this case, the communication strategy has to carefully consider the limit of these product components. Originality/value – For the first time the use of experimental auctions investigate the role of problematic information, such as the presence of blood, on consumers’ preference towards a typical gastronomic product.

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Fernández Pinto, Manuela. "Scientific ignorance: Probing the limits of scientific research and knowledge production." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 34, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.19329.

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The aim of the paper is to clarify the concept of scientific ignorance: what is it, what are its sources, and when is it epistemically detrimental for science. I present a taxonomy of scientific ignorance, distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic sources. I argue that the latter can create a detrimental epistemic gap, which have significant epistemic and social consequences. I provide three examples from medical research to illustrate this point. To conclude, I claim that while some types of scientific ignorance are inevitable and even desirable, other types of scientific ignorance are epistemically and ethically flawed and should be prevented.

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Mahmoud, Abdulmoneim. "Ignorance and Avoidance in EFL Written Production." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 4 (August 16, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i4.17533.

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This study focuses on cases where EFL students do not produce the required words and phrases in their written production (i.e. semantic nonuse). To the best of the researcher’s knowledge no quantitative studies have been conducted so far to show the magnitude and the various reasons of nonuse. To fill this gap, this study attempts to quantify and analyze such instances with examples. Data were collected from 71 Arabic-to-English translations dome by university English majors as one of the tasks of an introductory course in translation. They wrote an essay in Modern Standard Arabic at the beginning of the semester and translated it into English at the end of it. Cases of nonuse where students did not use any English words were categorized and analyzed. The students were consulted to justify such cases. Accordingly, three reasons of nonuse were identified: (1) ignorance and perceived difficulty (65%), (2) perceived redundancy (33%), and (3) memory lapse (2%). ‘Avoidance’ accounted for words and expressions that were not produced due to difficulty and redundancy. The distinction between ‘ignorance’ and ‘avoidance’ may give language instructors a deeper insight into the learners’ production problems and help them in planning strategy-based teaching. The findings may also help researchers classify and explain cases of nonuse more rigorously.

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Kempner, Joanna. "Post‐Truth and the Production of Ignorance." Sociological Forum 35, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12576.

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Tuana, Nancy. "The Speculum of Ignorance: The Women's Health Movement and Epistemologies of Ignorance." Hypatia 21, no. 3 (2006): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01110.x.

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This essay aims to clarify the value of developing systematic studies of ignorance as a component of any robust theory of knowledge. The author employs feminist efforts to recover and create knowledge of women's bodies in the contemporary women's health movement as a case study for cataloging different types of ignorance and shedding light on the nature of their production. She also helps us understand the ways resistance movements can be a helpful site for understanding how to identify, critique, and transform ignorance.

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Kleinman, Daniel Lee, and Sainath Suryanarayanan. "Dying Bees and the Social Production of Ignorance." Science, Technology, & Human Values 38, no. 4 (May 3, 2012): 492–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243912442575.

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Stewart, Michelle Olsgard. "Centralizing ignorance and surprise in the production of knowledge." Metascience 21, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-011-9614-5.

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Golubinskaya, Anastasia. "Motivated Ignorance as a Philosophical Category: Theoretical and Practical Potential." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (July 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2023.2.3.

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The article is devoted to the study of the consequential model of ignorance as an epistemic state of a non-expert subject. Ignorance remains one of the least developed and ambiguous categories in contemporary philosophy and theory of knowledge. Nevertheless, motivated ignorance as one of its forms can be found everywhere in everyday life, in particular, in healthcare, consumer behavior, political preferences, and most often in legal conceptions. Generalization of life situations of motivated ignorance makes it possible to detect its manifestations as a cognitive and socially determined phenomenon. The cognitive manifestation of motivated ignorance refers to the peculiarities of experiencing situations of uncertainty, the social one – to the consequences that come as a result of accepting the knowledge. The latter follows from philosophy of law and doctrine of ignorance and specifically intentional ignorance motivated by an attempt to manage risks. Combining the experience of philosophical and legal research of ignorance with agnotology, i.e. the study of the social production of ignorance, and the epistemology of ignorance, which examines the factors of distribution of knowledge in the social system, we find that in this case ignorance is not the absence of knowledge or the lack of process of cognition per se, but the conclusion of causal reasoning about the interaction with the social environment, the result of which is the onset of undesirable consequences. The research shows that the ignorance motivation can be determined by pragmatically, existentially, altruistically, doxastically justified statements that the subject adheres to, as well as the subjects desire to choose the simplest ways to solve problems. The article notes the perspective in which such studies of ignorance seem to be an effective way to deepen our understanding of the factors of acceptance of scientific knowledge by non-expert people, in particular the need to resist the strengthening of anti-scientific beliefs in society.

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Schwarzkopf, Stefan. "Sacred Excess: Organizational Ignorance in an Age of Toxic Data." Organization Studies 41, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618815527.

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Actors in data-intensive industries at times deliberately induce and reproduce organizational ignorance by engaging in over-production of data. This observation leads the paper to make two claims. First, members of these industries fetishize data excess not in order to reduce, but in order to reproduce and stabilize organizational ignorance. Second, in this process of fetishization, organizational ignorance gives rise to forms of collective effervescence similar to that found in totemistic religions. This effervescence allows organizational actors to draw defining lines around that which is marked as awe-inspiring, dangerous and off-limits, namely the sacred. In reviewing organizational ignorance from the perspective of the sacred, this paper proposes that, paradoxically, contemporary forms of data creation allow companies and industries to organize themselves around ignorance as opposed to the promise of knowledge and insight. The paper uses this theoretical proposal in order to outline the contours of an alternative ontology of organizational ignorance, one that understands this phenomenon in terms of excessive presence of data and information.

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Piso, Zachary, Ezgi Sertler, Anna Malavisi, Ken Marable, Erik Jensen, Chad Gonnerman, and Michael O’Rourke. "The Production and Reinforcement of Ignorance in Collaborative Interdisciplinary Research." Social Epistemology 30, no. 5-6 (September 3, 2016): 643–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2016.1213328.

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Zhang, Yunpeng, and Fang Xu. "Ignorance, Orientalism and Sinophobia in Knowledge Production on COVID‐19." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 111, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12441.

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Fallin, Mallory, Owen Whooley, and Kristin Kay Barker. "Criminalizing the brain: Neurocriminology and the production of strategic ignorance." BioSocieties 14, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 438–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41292-018-0135-y.

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Kochan, Tymoteusz. "Kapitał i produkcja kultury." Studia Politologiczne 2020, no. 55 (March 31, 2020): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2020.55.3.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a theory of transformation concerning social classess and their culture. Modern social classes are deprived of their own culture. Instead the standarized, classless “uniculture” comes in place. It is produced by cultural means of production which are key to maintain the global hegemony of the capital. These cultural means of production produce also mass ignorance. Their role is to eliminate old system of education and to replace local learning by global, cultural, hegemonies. They are also the source of the modern anticlass aesthetics.

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Thompson, Herb. "Ignorance and Ideological Hegemony: A Critique of Neoclassical Economics." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 8, no. 4 (October 1997): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9700800406.

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Neoclassical economists increasingly devise compelling, mathematically elegant hypotheses with dubious, to say the least, policy relevance. They are also most reluctant to engage in conversation with alternative paradigmatic schools (eg., feminists, Marxists, Institutionalists or Post-Keynesians). In doing so they have become intellectually incestuous, and unconcerned about being unaware of what they don’t know (defined as ignorance-squared). Ignorance-squared does not merely imply a lack of knowledge, but also the possibility that it is being produced. It is argued that neoclassical economists, as traditional intellectuals, cultivate the social production of ignorance, and propagate it to their students, in the struggle for ideas. This is done through narrow pedagogy, delineation of research parameters, and by constraining the production and presentation of non-neoclassical knowledge. While a number of reasons exist for the intellectual narrowing of the discipline, one fundamental answer to the query “why is this the case?” may be found in the notion of ideological hegemony.

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Mesaritou, Evgenia, Simon Coleman, and John Eade. "Introduction." Journeys 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jys.2020.210101.

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This special issue on “Knowledge, Ignorance, and Pilgrimage” highlights processes of production of knowledge and ignorance that unfold within as well as beyond pilgrimage sites. We illustrate the labor, politics, and power relations involved in the construction of sacred centers, but also the ways in which the field of study must be extended to other places where pilgrims learn to practice their religion, and live their everyday lives.

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Topçu, Sezin, and Irène Maffi. "Rethinking ignorance production in the field of reproductive biomedicine: An introduction." Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 14 (March 2022): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2021.12.002.

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Nemec, Birgit, and Jesse Olszynko-Gryn. "The Duogynon controversy and ignorance production in post-thalidomide West Germany." Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 14 (March 2022): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2021.09.003.

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Lohmann, Larry. "Carbon Trading, Climate Justice and the Production of Ignorance: Ten examples." Development 51, no. 3 (August 18, 2008): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dev.2008.27.

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Jeon, June. "Invisibilizing politics: Accepting and legitimating ignorance in environmental sciences." Social Studies of Science 49, no. 6 (September 9, 2019): 839–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312719872823.

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Although sociologists have explored how political and economic factors influence the formation of ignorance in science and technology, we know little about how scientists comply with external controls by abandoning their prior research and leaving scientific innovations incomplete. Most research in science and technology studies (STS) on ignorance has relied on structural and historical analyses, lacking in situ studies in scientific laboratories. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article examines the habitus of ignorance as a mechanism of the social production of ignorance. Scientists have a set of dispositions that establish practical contexts enabling them to ignore particular scientific content. Leaders of the organization repeatedly legitimate the abandonment of unfinished projects, while ordinary laboratory scientists internalize the normalized view that the scientific field is inherently opportunistic and that unfunded research should be left undone. A cycle of legitimation and acceptance of ignorance by actors at distinctive positions within the organization provides a mechanism of social control of scientific knowledge. As the mechanism is habitually self-governed by the rules of the game of current scientific institutions, the result is an indirect, although deeply subjugating, invisible and consolidating form of political and economic domination of the scientific field.

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Broad, Garrett M. "Animal Production, Ag-gag Laws, and the Social Production of Ignorance: Exploring the Role of Storytelling." Environmental Communication 10, no. 1 (October 27, 2014): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2014.968178.

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Schaffhauser, Philippe. "Public Migration Policies from an Agnotological Perspective: Institutional Omission and Confusion Around the “Bracero” File." Migraciones internacionales 10 (January 1, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2074.

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This article derives from a series of previous studies since 2008 about the movement of former workers in different parts of Mexico. This movement has several sociological edges: social rights, labor migration, return migrations, public migration policies, emotional experiences of migration, old age, rural areas, etc. The role of ignorance in the relationship between braceros and authorities is addressed, in the light of this complexity. Ignorance, known as agnotology from the pioneering works of the historian Robert Proctor, has become an object of study to understand another aspect of contemporary governance. It consists in the deliberate production of ignorance that is infused and spread to a given audience, often taking advantage of its vulnerability. It works by omission (absence of information) or confusion (multiple information). The above is my object of study and then I present its first research results.

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Bell, Susan E. "Symposium: Risk, innovation and ignorance production in the field of reproductive biomedicine." Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 14 (March 2022): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2021.11.003.

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Slater, Tom. "The Myth of “Broken Britain”: Welfare Reform and the Production of Ignorance." Antipode 46, no. 4 (December 18, 2012): 948–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anti.12002.

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Lutz, Catherine. "Bureaucratic Weaponry and the Production of Ignorance in Military Operations on Guam." Current Anthropology 60, S19 (February 2019): S108—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/699937.

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Veit, Helen Zoe. "Eating Cotton: Cottonseed, Crisco, and Consumer Ignorance." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781419000276.

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AbstractAmericans have eaten significant amounts of cottonseed oil since the late nineteenth century. Yet for generations, few Americans have known how often they eat foods made from the cotton plant. Crisco paved the way for this kind of consumer ignorance. Launched by the Procter & Gamble company in 1911, Crisco was a wholly new product: a solid fat made entirely from liquid cottonseed oil, the result of the novel technology of hydrogenation. Responding to tenacious prejudice against cottonseed, Crisco's marketers made consumer ignorance acceptable by promoting the idea that industrial processing was akin to purification and encouraging consumers to put trust in brands rather than to focus on ingredients. The Progressive Era is supposed to be a period when food processing became increasingly transparent, and in some ways it was. But in the wake of the Pure Food legislation of 1906 and in conjunction with an exploding food advertising industry that highlighted factory processing as a unique virtue, American consumers increasingly trusted both government oversight and industrial food production. Cottonseed oil's history is ultimately a story of consumers’ growing confidence in highly processed food and their growing comfort with ignorance about the ingredients that went into it.

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Álvarez, José Antonio. "La política económica y la incertidumbre: notas para un programa de investigación." Atlántida Revista Canaria de Ciencias Sociales, no. 14 (2023): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.atlantid.2023.14.04.

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In this paper we are going to deal with the coexistence of Economic Policy with uncertainty. In the first part, the concept of uncertainty and its main causes are specified, highlighting three: lack of information, ignorance and the existence of stochastic processes. In the rest of the text we consider the Economic Policy in its phases of design, decision and implementation, phases that are users of information and knowledge. Therefore, an Economic Policy is proposed that highlights the infrastructure for the production of knowledge and learning (reduce the lack of information and ignorance) to increase rigor and contribute to reducing uncertainty.

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Viret, Marjolaine, and Fabien Ohl. "What you don’t know won’t hurt you – Agnotology in anti-doping." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 080. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss080.

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When studying the production of knowledge for policy, focus is typically on science that is being done and taken up. This paper looks at the other side of the coin: science that remains undone or unseen. We analyse sports policies through the prism of ‘agnotology’, using the case of anti-doping as a ‘regulatory science’ (Jasanoff, 2011). Theoretical framework Agnotology refers to social production of ignorance (Proctor, 2008). Science may be suppressed, or otherwise not undertaken, or remain invisible (Boudia & Henry, 2022). Ignorance can range from deliberate hindrance to structural impediments (power to put issues onto the research agenda; resource allocation). Framing matters in policy, since any problem representation manages complexity by simplifying, and leaving gaps (Bacchi, 2009). Undone science may reproduce social inequality structures (Boudia & Henry, 2022). Connections can be made with sociology frameworks, such as Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and field theory (Bourdieu, 1976). Scientific habitus is an incarnated form of being a scientist, which shapes issue selection and treatment (Jeon, 2019). Scientists self-censor for their career; certain research areas, or methods, are frowned upon. Ignorance is intrinsic to the construction of science: some statements may never be fortified into facts, e.g. if no scientist takes them up or challenges them (Latour & Woolgar, 1976). Various typologies exist of how organisations react to ignorance (Boswell & Badenhoop, 2019: elucidation, denial, resignation), or keep uncomfortable knowledge at bay (Rayner, 2012: denial, dismissal, diversion and displacement). Research questions How is ignorance created or maintained in anti-doping science? Research emphasis and gaps: what is (not) researched? What issues/methods are favoured/considered invalid? Policy uptake: what research is made visible or kept invisible? What actors are influential in the process? Influence of structures and power: who is authorised to do science? What is the role of the the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its regulatory framework? What strategies are developed in the face of ignorance? Methods i.) Analysis of the regulatory framework and other documents (Minutes of WADA Committees 2000-2022); ii.) semi-structured interviews with scientists (researchers with a record in publishing on doping related science) & decision-makers (officials at WADA & anti-doping organisations). We perform a content and discourse analysis, combining an inductive approach based on our experience in the field and the above frameworks. Preliminary Results The document analysis shows that scientists congregate into a community in which WADA authorizes who provide valid science. The most obvious aspect is accreditation by WADA of laboratories to perform doping analyses. Science predominantly involves these laboratories, based on their specialised expertise, but also privileged access to samples. WADA issues yearly research grants, selected through its expert committees. What science is then brought to the decision-making table also depends on WADA’s expert groups and science department. Through control of access to resources (samples, funding), coupled with regulation, WADA has a strong hold on the science produced. Next we identify, through interviews, specific areas of science that were/are unexplored or invisible, and can be furthered as case studies. References Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: What’s the problem represented to be? Pearson. Boswell, C., & Badenhoop, E. (2019). “What isn’t in the files, isn’t in the world”: Understanding state ignorance of irregular migration in Germany and the United Kingdom. Governance, 34(2), 335-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12499 Boudia, S., & Henry, E. (2022). Politiques de l’ignorance [Politics of ignorance]. Presses universitaires de France. Bourdieu, P. (1976). Le champ scientifique. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 2(2-3), 88-104. Jasanoff, S. (2011). The Practice of Objectivity in Regulatory Science. In C. Camic, N. Gross & M. Lamont (Eds), Social Knowledge in the Making (pp. 307-337). University of Chicago Press. Jeon, J. (2019). Invisibilizing politics: Accepting and legitimating ignorance in environmental sciences. Social Studies of Science, 49(6), 839–862. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312719872823 Latour, B., & Woolgar, S. (1979). Laboratory Life. The construction of scientific facts. Princeton University Press. Steve, R. (2012). Uncomfortable knowledge: The social construction of ignorance in science and environmental policy discourses. Economy and Society, 41(1), 107-125. Proctor, R. N. (2008). A missing term to describe the cultural production of ignorance (and its study). In R. N. Proctor & L. Schiebinger (Eds), Agnotology. The Making & Unmaking of Ignorance (pp. 1-37). Stanford University Press. Rayner, S. (2012). Uncomfortable knowledge: The social construction of ignorance in science and environmental policy discourses. Economy and Society, 41(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2011.637335

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Sanabria, Emilia. "Circulating Ignorance: Complexity and Agnogenesis in the Obesity “Epidemic”." Cultural Anthropology 31, no. 1 (October 23, 2015): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca31.1.07.

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This article examines what is said to be un/known about obesity and the ways in which attributions of knowledge or ignorance circulate in the field of public health nutrition. Risks caused by individual behaviors have been an overstated concern in public health. Obesity, like many of today’s complex problems, is determined by myriad nested interactions spanning the political economies of market regulation, modes of agricultural production, the biochemistry of appetite regulation, and changing family structures. Yet public intervention—and the science produced to validate it—remains wedded to a mode of intervening that has limited purchase on the complexity with which it contends. This article draws on scholarship on the social construction of ignorance to argue that the field of evidence in obesity science is fashioned in a way that deflects attention (and responsibility) away from questions of food production and marketing and continues to frame the problem as one of individual responsibility. Rather than discrediting the veracity of evidence produced out of industry-research partnerships that increasingly dominate public health research, this article examines how the field of evidence has been structured by these relations. It argues that the demonstration of causal relations between political and socioeconomic determinants of malnutrition and measurable health indexes is largely impossible, not simply because of the absence of good evidence but because the existing parameters of good science cannot straightforwardly reveal such relations. This, in turn, is due to the configuration of the knowable in terms of whether knowledge can be made operational.

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Kuchinskaya, Olga. "Chernobyl and the Production of Ignorance: Review of Kate Brown's Manual for Survival." Slavic Review 79, no. 2 (2020): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.83.

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What is the number of casualties from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster? Historian Kate Brown's important book grew out of apparent frustration with the controversy surrounding the accident. Brown was frustrated with the position of United Nations agencies—often repeated in the media—that only thirty-one to fifty-four died as the result of the accident, most of them emergency responders. The only recognized effect for the general population was an increase in nonfatal thyroid cancer in children. She was also frustrated with the assertions that we might never know the actual death toll.

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Huber, Amelie. "Hydropower in the Himalayan Hazardscape: Strategic Ignorance and the Production of Unequal Risk." Water 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030414.

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Rapidly expanding hydropower development in areas prone to geological and hydro-climatic hazards poses multiple environmental and technological risks. Yet, so far these have received scant attention in hydropower planning processes, and even in the campaigns of most citizen initiatives contesting these dams. Based on qualitative empirical research in Northeast India, this paper explores the reasons why dam safety and hazard potential are often marginal topics in hydropower governance and its contestation. Using a political ecology framework analyzing the production of unequal risks, I argue that a blind-eye to environmental risks facilitates the appropriation of economic benefits by powerful interest groups, while increasing the hazardousness of hydropower infrastructure, accelerating processes of social marginalization. More specifically, this paper brings into analytical focus the role of strategic ignorance and manufactured uncertainty in the production of risk, and explores the challenges and opportunities such knowledge politics create for public resistance against hazardous technologies. I posit that influencing the production of knowledge about risk can create a fertile terrain for contesting hazardous hydropower projects, and for promoting alternative popular conceptions of risk. These findings contribute to an emerging body of research about the implications of hydropower expansionism in the Himalayan hazardscape.

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Agarwala, Aadyansh. "Implementation of Statistical Quality Control Tools on Machining of Pipes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38319.

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Abstract: Inferior quality of pipes are most common and avoidable problem in the production unit. This often leads to increase in expenses precisely on variable costs such as raw materials. A lot of raw goods are wasted due to ignorance in quality management thereby increasing the cost of production. By implementing various quality control tools in this industry, we can reduce the inferiority in the pipes and hence reduce the cost

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Sharapov, Kiril, and Jonathan Mendel. "Trafficking in Human Beings: Made and Cut to Measure? Anti-trafficking Docufictions and the Production of Anti-trafficking Truths." Cultural Sociology 12, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 540–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975518788657.

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This article responds to Gozdziak’s (2015: 30) call to explore how the knowledge that informs public debates about human trafficking is generated. Media imagery and narratives play a significant role in constructing both knowledge and ignorance. This article reflects on the construction of such knowledge by analysing how anti-trafficking docufiction videos from the Unchosen competition dramatize trafficking. We draw on Goffman’s (1974) work on frames to analyse how these videos present a simplified interpretation of reality, where certain constructed aspects of trafficking and exploitation are represented by video-makers as illustrating the general. In doing so, we highlight how anti-trafficking docufictions help efface everyday exploitation. The article contributes both to the empirical research on the construction of knowledge about trafficking, and to critical conceptual work on (anti)trafficking, exploitation and ignorance. It is part of a broader project to challenge exceptionalizing and individualizing representations of human trafficking – aiming to engage better with everyday exploitation.

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Wrachien, De. "Impacts of Climate Change on Food Production and On the Agricultural Environment." Nutrition and Food Processing 3, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/033.

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Despite the enormous advances in our ability to manage the natural world, we have reached the 21st century in awesome ignorance of what is likely to unfold in terms of both the climate changes and the human activities that affect the environment and the responses of the Earth to these stimuli. Globally the prospects of increasing the gross cultivated area are limited by the decease of economically attractive sites for large-scale irrigation and drainage projects. Therefore, increase in food production will necessarily rely on a more accurate application of the crop water requirements on the one hand, and modernization and improvement of irrigation and drainage systems on the other hand. These issues have to be analysed in light of the expected impacts of climate change and environmental sustainability. The present Editorial analyses the relevant aspects of these issues in light of the need to increase food production and for sustainable agricultural environment.

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Li, Lei, Guanglong Sheng, and Yuliang Su. "Water-Gas Two-Phase Flow Behavior of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs." Processes 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100664.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a necessary method to develop shale gas reservoirs effectively and economically. However, the flow behavior in multi-porosity fractured reservoirs is difficult to characterize by conventional methods. In this paper, combined with apparent porosity/permeability model of organic matter, inorganic matter and induced fractures, considering the water film in unstimulated reservoir volume (USRV) region water and bulk water in effectively stimulated reservoir volume (ESRV) region, a multi-media water-gas two-phase flow model was established. The finite difference is used to solve the model and the water-gas two-phase flow behavior of multi-fractured horizontal wells is obtained. Mass transfer between different-scale media, the effects of pore pressure on reservoirs and fluid properties at different production stages were considered in this model. The influence of the dynamic reservoir physical parameters on flow behavior and gas production in multi-fractured horizontal wells is studied. The results show that the properties of the total organic content (TOC) and the inherent porosity of the organic matter affect gas production after 40 days. With the gradual increase of production time, the gas production rate decreases rapidly compared with the water production rate, and the gas saturation in the inorganic matter of the ESRV region gradually decreases. The ignorance of stress sensitivity would cause the gas production increase, and the ignorance of organic matter shrinkage decrease the gas production gradually. The water film mainly affects gas production after 100 days, while the bulk water has a greater impact on gas production throughout the whole period. The research provides a new method to accurately describe the two-phase fluid flow behavior in different scale media of fractured shale gas reservoirs.

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Jayaweera, Mahesh, Hasini Perera, Gimhani Dhanushika, and Buddhika Gunawardane. "Consumption of chilled water stored in a PET bottle multiple times: are we quenching thirst or gulping phthalates?" Bolgoda Plains 01, no. 01 (October 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.8.

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The statistics forecast that the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles worldwide in 2016 was about 485 billion, and the same in 2021, has been approximately 583 billion. Although such productions in many countries have the ear of prominent political and social leaders, high production rates still reign the global market. In parallel, revered scientists globally conflate plausible and incontrovertible medical canons against the use of PET bottles for the protection of public health. Nevertheless, unwashed masses worldwide dislodge or disparage such public health doctrine but face a myriad of health hazards. For many years, mainly beneath the public’s ignorance, the solid collective rhetoric expressed by PET-bottle manufacturing companies has not let such medical dogma take hold in the society, instead purposefully manipulated the market with conflating pure baloneys or fallacies.

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Ignatova, Nina Yu. "«Kaleidoscope» of feminist epistemologies." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 2 (2022): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2022-2-197-207.

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The paper explores the ideas of feminist epistemologies in the 21st century: skepticism about objectivity, intersectional approach, epistemic injustice, etc. The author investigates the concepts of a hermeneutic gap, gaslighting and meta-ignorance, and gives the implications of these terms in higher education. The term «feminist epistemologies» is used in the paper in the plural since the attempts of oppressed groups to return the value of their own experience cannot be manifested in the existence of the only one universal epistemology. Rethinking the concepts of «knowledge», «knowing» with regard to women, disabled people, representatives of different races, sexual minorities becomes the core for the development of trans-epistemology, queer-epistemology, creep-epistemology, epistemology of resistance, epistemology of ignorance, etc. A particular contribution of feminist epistemologies is the attention to values and vested interests of privileged and oppressed groups in the sphere of knowledge production, which allows expanding the use of the concepts of epistemic injustice, epistemic advantage, and epistemic ignorance. The author raises a question: if power can lead to epistemic ignorance, while oppression, in turn — to epistemological advantage, does it mean that knowers from marginalized groups have the most complete knowledge? While there are many different research positions, none of the feminist epistemologies puts forward such a simplistic understanding of the connection between power and knowledge. The author argues that the relationship between knowledge and power cannot be described in such a way that the value of one’s knowledge will increase while the power of oppressed groups will decrease. The study shows that feminist epistemologies are a «kaleidoscope» of alternative or «marginal» epistemologies.

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Schwartz, Birgitta. "The animal welfare battle: the production of affected ignorance in the Swedish meat industry debate." Culture and Organization 26, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2018.1513937.

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Hopf, Henning, Alain Krief, Goverdhan Mehta, and Stephen A. Matlin. "Fake science and the knowledge crisis: ignorance can be fatal." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 5 (May 2019): 190161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190161.

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Computers, the Internet and social media enable every individual to be a publisher, communicating true or false information instantly and globally. In the ‘post-truth’ era, deception is commonplace at all levels of contemporary life. Fakery affects science and social information and the two have become highly interactive globally, undermining trust in science and the capacity of individuals and society to make evidence-informed choices, including on life-or-death issues. Ironically, drivers of fake science are embedded in the current science publishing system intended to disseminate evidenced knowledge, in which the intersection of science advancement and reputational and financial rewards for scientists and publishers incentivize gaming and, in the extreme, creation and promotion of falsified results. In the battle for truth, individual scientists, professional associations, academic institutions and funding bodies must act to put their own house in order by promoting ethics and integrity and de-incentivizing the production and publishing of false data and results. They must speak out against false information and fake science in circulation and forcefully contradict public figures who promote it. They must contribute to research that helps understand and counter false information, to education that builds knowledge and skills in assessing information and to strengthening science literacy in society.

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Chabrol, Marie, and Charline Coupeau. "Kreuter (1842-1987), fabricant méconnu." Gemmes 2 (September 21, 2023): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.63000/g63qec95cn.

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The city of Hanau in Germany was one of the most important jewelry production centers of Europe between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. It’s in this city that the Kreuter workshop was based, which ensured most of qualitative productions of many jewelers who supplied the European royal houses. Among them, Robert Koch (1879 – 1987), often described as the « German Cartier ». The general ignorance of this workshop and its archives shows that many pieces are often misidentified on the market because they are automatically attributed to its main retailer. By introducing this workshop, it is more broadly the role of the archive in the jewelry history that this article explores.

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Prasetyo, Hendro, Zaenal Kusuma, and Eny Dyah Yuniwati. "Persepsi Stakeholder Hasil Pengujian Sifat Biologi Tanah Produksi Biomassa untuk Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Probolinggo." Folium : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2023): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/folium.v7i1.19251.

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Soil damage by biomass production is a change in the basic properties of the soil in the area of biomass production caused by human actions. This study aims to analyze the damage to soil biomass production based on the biological characteristics of six sub-districts consisting of 12 villages in Probolinggo. The methods used are quantitative and qualitative methods, which include taking soil and plant samples, testing, surveis, interviews, and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The results of the FGD data are used to determine stakeholder perceptions regarding information on soil properties. The results of the survei at the sampling location showed that the soil texture was moderate, the structure was hard, and the soil thickness was around 50-150 cm. Two villages had a low category bacterial population ranging from 5.5×105–7.3×105 cfu/gram and 5 villages had a very low category bacterial population ranging from 9.55×104–2.45×106 cfu/ grams. Mushroom populations from 7 villages have a very low category of 6.15×104–2.75×105 cfu/gram and 5 villages have a low category. Bacterial and fungal populations in 12 villages showed that soil damage had not occurred, indicating that the abundance of bacteria and fungi was above the critical threshold (<102 cfu/gram). The results of stakeholder perceptions show ignorance that soil biological properties are an indicator of soil damage and ignorance that the continuous use of chemical fertilizers can kill bacteria and fungi.

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Bolton, Gavin. "Weaving Theories is not Enough." New Theatre Quarterly 2, no. 8 (November 1986): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00002396.

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Despite the successful production of Ödön von Horvath's Tales from the Vienna Woods. In the translation by Christopher Hampton at the National Theatre in 1977. the work of this inter-war contemporary of Brecht's remains little known in the English-speaking theatre. James L. Rosenberg. Professor of Drama at Carnegie-Mellon University. Pittsburgh, is himself a professional playwright who has translated some of Horvath's work previously unavailable in English. In an illuminating biographical and critical introduction to this checklist, he both outlines the reasons for our ignorance of Horvath, and suggests aspects of his undervalued importance. The subsequent checklist provides a succinct outline of the original productions of Horvath's plays and of the publication a succinct outline of the original productions of Horvath's plays and of the publication

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Faillo, Marco, Laura Marcon, and Pedro Francés-Gómez. "Distributive Justice in the Lab: Testing the Binding Role of Agreement." Analyse & Kritik 42, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2020-0005.

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AbstractLorenzo Sacconi and his coauthors have put forward the hypothesis that impartial agreements on distributive rules may generate a conditional preference for conformity. The observable effect of this preference would be compliance with fair distributive rules chosen behind a veil of ignorance, even in the absence of external coercion. This paper uses a Dictator Game with production and taking option to compare two ways in which the device of the veil of ignorance may be thought to generate a motivation for, and compliance with a fair distributive rule: individually-as a thought experiment that should work as a moral cue- and collectively-as an actual process of agreement among subjects. The main result is that actual agreement proves to be necessary for agents to be led towards a fair distributive principle and to generate a significant amount of compliance in absence of external authority. This conclusion vindicates the role of actual agreements in generating motivational power in correspondence with fair distributive rules.

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Durant, Jennie L. "Ignorance loops: How non-knowledge about bee-toxic agrochemicals is iteratively produced." Social Studies of Science 50, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 751–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720923390.

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In this article, I examine the knowledge politics around pesticides in the United States and the role it plays in honey bee declines. Since 2006, US beekeepers have lost an average of one-third of their colonies each year. Though a number of factors influence bee health, beekeepers, researchers and policymakers cite pesticides as a primary contributor. In the US, pesticide registration is overseen by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with the required tests conducted by chemical companies applying for registration. Until 2016, the EPA only required chemical companies to measure acute toxicity for non-target species, which means that many pesticides with sublethal toxicities are not labeled bee-toxic, and farmers can apply them without penalty while bees are on their farms or orchards. In addition, California state and county regulators will typically only investigate a bee kill caused by a labeled bee-toxic pesticide, and so emergent data on non-labeled, sublethal pesticides goes uncollected. These gaps in data collection frustrate beekeepers and disincentivize them from reporting colony losses to regulatory agencies – thus reinforcing ignorance about which chemicals are toxic to bees. I term the iterative cycle of non-knowledge co-constituted by regulatory shortfalls and stakeholder regulatory disengagement an ‘ignorance loop’. I conclude with a discussion of what this dynamic can tell us about the politics of knowledge production and pesticide governance and the consequences of ‘ignorance loops’ for stakeholders and the environment.

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Messac, Luke. "No Opiates for the Masses: Untreated Pain, International Narcotics Control, and the Bureaucratic Production of Ignorance." Journal of Policy History 28, no. 2 (March 11, 2016): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089803061600004x.

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Milanoski, Nikola, Velimir Vasilev, and Georgi Petrov. "Virtual sensor system for monitoring and detection of critical modes for the prevention of accidents in production." Yearbook Telecommunications 9 (December 30, 2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ytelecomm.22.9.9.

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Many enterprises with new and experimental processing plants use SCADA systems to control machinary, but these systems are not always complete, this is often due to financial or purely technological constraints or ignorance of the overall process at the time of its introduction. That is why the creation of a duplicative, elastic and scalable monitoring system for monitoring the operating parameters of heavy machines and processes significantly supports the work of the staff and their handling of tasks related to the planning repair activities, delivery of spare parts, avoidance of critical work modes leading to sudden catastrophic consequences and unexpected production shutdowns.

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Bovensiepen, Judith. "On the banality of wilful blindness: Ignorance and affect in extractive encounters." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20959426.

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Research on strategic ignorance tends to focus on the deliberate manufacture of non-knowledge as a tool of governance. In contrast, this article highlights the ‘banal’ workings of wilful blindness, how it can become a normalised part of corporate routine. It examines the diverse dynamics of wilful blindness that became visible in the planning and implementation of a mega oil development project in Timor-Leste, including spatial distancing, denial of moral implications, and the production of effervescent moments of collective solidarity. It concludes that affective states are key in the normalisation of wilful blindness, which operates at the unstable boundary between intention and affect. An emphasis on wilful blindness helps us to bridge the gap between political economy approaches that emphasise the disruptive impact of resource abundance, on the one hand, and anthropological approaches that highlight the social logics and ethical evaluations of main actors involved, on the other.

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Palmieri, Joelle. "Crise, Genre et TIC: Recette pour une Schizophrénie Prononcée - L’Exemple de L’Afrique du Sud." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 2 (August 28, 2010): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i2.141.

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A l’heure de la crise économique mondiale, des femmes assument encore plus chaque jour, différemment selon les régions, et en particulier en Afrique du Sud, la responsabilité du rôle de re-production et de production. Elles assurent les soins de la famille au quotidien, en matière de santé, éducation, nutrition, assainissement… Cette responsabilité, invisible, si elle était mise en lumière, notamment via les TIC, défierait un universalisme dominant, notamment en faisant émerger des savoirs ordinaires, non savants. Pourtant, cette option ne semble pas encore à l’ordre du jour, bien au contraire. Les organisations de femmes nouent avec la société portée et accélérée par la communication et l’information, une relation de subordination, par fatalisme ou ignorance. Aussi, développer des formes de citoyenneté directe, en adéquation avec une définition corrigée de la démocratie, engage à interroger l’hypothèse d’une triangulaire politique, économique et informationnelle, ancrée dans l’articulation des sphères privée et publique. With the global economic crisis, women still assume the brunt of the responsibility for re-production and production,differently in different regions, and in particular in South Africa. They daily provide care for the family, including health,education, nutrition, and sanitation. This invisible responsibility, if it were brought to light, thanks, in particular, to ICT, wouldchallenge a dominant universalism, by highlighting common, every day and not scientific, knowledge. However, this optionis not yet on the horizon; quite the contrary: women's organizations, whether out of fatalism or ignorance, establish relations of subordination with the society supported by and accelerated through communication and information. Developing forms of direct citizenship, in line with a revised definition of democracy, questions the hypothesis of a political, economic andinformational triangular, which is rooted in the intersection of private and public spheres.

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Palmieri, Joelle. "Crise, Genre et TIC: Recette pour une Schizophrénie Prononcée - L’Exemple de L’Afrique du Sud." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, no. 2 (August 28, 2010): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss2pp285-309.

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A l’heure de la crise économique mondiale, des femmes assument encore plus chaque jour, différemment selon les régions, et en particulier en Afrique du Sud, la responsabilité du rôle de re-production et de production. Elles assurent les soins de la famille au quotidien, en matière de santé, éducation, nutrition, assainissement… Cette responsabilité, invisible, si elle était mise en lumière, notamment via les TIC, défierait un universalisme dominant, notamment en faisant émerger des savoirs ordinaires, non savants. Pourtant, cette option ne semble pas encore à l’ordre du jour, bien au contraire. Les organisations de femmes nouent avec la société portée et accélérée par la communication et l’information, une relation de subordination, par fatalisme ou ignorance. Aussi, développer des formes de citoyenneté directe, en adéquation avec une définition corrigée de la démocratie, engage à interroger l’hypothèse d’une triangulaire politique, économique et informationnelle, ancrée dans l’articulation des sphères privée et publique. With the global economic crisis, women still assume the brunt of the responsibility for re-production and production,differently in different regions, and in particular in South Africa. They daily provide care for the family, including health,education, nutrition, and sanitation. This invisible responsibility, if it were brought to light, thanks, in particular, to ICT, wouldchallenge a dominant universalism, by highlighting common, every day and not scientific, knowledge. However, this optionis not yet on the horizon; quite the contrary: women's organizations, whether out of fatalism or ignorance, establish relations of subordination with the society supported by and accelerated through communication and information. Developing forms of direct citizenship, in line with a revised definition of democracy, questions the hypothesis of a political, economic andinformational triangular, which is rooted in the intersection of private and public spheres.

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Beach, E. F. "Une théorie réaliste des prix et de la production." Articles 53, no. 1 (June 23, 2009): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800712ar.

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Abstract The assumption of a single price at any time is very generally imposed on market theorizing. It is unrealistic, but generally accepted because of the needs of welfare theory, and of current theoretical methods. In order to evaluate the significance of the loss in realism from the use of this assumption, it seems to be worthwhile to start with the other extreme of complete ignorance in a market, and allow buyers and sellers to pair off at random, allowing a diversity of prices. It is very interesting that in such a "blind market" the quantity traded tends to be larger, by about 44 per cent. The theory of such a market can be based on a Marshallian industry, and many different versions are suggested. The theory does seem to give useful insight into the results of imposing uniform pricing by barbers, and uniform wage rates in labour markets. The loss in trade and employment seems to be great enough that we should examine a little more carefully the arguments that have been accepted so easily that such uniformity implies greater equity.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ignorance production'

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