Academic literature on the topic 'Ignorance production'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ignorance production":
1
Launer, John. "The production of ignorance." Postgraduate Medical Journal 96, no. 1133 (February 21, 2020): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137494.
2
Stefani, Gianluca, Alessio Cavicchi, and Donato Romano. "Blissed ignorance?" Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-12-2013-0144.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of information on origin, “typicalness”, production method and flavour on the willingness to pay and the sensorial appreciation of Tuscan sanguinaccio (Italian Salami). Design/methodology/approach – The goal of the study was to explore how differences between willingness to pay and sensorial appreciation (measured using a hedonic score) for the three types are influenced by the nature of the sensorial and non-sensorial information available to the consumer. To evaluate reaction to sensorial information, typical information regimes used in works on degree of disconfirmation (Schifferstein, 2001) were adopted, that is, visual examination of the product with indication of the name and tasting of the labelled product. Findings – Analysis of the results of the experiments indicates that Mallegato and Biroldo have particular characteristics that make it critical to promote them to a vast public. The information on the production methods and ingredients seemed to interact negatively with the sensorial perception of the product after tasting, probably because of the presence of blood and other problematic components (for example, components of the pig head in Biroldo) among the ingredients. Research limitations/implications – Limited size of the sample and a gastronomic niche product analyzed. Practical implications – The negative influence of the processed information has to be considered to efficiently communicate the typicalness of these salami products. In fact, whilst for other traditional products, different kinds of information related to process, raw materials, recipes and, more generally, tradition can be jointly used to increase the arousal and the expectation on products quality characteristics, in this case, the communication strategy has to carefully consider the limit of these product components. Originality/value – For the first time the use of experimental auctions investigate the role of problematic information, such as the presence of blood, on consumers’ preference towards a typical gastronomic product.
3
Fernández Pinto, Manuela. "Scientific ignorance: Probing the limits of scientific research and knowledge production." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 34, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.19329.
Abstract:
The aim of the paper is to clarify the concept of scientific ignorance: what is it, what are its sources, and when is it epistemically detrimental for science. I present a taxonomy of scientific ignorance, distinguishing between intrinsic and extrinsic sources. I argue that the latter can create a detrimental epistemic gap, which have significant epistemic and social consequences. I provide three examples from medical research to illustrate this point. To conclude, I claim that while some types of scientific ignorance are inevitable and even desirable, other types of scientific ignorance are epistemically and ethically flawed and should be prevented.
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Mahmoud, Abdulmoneim. "Ignorance and Avoidance in EFL Written Production." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 4 (August 16, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i4.17533.
Abstract:
This study focuses on cases where EFL students do not produce the required words and phrases in their written production (i.e. semantic nonuse). To the best of the researcher’s knowledge no quantitative studies have been conducted so far to show the magnitude and the various reasons of nonuse. To fill this gap, this study attempts to quantify and analyze such instances with examples. Data were collected from 71 Arabic-to-English translations dome by university English majors as one of the tasks of an introductory course in translation. They wrote an essay in Modern Standard Arabic at the beginning of the semester and translated it into English at the end of it. Cases of nonuse where students did not use any English words were categorized and analyzed. The students were consulted to justify such cases. Accordingly, three reasons of nonuse were identified: (1) ignorance and perceived difficulty (65%), (2) perceived redundancy (33%), and (3) memory lapse (2%). ‘Avoidance’ accounted for words and expressions that were not produced due to difficulty and redundancy. The distinction between ‘ignorance’ and ‘avoidance’ may give language instructors a deeper insight into the learners’ production problems and help them in planning strategy-based teaching. The findings may also help researchers classify and explain cases of nonuse more rigorously.
5
Kempner, Joanna. "Post‐Truth and the Production of Ignorance." Sociological Forum 35, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12576.
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Tuana, Nancy. "The Speculum of Ignorance: The Women's Health Movement and Epistemologies of Ignorance." Hypatia 21, no. 3 (2006): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01110.x.
Abstract:
This essay aims to clarify the value of developing systematic studies of ignorance as a component of any robust theory of knowledge. The author employs feminist efforts to recover and create knowledge of women's bodies in the contemporary women's health movement as a case study for cataloging different types of ignorance and shedding light on the nature of their production. She also helps us understand the ways resistance movements can be a helpful site for understanding how to identify, critique, and transform ignorance.
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Kleinman, Daniel Lee, and Sainath Suryanarayanan. "Dying Bees and the Social Production of Ignorance." Science, Technology, & Human Values 38, no. 4 (May 3, 2012): 492–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243912442575.
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Stewart, Michelle Olsgard. "Centralizing ignorance and surprise in the production of knowledge." Metascience 21, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-011-9614-5.
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Golubinskaya, Anastasia. "Motivated Ignorance as a Philosophical Category: Theoretical and Practical Potential." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (July 2023): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2023.2.3.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the consequential model of ignorance as an epistemic state of a non-expert subject. Ignorance remains one of the least developed and ambiguous categories in contemporary philosophy and theory of knowledge. Nevertheless, motivated ignorance as one of its forms can be found everywhere in everyday life, in particular, in healthcare, consumer behavior, political preferences, and most often in legal conceptions. Generalization of life situations of motivated ignorance makes it possible to detect its manifestations as a cognitive and socially determined phenomenon. The cognitive manifestation of motivated ignorance refers to the peculiarities of experiencing situations of uncertainty, the social one – to the consequences that come as a result of accepting the knowledge. The latter follows from philosophy of law and doctrine of ignorance and specifically intentional ignorance motivated by an attempt to manage risks. Combining the experience of philosophical and legal research of ignorance with agnotology, i.e. the study of the social production of ignorance, and the epistemology of ignorance, which examines the factors of distribution of knowledge in the social system, we find that in this case ignorance is not the absence of knowledge or the lack of process of cognition per se, but the conclusion of causal reasoning about the interaction with the social environment, the result of which is the onset of undesirable consequences. The research shows that the ignorance motivation can be determined by pragmatically, existentially, altruistically, doxastically justified statements that the subject adheres to, as well as the subjects desire to choose the simplest ways to solve problems. The article notes the perspective in which such studies of ignorance seem to be an effective way to deepen our understanding of the factors of acceptance of scientific knowledge by non-expert people, in particular the need to resist the strengthening of anti-scientific beliefs in society.
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Schwarzkopf, Stefan. "Sacred Excess: Organizational Ignorance in an Age of Toxic Data." Organization Studies 41, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618815527.
Abstract:
Actors in data-intensive industries at times deliberately induce and reproduce organizational ignorance by engaging in over-production of data. This observation leads the paper to make two claims. First, members of these industries fetishize data excess not in order to reduce, but in order to reproduce and stabilize organizational ignorance. Second, in this process of fetishization, organizational ignorance gives rise to forms of collective effervescence similar to that found in totemistic religions. This effervescence allows organizational actors to draw defining lines around that which is marked as awe-inspiring, dangerous and off-limits, namely the sacred. In reviewing organizational ignorance from the perspective of the sacred, this paper proposes that, paradoxically, contemporary forms of data creation allow companies and industries to organize themselves around ignorance as opposed to the promise of knowledge and insight. The paper uses this theoretical proposal in order to outline the contours of an alternative ontology of organizational ignorance, one that understands this phenomenon in terms of excessive presence of data and information.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ignorance production":
1
Féron, Aurélien. "Persistance biochimique et récalcitrance politique. Enquête socio-historique sur les résurgences multiscalaires d’un problème environnemental et sanitaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH135.
Abstract:
Synthétisés massivement à partir des années 1930, les PCB (polychlorobiphényles) sont de ces substances chimiques dont l’utilisation a été progressivement interdite à l’échelle mondiale pour des raisons sanitaires, après des décennies de production industrielle et d’usages divers aussi bien dans l’industrie que dans des produits de consommation courante dans les bureaux et les maisons. Ils sont décrits depuis la fin des années 1960 comme un polluant omniprésent dans l’environnement, s’accumulant dans les corps des êtres vivants, toxique, « persistant » (qui – où qu’il se trouve – ne se dégrade pas ou peu au fil du temps), et dont on ne sait aujourd’hui encore se débarrasser qu’en l’incinérant à très haute température. Cette famille de molécules a fait l’objet de nombreuses actions politiques dès le début des années 1970 : non seulement la production et l’utilisation de ces substances ont été progressivement interdites mais des dispositifs réglementaires et des filières industrielles ont été développés pour procéder à leur élimination.Cette thèse étudie comment des dommages, des problèmes, des dangers et des risques ont été associés aux PCB et comment tout ceci a été géré. Or, dans cette perspective, la contamination du monde par ces substances apparaît, au fil des cinq dernières décennies, comme un problème récalcitrant : la multiplication de dispositifs techniques et politiques visant à gérer les (potentiels) effets néfastes des PCB n’a pas suffi à éviter que de nouveaux problèmes n’émergent et que certains types de problèmes déjà pris en charge par le passé ne resurgissent.A partir d’archives, d’entretiens semi-directifs et de documents collectés en ligne, cette thèse pose d’abord quelques jalons pour une histoire transnationale de la qualification et de la gestion des enjeux sanitaires et environnementaux liés aux PCB depuis le début de leur production industrielle en 1929. Elle s’intéresse ensuite plus particulièrement à trois "affaires" survenues en France, entre le milieu des années 1980 et aujourd’hui, au cours desquelles les PCB, à partir de problématisations locales, ont suscité l’intervention de différents acteurs, notamment des scientifiques, des associations et des pouvoirs publics. Elle éclaire ainsi les dynamiques scientifiques, techniques, industrielles, sociales et politiques qui, au-delà du consensus au sein de la communauté scientifique sur la persistance biochimique de ces composés, ont fait la récalcitrance politique du "problème PCB" au fil des décenniesMassively synthesized from the 1930s, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) are among the chemicals whose uses have been progressively banned at the global scale for sanitary reasons, after many decades of industrial production and varied usages in industry as well as in commodities into offices and households. They have been described since the end of the 1960s as an omnipresent pollutant in the environment, accumulating in the bodies of living organisms, toxic, "persistent" (which – wherever it is – does not, or almost not, degrade over time), and which can be eliminated only by incineration at a very high temperature. These chemicals have been the subject of numerous political actions since the early 1970s: not only have the production and use of these substances been progressively banned, but regulatory devices and industrial sectors have been developed to carry their elimination out.This thesis examines how damages, problems, hazards and risks have been associated with PCBs and how all these have been managed. In this perspective, the world contamination by these substances appears, over the last five decades, as a recalcitrant problem: the multiplication of technical and political devices that have aimed at managing the (potential) adverse effects of PCBs have not prevent new problems from arising and certain types of problems already tackled in the past from resurfacing.Based on archives, interviews and documents collected online, this thesis first sets some milestones for a transnational history of the qualification and management of health and environmental issues related to PCBs since the beginning of their industrial production in 1929. It then focuses on three "cases" in France, between the mid-1980s and today, during which PCBs, from local problematization, prompted interventions of different actors, including scientists, associations and public authorities. Thus, it sheds light on scientific, technical, industrial, social and political dynamics that, beyond the consensus in scientific community on the biochemical persistence of these compounds, have made the political recalcitrance of the "PCB problem" over decades
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Ducourant, Sam. "Bien-être en cage : normes juridiques, disciplines scientifiques et système technique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLE007.
Abstract:
Le bien-être animal est le nom d’une tension entre production de normes et production de connaissances. En étudiant ses mobilisations dans les interactions entre science, politique et élevage industriel, cette thèse met en lumière les opérateurs concrets du dispositif de pouvoir qu’est l’exploitation des non-humain·es. Pour écrire l’histoire des cages de batterie, du début du XXe siècle aux années 1980, elle présente des archives inédites et variées, toujours aux points de contact entre la science et son monde (archives institutionnelles, rapports techniques, publications scientifiques, journaux à grands tirages, textes de lois, brevets, réglementations industrielles). Elle décrit la constitution des disciplines du bien-être animal, c’est-à-dire à la fois leur histoire, les éléments et relations qui les constituent, et les règles qui les régissent. La distinction entre production de normes, de connaissances et de marchandises est remise en question : elles fonctionnent ensemble comme opérateurs de l’exploitation des non-humain·es, et leurs points de contact sont autant de possibles contre-pouvoirsAnimal welfare is the name of a tension between the production of norms and the production of knowledge. Through the study of the interactions between science, politics and factory farming, this dissertation sheds light on the concrete operators of non-human exploitation, conceptualized as a power system (dispositif). To write the history of battery cages from the early 20th century to the 1980s, I go through a wide range of unpublished archives, hubs between science and its world (institutional archives, technical reports, scientific publications, masscirculation newspapers, legal texts, patents, industrial regulations). I describe the constitution of animal welfare disciplines, i.e. their history, the elements and relationships that make them up, and the rules that govern them. I question the distinction between norm, knowledge and commodities production : they work together as operators of animal exploitation, but could possibly act as counterweights against it
3
Chang, Fung-Ming, and 張鳳鳴. "The report of a history-education documentary film production with the case of“100 Years of Chinese－Between Ignorance and Enlightenment ”." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13541410587971209385.
Abstract:
碩士世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
100
I have stepped into television business for more than 30 years since I had graduated from the Mass Communication program at Fu-Jen University. I have ever been worked as an executive producer, playwright, director and producer and also have been nominated by various awards for many times. Except the career path, the reason why I would devote myself to working for television business for such a long time is I have always fascinated by the charm and power of the business, so that I could invest my lifetime energy and passion into it without being tired of. After all the achievements and accomplishment from long-term efforts, I expected to have a project with my profound experience and aspiration accumulated. Then, I had the chance to join the production of “100 Years of Chinese－Between Ignorance and Enlightenment.” The year of 2011, which was the 100th anniversary of the Revolution of 1911, allows us to look back the path we have taken, and those 100 years is a precious. At the moment, it is necessary to have all the Chinese people from cross-Straight and all over the world to search for the identification and look forward the future direction from a reflection of a documentary. And it had inspired me to initiate the idea of“100 Years of Chinese－Between Ignorance and Enlightenment.” There are two core idea of “100 Years of Chinese－Between Ignorance and Enlightenment”– first, a discussion of ignorance and enlightenment of revival of nationhood and the modernization progress of Chinese society in the past 100 years; second, through history, to realize all Chinese people are one community with all the happiness and sorrow happened in the past 100 years. Cooperation would be a kind of enlightenment, and conflict would be a kind of ignorance; being enlightened would be a fortune, however, being ignorant would be a disaster. With this recognition, I expect to help Chinese people from cross-Straight and all over the world to reflect the road we have been to and represent the truth of we are all together one community. If we choose to respect and help each other, and move forward to administrating together, the next 100 years will have brighter sunshine than cold storm.
Books on the topic "Ignorance production":
1
Dilley, Roy, and Thomas G. Kirsch. Regimes of ignorance: Anthropological perspectives on the production and reproduction of non-knowledge. New York: Berghahn Books, 2015.
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Kirsch, Thomas G., and Roy Dilley. Regimes of Ignorance: Anthropological Perspectives on the Production and Reproduction of Non-Knowledge. Berghahn Books, Incorporated, 2017.
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Carrier, Martin, and Janet Kourany. Science and the Production of Ignorance: When the Quest for Knowledge Is Thwarted. MIT Press, 2020.
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Carrier, Martin, and Janet Kourany. Science and the Production of Ignorance - When the Quest for Knowledge Is Thwarted. MIT Press, 2020.
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Carrier, Martin, and Janet Kourany. Science and the Production of Ignorance: When the Quest for Knowledge Is Thwarted. MIT Press, 2020.
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Martín, Paul. Sanctioned Ignorance: The Politics of Knowledge Production and the Teaching of the Literatures of Canada. University of Alberta Press, 2013.
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Martin, Paul. Sanctioned Ignorance: The Politics of Knowledge Production and the Teaching of the Literatures of Canada. University of Alberta Press, 2013.
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Martín, Paul. Sanctioned Ignorance: The Politics of Knowledge Production and the Teaching of the Literatures of Canada. University of Alberta Press, 2013.
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Simonton, Dean Keith. Spontaneity in Evolution, Learning, Creativity, and Free Will. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.21.
Abstract:
This chapter proposes that spontaneous variation has a central role in biological evolution, operant conditioning, creative thinking, and personal agency. But to support these advantageous outcomes, this spontaneity must be joined with some selection process or procedure that decides which alleles, behaviors, ideas, or choices are most adaptive or useful. The argument begins with spontaneous variations in evolutionary theory, and then turns to operant conditioning, with emphasis on the origins of spontaneous behaviors. That analysis leads directly to a discussion that introduces a three-parameter definition of both creativity and sightedness, two concepts that provide the foundation for the blind-variation and selective-retention model of creativity. The latter is then linked with the chance-then-choice theory of free will, a linkage that makes spontaneous choice generation the first of two steps leading to personal agency. In all four phenomena, spontaneity is defined as the production of variants in ignorance of their actual utilities.
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Nathan, Marco J. Black Boxes. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095482.001.0001.
Abstract:
Textbooks and other popular venues commonly present science as a progressive “brick-by-brick” accumulation of knowledge and facts. Despite its hallowed history and familiar ring, this depiction is nowadays rejected by most specialists. Then why are books and articles, written by these same experts, actively promoting such a distorted characterization? The short answer is that no better alternative is available. There currently are two competing models of the scientific enterprise: reductionism and antireductionism. Neither provides an accurate depiction of the productive interaction between knowledge and ignorance, supplanting the old metaphor of the “wall” of knowledge. This book explores an original conception of the nature and advancement of science. The proposed shift brings attention to a prominent, albeit often neglected, construct—the black box—which underlies a well-oiled technique for incorporating a productive role of ignorance and failure into the acquisition of empirical knowledge. What is a black box? How does it work? How is it constructed? How does one determine what to include and what to leave out? What role do boxes play in contemporary scientific practice? By detailing some fascinating episodes in the history of biology, psychology, and economics, Nathan revisits foundational questions about causation, explanation, emergence, and progress, showing how the insights of both reductionism and antireductionism can be reconciled into a fresh and exciting approach to science.
Book chapters on the topic "Ignorance production":
1
Faber, Malte, and John L. R. Proops. "An Anatomy of Surprise and Ignorance." In Evolution, Time, Production and the Environment, 107–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03624-2_7.
2
Dymock, Alex. "Spectacular Law and Order: Photography, Social Harm, and the Production of Ignorance." In Ignorance, Power and Harm, 189–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97343-2_9.
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Wehling, Peter. "The Right not to Know and the Dynamics of Biomedical Knowledge Production." In Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies, 234–43. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003100607-26.
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Boullier, Henri, Jean-Paul Gaudillière, Boris Hauray, and Emmanuel Henry. "Conflict of interest, capture, production of ignorance, and hegemony." In Conflict of Interest and Medicine, 219–38. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003161035-11.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in the High Commission Territories: Basutoland and Swaziland: 1912–2005." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 231–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_9.
Abstract:
AbstractBasutoland came under British rule in the late nineteenth century. By the 1930s, the Territory’s transformation into a labour reserve for South Africa’s mines decimated its food production, impoverished its population and brought about a TB epidemic. The mines paid uneconomic wages and refused to pay compensation for occupational injury. In addition to those repatriated with tuberculosis or silicosis, the mines produced such a steady stream of sick and injured workers that mine accidents constituted the largest single cause of disability amongst men of working age.Swaziland was the smallest of the three protectorates. Land alienation to white settlers under British concessions meant that by the early 1930s, the territory produced only a fifth of its food needs. As in the other HCTs, tax collection and occupational lung disease posed serious problems. However, commercial agriculture and large deposits of asbestos generated local employment and foreign exchange and made Swaziland less dependent on migrant wages.In each of the HCTs, migrant workers faced even greater barriers in accessing compensation for occupational injury than black South Africans did. No circulars or instructions on the subject had been issued, miners were unaware of their rights, local officials did not understand the application process and travel to Johannesburg for medical examinations was not feasible for men who were dying. In all, the lack of medical capacity, the ongoing refusal to pay pensions to injured miners and the systematic failure to collect health statistics made the extent of the risk invisible. While the situation improved somewhat after independence, the mining industry continued to displace the burden of disability onto households and local communities.
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Gacek, James, and Richard Jochelson. "Doctoring, Distorting, Denying, Doubting: Ignorance Production in the Age of Agnosis." In Justice in the Age of Agnosis, 3–16. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54354-8_1.
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Slater, Tom. "Housing Activism Against the Production of Ignorance: Some Lessons from the UK." In Contested Cities and Urban Activism, 49–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1730-9_3.
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Lawrence, Rebecca. "Rehabilitating Ranger uranium mine: scientific uncertainty, deep futures and the production of ignorance." In The Politics of 21st Century Environmental Disasters, 49–69. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003394952-4.
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Dennie, Martine. "“You Just Roll with the Punches”: The Production of Ignorance in Professional Ice Hockey." In Justice in the Age of Agnosis, 19–43. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54354-8_2.
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Hoeyer, Klaus, and Brit Ross Winthereik. "Knowing, Unknowing, and Re-knowing." In The Palgrave Handbook of the Anthropology of Technology, 217–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7084-8_11.
Abstract:
AbstractMost technologies are knowledge-intensive, and contemporary knowledge production is often technology-intensive. Hence, knowledge practices are a central theme for a handbook for the anthropology of technology. Knowledge about knowing has mostly been considered a branch of philosophy or alternatively of theology. In this section we argue that the study of knowledge practices is part of both the foundation of the anthropological discipline and its future as we attend to technology-mediated forms of knowing, unknowing, and re-knowing. The section highlights the variations and multiplicities of knowing. It shows that studying knowledge and forms of knowing implies exploring forms of unknowing and ignorance. The seven contributions to this section present research on processes through which knowledge is made, what becomes silenced in the process, and how anthropology often holds a special role in bringing such lost insights or alternative forms of knowing back into the light. Each of the chapters presents a unique take on human engagement with knowledge and technologies of knowing, thereby continuing a long tradition of studying the production of knowledge as socially embedded and materially ingrained.
Conference papers on the topic "Ignorance production":
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Kharaishvili, Eter, Ia Natsvlishvili, and Nino Lobzhanidze. "PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (CASE OF GEORGIA)." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s04.049.
Abstract:
The paper analyzes the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the development of Georgian economy. It is justified that the development of effective mechanisms of public procurement in this type of enterprises will greatly contribute to the growth of GDP, as well as play an important role in the structural change of the economy, in the formation of a competitive environment, in the development of private entrepreneurship, in the modernization of the consumer market and in solving socio-economic problems. The contribution of public procurement to GDP growth is studied using several key indicators: awareness of public procurement, level of involvement in public procurement, funds management, tax procedures, access to relevant information and data, security. The work is done using the bibliographic and empirical research methodology. Analysis, synthesis, induction and other methods are used to determine data selection, grouping, similarities and differences. Quantitative and qualitative research has been conducted to identify challenges and evaluations according to procurement indicators; Through meetings with focus groups, procurement barriers are specified, directions for service improvement are determined. The research examines the experience of the leading states in public procurement in small and medium-sized enterprises, and analyzes the procurement support programs and services. It is concluded that the search for challenges in public procurement in small and medium-sized enterprises in Georgia should be conducted taking into account the examples and experience of successful countries in the field of public procurement. According to the bibliographic and quantitative research, the main challenges of public procurement in small and medium-sized have been identified: information uncertainty, lack of tender preparation skills, less access to electronic tenders, lack of electronic platforms, ignorance of procurement procedures, time-consuming and strict procurement process, and others. In addition, the factors of information uncertainty and inability are considered to be the main challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises in Georgia. The article proposes the possibilities of strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises with local production support mechanisms through state procurement. The following questions are answered: how it will facilitate access to public procurement opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises, how it will improve the general economic environment, how much it will facilitate access to resources and fair competition, how much it will ensure inclusive and sustainable development of the economy.
2
Talluri, Aishwarya. "Spatial planning and design for food security. Building Positive Rural-urban Linkages." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rymx6371.
Abstract:
Food is vital for human survival. Food has had a significant impact on our built environment since the beginning of human life. The process of feeding oneself was most people’s primary job for the greater part of human history. Urban Migration moved people away from rural and natural landscapes on which they had been dependent for food and other amenities for centuries.1 Emergence of the cities leads to a new paradigm where the consumers get their food from rural hinterland where the main production of food products happens2 . In a globalized world with an unprecedented on-going process of urbanization, There is an ever reducing clarity between urban and rural, the paper argues that the category of the urban & rural as a spatial and morphological descriptor has to be reformulated, calling for refreshing, innovating and formulating the way in which urban and rural resource flows happen. India is projected to be more than 50% urban by 2050 (currently 29%). The next phase of economic and social development will be focused on urbanization of its rural areas. This 50 %, which will impact millions of people, will not come from cities, but from the growth of rural towns and small cities. Urbanization is accelerated through Government schemes such as JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ) , PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana), 100 smart cities challenge, Rurban Mission are formulated with developmental mindset. The current notions of ‘development’ are increasing travel distances, fuels consumption, food imports, deterioration of biodiversity, pollution, temperatures, cost of living. The enormity of the issue is realized when the cumulative effect of all cities is addressed. Urban biased development becomes an ignorant choice, causing the death of rural and deterioration of ecological assets. Most people live in places that are distant from production fields have been observed as an increasing trend. Physical separation of people from food production has resulted in a degree of indifference about where and how food is produced, making food a de-contextualized market product as said by Halweil, 20023 . The resulting Psychological separation of people from the food supply and the impacts this may have on long term sustainability of food systems. Methodology : . Sharing the learning about planning for food security through Field surveys, secondary and tertiary sources. Based on the study following parameters : 1. Regional system of water 2. Landforms 3. Soil type 4. Transportation networks 5. Historical evolution 6. Urban influences A case study of Delhi, India, as a site to study a scenario that can be an alternative development model for the peri-urban regions of the city. To use the understanding of spatial development and planning to formulate guidelines for sustainable development of a region that would foster food security.
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Liu, Y., V. Dokhani, Y. Ma, H. Miao, and S. Zamiran. "Effects of Dynamic Surge Pressure on Wellbore Stability." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0164.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT This study presents a coupled poroelastodynamic model for wellbore stability analysis considering the effects of tripping operation and the flow communication between wellbore and formation. First, a transient hydraulic model is developed based on transient pressure propagation in the wellbore to predict the generated surge pressures during tripping operation. The transient hydraulic model is transformed into ordinary differential equations using the method of characteristics and is finally solved through the finite difference method. Then, the results are coupled with a wellbore stability model to include the effect of wellbore pressure variation with time. The developed transient hydraulic model is validated through comparisons with available field data and modeling results in the literature. Comparing the surge pressure predictions of the model with field data indicates a consistent and accurate prediction of the transient surge pressure. The results further show that a maximum surge pressure can be expected before approaching an equilibrium surge pressure, which could not be predicted by the previous surge models due to ignorance of the acceleration terms. The total radial and tangential stresses are calculated and shown to vary versus time. The results indicate that the induced pressure initially rises to a maximum value and then decays with time, but the maximum value is not necessarily always at the wellbore wall. The results of tensile and shear failure analysis indicate time-dependent failures can occur in the vicinity of the borehole depending on the magnitude of the tripping velocity. INTRODUCTION Tripping is a frequent operation that is running pipes into or out of a well for different reasons, e.g., replacing a dull bit, replacing bottom hole assembly, running logging tools, running casings or liners, and wellbore conditioning. It has long been known that the tripping operation can induce surge or swab pressure if running into or out of the well, respectively. In fact, the axial movement of a drill string, like a piston, in the wellbore results in pressure perturbations. Pioneer studies such as Cannon (1934) and Goins et al. (1951) show that a high tripping velocity can cause drilling problems such as formation fracture or gas kicks. The magnitude of surge pressures typically may not exceed the safe pressure limit in most wells. However, there are critical wells such as deep wells or depleted reservoirs where the surge and swab pressures shall be maintained within a narrow pressure limit. Although a low tripping velocity can avoid borehole problems, such practice will ultimately increase the Non-Productive Time (NPT) and hence the total drilling cost. Accurate prediction of surge and swab pressures helps to find the maximum allowable tripping speed and reduce the NPT, which all optimize the drilling performance. In the first part of this study, a very brief review of fundamental studies about surge/swab modeling and associated wellbore stability concerns is presented.
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Chida, Aakifa. "Contrarrestar la islamofobia para crear un cambio positivo global." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.117.g183.
Abstract:
Los efectos de los prejuicios antimusulmanes han alcanzado una escala mundial, con más de 1.900 millones de musulmanes afectados todos los días. El diseño de la comunicación puede contrarrestar este sesgo comunicando mensajes que llamen la atención y eviten que estos sentimientos se conviertan en formas peligrosas de odio. El odio se incita a través de un patrón de ignorancia y desinformación. Se requiere un cambio en la raíz del problema para romper el ciclo y crear un cambio en las actitudes y el comportamiento. Esto se puede lograr mediante la educación y la sensibilización. “Este aumento de la islamofobia es un subproducto de experiencias históricas, alimentado contemporáneamente por los intereses económicos y políticos de individuos y organizaciones”. La comunicación es una herramienta que se utiliza a menudo en el contexto de la educación y el activismo. A medida que las redes sociales y digitales continúan aumentando, el diseño gráfico y el lenguaje que lo acompaña a menudo se convierten en verdaderos impulsores en segundo plano. El diseño se puede utilizar para contrarrestar la islamofobia, centrándose en cambiar la mentalidad y la educación para desacreditar los estereotipos que se producen como resultado de la tergiversación en los medios de comunicación y la política. Al enfocarse en cambiar estas mentalidades, puede ocurrir un cambio en las acciones consecuentes. El diseño de información se puede utilizar con el propósito de comunicar la gravedad de un problema. Mediante el uso de estadísticas, infografías, hechos e historias vividas bien diseñados, los datos se vuelven más efectivos, personales y más fáciles de asimilar. Al centrarse en las diferentes capas de la islamofobia, el diseño puede arrojar luz sobre cuestiones complejas, que van desde el prejuicio hasta el genocidio abierto. El uso de un lenguaje visual poderoso, junto con la sensibilidad estética, puede apuntar a la empatía de los espectadores, haciéndoles pensar en sus propias opiniones. La creación de recursos que aborden la variedad de formas que puede adoptar la islamofobia llegará a los agentes de cambio actuales y futuros de la manera que sea más relevante para ellos. Este movimiento puede tener lugar a través de entregables productos diseñados que existen en el ámbito digital al mismo tiempo, ya que los medios en línea juegan un papel importante en el activismo y la conciencia del siglo XXI. La divulgación es fundamental para una campaña de concienciación, ya que la islamofobia no se limita a un momento o lugar determinados. A través de las redes sociales, el mensaje puede llegar a una amplia gama de usuarios de una manera fácil de acceder y compartir. Este proyecto de diseño orientado a la práctica utilizará los métodos de investigación, experimentación y productos de diseño de comunicación para abordar el pensamiento, el comportamiento, las acciones y las consecuencias detrás de la islamofobia, en un esfuerzo por dar un paso hacia un cambio global positivo.
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Gurbuz, Mustafa. "PERFORMING MORAL OPPOSITION: MUSINGS ON THE STRATEGY AND IDENTITY IN THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/hzit2119.
Abstract:
This paper investigates the Gülen movement’s repertoires of action in order to determine how it differs from traditional Islamic revivalist movements and from the so-called ‘New Social Movements’ in the Western world. Two propositions lead the discussion: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against the perceived threat of a trio of enemies, as Nursi named them a century ago – ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to understanding the apolitical mind-set of the Gülen movement’s fol- lowers. Second, unlike the confrontational New Social Movements, the Gülen movement has engaged in ‘moral opposition’, in which the movement’s actors seek to empathise with the adversary by creating (what Bakhtin calls) ‘dialogic’ relationships. ‘Moral opposition’ has enabled the movement to be more alert strategically as well as more productive tactically in solving the everyday practical problems of Muslims in Turkey. A striking example of this ‘moral opposition’ was witnessed in the Merve Kavakci incident in 1999, when the move- ment tried to build bridges between the secular and Islamist camps, while criticising and educating both parties during the post-February 28 period in Turkey. In this way the Gülen movement’s performance of opposition can contribute new theoretical and practical tools for our understanding of social movements. 104 | P a g e Recent works on social movements have criticized the longstanding tradition of classify- ing social movement types as “strategy-oriented” versus “identity-oriented” (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Rucht 1988) and “identity logic of action” versus “instrumentalist logic of ac- tion” (Duyvendak and Giugni 1995) by regarding identities as a key element of a move- ment’s strategic and tactical repertoire (see Bernstein 1997, 2002; Gamson 1997; Polletta 1998a; Polletta and Jasper 2001; Taylor and Van Dyke 2004). Bifurcation of identity ver- sus strategy suggests the idea that some movements target the state and the economy, thus, they are “instrumental” and “strategy-oriented”; whereas some other movements so-called “identity movements” challenge the dominant cultural patterns and codes and are considered “expressive” in content and “identity-oriented.” New social movement theorists argue that identity movements try to gain recognition and respect by employing expressive strategies wherein the movement itself becomes the message (Touraine 1981; Cohen 1985; Melucci 1989, 1996). Criticizing these dualisms, some scholars have shown the possibility of different social movement behaviour under different contextual factors (e.g. Bernstein 1997; Katzenstein 1998). In contrast to new social movement theory, this work on the Gülen movement indi- cates that identity movements are not always expressive in content and do not always follow an identity-oriented approach; instead, identity movements can synchronically be strategic as well as expressive. In her article on strategies and identities in Black Protest movements during the 1960s, Polletta (1994) criticizes the dominant theories of social movements, which a priori assume challengers’ unified common interests. Similarly, Jenkins (1983: 549) refers to the same problem in the literature by stating that “collective interests are assumed to be relatively unproblematic and to exist prior to mobilization.” By the same token, Taylor and Whittier (1992: 104) criticize the longstanding lack of explanation “how structural inequality gets translated into subjective discontent.” The dominant social movement theory approaches such as resource mobilization and political process regard these problems as trivial because of their assumption that identities and framing processes can be the basis for interests and further collective action but cannot change the final social movement outcome. Therefore, for the proponents of the mainstream theories, identities of actors are formed in evolutionary processes wherein social movements consciously frame their goals and produce relevant dis- courses; yet, these questions are not essential to explain why collective behaviour occurs (see McAdam, McCarthy, and Zald 1996). This reductionist view of movement culture has been criticized by a various number of scholars (e.g. Goodwin and Jasper 1999; Polletta 1997, 1999a, 1999b; Eyerman 2002). In fact, the debate over the emphases (interests vis-à-vis identities) is a reflection of the dissent between American and European sociological traditions. As Eyerman and Jamison (1991: 27) note, the American sociologists focused on “the instrumentality of movement strategy formation, that is, on how movement organizations went about trying to achieve their goals,” whereas the European scholars concerned with the identity formation processes that try to explain “how movements produced new historical identities for society.” Although the social movement theorists had recognized the deficiencies within each approach, the attempts to synthesize these two traditions in the literature failed to address the empirical problems and methodological difficulties. While criticizing the mainstream American collective behaviour approaches that treat the collective identities as given, many leading European scholars fell into a similar trap by a 105 | P a g e priori assuming that the collective identities are socio-historical products rather than cog- nitive processes (see, for instance, Touraine 1981). New Social Movement (NSM) theory, which is an offshoot of European tradition, has lately been involved in the debate over “cog- nitive praxis” (Eyerman and Jamison 1991), “signs” (Melucci 1996), “identity as strategy” (Bernstein 1997), protest as “art” (Jasper 1997), “moral performance” (Eyerman 2006), and “storytelling” (Polletta 2006). In general, these new formulations attempt to bring mental structures of social actors and symbolic nature of social action back in the study of collec- tive behaviour. The mental structures of the actors should be considered seriously because they have a potential to change the social movement behaviours, tactics, strategies, timing, alliances and outcomes. The most important failure, I think, in the dominant SM approaches lies behind the fact that they hinder the possibility of the construction of divergent collective identities under the same structures (cf. Polletta 1994: 91). This study investigates on how the Gülen movement differed from other Islamic social move- ments under the same structural factors that were realized by the organized opposition against Islamic activism after the soft coup in 1997. Two propositions shall lead my discussion here: First, unlike many Islamic revivalist movements, the Gülen movement shaped its identity against perceived threat of the triple enemies, what Nursi defined a century ago: ignorance, disunity, and poverty. This perception of the opposition is crucial to grasp non-political men- tal structures of the Gülen movement followers. Second, unlike the confrontational nature of the new social movements, the Gülen movement engaged in a “moral opposition,” in which the movement actors try to empathize with the enemy by creating “dialogic” relationships.
Reports on the topic "Ignorance production":
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Needs and risks facing the Indonesian youth population. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1049.
Abstract:
Youth are the leaders of tomorrow, but right now they face a formidable collection of problems that will determine the quality of their future lives and the lives of us all. Education, jobs, substance abuse, violence, sexuality, and marriage are examples of adolescent issues that demand special attention from researchers, youth activists and advocates, parents, and policymakers. In attempting to address these complex issues, we must be willing to confront ignorance, controversy, and cultural obstacles. Clear and focused policy and strategies must play a basic role in tackling these issues facing Indonesian adolescents. This paper provides a concise situation analysis of youth in Indonesia, focusing mainly on issues of sexuality and reproductive health, and describes current and future planned efforts by various governmental departments to deal with these issues. The paper also includes a set of recommendations for the priorities and focus of future initiatives to effectively reduce the risks faced by youth and to increase their chances of becoming educated, productive, healthy, and fulfilled members of society.