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1
Iodice, Paolo, and Massimo Cardone. "Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 4034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134034.
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Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.
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Bade Shrestha, S. O., and Ghazi A. Karim. "The Operational Mixture Limits in Engines Fueled With Alternative Gaseous Fuels." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 128, no. 3 (April 3, 2006): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2266267.
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The operation of engines whether spark ignition or compression ignition on a wide range of alternative gaseous fuels when using lean mixtures can offer in principle distinct advantages. These include better economy, reduced emissions, and improved engine operational life. However, there are distinct operational mixture limits below which acceptable steady engine performance cannot be sustained. These mixture limits are usually described as the “lean operational limits,” or loosely as the ignition limits which are a function of various operational and design parameters for the engine and fuel used. Relatively simple approximate procedures are described for predicting the operational mixture limits for both spark ignition and dual fuel compression ignition engines when using a range of common gaseous fuels such as natural gas/methane, propane, hydrogen, and some of their mixtures. It is shown that good agreement between predicted and corresponding experimental values can be obtained for a range of operating conditions for both types of engines.
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Vallejo Maldonado, Pablo Ramon, Sergey Devyanin, Vladimir Markov, Vsevolod Neverov, Matvey Shlenov, and Larisa Spiridonova. "Bio-fuel ignition delay research." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 06025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339006025.
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The relevance of this study is due to the need to replace petroleum diesel fuel with motor fuels obtained from alternative raw materials. Rapeseed oil and ethyl alcohol are considered as promising alternative fuels. The use of these biofuels as a motor fuel makes it possible to solve the problem of reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and switch to carbon-neutral energy. The possibility of using mixtures of these fuels as motor fuel for a diesel engine is considered. Poor flammability of these fuels in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine was noted. The created installation allowing to carry out experimental studies of the ignition delay period of various fuels for diesel engines in the conditions of the engine stand is described. Four types of fuel were studied at this installation – petroleum diesel fuel, rapeseed oil, an emulsion of rapeseed oil and ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 90:10 and an emulsion of rapeseed oil and ethyl alcohol in a ratio of 70:30. The kinetic constants of ignition of these fuels have been determined. A significant dependence of the duration of the ignition delay period on the type of fuel used was noted.
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Chen, Sirui, Yichen Deng, Zhuojun Ma, and Yujing Zhang. "Research on the Control Mode of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion Working Process and Its Technical Prospect." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012086.
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Abstract The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is considered an advanced technique, a form of internal combustion in which well-mixed fuel and oxidizer (typically air) are compressed to the point of auto-ignition. HCCI engines have higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions than Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines. The emissions of NOx can be neglected compared to the CI engine. In addition, a wide variety of fuels, combinations of fuels and alternative fuels can be used in this type of internal combustion engine. Moreover, when investigating the heat release rate of a HCCI engine for both single- and two-stage ignition fuels, the results show that for both fuel types, the cycle changes in the ignition and combustion phases increase with the delay of the combustion phase. Also, the cycle change of iso-octane (the single-stage ignition fuel) is higher than that of PRF80 (the two-stage ignition fuel). This paper will first introduce the control mode of the HCCI engine and then review its current status from the perspective of combustion, emissions, and consumption. After presenting the current status, the authors present suggestions about the prospect of further development with respect to the timing of ignition, the expansion of the engine operating range, and the choice of fuel mixture in this new mode of technology.
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Tanwar, Manju Dhakad, Felipe Andrade Torres, Ali Mubarak Alqahtani, Pankaj Kumar Tanwar, Yashas Bhand, and Omid Doustdar. "Promising Bioalcohols for Low-Emission Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020597.
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In recent decades, many kinds of research have been conducted on alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines. Low/zero-carbon fuels, such as bioalcohols and hydrogen, are the most promising alternative fuels and are extensively studied because of their availability, ease of manufacturing, and environmental benefits. Using these promising fuels in CI engines is environmentally and economically beneficial. The most common alcohols are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, iso-butanol, and pentanol. The primary objective of this review paper is to examine the impact of bioalcohols and their blends with conventional diesel fuel in CI engines since these fuels possess characteristic properties that impact overall engine performance and exhaust emissions. This research also indicated that alcohols and blended fuels could be used as fuels in compression ignition engines. Chemical and physical properties of alcohols were examined, such as lubricity, viscosity, calorific value, and cetane number, and their combustion characteristics in compression ignition engines provide a comprehensive review of their potential biofuels as alternative fuels.
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Sharudin, Hazim, Nik Rosli Abdullah, A. M. I. Mamat, N. H. Badrulhisam, and Rizalman Mamat. "Application of Alcohol Fuel Properties in Spark Ignition Engine: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, no. 7 (November 30, 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(7)-05.
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Rapid depletion of petroleum resources had raised the awareness of reducing the dependency on the fossil fuels by means of alternative fuels. Alcohols had emerged as the most competitive candidate among the well-known alternative fuels because it can be produced from renewable resources such as waste material. Some of the examples of alcohols are methanol, ethanol, and butanol. Each of these alcohols has the capability for its utilization in vehicles due to its cheap price than the other alcohol and has similar chemical properties to gasoline and diesel. Currently, only few research papers had discussed the alcohol fuel properties in the collective form of information including adverse effect of alcohol fuel usages and its responses in spark ignition engine performance and emissions. Therefore, this paper is focusing on the physical and chemical properties of alcohol fuels with recent literature data specifically for spark ignition engines. In addition, the usages on the properties of alcohol fuel to the current available spark ignition engine will also be review in this paper. Advantages and disadvantages of alcohol fuel usages are also summarized. This review indicates that continuous research and development still need to be done especially on alcohol fuel properties as it will give greater engine performance and better emissions.
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Niculescu, Rodica, Adrian Clenci, and Victor Iorga-Siman. "Review on the Use of Diesel–Biodiesel–Alcohol Blends in Compression Ignition Engines." Energies 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071194.
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The use of alternative fuels contributes to the lowering of the carbon footprint of the internal combustion engine. Biofuels are the most important kinds of alternative fuels. Currently, thanks to the new manufacturing processes of biofuels, there is potential to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, compared to fossil fuels, on a well-to-wheel basis. Amongst the most prominent alternative fuels to be used in mixtures/blends with fossil fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines are biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol. With this perspective, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel blends in compression ignition (CI) engines. Many studies have been conducted to assess the impacts of biodiesel use on engine operation. The addition of alcohols such as methanol and ethanol is also practised in biodiesel–diesel blends, due to their miscibility with the pure biodiesel. Alcohols improve the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel–diesel blends, which lead to improved CI engine operation. This review paper discusses some results of recent studies on biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol production, their physicochemical properties, and also, on the influence of the use of diesel–biodiesel–alcohols blends in CI engines: combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions.
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Antoshkiv, O., Th Poojitganont, L. Jehring, and C. Berkholz. "Main aspects of kerosene and gaseous fuel ignition in aero-engine." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1246 (December 2017): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.113.
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ABSTRACTVarious liquid and gaseous alternative fuels have been proposed to replace the kerosene as aircraft fuel. Furthermore, new combustion technologies were developed to reduce the emissions of aero-engine. A staged fuel injection arrangement for a lean burn combustion system was applied to improve the operability of an aero-engine by achieving high flame stability at reduced combustion emissions. Originally, both circuits (pilot and main) are fuelled by kerosene; moreover, the pilot injector is operating at low power (engine idle and approach) and the pilot flame is anchored in an airflow recirculation zone. In the case of the performed research, the pilot injector was modified to allow the use of gaseous fuels. Thus, the burner model allows a flexible balancing of the mass flows for gaseous and liquid fuel. The present paper describes the investigation of ignitability for the proposed staged combustor model fuelled by gaseous and liquid fuels. A short overview on physical properties of used fuels is given. To investigate atomisation and ignition, different measurements systems were used. The effectiveness of two ignitor types (spark plug and laser ignitor) was analysed. The ignition performance of the combustor operating on various fuels was compared and discussed in detail.
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Obeid, Zuhair, Alexandru Cernat, Constantin Pana, and Niculae Negurescu. "Aspects of the bioethanol use at the turbocharged spark ignition engine." Thermal Science 19, no. 6 (2015): 1959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150212179o.
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In the actual content of pollution regulations for the automotives, the use of alternative fuels becomes a priority of the thermal engine scientific research domain. From this point of view bioethanol can represents a viable alternative fuel for spark ignition engines offering the perspective of pollutant emissions reduction and combustion improvement. The paper presents results of the experimental investigations of a turbo-supercharged spark ignition engine (developed from a natural admission spark ignition engine fuelled with gasoline) fuelled with bioethanol-gasoline blends. The engine is equipped with a turbocharger for low pressure supercharging, up till 1.4 bar. An correlation between air supercharging pressure-compression ratio-dosage-spark ignition timing-brake power is establish to avoid knocking phenomena at the engine operate regime of full load and 3000 min-1. The influences of the bioethanol on pollutant emissions level are presented.
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Gowdal, Pavan J., R. Rakshith, S. Akhilesh, Manjunath ., and Ananth S. Iyengar. "An Experimental Investigation Of Central Injection Based Hydrogen Dual Fuel Spark Ignition Engine." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 70, no. 3A (July 12, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/30685.
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Automobile industry is steadily moving away from traditional fossil fuels towards more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Alternative to traditional fuels include hydrogen, which has the potential to satisfy the current energy demand in automotive field. However, design and fabrication of engines using pure hydrogen has many technological challenges. Combination of traditional fuels and hydrogen can reduce engine emissions including hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), significant decrease in the carbon di oxide and methane. Additionally, the dual fuel engines provide the necessary savings with higher specific fuel consumption. However, dual fuel engines have a number of disadvantages such as pre-ignition, increase in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, lower brake power and reduced brake thermal efficiency. In the present study, a single cylinder 110 cc spark ignition engine is procured and is retrofitted to admit hydrogen gas at specified pressures. The engine performance is measured using a mechanical load specifically designed for the engine. Brake power, torque, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and other performance parameters are measured. The results from the engine is compared to the MATLAB model to study the inner working of the dual fuel engine to understand the pre-ignition characteristics. The results follow similar trends presented in the literature, the deviations in our study can be attributed to the type of engine selected and experimental errors. The highest increase in brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption is 15.6 % and 22.5% respectively at 3500 rpm. The CO, and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have reduced by 86%, 26% respectively and increase of 16% in NO<sub>x</sub> is observed due to increase in combustion temperature.
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Pal, Amit, and Abhishek Tiwari. "An Investigation of the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engines in Dual-Fuel Mode." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 1, no. 3 (2013): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.131311.
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Nowadays automobiles have become significantly essential to our modern life style. On the other hand, future of automobiles, built on the internal combustion engines, has been badly hit by the twin problems due to diminishing fuel supplies and environmental degradation. Thus, it is very important to identify some clean-burning, renewable, alternative fuels to ensure the safe survival of internal combustion engines. However, it is not possible to have a common alternative fuel for universal application in the existing engines that have been designed to operate on petroleum-based fuels. Towards this, scientists have proposed a range of solutions for diesel engines, one of which is the use of gaseous fuels as a complement for liquid diesel fuel. These engines, which use conventional diesel fuel and gaseous fuel, are referred to as ‘dual-fuel engines’. In this work an attempt is made to find the role of various operating parameters in optimizing engine operating and design parameters, and the effect of the type of gaseous fuel on the performance and emissions of the gas diesel engines. The ‘dual fuel concept’ is a promising technique for controlling both NOx and soot emissions even on existing diesel engine. But, HC, CO emissions and ‘bsfc’ are higher for part load gas diesel engine operations.
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Cisek, Jerzy, and Szymon Leśniak. "The Modeling of Fuel Auto-Ignition Delay and Its Verification Using Diesel Engines Fueled with Oils with Standard or Increased Cetane Numbers." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 10, 2023): 5273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145273.
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This article contains the results of mathematical modeling of the self-ignition delay (τc sum) of a single droplet for various fuels, and the results of measurement verification (τc) of this modeling in diesel engines. The result of modeling the τc sum (as a function of the diameter and ambient temperature of the fuel droplet) revealed two physical and two chemical stages that had different values of the weighting factor (WFi) in relation to the total delay of self-ignition. It was also found that the WFi values of individual phases of the self-ignition delay differed for different fuels (conventional and alternative), and in the total value of τc sum. The measured value of the self-ignition delay (τc) was determined in tests using two diesel engines (older—up to EURO II and newer generation—from EURO IV). The percentage difference in the Δτc sum value obtained from modeling two fuels with different cetane number values was compared with the percentage difference in the Δτc value for the same fuels obtained during the engine measurements. Based on this analysis, it was found that the applied calculation model of the self-ignition delay for a single fuel droplet can be used for a comparative analysis of the suitability of different fuels in the real conditions of the cylinder of a diesel engine. This publication relates to the field of mechanical engineering.
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Xue, Yun, Wu Quan Liu, and Xue Cheng Lu. "Experimental Study on LPG Composite Fuel Used on Spark Ignition Engine." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.607.
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Through researching and comparing the combustion characteristics of various gaseous fuels, this paper, based on the characteristics of gaseous fuels, proposes a LPG+H2 composite fuel scheme with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a clean alternative fuel and hydrogen (H2) as an additive fuel on LPG engine, and completes an initial experiment on the gaseous LPG+H2 composite fuel used on engine. It also explores how the air-fuel ratio, ignition timing and ignition energy of the gaseous fuel with three different levels of H2 content influence the dynamic properties and emission characteristics of the engine.
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Şahin, Yiğit Serkan. "A Review on the Ignition Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in Diesel Engines." International Conference on Recent Academic Studies 1 (May 12, 2023): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icras.694.
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This review study was gathered from the results of various papers performed on the use ofdimethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Several methods are applied for the reduction ofthe polluting emissions emitted from diesel engines. The first method for the reducing of hazardousemissions is improved the combustion by the modification of engine design and fuel injection system, butthis is expensive and time consuming process. The second method is the using of various exhaust gasdevices i.e. catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters. However, it is determined that the use of thesedevices affects diesel engine performance conversely. The last method to reduce the polluting emissionsand also improve the diesel engine performance is the using of renewable alternative fuels or various fueladditives. Among the various alternative fuels, dimethyl ether (DME) is the pioneer by reason of itsattractive fuel properties such as high cetane number and oxygen content. On the other hand, the physicaland chemical properties of the used fuel play the important role on the injection, ignition and combustioncharacteristics of internal combustion engines (ICEs). Moreover, outputs of ICEs i.e. performance, fuelconsumption and emissions are affected extensively from the ignition, injection and combustioncharacteristics. Therefore, it is essential that the results of studies performed on dimethyl ether are evaluatedtogether to support future researches and practice applications. Especially, this review study investigatesthe effects of using DME on the ignition characteristics.
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Liu, Jiahui. "Introduction of Abnormal Combustion in Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and the Detection Method." Trends in Renewable Energy 8, no. 1 (2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00136.
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As a clean, environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, hydrogen as an alternative engine fuel can greatly reduce atmospheric pollution and alleviate the shortage of oil resources, and is the most promising alternative fuel for vehicles among new fuels. However, due to its fast combustion rate and wide ignition limit, hydrogen often shows abnormal combustion phenomena (such as pre-ignition, backfire and knock), when it is used in the engine, thus affecting the performance and normal use of engines. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for the engine are summarized according to the characteristics of hydrogen. On this basis, the mechanism, influence factors and harm of abnormal combustion in the hydrogen internal combustion engine are analyzed and summarized, which provides a theoretical basis for solving abnormal combustion problems. Finally, several commonly used abnormal combustion detection methods are summarized.
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Chaichan, Miqdam Tariq. "Characterization of Lean Misfire Limits of Mixture Alternative Gaseous Fuels Used for Spark Ignition Engines." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.19.1.06.
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Increasing on gaseous fuels as clean, economical and abundant fuels encourages the search for optimum conditions of gas-fueled internal combustion engines. This paper presents the experimental results on the lean operational limits of Recardo E6 engine using gasoline, LPG, NG and hydrogen as fuels. The first appearance of almost motoring cycle was used to define the engine lean limit after the fuel flow was reduced gradually. The effects of compression ratio, engine speed and spark timing on the engine operational limits are presented and discussed in detailed. Increasing compression ratio (CR) extend the lean limits, this appears obviously with hydrogen, which has a wide range of equivalence ratios, while for hydrocarbon fuel octane number affect gasoline, so it can' t work above CR=9:1, and for LPG it reaches CR=12:1, NG reaches CR=15:1 at lean limit operation. Movement from low speeds to medium speeds extended lean misfire limits, while moving from medium to high speeds contracted the lean misfiring limits. NOx, CO and UBHC concentrations increased with CR increase for all fuels, while CO2 concentrations reduced with this increment. NOx concentration increased for medium speeds and reduced for high speeds, but the resulted concentrations were inconcedrable for these lean limits. CO and CO2 increased with engine speed increase, while UBHC reduced with this increment. The hydrogen engine runs with zero CO, CO2 and UNHC concentrations, and altra low levels of NOx concentrations at studied lean misfire limits.
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V, Jaison C., Dr M. K. Aravindan, and Dr Alok Kumar Rohit Akash Suresh. "Study on Alternative Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (October 31, 2018): 1443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18890.
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Qadiri, Ufaith, Amjad Ali Pasha, Mustafa Mutiur Rahman, Mohammed Abdul Raheem, Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel, and Subramania Nadaraja Pillai. "Parametric Investigation on Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Fueled Methanol Blends; Water-Based Micro Emulsions and Conventional Gasoline." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390327.
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In this contribution, the investigation conducted on alternative fuels includes methanol 20% blended with gasoline 80% and emulsion-based fuel with the composition of gasoline 80%, ethanol 15%, and H2O 5% are compared with 100% conventional gasoline fuel. These fueled single-cylinders spark ignition engine is studied for checking their performance and emission characteristics as per future emission norms. This work is performed on One-dimensional AVL Boost Simulation Software. The simulations predicted the performance and emission characteristics were far lesser than conventional 100% gasoline. These fuels meet the strict emission regulations of Euro VII. The main purpose of this investigation is to use alternative fuels to improve the performance and emission characteristics of the single- cylinder spark ignition engine and reduce the consumption of fossil fuel reserves. This investigation led to the conclusion that by using methanol 20% in 80% gasoline and micro-emulsion, fuel improves the power, BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption), thermal efficiency and combustion properties of the single-cylinder spark-ignition engine. The CO, HC and NOx emissions were also reduced for alternative fuel than 100% gasoline fuel. The novel water-based emulsion fuel showed the lowest value of NOx emissions as compared to blended 20% methanol with 80% gasoline and 100% gasoline fuel.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, and Andrzej SZCZOTKA. "The potential of current european light duty CNG-fuelled vehicles to meet Euro 6 requirements." Combustion Engines 151, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117018.
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Natural gas is one of the most promising alternative fuels to meet the new stringent Euro 6 emissions regulations in the European Union, as well as the planned CO2 emissions reductions. For spark-ignition (SI) engines, bi-fuel fuelling equipment is widely available and engine conversion technology for European automobiles is well established, thereby facilitating usage of CNG in this engine type. This study investigates the implications of natural gas fuelling of a passenger car featuring a spark-ignition engine regarding the possibility of meeting Euro 6 emissions limits for gaseous pollutants. This paper presents an analysis of CO, THC, NMHC, NOx and CO2 emissions during testing of a vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, fuelled with CNG, in the context of the new Euro 6 emissions requirements. The analyses were performed on a Euro 5 bi-fuel vehicles with an SI engine equipped with an MPI feeding system operating in closed-loop control, a typical three-way-catalyst, and a heated oxygen sensor. The vehicles had been adapted by their manufacturer for fuelling with CNG by using additional special equipment mounted onto the existing petrol fuelling system. The vehicles tested featured a multipoint gas injection system latest generation. The tests subject to the analyses presented here were performed in the Engine Research Department of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland, within a research programme investigating the influence of alternative fuels on exhaust emissions from automotive vehicles with spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines.
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CESUR, İdris. "Effect of Methanol Gasoline Blends on the Performance and Emissions of a Gasoline Engine." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1069914.
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One of the methods used to reduce pollutant emissions from spark ignition engines is the use of alternative fuels in engines. As an alternative fuel, methanol can be used in the engine without making any structural changes by adding it to the fuel up to certain proportions. In this study, the effects of using different ratios of gasoline methanol mixtures as fuel in spark ignition engines on performance and exhaust emissions were investigated experimentally. In the experiments, 10% and 20% by mass of methanol was mixed with gasoline fuel. The experiments were carried out at different engine speeds and full load conditions. As a result of the experimental study, reductions of up to 3% in engine torque and effective power were determined by using 20% methanol blended fuel as fuel in the engine. Despite the slight deterioration in engine performance, reductions in HC, CO and NOx emissions were observed. The maximum reduction in HC emissions is 17% in 10% methanol blended fuel, and the maximum reduction in NOx emissions is 26% in 20% methanol blended fuel. Some deterioration was observed in the specific fuel consumption and effective efficiency values.
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Furman, V. V., V. A. Markov, and S. V. Plakhov. "Electronic fuel control system of a gas-diesel engine." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 1 (754) (January 2023): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2023-1-52-62.
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Relevance of the article is caused by the need to replace petroleum diesel fuel with fuels produced from alternative raw materials. Natural gas is considered as a promising alternative fuel. Advantages of using natural gas as the gas motor fuel in the internal combustion engines are shown. Main problems are considered that arise when adapting internal combustion engines to this type of fuel and ways to solve them. Possibility of improving indicators of the fuel efficiency and the exhaust gases toxicity when converting an internal combustion engine to the natural gas is indicated. It is concluded that using the gas-diesel engines running on natural gas and igniting by an ignition dose of the petroleum diesel fuel is a promising solution. The electronic fuel supply control system developed for the gas-diesel engines is described. The technique for calculating the fuel supply by the developed electronic fuel supply control system is provided.
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Y. Nagini, M. V. S. Murali Krishna, and S. Naga Sarada. "Investigations on reduction of pollutants in spark ignition engine." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.039.
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With a great vulnerability to oil embargoes and shortage of fossil fuels, attention is focussed on development of alternative fuel sources. Therefore alternative fuels like alcohol are preferred due to their comparable properties with gasoline. Reduction of exhaust emissions from engines has been focused and given importance in the development of new engines. The aim of the investigations is to determine and control of pollutants of the variable speed engine with piston surface, coated with copper and also inner side of the cylinder head as well as liner fuelled with gasohol [80% of gasoline blended with 20% of ethanol] by varying timing of spark ignition coupled with catalytic converter using catalyst of sponge iron incorporating air injection in catalytic chamber. The operating conditions of the investigations were configuration of the engine and ignition timing, with and without the provision of catalytic chamber. The exhaust emissions of carbon mono oxide (CO), un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. CO emissions, UBHC emissions and NOx levels were evaluated with sophisticated analyzer at various values of BMEP of the engine. Copper coated engine with gasohol at its optimum ignition timing reduced pollution levels. Catalytic converter reduced pollution levels by 40% and further reduction of emissions were pronounced with the injection of air. The ignition timing which was found to be optimum with CE was 280bTDC (before top dead centre), while it was 270b TDC with copper coated engine (CCE).
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SINGH, Prabhat, Dharmahinder Singh CHAND, Sourav PAL, and Aadya MISHRA. "Influence of Alternative Fuel Ratio on Turbocharger Combustor." INCAS BULLETIN 11, no. 4 (December 8, 2019): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.4.16.
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The present study investigates the effects of alternative fuel properties on combustion performance, in order to ensure reliable combustion performance using various fuel blends for powering an engine. The increasing rate of fuel cost and depletion of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternate fuels. Palm biodiesel derived from palm fatty acids meets the fuel requirements of an aircraft and is compatible with any engine without modifications. Viability of using a blend of present fossil fuels with biodiesel is studied. The engine was operated with petrol, diesel, palm biodiesel and a blend of these three fuels as a pair, with various ratios. The fuel was injected into the combustion chamber at an angle of 45o to the airflow and ignited using a spark plug. The blended fuel is found to have better efficiency than petrol or diesel. Furthermore, the low cost and abundant availability of the biofuel make it a viable alternative to the petroleum-based fuels currently in use. The combustion time and ignition delay are decreased with efficient biofuel due to high oxygen content and high octane number of the biofuel.
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Mofijur, M., M. M. Hasan, T. M. I. Mahlia, S. M. Ashrafur Rahman, A. S. Silitonga, and Hwai Chyuan Ong. "Performance and Emission Parameters of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine: A Review." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183557.
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Strict emission regulations and demand for better fuel economy are driving forces for finding advanced engines that will be able to replace the conventional internal combustion engines in the near future. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines use a different combustion technique; there are no spark plugs or injectors to assist the combustion. Instead, when the mixtures reach chemical activation energy, combustion auto-ignites in multiple spots. The main objective of this review paper is to study the engine performance and emission characteristics of HCCI engines operating in various conditions. Additionally, the impact of different fuels and additives on HCCI engine performance is also evaluated. The study also introduces a potential guideline to improve engine performance and emission characteristics. Compared to conventional compression ignition and spark ignition combustion methods, the HCCI combustion mode is noticeably faster and also provides better thermal efficiency. Although a wide range of fuels including alternative and renewable fuels can be used in the HCCI mode, there are some limitation/challenges, such as combustion limited operating range, phase control, high level of noise, cold start, preparation of homogeneous charge, etc. In conclusion, the HCCI combustion mode can be achieved in existing spark ignition (SI) engines with minor adjustments, and it results in lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions, with practically a similar performance as that of SI combustion. Further improvements are required to permit extensive use of the HCCI mode in future.
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Sandu, Cristian, Constantin Pană, Niculae Negurescu, Alexandru Cernat, Cristian Nuţu, and Rareş Georgescu. "The study of the spark ignition engine operation at fuelling with n-butanol-gasoline blends." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018001010.
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For conventional internal combustion engines alternative fuels such alcohols (ethanol, methanol and butanol) have attracted more attention. This aspect is due to the fact that alcohols have good combustion properties and high oxygen content. Butanol is a viable fuel for blending with conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel because of its high miscibility with these conventional fuels. The high combustion speed of butanol compared to that of gasoline ensures a shorter burning process thus the engine thermal efficiency can potentially be improved. Moreover, the additional oxygen content of the alcohol n-butanol can potentially improve the combustion process and can lead to a reduction of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions level. Utilizing butanol-gasoline blends can provide a good solution for the reduction of greenhouse gases level (CO2) and pollutants level (CO, HC, and NOx). An experimental study was carried out in a spark ignition engine which was fueled with a blend of n-butanol-gasoline at different volume percentages. The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of butanol on the engine energetic performances and on the emissions (HC, CO and NOx). At first the engine fueled with pure gasoline to set up a reference at the engine load χ=55%, engine speed of n=2500 min-1 and different excess air coefficients (λ). After setting the reference the engine was fueled with butanol-gasoline blend (10% vol. butanol 90% vol. gasoline) with the same engine adjustments. At butanol use the CO, HC and CO2 emissions level decreased, but the NOx emission level increased. The butanol can be considered a good alternative fuel for the spark ignition engines without modifications.
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Mohd Mustaqim Tukiman, Shahrul Azmir Osman, Mas Fawzi, and Norrizal Mustaffa. "Enhancing the Spark Ignition Engine Performance for Use LPG Liquid Phase by Modified the Ignition Timings." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 95, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.95.1.7684.
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LPG is one of the potential alternative fuels use in a spark-ignition engine. This paper presents the result of the experimental effect that modified the spark ignition timing for the latest generation LPG, using liquid phase. The objective of this study is explicitly to determine the quality of engine performance behavior at the maximum brake torque (MBT) condition as compared to gasoline fuel. Experiments were carried out at engine speed from 1500rpm to 3500rpm and the throttle positions were tested at 25%, 50% and 75%. Both of fuels have excess air coefficient at the stoichiometric ratio for the completed combustion process. Performance parameters, namely brake power (BP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) studied. It was shown, the LPG liquid phase significantly improves the engine performance in the range of 0.3% to 12.63% when the spark ignition was adjusted at -20 °CA to -10°CA BTDC from low to high engine speed as produced MBT condition. The fuel consumption also improves by 4.5% to 13.6%. The result showed that the LPG liquid phase had improved more than conventional fuel with modified ignition timing until the achieved the MBT condition.
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Yang, Byungmo, M. A. Kalam, and Haengmuk Cho. "Performance and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fueled with palm biodiesel blends." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2018): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9643.
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The exhaustion of fossil fuels and sharp rise in crude oil prices has led to the development of various alternative fuels. Alternative fuels are a necessity to meet rising energy consumption rates and to ensure eco-friendly growth. Alternative fuels that can be regenerated, are sustainable and have clean burning capacity to help promote an eco-friendly development. Whereas there have been various ideas and technologies relating to biodiesel as an alternative fuel, these tend to be restricted to the distant future insofar as compression-ignition engines are concerned. Biodiesel, produced by reacting triglycerides which are the main component of animal or plant-based fatty acids with methanol, is known to be an eco-friendly alternative fuel that can take the place of conventional petroleum diesel. In the present study, biodiesel (palm oil) was mixed at a certain ratio with commercially sold diesel, then introduced into a TCDI engine which was run at low load conditions for engine performance and exhaust gas measurement. Both engine output and torque were reduced, and fuel consumption increased to make up for the reduction in output. There were slight reductions in NOx and CO2 emissions, but changes in CO and HC emissions were negligible.
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Kuleshov, A. S., V. A. Markov, V. V. Furman, and S. V. Plakhov. "Computational study of the diesel fuel ignition dose effecting the gas-diesel engine operation process." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (753) (December 2022): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-12-87-106.
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Relevance of the article is determined by the need to replace petroleum diesel fuel with motor fuels obtained from the alternative raw materials. Natural gas is considered as the promising alternative fuel. Using the DIESEL-RK software package, computational studies were made of the diesel fuel ignition dose effect on the operation process of the 6 ChN 31.8/33 locomotive gas-diesel engine. The engine diesel and its gas-diesel cycles with the ignition dose of diesel fuel equal to 5, 10, 15 and 20% were determined. Differences in the efficiency values ??of the diesel engine under study with alteration in the diesel fuel ignition dose were not exceeding 2.7%. Diesel engine conversion to the gas-diesel cycle made it possible to significantly reduce the smoke from exhaust gases (to 90%), as well as the specific mass emissions with the exhaust gases of nitrogen oxides (to 18%) and carbon dioxide (to 23%). Expediency of changing the diesel fuel ignition dose of a gas-diesel engine with alteration in the speed and load modes of its operation was noted.
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak, Renata Gnatowska, and Łukasz Nowak. "Comparative Analysis of the Combustion Stability of Diesel-Methanol and Diesel-Ethanol in a Dual Fuel Engine." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060971.
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The co-combustion of diesel with alcohol fuels in a compression ignition dual fuel engine is one of the ways of using alternative fuels to power combustion engines. Scientific explorations in this respect should not only concern the combustion process in one engine cycle, which is most often not representative for a longer engine life, but should also include an analysis of multiple cycles, which would allow for indicating reliable parameters of engine operation and its stability. This paper presents experimental examinations of a CI engine with a dual fuel system, in which co-combustion was performed for diesel and two alcohol fuels (methanol and ethanol) with energy contents of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The research included the analysis of the combustion process and the analysis of cycle-by-cycle variation of the 200 subsequent engine operation cycles. It was shown that the presence and increase in the share of methanol and ethanol used for co-combustion with diesel fuel causes an increase in ignition delay and increases the heat release rate and maximum combustion pressure values. A larger ignition delay is observed for co-combustion with methanol. Based on changes in the coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) and the function of probability density of the indicated mean effective pressure (f(IMEP)), prepared for a series of engine operation cycles, it can be stated that the increase in the percentage of alcohol fuel used for co-combustion with diesel fuel does not impair combustion stability. For the highest percentage of alcohol fuel (50%), the co-combustion of diesel with methanol shows a better stability.
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Matveev, Yuri I., Nikolai A. Laptev, Vladimir V. Kolyvanov, and Mikhail Y. Khramov. "Natural gas as an alternative to liquid hydrocarbons on diesel-powered vessels." Russian Journal of Water Transport, no. 75 (June 19, 2023): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi75.359.
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Alternative fuels are increasingly being used in internal combustion engines (ICE) for various purposes. The practice of using alternative fuels indicates that their physicochemical properties make significant adjustments to the way the internal combustion engine workflow is organized and have a very significant impact on the effective and environmental performance of the engine and the entire power plant as a whole. The main task of designing a power plant with an internal combustion engine running on synthesis gas is to provide the necessary power, minimum fuel consumption in various operating modes, as well as minimum emissions of harmful substances into the environment, depending on the composition of the synthesis gas. It should be noted that the specific heat of combustion of synthesis gas is lower compared to traditional grades of fuel (25...30 MJ/kg), this leads to a significant reduction in the power of the marine engine. It is this factor that determines the use of synthesis gas as an additive to traditional fuel. Analysis of the available results and modeling of the combustion processes of liquefied natural gas on ships will allow to predict and determine further ways to improve fuel efficiency, power indicators and ecology of engines running on ethanol with forced ignition.
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Hamid, Abdullah Mustafa, Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff, Azhar Abdul Aziz, and Mohd Rozi Mohd Perang. "A Review on Butanol and Ethanol Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.259.
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A controversial argument about alternative fuels is taking lots of researchers and scientists attention and so far ethanol and butanol, regardless their blending percentage, are the most promising alcohols due to their potential properties and low production cost. Many studies have been conducted to justify the optimum fuel to be implemented. In this work, a review will be conducted on both butanol and ethanol in internal combustion engine as well as their contribution in combustion engine regarding combustion performance, pollutant emission, ignition timing and knocking. According to the previous literature, an attractive advantage for alcohol-gasoline blends is that they don’t require engine modification design and still reduce the pollutant emission effectively. The properties of these fuels seem to prove not only that we can run our engines with a reduction of pollutant gases but with the emission of greenhouse gasses. This work will provide a review on ethanol and butanol as an alternative fuels and their properties and behaviour in the engine will be described individually.
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Gis, Wojciech, Maciej Gis, Piotr Wiśniowski, and Mateusz Bednarski. "An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0054.
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Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.
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Šimakauskas, Audris. "RESEARCH OF THE SI ENGINE WITH MULTISPARK CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM." Agricultural Engineering 46, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.010.
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Modern ignition systems for spark ignition (SI) engine management systems require an extended (adaptive) spark with regulated spark discharge duration for reliable ignition of fuel mixture and elimination of misfired-cycles. Lean air-fuel mixtures and alternative fuels also require an improved ignition system. In order to meet the increased requirements for ignition systems there is a multispark capacitor discharge ignition (CDI) system developed with prolonged spark duration. Block diagram of CDI system is presented; the principle of the operation of the system elements is explained. Mathematical model of the processes of the CDI system are developed. Calculations of the CDI system, test data with four-stroke SI engine GA14DS (Nissan Sunny) and conclusions are presented.
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Sebayang, A. H., H. H. Masjuki, Hwai Chyuan Ong, S. Dharma, A. S. Silitonga, T. M. I. Mahlia, and H. B. Aditiya. "A perspective on bioethanol production from biomass as alternative fuel for spark ignition engine." RSC Advances 6, no. 18 (2016): 14964–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra24983j.
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Karagöz, Yasin, and Majid Mohammad Sadeghi. "Electronic control unit development and emissions evaluation for hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engines." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018814076.
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In this study, it was aimed to operate today’s compression ignition engines easily in dual-fuel mode with a developed electronic control unit. Especially, diesel engines with mechanical fuel system can be easily converted to common-rail fuel system with a developed electronic control unit. Also, with this developed electronic control unit, old technology compression ignition engines can be turned into dual-fuel mode easily. Thus, thanks to the flexibility of engine maps to be loaded into the electronic control unit, diesel engines can conveniently be operated with alternative gas fuels and diesel dual fuel. In particular, hydrogen, an alternative, environmentally friendly, and clean gas fuel, can easily be used with diesel engines by pilot spraying. Software and hardware development of electronic control unit are made, in order to operate a diesel engine with diesel+hydrogen dual fuel. Finally, developed electronic control unit was reviewed on 1500 r/min stable engine speed on different hydrogen energy rates (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% hydrogen) according to thermic efficiency and emissions (CO, total unburned hydrocarbons, NOx, and smoke), and apart from NOx emissions, a significant improvement has been obtained. There was no increased NOx emission on 15% hydrogen working condition; however, on 45% hydrogen working condition, a dramatic increase arose.
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Abdullah, Nik Rosli, Muhammad Izzat Nor Ma’arof, Ismail Nasiruddin Ahmad, Salmiah Kasolang, and Nor Hayati Saad. "Potential Utilization of Biodiesel as Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engine in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.475.
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Global total petroleum deficit and environmental concern on the emissions issues concerning pure diesel had started a technological race in producing alternative sources of energy which includes renewable fuel. Among the developed renewable fuels is the biodiesel which is a type of fuel derived from various sources of vegetable plants and waste fuels. Various biodiesels have been engineered to beat par to or even perhaps, a leap better in term of performance topure diesel. In short,biodiesel has shown a promising sign as the best candidate in overcoming total dependent on petroleum-derived fuel.This paper gives review on various tests and experiments conducted on biodiesel in order to highlight the potentials preserved by the fuel and to further endorse for a more mass usage of biodiesel and simultaneously for Malaysia to be a potential global producer of biodiesel fuels in the near future.
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Khakimov, J., M. Shatrov, and J. Turdiev. "INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE`S WORKING PROCESS ON LIGHT FUEL." Technical science and innovation 2020, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.20.1-77-0047.
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The article considers the investigation results of the working process of diesel on light fuel. Consumption of natural resources in the form of hydrocarbon fuels, which is steadily increasing in transport, the number of rolling stock, and combustion products of motor fuels cause environmental pollution. It is shown that the transition to cheaper alternative types of fuel, by its characteristics, not inferior to liquid motor fuels, is one of the options to reduce operating costs and harmful emissions. The scheme of classification of gas systems of fuel transfer is presented: by design of the system of filling and storage of gas; by quantity of the substituted basic fuel in the system of fuel supply; by method of dosing of fuel; by name and place of sending of a control signal; by design of the unit of decrease in pressure of gas; by design and a site of heating devices of a gas stream of a high pressure; by a method of ignition of a gas-air mix; by a method of change of indicators of working process; by an aggregate condition of used According to the results of theoretical and operational research of the gas engine based on a supercharged diesel engine: the necessity of using a gas injector power supply system has been established; the power and torque of the gas engine created on the basis of a supercharged diesel engine practically do not differ from that of the diesel engine, which is explained by a relatively high degree of compression for engines with spark ignition (ε=2); it has been shown that in the long term it is possible to use gas supply systems under pressure directly into the engine cylinder. As a result, the most affordable commercial alternative fuel for road transport in Uzbekistan turned out to be natural gas.
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LARISCH, Jerzy, and Zdzisław STELMASIAK. "Dual fuelling SI engine with alcohol and gasoline." Combustion Engines 145, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117104.
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The Department of Internal Combustion Engines and Vehicles, Technical University of Bielsko-Biala has carried out work on alternative fuels in the area of dual-fueling of SI engines. The paper presents the concept of dual fuel (alcohol and gasoline) MPI injected spark-ignition engine using a fuel mixing device. The solution consists in mixing the fuel (gasoline and alcohol) before or in the fuel rail, which ensures a variable share of alcohol in the mixture in the range from 0÷100%, depending on the engine operating conditions (engine revolutions and load), and its thermal state. The fuels are delivered to the mixing chamber through the solenoid valves that allow a proper selection of the proportion of alcohol and gasoline. The pre-prepared mixture is injected through the original injectors to the intake manifold, around the intake valve. This paper presents the prototype of the mixer that allows mixing of the gasoline and alcohol in any proportion using a PWM.
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Redel-Macías, María D., David E. Leiva-Candia, José A. Soriano, José M. Herreros, Antonio J. Cubero-Atienza, and Sara Pinzi. "Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051309.
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Oxygenated fuels, in this case short carbon-chain alcohols, have been investigated as alternative fuels to power compression ignition engines. A major advantage of short-chain alcohols is that they can be produced from renewable resources, i.e., cultivated commodities or biomass-based biorefineries. However, before entering the market, the effects of short-chain alcohols on engine performance, exhaust emissions, noise and sound quality need to be understood. This work sheds light on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the alcohol/diesel fuel blends (ethanol and 1-propanol) on engine performance, exhaust emissions and, for the first time, on noise and sound quality. It has been demonstrated that when the content of alcohol in blends increased, soot and soluble organic material emissions drastically decreased, mainly due to the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. Reduction in soot emissions combined with higher thermodynamic efficiency of alcohol fuels, with respect to diesel fuel, enable their utilization on compression ignition engines. There is also an improvement in the soot-NOx trade off, leading to large reductions on soot with a small effect on NOx emissions. The oxygen content within the fuel reduces CO and THC emissions at extra-urban driving operation conditions. However, hydrocarbons and CO emissions increased at urban driving conditions, due to the high heat of vaporization of the alcohol fuels which reduces cylinder temperature worsening fuel atomization, vaporization and mixing with air being more significant at lower cylinder temperature conditions (low engine loads and speeds). Similarly, the higher the presence of alcohol in the blend, the higher the noise emitted by the engine due to their low tendency to auto-ignition. The optimization of alcohol quantity and the calibration of engine control parameters (e.g., injection settings) which is out of the scope of this work, will be required to overcome noise emission penalty. Furthermore, under similar alcohol content in the blend (10% v/v), the use of propanol is preferred over ethanol, as it exhibits lower exhaust emissions and better sound quality than ethanol.
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Kuburi, Laminu, David Obada, Ibraheem Samotu, M. Jeremiah, and Zainab Kashim. "The impact of gasoline and synthesized ethanol blends on the emissions of a spark ignition engine." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.4.391.
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Considering pollution problems and the energy crisis today, investigations have been concentrated on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion products and decreasing fossil fuel consumption by using renewable alternative fuels. In this work, the effect of ethanol addition to gasoline on the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine at various speeds was established. Ethanol was extracted from groundnut seeds using fermentation method. Gasoline was blended with 20 - 80% of the extracted ethanol in an interval of 20%. Results of the engine test indicated that using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels decreased carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as a result of the lean- burn effects caused by the ethanol, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased because of a near complete combustion. Finally, the results showed that blending ethanol in a proportion of 40% with gasoline can be used as a supplementary fuel in modern spark ignition engines as it is expected that the engine performs at its optimum in terms of air toxic pollutants reduction, by virtue of that mix.
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Mikulski, Maciej, Sławomir Wierzbicki, and Andrzej Piętak. "Numerical Studies on Controlling Gaseous Fuel Combustion by Managing the Combustion Process of Diesel Pilot Dose in a Dual-Fuel Engine." Chemical and Process Engineering 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2015-0015.
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Abstract Protection of the environment and counteracting global warming require finding alternative sources of energy. One of the methods of generating energy from environmentally friendly sources is increasing the share of gaseous fuels in the total energy balance. The use of these fuels in compression-ignition (CI) engines is difficult due to their relatively high autoignition temperature. One solution for using these fuels in CI engines is operating in a dualfuel mode, where the air and gas mixture is ignited with a liquid fuel dose. In this method, a series of relatively complex chemical processes occur in the engine's combustion chamber, related to the combustion of individual fuel fractions that interact with one another. Analysis of combustion of specific fuels in this type of fuel injection to the engine is difficult due to the fact that combustion of both fuel fractions takes place simultaneously. Simulation experiments can be used to analyse the impact of diesel fuel combustion on gaseous fuel combustion. In this paper, we discuss the results of simulation tests of combustion, based on the proprietary multiphase model of a dual-fuel engine. The results obtained from the simulation allow for analysis of the combustion process of individual fuels separately, which expands the knowledge obtained from experimental tests on the engine.
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SZPICA, Dariusz, and Marcin DZIEWIĄTKOWSKI. "Catalyst Conversion Rates Measurement on Engine Fueled with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Using Different Operating Temperatures." Mechanics 27, no. 6 (December 10, 2021): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.30164.
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Further restrictions on the use of compression-ignition engines in transportation are prompting the search for adaptations to run on other fuels. One of the most popular alternative fuels is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), which due to its low carbon content can be competitive with classical fuels. This paper presents the results of testing a Cummins 6BT compression ignition engine that has undergone numerous modifications to convert to CNG power. The sequential gas injection system and the ignition system were installed in this engine. The compression ratio was also lowered from 16.5 to 11.5 by replacing the pistons. Tests conducted on an engine dynamometer were to show the differences in emission and conversion in the catalyst of hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gases. Two structurally different catalysts operating at different exhaust temperatures (400 and 500)±2.5°C were used. The catalyst operating at 500±2.5°C showed a 23.5% higher conversion rate than the catalyst operating at a lower temperature in the range of the speed range tested. Also the external indicators, such as power and torque for the case of higher operating temperature took values over 70% higher. The research is one of the stages of a comprehensive assessment of the possibility of adaptation of compression ignition engines to CNG-only fueling.
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak, and Karol Grab-Rogaliński. "Effects of Propanol on the Performance and Emissions of a Dual-Fuel Industrial Diesel Engine." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 5674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115674.
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The search for alternative fuels that can limit the use of traditional fossil fuels to power internal combustion engines is one of the main tasks faced by both the modern automotive industry and the modern energy industry. This paper presents experimental tests of a compression ignition engine, in which the conventional fuel, i.e., diesel, was partially replaced with propyl alcohol, i.e., a renewable biofuel. Studies on the co-combustion of diesel fuel with propanol were carried out, in which the energy share of alcohol varied from 0 to 65%. The research showed that an increase in the proportion of propanol, up to 30%, resulted in a significant increase in the rate of heat release and the rate of pressure increase in the cylinder of a compression-ignition engine. Increasing the alcohol content to 65% resulted in an increase in the ignition delay time and significantly shortened the duration of combustion. During the combustion of diesel fuel with a 50% propanol share, the engine was characterized by maximum efficiency, higher than diesel fuel combustion by 5.5%. The addition of propanol caused a slight deterioration of the combustion stability determined by the coefficient of variation for IMEP. The study of engine exhaust emissions has shown that the combustion of diesel fuel with a small proportion of propanol, up to 30%, causes an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, while up to 50% contributes to a decrease in HC emissions. The increased share of alcohol contributed to a significant decrease in the emissions of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and caused a significant reduction in the concentration of soot in the exhaust of the compression-ignition engine.
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Mikulski, Maciej, and Sławomir Wierzbicki. "EFFECT OF CNG IN A FUEL DOSE ON THE COMBUSTION PROCESS OF A COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE." TRANSPORT 30, no. 2 (May 30, 2015): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1045938.
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Currently, one of the major trends in the research of contemporary combustion engines involves the potential use of alternative fuels. Considerable attention has been devoted to methane, which is the main component of Natural Gas (NG) and can also be obtained by purification of biogas. In compression-ignition engines fired with methane or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), it is necessary to apply a dual-fuel feeding system. This paper presents the effect of the proportion of CNG in a fuel dose on the process of combustion. The recorded time series of pressure in a combustion chamber was used to determine the repeatability of the combustion process and the change of fuel compression-ignition delay in the combustion chamber. It has been showed that NG does not burn completely in a dual-fuel engine. The best conditions for combustion are ensured with higher concentrations of gaseous fuel. NG ignition does not take place simultaneously with diesel oil ignition. Moreover, if a divided dose of diesel is injected, NG ignition probably takes place at two points, as diesel oil.
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Norwazan, A. R., A. K. Zulkiffli, and M. S. Abd Rahim. "Experimental Evaluation of Cooking Oil (Carotene Oil) as Biodiesel Blended on Compression Ignition (CI) Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2234.
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Biodiesel is an alternative fuels for diesel engine with the blending process by chemically combination of vegetable or animal oil and diesel fuels. It is proved that the biodiesel can be used without any modification on the compression ignition (CI) engine. In this study, the cooking oil of namely carotene is used to produce the biodiesel blend fuels in various percentages. The biodiesel blend and diesel fuel are evaluated to analyze the engine performances in 4 cylinder inline CI engine. The characteristics of engine performances namely brake power output and brake specific fuel consumption are measured with various loads applied. The fuel properties of biodiesel blend are investigated namely density, dynamics viscosity and kinetic viscosity. The experimental results show that the performance of biodiesel B10 is better than it counterpart namely diesel in terms of brake power output and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC).
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Osman, Shahrul Azmir, Ahmad Jais Alimin, Mohd Yusri Ismail, and Koh Wern Hui. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Direct Injection C.I Engine Retrofitted with Mono-CNG System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.443.
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Diesel engines are widely used in logistics and haulage as vehicular prime movers. In the mechanized and fast-moving forward world of today, the consumption of petroleum products has become an important yardstick of a country’s prosperity. This ever-increasing consumption has led the world to face the twin challenge of energy shortage and environmental deterioration. Natural gas has been one of the highly considered alternative fuels for both spark ignition (S.I) and compressed ignition (C.I.) engines. The advantages and benefits of CNG have made it the preferred choice as alternative fuel in the transportation sector. This present study focused on the effects of retrofitted direct injection C.I. engine with mono-CNG system to its performance and exhaust emissions. The engine speed was varied from 850 rpm to 2500 rpm, with load test conditions of 0Nm, 27.12Nm and 53.23Nm, using an engine dynamometer. Results indicated that CNG has the potential to provide better fuel consumption compared to diesel fuel. Meanwhile, the characteristics of exhaust gas emissions such as smoke opacity and CO2 gave promising results compared to CO, HC and NOX, for diesel combustion.
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Nouby M. Ghazaly, Ahmed H. Hamed,. "A Review of Using Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines." International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijrmee.v9i2.365.
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Due to its increasing emissions from combustion of fuels in the internal combustion engines and increasing world concern on global warming problem. It’s a significant issue to use alternative fuels that would be safe for people and the environment. In this article, the previous research's concern on using natural gas is discussed. This research presents the precious studies on the benefits of using natural gas fuel in spark ignition, diesel, and agricultural engines. In addition to modeling focusing on engine parts loads to identify fuel-burning influence. Also presents a former discipline on using hydrogen enrichment to improve fuel efficiency and shows characteristics of using dual fuel in internal combustion engines. The difference between lean combustion and exhaust gas recirculation strategies and produces a comparison between natural gas/methanol and natural gas/gasoline in a dual-fuel engine are reviewed. In addition the comparative study between gasoline and natural gas with a direct injection strategy is presented. Also, this article focus on using natural gas as a fuel with reactive controlled compression ignition (RCCI). It can concluded that using the natural gas fuel is one of the perfect solutions to reduce hydrocarbons emissions and increase the thermal efficiency of fuel combustion and reduce the cost of energy production.
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Shadidi, Behdad, Gholamhassan Najafi, and Talal Yusaf. "A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 6209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196209.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative energy sources, and hydrogen is an efficient and practical alternative fuel. In the transportation industry, the development of hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency and significantly reduce exhaust gas emission and concentration. The impact of using hydrogen as a supplementary fuel for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines on engine performance and gas emissions was investigated in this study. By adding hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the torque, power, and brake thermal efficiency of the engines decrease, while their brake-specific fuel consumption increase. This study suggests that using hydrogen will reduce the emissions of CO, UHC, CO2, and soot; however, NOx emission is expected to increase. Due to the reduction of environmental pollutants for most engines and the related environmental benefits, hydrogen fuel is a clean and sustainable energy source, and its use should be expanded.
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Zhu, Jianjun, Peng Li, and Xin Geng. "Combustion characteristics of different premixed methanol charge compression ignition combustion modes." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part A (2020): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190512028z.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes two dual fuel combustion modes for a Diesel engine based on two alternative fuels and explores the influence of engine compression ratio on combustion and fuel economy characteristics under heavy loads. The results show that reducing the compression ratio can reduce the pressure rise rate of the combustion mode of methanol premixed charge induced ignition, owing to a decrease in the brake thermal efficiency.
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K. Kishor, Ch Indira Priyadarshini, Y. Nagini, and M. V. S. Murali Krishna. "Investigations on Pollution Levels of Four Stroke Copper Coated Spark Ignition Engine with Alcohol blended Gasoline." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.042.
Full textAbstract:
Alcohols are renewable fuels. They can be conveniently used in spark ignition engines. They have octane number (a measure of combustion quality in spark ignition engine) higher than gasoline. Alcohols are important substitutes for gasoline, in the context of fast depletion of fossil fuels, ever increase of pollution levels with fossil fuels and increase of economic burden due to import of crude petroleum the search for alternative fuels has become pertinent. Investigations were carried out to determine pollution levels of variable speed, variable compression ratio, four- stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 250 ìm) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron/manganese ore as catalyst with different test fuels of neat gasoline, gasohol (85% gasoline and 15% ethanol by volume) and methanol blended gasoline (85% gasoline and 15% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation. Exhaust emissions of carbon mono oxide (CO), un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) were varied with different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine with different versions of the engine with test fuels with and without provision of the catalytic converter with sponge iron or manganese ore as catalyst. The engine was provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as catalysts. There was provision for injection of air into the catalytic converter. The performance of the catalyst was compared with one over the other. Methanol blended gasoline decreased exhaust emissions effectively in comparison with gasohol with both versions of the engine. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with different test fuels on both configurations of the engine.