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Suzuki, Lisandra Akemi. "Resposta imune humoral na neurocisticercose." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308741.
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Orientador: Claudio Lucio RossiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A neurocisticercose (NC) e uma importante causa de doença neurológica em muitos paises em desenvolvimento, incluindo o Brasil. O diagnostico clinico da NC e dificultado pelo polimorfismo e pela não especificidade dos sintomas. As tecnicas de neuroimagem e pesquisa de anticorpos específicos tem contribuído para o diagnostico da NC e uma melhor compreensão dos processos fisiopatológicos dessa infecção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de técnicas imunoenzimaticas (ELISA), a resposta imune humoral na NC, utilizando como preparações antigênicas o liquido vesicular (LV) e uma fração glicoproteica obtida do extrato bruto de cisticercos de Taenia solium (T. solium) com afinidade por lentil-lectina (fração Gp). Cinquenta e seis amostras de liquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), 22 de pacientes com NC e 34 de pacientes com outros problemas neurológicos, foram utilizadas para a pesquisa de IgG e suas subclasses, com os seguintes resultados: IgG-LV: 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade; IgG1 -LV: 72,73% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade; IgG2-LV: 81,81% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade; IgG3-LV: 59,09% de sensibilidade e 97,06% de especificidade; IgG4-LV: 90,91% de sensibilidade e 97,06% de especificidade; IgG-fração Gp: 90,91% de sensibilidade e 97,06% de especificidade; IgG1-fração Gp: 59,09% de sensibilidade e 91,18% de especificidade; IgG2-fração Gp: 68,18% de sensibilidade e 94,12% de especificidade; IgG3-fração Gp: 36,36% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade; IgG4-fração Gp: 86,36% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Quarenta e sete amostras de LCR, 16 de pacientes com NC e 31 de pacientes com outros problemas neurológicos foram utilizadas para a pesquisa de IgE, com os seguintes resultados: IgE-LV e IgE-fração Gp: 93,75% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Cinquenta e sete amostras de soros, 22 de pacientes com NC, 18 de pacientes com outras infecções e 17 de pessoas presumivelmente sadias, foram utilizadas para a pesquisa da IgG e suas subclasses, IgE, IgA e IgM, com os seguintes resultados: IgG-LV: 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade; IgG1-LV: 86,36% de sensibilidade e 94,28% de especificidade; IgG2-LV: 90,91% de sensibilidade e 97,14% de especificidade; IgG3-LV: 86,36% de sensibilidade e 97,14% de especificidade; IgG4-LV: 100% de sensibilidade e de especificidade; IgG-fração Gp: 95,45% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade; IgG1-fração Gp: 63,64% de sensibilidade e 94,28% de especificidade; IgG2-fração Gp: 68,18% de sensibilidade e 97,14% de especificidade; IgG3-fração Gp: 54,54% de sensibilidade e 88,57% de especificidade; IgG4-fração Gp: 90,91% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade; IgELV: 90,91% de sensibilidade e 97,14% de especificidade; IgE-fração Gp: 86,36% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade; IgA-LV: 54,54% de sensibilidade e 94,28% de especificidade; IgA-fração Gp: 13,63% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Anticorpos IgM não foram detectados com as preparações de LV e fração Gp. Nossos resultados mostraram que, com ambas as preparações antigênicas, tanto em amostras de LCR quanto em amostras de soros, a maior positividade foi obtida na detecção de anticorpos das classes IgG e IgE, seguida da positividade da IgA. Anticorpos IgM não foram detectados em amostras de soros com reações de ELISA realizadas com LV e fração Gp. Com relação as subclasses da IgG, a IgG4 apresentou, tanto em amostras de LCR como em amostras de soros, valores de positividade e concentração iguais ou superiores as outras subclasses. As reações ELISA realizadas com LV mostraram sensibilidades iguais ou superiores aquelas obtidas com a fração Gp. Considerando a complexidade e o custo final da obtenção da fração Gp, o LV pode ser considerado mais adequado para a pesquisa de anticorpos em amostras de LCR e soros de pacientes com NC.
Abstract: Neurocysticercosis (NC) is an important cause of neurological disease in many developing countries, including Brazil. The clinical diagnosis of NC is hindered by the polymorphism and non-specificity of the symptoms. Neuroimaging techniques and detection of specific antibodies have contributed to the diagnosis of NC and a better understanding of the physiopathological processes of this infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response in NC by using immunoenzymatic techniques (ELISA) in which vesicular fluid (VF) and a glycoprotein fraction purified from a crude extract of Taenia solium cysticerci with affinity for lentil-lectin (fraction Gp) were used as antigenic preparations. Fifty-six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, 22 from patients with NC and 34 from patients with other neurological disorders, were assayed for IgG and IgG subclasses, with the following results: IgG-VF: 100% sensitivity and specificity, IgG1 - VF: 72.73% sensitivity and 100% specificity, IgG2 -VF: 81.81% sensitivity and 100% specificity, IgG3 -VF: 59.09% sensitivity and 97.06% specificity, IgG4 -VF: 90.91% sensitivity and 97.06% specificity, IgG-fraction Gp: 90.91% sensitivity and 97.06% specificity, IgG1- fraction Gp: 59.09% sensitivity and 91.18% specificity, IgG2-fraction Gp: 68.18% sensitivity and 94.12% specificity, IgG3 -fraction Gp: 36.36% sensitivity and 100% specificity, IgG4 - fraction Gp: 86.36% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Forty-seven CSF samples, 16 from patients with NC and 31 from patients with other neurological disorders, were assayed for IgE, with the following results: IgE-VF and IgE-fraction Gp: 93.75% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Fifty-seven serum samples, 22 from patients with NC, 18 from patients with other infections and 17 from presumably healthy individuals, were assayed for IgG, IgG subclasses, IgE, IgA and IgM, with the following results: IgG-VF: 100% sensitivity and specificity, IgG1-VF: 86.36% sensitivity and 94.28% specificity, IgG2 -VF: 90.91% sensitivity and 97.14% specificity, IgG3 -VF: 86.36% sensitivity and 97.14% specificity, IgG4 -VF:100% sensitivity and specificity, IgG-fraction Gp: 95.45% sensitivity and 100% specificity, IgG1- fraction Gp: 63.64% sensitivity and 94.28% specificity, IgG2 -fraction Gp: 68.18% sensitivity and 97.14% specificity, IgG3 -fraction Gp: 54.54% sensitivity and 88.57% specificity, IgG4 - fraction Gp: 90.91% sensitivity and 100% specificity, IgE-VF: 90.91% sensitivity and 97.14% specificity, IgE-fraction Gp: 86.36% sensitivity and 100% specificity, IgA-VF: 54.54% sensitivity and 94.28% specificity, IgA-fraction Gp: 13.63% sensitivity and 100% specificity. No specific IgM antibodies were detected with VF and fraction Gp antigenic preparations. These results show that with the two antigenic preparations the highest positivity in CSF and serum samples was obtained for IgG and IgE antibodies, followed by positivity for IgA. No IgM antibodies were detected in serum samples assayed with VF and fraction Gp. With regard to IgG subclasses, IgG4 positivity and concentration in CSF and serum samples were higher than or equal to the other subclasses. ELISA reactions done with VF showed equal or higher sensitivities than those obtained with fraction Gp. Considering the complexity and high cost of obtaining fraction Gp, VF could be more suitable for detecting specific antibodies in CSF and serum samples from patients with NC.
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
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Sellers, Lisa K. "Exercise-induced alterations in immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels in cancer versus non-cancer patients." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2008. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/384.
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Renault, Neil. "Construction, method development and comparative testing of an 'All-Diet' protein microarray to measure IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE in human sera and milk." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503929.
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Existing immunoglobulin (Ig) tests only give a limited picture of the immunological response to food antigens. Furthermore, existing tests require large volumes of sample, over a limited number of foods, are not amenable to a high sample through-put system and the results are limited to normally just one immunoglobulin class. In order to investigate the global immune response towards food products we have developed the "all diet" microarray concept. The "all-diet food protein microarray contains extracts of over 400 food ingredients that cover most of the food products found in the UK. Using this system we have retrospectively determined food specific IgE, IgA, IgG and IgM from 17 well characterized sera. The results were analyzed by multivariate techniques and parametric methods. The proof-of-concept of the ''all diet microarray to investigate the relationships between food antigen specificity and multiple Ig type was demonstrated here. The novelity of this protein microarray is the use of arrayed food samples sequentially extracted with detergent and chaotropic agents. The array system possesses many advantages over traditional systems such as requirement of low sample volume, high sensitivity and a global view of the immune response. Notwithstanding these potential advantages to clinical practices, these benefits remain yet to be demonstrated. The development of the technique will allow further expansion into areas of research such as conjugation of the microarray with sensitized human basophils and also immunoglobulin binding to extracts of parasites.
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Ding, Zhoujie. "Feedback Enhancement of Immune Responses by IgE, IgM, and IgG3 Antibodies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-237337.
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Antibodies can enhance or suppress the immune responses against their specific antigens. This phenomenon is known as antibody-mediated feedback regulation. We have studied the mechanisms underlying IgE-, IgM-, and IgG3-mediated enhancement of immune responses in mouse models using intravenous immunization. We attempted to answer the following questions: 1) Which cell type presents IgE-complexed antigens to CD4+ T cells? 2) Is complement activation required for specific IgM to enhance antibody responses? 3) Does IgM enhance CD4+ T-cell responses? 4) How are IgG3-antigen complexes transported into B-cell follicles? We found that CD23+ B cells transporting IgE-antigen complexes into B-cell follicles were not required to prime the antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo, whereas CD11c+ cells were indispensable. After examining the three most common subpopulations of CD11c+ cells in the spleen, we determined that it was CD8α- conventional dendritic cells migrating into the T-cell zone following immunization that presented IgE-complexed antigens to CD4+ T cells. Next, we showed that specific IgM from Cµ13 mice, which is unable to activate complement, failed to enhance either antibody or germinal center responses whereas wild-type IgM enhanced both responses. Therefore, specific IgM must activate complement to enhance humoral responses. In addition, wild-type IgM did not up-regulate CD4+ T-cell responses. Finally, we showed that IgG3-antigen complexes were transported by marginal zone B cells into B-cell follicles via binding to complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) on those cells. The immune complexes were captured by follicular dendritic cells as early as 2 h after immunization. Germinal center responses were also enhanced by IgG3. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that CR1/2 expression was required on both marginal zone B cells and follicular dendritic cells to provide an optimal enhancement of antibody responses.
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Nascimento, Fernanda Santos. "Diagnostico sorologico da toxoplasmose." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308746.
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Orientador: Claudio Lucio RossiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A toxoplasmose, uma zoonose com ampla distribuição mundial, causada pelo parasita intracelular obrigatório Toxoplasma gondii, é geralmente adquirida por meio da ingestão de cistos ou oocistos viáveis do parasita, presentes, respectivamente, em carne crua ou mal cozida e no solo, alimento ou água contaminados com fezes de gatos infectados. A toxoplasmose pode ser altamente debilitante, e ocasionalmente fatal, em crianças infectadas no útero e em receptores de transplante. O diagnóstico de infecção aguda primária em mulheres grávidas é geralmente baseado em testes sorológicos, visto que, na grande maioria dos casos, a toxoplasmose não é reconhecida clinicamente. A longa persistência dos anticorpos IgM em algumas pessoas e a dificuldade para demonstrar soroconversão ou aumento significativo da concentração de anticorpos específicos, têm complicado a interpretação dos testes sorológicos, quando se suspeita de infecção aguda. Com relação à infecção toxoplámica em pacientes transplantados, em muitos casos o status sorológico do doador não é conhecido e a pesquisa periódica de anticorpos anti-T. gondii no receptor raramente é realizada. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi determinar o valor da demonstração dos anticorpos IgA anti-T.gondii para o diagnóstico da fase aguda da infecção toxoplásmica. Nossos resultados mostraram que os anticorpos IgA são detectados com alta freqüência em amostras de soros obtidas de mulheres com evidência clínica e/ou sorológica de infecção toxoplásmica aguda. Entretanto, em 19% das mulheres apresentando persistência de anticorpos IgM e alto índice de avidez dos anticorpos IgG, anticorpos IgA anti-T. gondii foram detectados em amostras de soros coletadas mais de 9 meses após o início da infecção, indicando que esses anticorpos não podem ser considerados marcadores confiáveis de infecção aguda primária. No segundo estudo, nós relatamos o diagnóstico de infecção toxoplásmica primária em um paciente com mieloma múltiplo submetido a transplante alogênico não-mieloablativo de células hematopoiéticas, provenientes de doador com sorologia negativa para toxoplasmose. A resposta primária contra o T. gondii foi baseada na soroconversão dos anticorpos IgM, IgG e IgA. O paciente foi prontamente tratado e nenhuma complicação relacionada à toxoplasmose foi observada nos meses subseqüentes. Esse caso ressalta a necessidade da detecção dos anticorpos anti-T. gondii no doador e no receptor antes do transplante e a importância do monitoramento sorológico do receptor durante o seguimento pós-transplante
Abstract: Toxoplasmosis, a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is usually acquired through the ingestion of viable parasite cysts or oocysts, present, respectively, in raw or undercooked meat and in soil, food or water contaminated with feces of infected cats. Toxoplasmosis can be highly debilitating and occasionally fatal in children infected in utero and in transplant recipients. The diagnosis of acute primary infection in pregnant women is usually based on serology, because in the great majority of cases primary infection is not recognized clinically. The sustained persistence, in some persons, of specific IgM antibodies and the difficulty in demonstrating seroconversion or a significant increase in specific antibody concentrations, have complicated the interpretation of serological tests when acute infection is suspected. With regard to toxoplasmic infection in transplant patients, in many cases the serological status of the donor is not known and the periodic research of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the receptor is rarely performed. In the first study, we investigated the usefulness of detecting anti-T. gondii IgA for the diagnosis of an acute acquired Toxoplasma infection. Our results showed that anti-T. gondii IgA antibodies are detected with a high frequency in serum samples obtained from women with clinical and/or serologic evidence of acute acquired Toxoplasma infection. However, in 19% of the women presenting a sustained IgM antibody response and a high IgG avidity index, anti-T. gondii IgA antibodies were detected in serum samples collected more than nine months after the beginning of infection, indicating that IgA cannot be considered a dependable marker for acute primary infection. In the second study, we report the diagnosis of a primary toxoplasmic infection in a patient with multiple myeloma following a non-myeloablative allogeneic transplant with hematopoietic stem cells from a donor with negative serology for toxoplasmosis. The primary response to T. gondii was supported by IgM, IgG and IgA seroconversion. The patient was promptly treated and there were no complications related to toxoplasmosis in the subsequent months. This case stresses the importance of detecting anti-T. gondii antibodies in the donor and in the recipient before transplantation, and of serologically monitoring the recipient during long-term follow-u
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Keiserman, Briele. "Isotipos IgG e IgM anti-dsDNA em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4374.
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Previous issue date: 2012IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies are associated to lupus nephritis. Recent data suggest that IgM isotype is nephroprotector. We evaluated the frequency of IgG anti-dsDNA in patients with Systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and its relation between IgG/IgM proportion and clinical manifestations of the disease. This transversal study included 137 SLE patients according to traditional criteria (92. 5% female, 79. 5% Caucasian) and 58 SLE individual (93. 1% female, 81% Caucasian) selected by positivity for IgG anti-dsDNA. IgG and IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected by Chrithidiae luciliae indirect immunofluorescence with cut point 1/10 dilution. The presence of IgG anti-dsDNA was associated to the presence of hemolytic anemia, leukopenia/lymphopenia and Complement depletion (p<0. 001). Of the 58 patients positive for IgG anti-dsDNA 15 were also positive for IgM anti-dsDNA. The group presenting both isotypes showed significant less frequency of active urinary sediment when compared to isolated IgG anti-dsDNA (6. 7% versus 34. 9%, p=0. 046). IgG/IgM proportion distribution evidenced a trend of higher medians in the presence of arthritis and leukopenia/lymphopenia [4 (2-8) versus 1 (1-2), p=0. 070 and 4 (3-8) versus 1 (1-4), p=0. 066, respectively]. Summarizing, the frequency of IG anti-dsDNA was relevant in our casuistic. Positive subpopulation for both IgG/IgM isotypes anti-dsDNA was less willing to urinary sediment alterations than IgG anti-dsDNA isolated population. These data suggest a distinct biologic behavior for IgM anti-dsDNA.
Anticorpos IgG anti-dsDNA se associam à ocorrência de nefrite lúpica. Relatos recentes sugerem que o isotipo IgM anti-dsDNA seja nefroprotetor. Avaliamos frequência de IgG anti-dsDNA em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), e averiguamos a relação entre proporção IgG/IgM anti-dsDNA e manifestações clínicas da doença. O estudo, transversal, incluiu 137 pacientes com LES de acordo com os critérios tradicionais (92,5% mulheres, 79,5% raça branca) e uma população de 58 casos de LES (93,1% mulheres, 81% raça branca) selecionados por positividade para IgG anti-dsDNA. Anticorpos IgG e IgM anti-dsDNA foram detectados por imunofluorescência indireta com Crithidia luciliae, com ponto de corte na diluição 1/10. A presença de IgG anti-dsDNA se associou à presença de anemia hemolítica, leucolinfopenia e depleção de Complemento (p<0, 001). Dos 58 pacientes com teste positivo para IgG anti-dsDNA, 15 foram também positivos para o isotipo IgM. O grupo com ambos os isotipos teve frequência significativamente menor de sedimento urinário ativo quando comparado ao grupo com IgG anti-dsDNA isolado (6,7% versus 34,9%, p=0, 046). A distribuição da proporção IgG/IgM anti-dsDNA evidenciou tendência de medianas mais elevadas na presença de artrite e leucolinfopenia [4 (2-8) versus 1 (1-2), p=0, 070 e 4 (3-8) versus 1 (1-4), p=0, 066, respectivamente]. Em suma, a frequência de IgG anti-dsDNA foi relevante em nossa casuística. A subpopulação positiva para ambos IgG e IgM anti-dsDNA foi menos propensa a alterações de sedimento urinário do que aquela com IgG anti-dsDNA isolado. Estes dados sugerem um comportamento biológico distinto para o isotipo IgM anti-dsDNA.
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RODRIGUES, Isolina Maria Xavier. "Diagnóstico pós-natal da toxoplasmose congênita através da detecção de anticorpos das classes IgG, IgM E IgA ANTI-Toxoplasma gondii." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1832.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-31Essa dissertação é composta de duas pesquisas complementares, realizadas no período de primeiro de janeiro de 2004 a 30 de setembro de 2005. No primeiro estudo, realizou-se a sorologia para IgG e IgM anti-toxoplasma no sangue do cordão de 1514 RN pela técnica MEIA e a comparação entre os resultados dos anticorpos IgG e IgM no sangue de cordão e periférico de 167 RN (86 suspeitos e 81 normais). A sorologia por MEIA permitiu que fossem selecionados 86 RN suspeitos de toxoplasmose congênita, cujas amostras foram testadas para detecção de IgM pela técnica ELFA. A comparação entre a sorologia para IgG e IgM por MEIA mostrou não haver diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos no sangue de cordão e periférico. A triagem sorológica dos 1514 RN pela técnica MEIA revelou que: 0,59% (09/1514) apresentavam IgG e IgM reagentes; 64,60 (978/1514) apresentavam IgG reagente e IgM não reagente; 0,46% (7/1514) apresentavam IgG indeterminada e IgM não reagente e 34,35% (520/1514) apresentaram IgG e IgM não reagentes. A incidência da toxoplasmose diagnosticada pela presença de IgM pelas técnicas MEIA e ELFA foi de 6,6/1000 nascimentos, contudo essa incidência não reflete o número de RN infectados, pois muitos RN não produzem anticorpos de classe IgM ao nascer, sendo necessário que os 76 RN suspeitos e que tiveram IgM não reagentes sejam acompanhados até dois anos de idade. O segundo estudo foi realizado nas crianças suspeitas de toxoplasmose congênita acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Infecções Congênitas do HC. Das 86 encaminhadas para acompanhamento, apenas 56 retornaram para consulta. As amostras dessas crianças foram testadas para IgM anti T.gondii pelas técnicas MEIA, ELFA e IFI e para IgA por ELISA captura. O diagnóstico da infecção congênita foi concluído em 44 RN, sendo que 28 estavam infectados e 16 não estavam. Dos 28 infectados, 42,9% (12/28) apresentaram IgM reagente pelas técnicas usadas. A sensibilidade, 84 especificidade, acurácia, valores preditivos positivo e negativo das técnicas MEIA e ELFA foram iguais, respectivamente de 36,7%, 100%, 100%, 47,1% e 59,1%; da IFI 28,6%, 87,5%, 80,0%, 44,4% e 50% e da IgA de 25,0%, 100%, 100%, 43,2% e 52,3%. A IgM foi reagente em 81,8% (9/11) das crianças sintomáticas, demonstrando sua relação com a gravidade da transmissão vertical, com maiores concentrações em crianças mais afetadas pelo processo infeccioso intra-uterino. Por outro lado, não foi detectada em 57,1% (16/28) dos infectados, provavelmente em conseqüência do tratamento da mãe. A sensibilidade da IgM anti T.gondii, associando três técnicas (MEIA, ELFA e IFI) foi de 42,9% (12/28) e da IgA foi de 25% (7/28), mostrando que a suspeita de toxoplasmose congênita não pode ser afastada apenas pela ausência desses anticorpos.
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Chen, Frieda Huey. "A study of the IgM interaction with complement using mouse IgM/IgG2b domain-switched hybrids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35123.pdf.
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BESIERS, CHRISTOPHE. "Alveolites allergiques extrinseques (poumon d'eleveurs d'oiseaux et poumon du fermier) : criteres diagnostiques et interet des isotypes specifiques igg, igm et iga." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMM027.
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Garyfalos, Anargyros. "IGM : Intelligent gateway multicast for MIPv6." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525327.
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Ali, Sihaam. "Validering av metod för IgG eller IgM bestämning hos anti-M immuniserade gravida kvinnor." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51327.
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Keiserman, Briele. "Isotipos IgG e IgM anti-dsDNA em pacientes com l?pus eritematoso sist?mico." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1686.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-28IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies are associated to lupus nephritis. Recent data suggest that IgM isotype is nephroprotector. We evaluated the frequency of IgG anti-dsDNA in patients with Systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and its relation between IgG/IgM proportion and clinical manifestations of the disease. This transversal study included 137 SLE patients according to traditional criteria (92.5% female, 79.5% Caucasian) and 58 SLE individual (93.1% female, 81% Caucasian) selected by positivity for IgG anti-dsDNA. IgG and IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected by Chrithidiae luciliae indirect immunofluorescence with cut point 1/10 dilution. The presence of IgG anti-dsDNA was associated to the presence of hemolytic anemia, leukopenia/lymphopenia and Complement depletion (p<0.001). Of the 58 patients positive for IgG anti-dsDNA 15 were also positive for IgM anti-dsDNA. The group presenting both isotypes showed significant less frequency of active urinary sediment when compared to isolated IgG anti-dsDNA (6.7% versus 34.9%, p=0.046). IgG/IgM proportion distribution evidenced a trend of higher medians in the presence of arthritis and leukopenia/lymphopenia [4 (2-8) versus 1 (1-2), p=0.070 and 4 (3-8) versus 1 (1-4), p=0.066, respectively]. Summarizing, the frequency of IG anti-dsDNA was relevant in our casuistic. Positive subpopulation for both IgG/IgM isotypes anti-dsDNA was less willing to urinary sediment alterations than IgG anti-dsDNA isolated population. These data suggest a distinct biologic behavior for IgM anti-dsDNA.
Anticorpos IgG anti-dsDNA se associam ? ocorr?ncia de nefrite l?pica. Relatos recentes sugerem que o isotipo IgM anti-dsDNA seja nefroprotetor. Avaliamos frequ?ncia de IgG anti-dsDNA em pacientes com l?pus eritematoso sist?mico (LES), e averiguamos a rela??o entre propor??o IgG/IgM anti-dsDNA e manifesta??es cl?nicas da doen?a. O estudo, transversal, incluiu 137 pacientes com LES de acordo com os crit?rios tradicionais (92,5% mulheres, 79,5% ra?a branca) e uma popula??o de 58 casos de LES (93,1% mulheres, 81% ra?a branca) selecionados por positividade para IgG anti-dsDNA. Anticorpos IgG e IgM anti-dsDNA foram detectados por imunofluoresc?ncia indireta com Crithidia luciliae, com ponto de corte na dilui??o 1/10. A presen?a de IgG anti-dsDNA se associou ? presen?a de anemia hemol?tica, leucolinfopenia e deple??o de Complemento (p<0, 001). Dos 58 pacientes com teste positivo para IgG anti-dsDNA, 15 foram tamb?m positivos para o isotipo IgM. O grupo com ambos os isotipos teve frequ?ncia significativamente menor de sedimento urin?rio ativo quando comparado ao grupo com IgG anti-dsDNA isolado (6,7% versus 34,9%, p=0, 046). A distribui??o da propor??o IgG/IgM anti-dsDNA evidenciou tend?ncia de medianas mais elevadas na presen?a de artrite e leucolinfopenia [4 (2-8) versus 1 (1-2), p=0, 070 e 4 (3-8) versus 1 (1-4), p=0, 066, respectivamente]. Em suma, a frequ?ncia de IgG anti-dsDNA foi relevante em nossa casu?stica. A subpopula??o positiva para ambos IgG e IgM anti-dsDNA foi menos propensa a altera??es de sedimento urin?rio do que aquela com IgG anti-dsDNA isolado. Estes dados sugerem um comportamento biol?gico distinto para o isotipo IgM anti-dsDNA.
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Mouthon, Luc. "Analyse des repertoires autoreactifs des igm et des igg dans le serum humain normal." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077252.
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Les techniques qui permettent d'etudier le repertoire autoreactif exprime des lymphocytes b interessent en regle un nombre limite d'autoantigenes. Le nombre des antigenes testes peut etre augmente en utilisant une technique d'immunoblot. A l'aide d'une technique de western blot quantitatif, nous avons etudie les repertoires des reactivites des anticorps presents dans le serum d'individus sains vis-a-vis d'antigenes proteiques extraits de tissus humains normaux. Le repertoire des igm du sang de cordon etait tres homogene entre les individus, etait restreint a un nombre limite de bandes proteiques et differait significativement du repertoire des igm seriques de jeunes enfants et d'hommes adultes jeunes. Le repertoire auto-reactif des igm seriques d'hommes adultes jeunes, de femmes nullipares, de femmes enceintes, d'enfants et d'individus ages etait relativement homogene entre les individus au sein de chacun des groupes et entre les groupes d'individus. Le repertoire auto-reactif des igg purifiees etait conserve entre les individus sains quelque soit leur age et leur sexe. La reactivite des igg seriques vis-a-vis des antigenes du soi etait plus faible dans le serum total que dans les igg purifiees lorsque celles-ci etaient testees a la meme concentration. La difference d'intensite de reactivite entre les igg purifiees et les igg seriques variait d'un individu a l'autre et d'une bande proteique a l'autre. Des differences interindividuelles marquees dans la reactivite des igg seriques vis-a-vis des antigenes du soi etaient objectivees, et chaque individu avait un profil auto-reactif des igg seriques qui lui etait propre. Les repertoires des igg seriques ne differaient pas significativement entre les enfants, les hommes adultes jeunes, les sujets ages, les femmes nullipares et les femmes enceintes au troisieme trimestre de la grossesse. Le repertoire des igm seriques dirigees vis-a-vis des antigenes exterieurs est limite a un petit nombre d'antigenes, est relativement conserve entre les individus et ne se diversifie pas avec l'age, tandis que le repertoire des reactivites igg dirigees vis-a-vis des antigenes exterieurs varie d'un individu a l'autre et que l'ampleur des differences interindividuelles observees augmente avec l'age. Ces resultats plaident en faveur de l'existence d'une selection positive des lymphocytes b dans la moelle osseuse par un nombre restreint d'antigenes du soi
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Kumbaric, Sana, and Lejla Odobasic. "Verifiering av EliA-metoden för analys av reumatoid faktor IgM och anti-CCP IgG." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44587.
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Reumatoid artrit (RA) är den vanligaste autoimmuna sjukdomen och prevalensen är 0.5-1.0% av populationen i industriella länder. Diagnos av RA sker bland annat genom analys av markörerna reumatoid faktor (RF) samt antikroppar mot cykliskt citrullinerad peptid (anti-CCP). Nefelometrisk metod samt CMIA har båda varit huvudmetoder för markörerna RF och anti-CCP respektive vid utredning av RA på Laboratoriemedicin på Länssjukhuset Ryhov i Jönköping. Införskaffning av instrumentet Phadia 250 har gjort det möjligt att sammanställa analyserna för markörerna på samma enhet. Syftet med studien var att verifiera EliA-metoden för anti-CCP samt RF på instrumentet Phadia 250 för att kunna ersätta nuvarande analysmetoder för de båda RA-markörerna. Bestämning av cut-off, mellanliggande precision, inomserieprecision samt överensstämmelse med tidigare metod utfördes. Totalt 115 prover (70 blodgivare, 30 patientprover och 15 konsekutiva prover) användes. En korrelation utfördes för CMIA respektive nefelometriska metoden med EliA-metoden samt en kategoriöverensstämmelse för nefelometrisk metod, CMIA och EliA-metoden. God korrelation erhölls för anti-CCP mellan CMIA och EliA-metoden (r=0.953, p=0.001) samt för RF mellan nefelometriska metoden och EliA-metoden (r=0.835, p=0.048). Analys av samtliga markörer bör inkluderas som screening för RA för att upptäcka sjukdomen. Metoden EliA tillät analys av båda markörer och verifieringen möjliggjorde övergången till EliA-metoden för Laboratoriemedicin i Jönköping.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease and the prevalence is 0.5-1.0% among the population in industrial countries. Diagnosis of RA is based partially on detection of the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP). Nephelometry and CMIA have been the main methods for detection of the antibodies at Laboratoriemedicin at the County Hospital Ryhov in Jönköping. The purpose of this study was to verify the EliA-method for anti-CCP and RF on Phadia 250 in order to replace the current methods with the EliA-method. Determination of cut-off, intermediate precision, within-run precision and consistency with the previous method was performed on a total of 115 samples (70 blood-donors, 30 patient samples and 15 consecutive samples). A correlation between CMIA and the nephelometric method with EliA-method was performed and a cathegorical correspondance was done to assess the accordance between the previous methods with the EliA-method. A good correlation was obtained for anti-CCP between CMIA and the EliA-method (r=0.953, p=0.001) and RF obtained good correlation between the nephelometric method and the EliA-method (r=0.835, p=0.048). Analysis of both markers simultaneously has been recommended and the verification enabled the transition to the EliA-method on Phadia 250 for Laboratoriemedicin in Jönköping.
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Facin, Andrea Cintra. "Concentração de imunoglobulinas (IgA, IgG e IgM ) e de interleucinas (IL-1[beta], IL-10 e IF-y) em pacientes com endometriose." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13188.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar as imunidades humoral e celular de pacientes com endometriose, analisamos as concentrações das Imunoglobulinas ( A, G e M ) e das Interleucinas (1β, 10 e IFγ) no soro e no líquido peritonial. Também analisamos a sua associação com a presença de infertilidade, o nível de dor apresentado e a extensão da endometriose. Foram coletadas amostras de soro e líquido peritonial de 43 pacientes submetidas a laparoscopia, que foram divididas em 4 grupos : 20 pacientes inférteis com endometriose, 9 pacientes inférteis sem endometriose, 4 pacientes férteis com endometriose e 10 pacientes férteis sem endometriose. As concentrações de IL-1β, IL-10 e IFγ foram determinadas pela método de ELISA e as concentrações de IgA, IgG e IgM foram feitas pela técnica de imunodifusão radial. Nas pacientes com endometriose, as concentrações de IgA no soro e do líquido peritonial foram maiores nas pacientes inférteis do que nas férteis. A IgG estava mais elevada nas pacientes sem endometriose do que nas pacientes com endometriose, todas inférteis. Os níveis de interleucina 10 no líquido peritonial de pacientes com endometriose foram mais elevados nas pacientes inférteis do que nas férteis e Interferon γ apresentou concentrações mais baixas no soro e no líquido peritonial de pacientes inférteis sem endometriose. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos para as concentrações de IgM e IL-1β, bem como nas correlações entre os níveis de citocinas e imunoglobulinas entre os diferentes grupos com os graus de endometriose e os níveis de dor nessas pacientes.
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Rodrigues, Jaqueline Polizeli. "Testes fluorimétricos na sorologia da toxoplasmose humana: detecção simultânea de anticorpos de IgG e IgM específicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-17032014-115211/.
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A toxoplasmose, protozoose disseminada de baixa morbidade, apresenta número significativo de doença ocular, congênita ou do sistema nervoso central. O diagnóstico é sorológico por diferentes testes, mas limiares baixos e variação individual levam a frequentes problemas. Novos imunoensaios fluorescentes de fase sólida (FLISA) usam a quantificação direta de anticorpos. Aqui, desenvolvemos um FLISA multiplex (FLISAm) para a detecção simultânea de anticorpos IgG e IgM contra Toxoplasma gondii. Após padronização, a eficiência do FLISAm com conjugados comerciais foi feita inicialmente de forma isolada para cada imunoglobulina em 140 amostras de soro de universitários previamente analisadas pelo ELISA IgG/IgM. FLISA IgG mostrou boa concordância (Kappa=0,7088), com sensibilidade de 83,3% e especificidade de 94,2%, enquanto FLISA IgM apresentou boa concordância (K=0,6026), menor sensibilidade de 55,5% e igual especificidade de 98,4%. Foram produzidos novos conjugados fluorescentes de maior especificidade e seu desempenho no FLISAm foi validado em 24 amostras e sua eficiência foi avaliada em 120 amostras conhecidas de soro de gestantes. FLISAm mostrou excelente concordância, tanto para a detecção de anticorpos IgG (K=0.8837, sensibilidade=100,0%, especificidade=87,5%), quanto para a detecção de anticorpos IgM (K=0,9187, sensibilidade=100%, especificidade=99,1%) com excelente reprodutibilidade. O teste desenvolvido é rápido, econômico, de fácil execução, alto rendimento e que pode ser utilizado como método de triagem de soroconversão em mulheres grávidas, útil em aplicações de grande número de amostras como o cuidado pré-natal.Toxoplasmosis, a disseminated low morbidity protozoan disease, presented significant numbers of affected people, mainly ocular disease, fetal infections or encephalitis in immune deficient patients. Serology is the main diagnosis with commercial antibody assays, but individual variation or low thresholds cause many inconsistencies. New solid phase immunofluorescence assays (FLISA) allows direct antibody quantification in microplates. Here, we developed a multiplex FLISA (FLISAm) for simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. After standardization, the efficiency of this method was initially analyzed in isolated FLISA for each immunoglobulin with commercial conjugates in 140 serum samples of the students previously screened by IgG/IgM ELISA. IgG FLISA showed good concordance (Kappa=0.7088), 83,3% sensitivity and 94,2% specificity, while IgM FLISA also showed good concordance (Kappa=0,6026), lower 55,5% sensitivity and similar 98,4% specificity. New higher efficiency conjugated were prepared and tested in 120 serum samples of the pregnant woman in a same well conjunct IgG/IgM FLISAm. We also validate the FLISAm in 24 serum samples. Compared to isolated ELISA IgG/IgM, FLISAm demonstrated excellent concordance for IgG (Kappa=0.8837; sensitivity=100%; specificity=87,5%,) and IgM (Kappa=0,9187; sensitivity=100%; specificity=99,1%), with excellent reproducibility. The standardized FLISAm is quick, inexpensive, easily performed and high throughput and the assay can be used for screening serum conversion in pregnant women, useful in large numbers applications as antenatal care.
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Garbatini, Elisa <1982>. "Valutazione clinica, clinicopatologica e quantificazione di IgG e IgM in corso di leishmaniosi canina: studio retrospettivo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4856/1/Tesi_ELISA_def_.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La leishmaniosi canina (LCan) causata da Leishmania infantum rappresenta un’importante zoonosi in molte aree del mondo ed il cane rappresenta il principale reservoir del parassita per l’uomo. Il tipo di risposta immunitaria che i soggetti colpiti mettono in atto condiziona fortemente la progressione della malattia: animali che non sviluppano un’adeguata risposta immunitaria cellulo-mediata mostrano la sintomatologia clinica nonostante abbiano una forte ma inefficace risposta umorale che contribuisce al peggioramento della sintomatologia clinica.
L’obbiettivo dello studio è stato quello valutare da un punto di vista descrittivo il segnalamento, i segni clinici e clinicopatologici dei pazienti affetti da leishmaniosi portati in visita presso il Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie nel periodo compreso da Gennaio 2002 a Marzo 2012 con particolare attenzione sull’impatto della patologia renale e dell’anemia nel quadro clinico della LCan. In base ai risultati ottenuti è stato possibile affermare che la leishmaniosi canina è una patologia relativamente frequente nella nostra realtà clinica universitaria e che presenta caratteristiche cliniche e clinicopatologiche simili a quelle riportate in letteratura. I nostri risultati preliminari suggeriscono che in questa malattia il coinvolgimento renale e le conseguenze sistemiche che ne derivano possono essere predominanti a livello clinico e laboratoristico. La gravità del quadro clinico appare associata in maniera significativa all’entità della risposta umorale e del successivo coinvolgimento glomerulare nel contesto di una risposta infiammatoria sistemica cronica.
Successivamente, sono state misurate le concentrazioni di IgG ed IgM in corso di follow-up in alcuni dei soggetti inclusi nello studio e sottoposti a differenti trattamenti anti-leishmania. Dai risultati preliminari ottenuti nel nostro lavoro è stato possibile affermare che in corso di trattamento le concentrazioni di tali immunoglobuline subiscono una riduzione progressiva confermando pertanto l’efficacia del trattamento anti-leishmania non solo nella remissione della sintomatologia clinica ma anche nel ripristino della normale risposta umorale.Canine leishmaniasis (LCan) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important zoonosis in many parts of the world and the dog is the main reservoir of the parasite to humans. The type of immune response that those affected put in place strongly influences the progression of the disease: the animals do not develop adequate cell-immune mediated response show clinical symptoms despite having a strong but ineffective humoral response that contributes to worsening the clinical symptoms . The objective of this study was to evaluate a descriptive standpoint, signaling, clinical and clinicopathological signs of leishmaniasis patients taken to visit at the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences during the period from January 2003 to March 2012 with particular attention to the impact of kidney disease and anemia in the clinical picture of LCan. Based on the results obtained it was possible to say that leishmaniasis is a relatively common disease in our clinical practice and that the clinical features and clinicopathological features are similar to those reported in the literature. Our preliminary results suggest that in this disease, renal involvement and systemic consequences can be predominant in the clinical and laboratory findings. The severity of the clinical picture is significantly associated with the extent of the humoral response and subsequent glomerular involvement in the context of a chronic systemic inflammatory response. Subsequently, we measured the concentrations of IgG and IgM in the course of follow-up in some of the subjects included in the study and subjected to different anti-Leishmania treatment. By preliminary results obtained in our work it has been possible to state that in the course of treatment, the concentrations of these immunoglobulins undergo a progressive reduction thus confirming the effectiveness of anti-Leishmania treatment not only in the remission of clinical symptoms but also in the restoration of normal humoral response.
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Garbatini, Elisa <1982>. "Valutazione clinica, clinicopatologica e quantificazione di IgG e IgM in corso di leishmaniosi canina: studio retrospettivo." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4856/.
Full textAbstract:
La leishmaniosi canina (LCan) causata da Leishmania infantum rappresenta un’importante zoonosi in molte aree del mondo ed il cane rappresenta il principale reservoir del parassita per l’uomo. Il tipo di risposta immunitaria che i soggetti colpiti mettono in atto condiziona fortemente la progressione della malattia: animali che non sviluppano un’adeguata risposta immunitaria cellulo-mediata mostrano la sintomatologia clinica nonostante abbiano una forte ma inefficace risposta umorale che contribuisce al peggioramento della sintomatologia clinica.
L’obbiettivo dello studio è stato quello valutare da un punto di vista descrittivo il segnalamento, i segni clinici e clinicopatologici dei pazienti affetti da leishmaniosi portati in visita presso il Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie nel periodo compreso da Gennaio 2002 a Marzo 2012 con particolare attenzione sull’impatto della patologia renale e dell’anemia nel quadro clinico della LCan. In base ai risultati ottenuti è stato possibile affermare che la leishmaniosi canina è una patologia relativamente frequente nella nostra realtà clinica universitaria e che presenta caratteristiche cliniche e clinicopatologiche simili a quelle riportate in letteratura. I nostri risultati preliminari suggeriscono che in questa malattia il coinvolgimento renale e le conseguenze sistemiche che ne derivano possono essere predominanti a livello clinico e laboratoristico. La gravità del quadro clinico appare associata in maniera significativa all’entità della risposta umorale e del successivo coinvolgimento glomerulare nel contesto di una risposta infiammatoria sistemica cronica.
Successivamente, sono state misurate le concentrazioni di IgG ed IgM in corso di follow-up in alcuni dei soggetti inclusi nello studio e sottoposti a differenti trattamenti anti-leishmania. Dai risultati preliminari ottenuti nel nostro lavoro è stato possibile affermare che in corso di trattamento le concentrazioni di tali immunoglobuline subiscono una riduzione progressiva confermando pertanto l’efficacia del trattamento anti-leishmania non solo nella remissione della sintomatologia clinica ma anche nel ripristino della normale risposta umorale.Canine leishmaniasis (LCan) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important zoonosis in many parts of the world and the dog is the main reservoir of the parasite to humans. The type of immune response that those affected put in place strongly influences the progression of the disease: the animals do not develop adequate cell-immune mediated response show clinical symptoms despite having a strong but ineffective humoral response that contributes to worsening the clinical symptoms . The objective of this study was to evaluate a descriptive standpoint, signaling, clinical and clinicopathological signs of leishmaniasis patients taken to visit at the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences during the period from January 2003 to March 2012 with particular attention to the impact of kidney disease and anemia in the clinical picture of LCan. Based on the results obtained it was possible to say that leishmaniasis is a relatively common disease in our clinical practice and that the clinical features and clinicopathological features are similar to those reported in the literature. Our preliminary results suggest that in this disease, renal involvement and systemic consequences can be predominant in the clinical and laboratory findings. The severity of the clinical picture is significantly associated with the extent of the humoral response and subsequent glomerular involvement in the context of a chronic systemic inflammatory response. Subsequently, we measured the concentrations of IgG and IgM in the course of follow-up in some of the subjects included in the study and subjected to different anti-Leishmania treatment. By preliminary results obtained in our work it has been possible to state that in the course of treatment, the concentrations of these immunoglobulins undergo a progressive reduction thus confirming the effectiveness of anti-Leishmania treatment not only in the remission of clinical symptoms but also in the restoration of normal humoral response.
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Roberts-Thomson, Peter John. "Low molecular weight IgM in health and disease /." Title page, index and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdr648.pdf.
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Turcios, Lilia M. "POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF AFP AND IgM GENES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/210.
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Gene expression can be regulated at multiple steps once transcription is initiated. I have studied two different gene models, the α-Fetoprotein (AFP) and the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgM) genes, to better understand post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanisms. The AFP gene is highly expressed during fetal liver development and dramatically repressed after birth. There is a mouse strain-specific difference between adult levels of AFP, with BALB/cJ mice expressing 10 to 20-fold higher levels compared to other mouse strains. BALB/cJ mice express low levels of Zhx2 and thus incompletely repress AFP. Despite differences in steady state AFP mRNA levels in the adult liver between Balb/cJ and wild-type mice, transcription rates across this gene were similar, indicating a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. I found accumulated unspliced RNA across multiple AFP introns in wild-type mice where mature AFP mRNA levels are low, suggesting overall AFP splicing is inefficient in the presence of Zhx2. The IgM gene is alternative processed to produce two mRNA isoforms through a competition between cleavage/polyadenylation (μspA) and splicing reactions and the pA/splice RNA expression ratio increases during B cell maturation. Cotranscriptional cleavage (CoTC) events, driven by specific cis-acting elements, are required downstream of some poly(A) signals to terminate transcription. In some cases, a pause site can produce similar effect. I explored whether there is a CoTC-like element within the IgM gene that may contribute to developmental changes in the mRNA ratio. In both a B cell and plasma cell line there was a gradual decrease in transcripts downstream from the μspA signal, suggesting that there is not evidence for a CoTC element within the IgM gene. To examine the effect a CoTC element would have on the competition between the splice and μspA reactions, we inserted the CoTC sequence of the β-globin gene into different locations downstream of the μspA signal. While the β-globin CoTC element caused cotranscriptional cleavage in all locations, it only affected the μspA/splice ratio when located close to the μspA site. This suggests there is a position effect of the inserted CoTC element on the competing polyadenylation and splicing reactions within the IgM transcripts.
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Sörman, Anna. "IgM and Complement in Regulation of Antibody Responses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263472.
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Animals deficient in complement components C1q, C4, C3, and CR1/2 have severely impaired antibody responses. C1q is primarily activated by antibody-antigen complexes. Antigen-specific IgM in complex with an antigen is able to enhance the antibody response against that antigen. This is dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement. Naïve mice have very low amounts of specific antibodies and therefore it is surprising that classical pathway activation plays a role for primary antibody responses. It was hypothesized that natural IgM, present in naïve mice, would bind an antigen with enough affinity to activate C1q. To test this, a knock-in mouse strain, Cm13, with a point mutation in m heavy chain, making its IgM unable to activate complement was constructed. Surprisingly, the antibody responses in Cm13 were normal. Puzzled by the finding that the ability of IgM to activate complement was required only for some effects, the immunization protocol was changed to mimic an infectious scenario. With this regime, Cm13 mice had an impaired antibody response compared to wildtype (WT) mice. The antibody response in WT mice to these repeated low-dose immunizations was also enhanced. These observations suggest that IgM-mediated enhancement indeed plays a physiological role in initiation of early antibody responses. IgM-mediated enhancement cannot however compensate for the dependecy of T-cell help. Although IgM from WT mice enhanced the antibody response, the T-cell response was not enhanced. The connection between classical pathway activation and CR1/2 is thought to be generation of ligands for CR1/2. In mice, CR1/2 are expressed on B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Although CR1/2 are crucial for a normal antibody response, the molecular mechanism(s) are not understood. To investigate whether CR1/2 must be expressed on B-cells or FDC to generate a normal antibody response, chimeric mice between WT and CR1/2-deficient mice were constructed. The results show that CR1/2+ FDC were crucial for the generation of antibody responses. In the presence of CR1/2+ FDC, both CR1/2+ and CR1/2- B cells were equally good antibody producers. However, for an optimally enhanced antibody response against IgM-antigen complexes, both B cells and FDC needed to express CR1/2.
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Morais, Viviane Martha Santos de. "Dosagem da IgA sérica por ELISA de captura para o diagnóstico de dengue." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11673.
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Introdução: O diagnóstico rápido, simples e preciso para confirmar a infecção pelo vírus dengue (DENV) é uma necessidade real, uma vez que a doença pode se manifestar com um amplo espectro de sinais e sintomas, similares a outros quadros febris agudos. Durante a infecção por dengue se verifica também a produção da imunoglobulina A (IgA) específica, que aumenta ao mesmo tempo que a imunoglobulina M (IgM), permanece positiva por um período de tempo mais curto e se apresenta em níveis mais elevados na infecção secundária. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de IgA no soro durante a infecção primária e secundária (sequencial) pelo DENV. Metodologia: Foram avaliadas amostras de soro por meio do teste imunoenzimático de captura da IgA (AAC-ELISA) in house. Resultados: Avaliou-se um total de 445 amostras de soro, sendo 171 caracterizados como infecção primária e 194 secundária; 40 amostras de indivíduos saudáveis negativos para dengue e 40 de vacinados contra febre amarela. As amostras foram distribuídas em 13 grupos. A positividade da IgA foi de 42,2% (154/365), sendo 27,5% (47/171) na infecção primária e 55,2% (107/194) na secundária. Na infecção secundária, a IgA foi detectada do 2º ao 4º dias de sintomas (grupo 1), antes mesmo da IgM, assim como no grupo 11 no qual a IgM não havia sido detectada (infecção secundária). Na infecção primária o maior valor da sensibilidade foi de 60,0 (36,4 - 80,0) no grupo com 30-35 dias de sintomas e na secundária foi de 87,5% (60,4 – 97,8), grupo com 8 dias de sintomas. A especificidade foi de 100% nas duas infecções (94,3 – 100). Ao aplicar o teste em paralelo para ambas técnicas observou-se um aumento global de 6,6% na sensibilidade do diagnóstico; sendo 2,7% para a infecção primária e de 15,2% para a secundária. A IgA não foi detectada nas amostras dos indivíduos saudáveis, nem nas amostras dos indivíduos recentemente vacinados contra febre amarela. Conclusões: A detecção da IgA demonstrou ser útil como forma de diagnóstico sorológico e em conjunto com a detecção da IgM poderá auxiliar na confirmação de casos agudos de dengue e na interpretação dos resultados de casos inconclusivos, permitindo a adoção de medidas preventivas para evitar a ocorrência de epidemias e ocorrência de casos graves e óbitos.
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Schmidt, Carolin [Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolmar, and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Schüttrumpf. "Functional characterization of a new IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin preparation / Carolin Schmidt ; Harald Kolmar, Jörg Schüttrumpf." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122361901X/34.
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Broult, Julien. "La sérologie du virus Epstein-Barr : comparaison du test enzygnost anti-EBV IgG/IgM avec l'immunofluorescence indirecte." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23097.
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Schmidt, Carolin Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolmar, and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schüttrumpf. "Functional characterization of a new IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin preparation / Carolin Schmidt ; Harald Kolmar, Jörg Schüttrumpf." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122361901X/34.
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Schmidt, Carolin Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kolmar, and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Schüttrumpf. "Functional characterization of a new IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin preparation / Carolin Schmidt ; Harald Kolmar, Jörg Schüttrumpf." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122361901X/34.
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Rutemark, Christian. "The Role of IgM and Complement in Antibody Responses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160610.
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An intact complement system including the complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) is crucial for the generation of a normal antibody response in animals and humans. Moreover, activation of the classical pathway is thought to be important since deficiency in complement components C1q, C2, C4 or C3 lead to impaired antibody responses. The classical pathway is mainly initiated by antibodies bound to their antigen. It is unclear how classical pathway activation can be crucial for primary antibody responses since the levels of specific antibodies are very low in naïve animals. It has been hypothesized that natural IgM, with high enough affinity, can initiate the classical pathway after immunization. To test this, we generated the knock-in mouse strain Cμ13, producing IgM unable to activate complement. Surprisingly, the antibody response against SRBC and KLH in Cµ13 mice was normal. Thus, the importance of classical pathway activation and natural IgM in antibody responses is not dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement. SIGN-R1, SAP and CRP are other known activators of the classical pathway, but mice lacking these also had normal antibody responses. Complement activation leads to the generation of C3 split products which are ligands for CR1/2. In mice, CR1/2 are expressed on B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDC), but it is unclear on which cell-type expression of CR1/2 is needed for the generation of a normal antibody response. Some reports argue that increased antigen retention by CR1/2+ FDC would increase the effective antigen concentration, giving more effective B-cell stimulation. In contrast, several mechanisms involving CR1/2 on B cells are suggested. First, marginal zone B cells could transport complement-coated antigen or IC via CR1/2 into the follicle. Second, different ways of co-crosslinking the B-cell receptor with CR1/2, lowering the threshold for B-cell activation, have been proposed. Finally, CR1/2 on B cells are shown in vitro to facilitate endocytosis and thereby presentation of antigen to T cells. We show that abrogated antibody responses in mice lacking CR1/2 are not due to lack of CR1/2-mediated antigen presentation to T cells. Chimeric mice with CR1/2 expression on both B cells and FDC, on neither B cells nor FDC, or on either B cells or FDC, were generated. The antibody response against SRBC was completely dependent of CR1/2-expression on FDC. However, when this requirement was fulfilled, B cells without expression of CR1/2 were equally efficient antibody producers as wildtype B cells. Antigen-specific IgM together with its antigen can enhance the antibody response to that antigen and CR1/2-expression is crucial for the enhancement. We show that the response to IgM in complex with SRBC is dependent on CR1/2 expression on both B cells and FDC.
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Baker, Nicole Duarte Vigar. "The role of serum IGM in immunity and autoimmunity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444636/.
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Natural IgM has a wide range of actions in the immune system, is the first class of antibody to be produced, provides immediate defence against infection and assists subsequent development of the immune response. IgM is a potent complement activator, because of its pentameric structure and can have stable interactions with polymeric antigens. Here I investigated the effects of serum IgM deficiency on B cell development. Mice lacking serum IgM (Su-) have an expansion in marginal zone (MZ) B cells with a corresponding reduction in follicular (FO) B cells. This expansion in MZ B cells is further accentuated in response to T-independent antigens. I have found that the increase in MZ/FO B cell ratio (and the expansion of peritoneal B1 cells) is fully reversed by administration of polyclonal, but not monoclonal, IgM. Natural IgM, by virtue of its polyreactivity, may enhance antigen driven signalling through the B cell receptor (BCR) and promote the formation of FO B cells. Conversely, in the absence of serum IgM, BCR signalling is reduced and MZ B cells are preferentially formed. In the absence of serum IgM, splenic follicular B cells have a shortened life span whereas peritoneal B1 B cells have a longer life span. However proliferation, and calcium mobilisation in response to BCR crosslinking in vitro is normal. These results demonstrate that natural IgM regulates the selection of B lymphocyte subsets in the periphery. It was previously shown that S i mice have an increased propensity for developing IgG autoantibodies. In order to determine whether serum IgM deficiency accelerates autoimmunity, Su- mice were intercrossed into C57Black/6/pr mutant mice, which develop mild autoimmunity and lymphadenopathy. It was found that splenic marginal zone B cell numbers were further increased in the Ipr serum IgM deficient (S i-lpr) mice. This increase in MZ B cells is associated with more severe lymphadenopathy, but not with worsening autoimmunity. Furthermore, the autoimmunity observed in these mice does not appear to be as a direct consequence of MZ B cell expansion.
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ADIB-CONQUY, MINOU. "Etude des igm anti-f(ab)2 participant a la regulation des autoanticorps naturels igg chez la souris." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077002.
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Dans ce travail, nous avons montre que des igm presentes dans le serum de souris normales, en interagissant avec les fragments f(ab)2 des igg, inhibaient leur fixation sur les autoantigenes, ceci probablement par des interactions de type idiotypique. Contrairement, a ce qui a ete observe chez la souris normale, cette regulation des igg semble defectueuse dans certains cas pathologiques: lors de maladies autoimmunes comme le lupus ou apres infection par un parasite. Par la suite, nous avons obtenu des anticorps monoclonaux, igm anti-f(ab)2 et autoanticorps igg polyreactifs, qui presentent des reactivites tres similaires a celles des anticorps seriques. Ces resultats confirment ce que nous avons precedemment observe dans le serum de souris normales. Enfin, nous avons determine la sequence nucleotidique d'une igm anti-f(ab)2 et l'avons comparee avec une igm naturelle utilisant les memes segments vh djh et vl jl mais qui contrairement a notre anticorps est polyreactive. Ces deux igm presentent uniquement des differences en acides amines sur la chaine lourde. La plus grande difference se situe dans le cdr 3 suggerant qu'il peut jouer un role important dans la reactivite de ces anticorps et apporte quelques hypotheses quant a la relation entre la structure d'un anticorps et sa multireactivite
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Di, Giuseppe Marco. "Use of gamma-globulin values to predict positive IgM and IgG serum for encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423474.
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) is a parasite that can infect a variety of animals, including immune-compromised humans. Rabbits are prone to encephalitozoonosis but the subclinical course and high serum prevalence make it difficult to diagnose with certainty in live animals. Different approaches have been used to detect the presence of an active infection in symptomatic rabbits: antibody titers, positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum for E. cuniculi, electrophoresis, PCR in urine, cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
In this study seventy-six rabbits showing symptoms related to this disease were divided into three groups based on their antibody results: IgM+ IgG+, IgM- IgG+, and IgM- IgG-. Statistical analysis showed that total serum protein was not effective in predicting an antibody response. In contrast the γ-globulin ranges from serum electrophoresis predicted whether the subject was positive for IgM and/or IgG. A significant quantitative correlation between percentage of γ-globulins and positive IgM and IgG serum for E. cuniculi was established in symptomatic rabbits. Hence, these values can be useful for screening both symptomatic and asymptomatic rabbits.Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) è un parassita che può infettare diversi organismi e anche esseri umani immuno-compromessi. Sebbene i conigli siano molto suscettibili all'encefalitozoonosi, il decorso clinico, spesso asintomatico, e l'alto tasso di siero-positività rendono difficile formulare una diagnosi di certezza in vita. Negli anni sono stati suggeriti diversi approcci per identificare la presenza di un' infezione attiva in conigli sintomatici: l'utilizzo di titoli anticorpali, la presenza nel siero di Immunoglobuline M (IgM) ed immunoglobuline G (IgG) specifiche, l'utilizzo dell'elettroforesi sierica, l'identificazione del DNA del parassita mediante PCR sulle urine e l'analisi del liquido cefalorachidiano. In questo studio settantasei conigli che presentavano sintomi riferibili a questa malattia sono stati divisi in tre gruppi in base ai loro risultati anticorpali: IgM+ IgG+, IgM- IgG+, and IgM- IgG-. Le analisi statistiche condotte sui dati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che le proteine sieriche totali non sono utili nel predire la risposta anticorpale. Di contro i valori delle γ-globuline ottenuti mediante l'elettroforesi sierica sono stati in grado di predire la presenza di IgM e/o IgG. È stata pertanto trovata una correlazione significativa e quantitativa tra le percentuali delle γ-globuline e la presenza o meno di IgM e IgG per E. cuniculi nel siero di conigli sintomatici. Questi risultati possono essere utili per eseguire uno screening sia nei soggetti sintomatici sia che in quelli asintomatici.
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Ripoll, Pastor Greta 1989. "Chimeric synthetic peptides as diagnostic tools : a novel IgM-specific immunoassay for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis : Driving innovation towards next-generation IgM immunoassays." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671697.
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Serologic tests detecting anti- T. gondii IgM are the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. Nevertheless, most commercial kits are based on lysate antigens obtained from tachyzoites grown in mice or tissue culture which present inherent limitations in terms of performance, providing erroneous results to the physicians thus hindering patient management and requiring stringent regulation.
In this context, peptide-based antigens have emerged as an attractive alternative to overcome several of such issues. In this thesis we focused on designing and synthetizing a novel T. gondii IgM-specific chimeric peptide that was used to develop a chemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of anti-T. gondii IgMs. Additionally, we aimed to assess mouse monoclonal humanized chimeric antibodies as an alternative source to the human positive plasma-derived samples that are currently used to produce reference materials, such as calibrators and controls.
Along with its specific results, this thesis provides a set of innovative technologies to discover IgM-specific sequences translating them into robust antigens, to optimize immunoassay formulations, and to replace the current supply-chain of reference materials.Les proves serològiques que detecten IgMs contra T. gondii són referents en el diagnòstic de la toxoplasmosi aguda. No obstant, la majoria de kits comercials es basen en lisats antigènics obtinguts de taquizoïts cultivats en ratolins o cultius tissulars, els quals presenten limitacions inherents en termes de rendiment, proporcionant resultats erronis als metges, dificultant per tant el maneig dels pacients i exigint una rigorosa regulació. En aquest context, els antígens basats en pèptids resulten una alternativa atractiva per a superar alguns d’aquests problemes. En aquesta tesi ens hem centrat en el disseny i síntesi d’un nou pèptid quimèric específic per la detecció de IgM contra T. gondii, que hem utilitzat per a desenvolupar un immunoassaig quimioluminescent per a la detecció d’IgMs contra T. gondii. A més, la tesi ha tingut com a objectiu avaluar una font alternativa a les mostres positives derivades del plasma humà que actualment s’utilitzen per produir materials de referència com són els calibradors i controls. Més enllà dels resultats, aquesta tesi proporciona un compendi de tecnologies innovadores per descobrir seqüències IgM específiques, traduint-les en antígens fiables, optimitzar la formulació dels immunoassaigs, substituir l’actual cadena de subministrament de materials de referència.
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Verinaud, Claudia Iwashita. "Desenvolvimento de duas estratégias de purificação de IgM a partir de plasma humano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-21102016-104835/.
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Nesse trabalho foram estudadas 2 estratégias visando a purificação de IgM a partir de plasma humano. A primeira estratégia baseou-se em um processo desenhado para a fábrica de produção de hemoderivados do Instituto Butantan para a produção dos fatores de coagulação VIII e IX, albumina e IgG. Após 2 colunas cromatográficas, a IgM foi separada das 2 proteínas mais abundantes do plasma, a albumina e a IgG e o enriquecimento da IgM em relação a IgA e IgG foi bastante satisfatória. A segunda estratégia está inserida no processo de fracionamento de plasma desenvolvida em nosso laboratório. Através de um estudo sistemático em coluna de troca aniônica, obtivemos uma fração contendo IgG, uma contendo albumina, ambos praticamente puros e uma terceira contendo IgM e outras proteínas contaminantes. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a IgM pode ser purificada com sucesso empregando ambas as estratégias. Entretanto, para se obter um produto mais homogêneo, será necessário ainda adicionar uma ou mais etapas de purificação.In this work we studied two strategies for the purification human plasma IgM. The first strategy was based on a process designed for the hemoderivatives production factory of the Butantan Institute for the production of coagulation factors VIII and IX, albumin and IgG. After 2 chromatographies, IgM was separated from the 2 most abundant plasma proteins, that is, albumin and IgG and the achieved enrichment of IgM in relation to IgG and IGA was very satisfactory. The second strategy is part of a plasma fractionation process under development in our laboratory. Through a systematic study using an anionic exchange column we separated a fraction containing IgG, a second containing albumin, being both nearly pure and a third fraction containing IgM and other contaminating proteins. The obtained results indicate that IgM can be purified successfully by both strategies. However, to obtain a more homogeneous product, additional purification steps are necessary.
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Ghouma, S. M. "An investigation of the function of human IgM and IgG antibodies recognizing P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3022830/.
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Rickers, Anke. "Identifikation molekularer Regulatoren der anti-IgM induzierten B-Zell Apoptose." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=957678290.
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Gnedin, Nickolay Y., George D. Becker, and Xiaohui Fan. "Cosmic Reionization on Computers: Properties of the Post-reionization IGM." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624497.
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We present a comparison between several observational tests of the post-reionization intergalactic medium and the numerical simulations of reionization completed under the Cosmic Reionization On Computers (CROC) project. The CROC simulations match the gap distribution reasonably well, and also provide a good match for the distribution of peak heights, but there is a notable lack of wide peaks in the simulated spectra and the flux-probability distribution functions are poorly matched in the narrow redshift interval 5.5 < z < 5.7, with the match at other redshifts being significantly better, albeit not exact. Both discrepancies are related: simulations show more opacity than the data.
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Wu, Yongjian. "Molecular analysis of the signaling and transport differences of the B cell antigen receptors of the IgM and IgD classes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28088.pdf.
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DIAS, DAS ALMAS JEAN-PIERRE. "Serologie de la toxoplasmose : evaluation de dix trousses commerciales pour le dosage des igg et igm specifiques de toxoplasma gondii." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M109.
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Purkayastha, Amrita [Verfasser]. "Magnetisation of the IGM : Role of Starburst Dwarf Galaxies / Amrita Purkayastha." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047622726/34.
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Zhang, Lu. "IgG3 Complements IgM in the Complement-Mediated Regulation of Immune Responses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316618.
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An intact complement system is essential for the initiation of a normal antibody response. Antibodies can regulate their own production against the antigens that they are specific for. Both IgG3 and IgM are able to enhance the antibody response via complement. Here, we have compared the fate of OVA-TNP (ovalbumin-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) administered intravenously to mice either alone or in complex with monoclonal IgG3 anti-TNP. IgG3-antigen complexes bind to marginal zone (MZ) B cells via complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) and are transported into splenic follicles. The majority (50% - 90%) of the antigens is deposited on follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and the antigen distribution pattern is strikingly similar to peripheral dendrites/processes of FDC already 2 h after immunization. The development of germinal centers (GC) induced by IgG3-antigen complexes is impaired in mice lacking CR1/2. Experiments on bone marrow chimeric mice show that CR1/2 expression on both MZ B cells and FDC is required for optimal IgG3-mediated enhancement of antibody responses. Complement factors C3 and C1q are essential for OVA-TNP delivery and deposition on splenic FDC. The production of IgG anti-OVA is abrogated in mice lacking CR1/2, C1q, and C3. Further, IgG3-antigen complexes dramatically upregulate the memory response against OVA-TNP by inducing OVA-specific memory cells. Besides small protein OVA, IgG3 can also upregulate humoral responses against large soluble keyhole limpet hemocyanin. To further study the role of MZ B-cells and CR1/2 in enhancement of antibody responses, a knock-in mouse strain, Cμ13, was used. IgM in this mouse strain is unable to activate complement due to a point mutation in the constant µ-heavy chain. Cμ13 mice have a higher proportion of MZ B cells, with higher CR1/2 expression, than wild-type mice. More IgG3-immune complexes are captured by MZ B cells and deposited on FDC in Cμ13 than in WT mice. In spite of this, IgG3 did not enhance the primary antibody response more efficiently in Cμ13 mice. The existence of endogenous IgM-mediated feedback regulation was suggested by the observation that GC development and antibody responses, after priming and boosting with suboptimal doses of SRBC, was lower in Cμ13 than in WT mice.
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Nasir, Fahad. "Probing the IGM with the Lyman-alpha forest through cosmic time." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49347/.
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The Lyα forest is a series of absorption lines seen in quasar spectra and is a powerful tool for probing the thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) across a wide redshift range. At intermediate redshifts (2< z <5), the statistical properties of the Lyα forest predicted by recent hydrodynamical simulations are in good agreement with a range of spectroscopic data. However, at lower and higher redshifts this is still not the case. Some of the key questions still challenging our understanding at low redshifts are the nature of absorbers, the evolution of the ultraviolet background and the impact of feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei (AGN). Furthermore, as a range of reionsation models remain unconstrained and the precise timing of reionsation remains elusive, high redshift Lyα forest data can provide valuable insight due to its sensitivity to the post-reionsation thermal properties of the IGM. At low redshift, this investigation focuses on understanding the effect of different feed-back prescriptions on the properties of the Lyα forest using simulations from the Sherwood simulation suite. The simulations incorporate three different prescriptions for treating cold dense gas and galactic feedback from supernovae and AGN. These implementations have only a small effect on the properties of the Lyα column density distribution function (CDDF) and Lyα line velocity width distribution. Therefore, feedback does not solve the discrepancy between the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) observations of the CDDF at z≃0.1 for high column density systems (NHI > 1014cm−2), as well as the line width distribution, which has lines broader then the simulation data. Some of the possible solutions may be feedback that ejects more overdense gas into the IGM, an increase in the temperature of the overdense gas (which is rather fine-tunedso that the gas is able to still contribute to the Lyα forest), or an unresolved turbulentin the IGM. The low redshift Lyα forest investigation is concluded by performing a series of numerical convergence tests on the quantities most widely employed in absorption line studies at low redshift. The mass resolution of the simulations can significantly impact on the estimated line velocity widths, by overestimating line widths for low mass resolution runs. By contrast, the Lyα CDDF is quite well converged for low column density absorbers. At higher redshifts, a feasibility analysis to constrain the thermal history of the IGM using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of the Lyα forest is performed. This problem is approached by utilising the Lyα forest transmitted flux power spectrum at z∼5. The integrated heating during reionsation has a measurable impact on the power spectrum. The integrated heating is parameterised using the cumulative energy per proton deposited into a gas parcel at the mean background density. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach is used to recover the cumulative energy per proton with a statistical uncertainty of ∼ 20 per cent (at 68 per cent confidence interval), by making assumptions consistent with current observational data sets. However, systematics may increase the uncertainty to ∼ 30 per cent at these redshifts. This method can distinguish between early (z = 12) and late (z= 7) reionisation in the simulations. Finally, to expand on this investigation, the first constraints on the cumulative energy per proton using recent Lyα flux power spectrum measurements at high redshift are obtained. A consistent picture of galaxy driven reionsation with reionsation occurring at z∼9 is found.
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Cagol, Matteo. "L' immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM come marker prognostico del carcinoma esofago-cardiale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426085.
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Introduction. Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and has a poor prognosis. To date, no biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for esophageal carcinoma are available that could be used for early diagnosis.
Aims and Methods. Aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of circulating SCCA-IgM immunocomplexes in the serum of patients diagnosed to have carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia, and to identify possible correlations with clinical and tumor features.
SCCA-IgM levels were measured by ELISA assay (Hepa-IC, Xeptagen S.p.A.) in the serum of 92 untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. Positivity for SCCA-IgM was defined using a cut off level of 120 U/ml. The results obtained were compared to clinical and histological variables correlated to prognosis.
Results. Overall, SCCA-IgM immunocomplexes were positive in the serum of 13/92 patients (14,1%). The percentage of positivity was significantly higher in patients with lower clinical TNM stage (stage 0-1 vs stage 2-3-4: 33,3% vs 9,4%; p= 0,01); a higher percentage of positivity was found also in patients with lower pathological TNM stage, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (stage 0-1 vs stage 2-3-4: 29,4% vs 13,6%; p=0,26). No correlation was found between serum SCCA-IgM level and other clinical and histological variables.
Conclusion. Serum SCCA-IgM immunocomplexes were more frequently found in patients with an early stage cancer of the esophagus and cardia.Introduzione. Il carcinoma dell'esofago è spesso diagnosticato in fase avanzata ed ha una prognosi infausta. Attualmente non sono disponibili marcatori di diagnosi precoce con alta sensibilità e specificità . Scopo dello studio e metodi. Scopo del presente studio è di valutare la presenza dell'immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM nel siero di pazienti affetti da carcinoma esofageo e del cardias al momento della diagnosi e di identificare una eventuale correlazione clinica con diverse caratteristiche della malattia neoplastica. Mediante metodica ELISA indiretto (Hepa-IC, Xeptagen S.p.A) è stato effettuato il dosaggio sierico dell'immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM in 92 pazienti con diagnosi istologica di carcinoma squamoso o adenocarcinoma dell'esofago e del cardias, al momento della diagnosi, prima di qualsiasi trattamento oncologico. La positività per il dosaggio sierico di SCCA-IgM è stata definita per valori superiori al cut-off di 120 U/ml. I risultati del dosaggio sono stati confrontati con le variabili cliniche e istologiche correlate con la prognosi. Risultati. 13/92 pazienti (14,1%) sono risultati positivi al dosaggio sierico dell'immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM. La positività è risultata superiore nei pazienti con stadio clinico di malattia più precoce rispetto a quelli in uno stadio clinico più avanzato (stadio 0-1 vs stadio 2-3-4: 33,3% vs 9,4 p= 0,01) e nei pazienti con stadio patologico più precoce rispetto a quelli con stadio patologico più avanzato (stadio 0-1 vs stadio 2-3-4: 29.4% vs 13.6%; p=0.26). Non si è riscontrata alcuna differenza tra i livelli sierici di SCCA-IgM e le altre variabili cliniche ed istologiche studiate. Conclusione. L'immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM circolante risulta significativamente piu' presente, al momento della diagnosi, negli stadi iniziali di neoplasia esofago-cardiale.
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JACQUEMIER, CHRISTIANE. "Diagnostic ante-natal de la toxoplasmose congenitale : interet diagnostique des igm et iga specifiques et de cinq signes indirects d'infection foetale." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M188.
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Pagliary, Sthefany. "Avaliação do antígeno recombinante ROP2 do Toxoplasma gondii no ensaio imunoenzimático para detecção de anticorpos IgG e IgM em soro humano." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2013. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000186262.
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O Toxoplasma gondii é um parasito intracelular obrigatório de distribuição mundial que possui a capacidade de invadir uma enorme variedade de hospedeiros tendo os Felídeos como hospedeiros definitivos. O homem pode adquirir a infecção por meio da ingestão de oocistos esporulados presentes no meio ambiente, ingestão de cistos teciduais e pela via transplacentária. A transmissão congênita ocorre quando a mãe se infecta pela primeira vez durante o período da gestação, na maioria das vezes apresenta-se assintomática e tem o diagnóstico da infecção confirmado por exames imunológicos para pesquisa de anticorpos específicos contra o T. gondii. A elevada sensibilidade dos métodos imunológicos disponíveis atualmente, como o enzimaimunoensaio de captura de IgM ou quimioluminescência, trouxe a realidade da presença de anticorpos IgM anti-T. gondii residuais, que pode levá-la à interpretação incorreta no diagnóstico final. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o emprego da proteína recombinante de roptrias ROP2 de T. gondii (rROP2) em um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) indireto para a detecção de anticorpos específicos das classes IgM e IgG contra este antígeno em amostras de soro humano e comparar os resultados obtidos com o antígeno rROP2 aos obtidos com antígeno total solúvel do T. gondii (ELISA-STAg), na imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e quimioluminescência (CMIA) . Foram avaliadas amostras de soro divididas em quatro grupos, de acordo com o perfil de anticorpos obtidos nos métodos de IFI e CMIA para detecção de IgG e IgM anti-T. gondii e avidez de IgG. No grupo I foram incluídas 72 amostras compatíveis com a fase aguda; no grupo II, 207 amostras compatíveis com fase crônica; grupo III, com 110 amostras de indivíduos não expostos ao T. gondii e grupo IV, com 21 amostras de pacientes com diagnóstico de outras doenças infecciosas ou autoimunes. Na detecção de anticorpos IgM anti-T. gondii pelo ELISA-rROP2 IgM, foi encontrada positividade de 94,3% (67/71) no grupo I e de 62,2% (99/159) em amostras do grupo II. Na detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii pelo ELISA-rROP2, as amostras do grupo I apresentaram positividade de 72,2% (52/72) e as amostras do grupo II apresentaram 77,2% (122/158) de positividade. No ELISA-rROP2 IgG, apenas as amostras do grupo IV, com outras doenças não relacionadas ao T. gondii, foram discriminadas. Quando os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a CMIA, a ELISA rROP2 IgM apresentou 92,5% de sensibilidade e 38,3% de especificidade. Quando os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a IFI, o ELISA rROP2 IgG apresentou 75,6% de sensibilidade e 33,3% de especificidade e quando comparado com a CMIA, o ELISA rROP2 IgG apresentou 75,2% de sensibilidade e 32,9% de especificidade. O método de CMIA foi capaz de detectar um maior número de amostras com reatividade aos anticorpos IgG anti-T. gondii do que a IFI, apresentando sensibilidade de 99,2%, especificidade de 82,7% e concordância kappa de 0,86. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a CMIA mostrou -se capaz de caracterizar, de forma clara, as diferentes fases da infecção pelo T. gondii, sendo mais sensível que a IFI. Os resultados demonstraram que o ELISA-rROP2 fornece positividade para ambas as fases de infecção (aguda e crônica). No entanto, na determinação dos níveis de anticorpos IgM pelo ELISA-rROP2, observou-se uma diferença significativa nos níveis de IgM entre os grupos de amostras de infeção aguda versus crônica (p< 0,0001) e aguda versus negativo (p< 0,0001), demonstrando, portanto, uma maior afinidade por anticorpos pertencentes à fase aguda da infecção.Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite whose distribution is worldwide. It has the capacity to invade an enourmous variety of hosts, and the felids are its definitive hosts. Humans can get infected through ingestion of environmental sporulated oocysts, ingestion of tissue cysts, and via the transplacental route. Congenital transmission occurs when the mother gets infected for the first time during pregnancy. Mostly, the pregnant remains asymptomatic and the infection diagnose can be confirmed by immunological tests which detect specific T. gondii antibodies. However, the high sensitivity of available immunological tests, such as IgM-capture enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) or chemilunescence (CMIA), leaded reality of the presence of residual IgM anti- T. gondii antibodies, which induce wrong interpretation at final diagnose. Given this situation, this study had as aim to assess the use of T. gondii ROP2 rhoptry recombinant proteins (rROP2) at an indirect ELISA for the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against this antigen on human sera samples and to compare the results obtained with the ELISA- rROP2 with those obtained with soluble antigen of T. gondii (ELISA-STAg), IFI, and CMIA. Sera samples were divided into four groups according to the profile of antibodies obtained in the methods of IFI and CMIA for detection of IgG and IgM anti- T. Gondii and IgG avidity. Group I comprised 72 samples with the acute phase, group II consisted of 207 samples with chronic phase, group III comprised with 110 samples from individuals not exposed to T. gondii, and group IV, 21 samples from patients with other diseases infectious or autoimmune diseases. Regarding IgM antibody anti-T. gondii by ELISA-rROP2, the positivity was 94.3% (67/71) in the group I and 62.2% (99 /159) in the group II. . For the detection of IgG anti-T. gondii by ELISA-rROP2, the seropositivity was 72.2% (52/72) in the group I, and 77.2% (122/158) in the group II. In ELISA-rROP2 for IgG detection, only samples of group IV, with non T.gondii-associated diseases, were discriminated. When the results obtained for the detection of IgM using ELISA-rROP2 were compared with the CMIA, the sensitivity was 92.5% and the specificity was 38.3%. When the results for detection of IgG were compared with IFI, the ELISArROP2 showed 75.6% of sensitivity and 33.3% of specificity; and when compared to CMIA, ELISA-rROP2 showed 75.2% of sensitivity and 32.9% if specificity for IgG anti-T. gondii. The CMIA method was able to detect a larger number of positive IgG anti-T. gondii samples than IFI, with sensitivity of 99.2%, specificity of 82.7%, and kappa of 0.86. Results indicate that the CMIA is able to characterize clearly the different stages of T. gondii infection and is more sensitive than the IFI. Results showed that ELISA-rROP2 antigen was positive for both phases of infection (acute and chronic). However, in determining the levels of IgM by ELISA-rROP2, there was a significant difference in IgM levels between acute and chronic infection groups (p<0.0001), and between acute and negative groups (p< 0.0001), showing, therefore, a higher antibody affinity belonging to the acute than chronic phase of infection.
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Fazel, Shafie. "Interplay of J chain and disulfide bonding in assembly of polymeric IgM." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/MQ33942.pdf.
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Macina, Denis. "Étude de l'implication du système CD40/CD40L dans le syndrome hyper-IGM." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33704.pdf.
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Hesketh, Emily Ellen. "Apoptotic cell interaction with IgM antibodies and modulation of ischaemic tissue injury." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15840.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterised by renal failure, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), inflammation and microvascular congestion. Apoptotic cell administration reduces inflammation in experimental models of acute inflammation in the lung, joints and peritoneum. Preliminary data suggested that administration of 20x106 apoptotic thymocytes to mice 24-hours prior to renal IRI ameliorated renal function without affecting ATN 24-hours following IRI. This thesis attempted to validate these finding and explore underlying hypothetical mechanisms. These studies examined if functional protection was conferred by apoptotic cell modulation of (a) circulating IgM antibodies or (b) coagulation status leading to improved intrarenal microvascular blood flow. Pathogenic IgM antibodies bind ischaemic cardiac or skeletal muscle and the intestine leading to complement activation and worse injury. We examined IgM binding to human renal (HK-2) cells by flow cytometry and to ischaemic murine kidney tissue. H2O2 or Antimycin A treated HK-2 cells incubated with human serum (IgM source) exhibited no IgM binding. Medullary IgM deposition assessed by immunofluorescence was minimal following IRI. We also assessed IgM deposition by immunohistochemistry following hepatic IRI and discovered dramatic deposition. These data suggest that IgM antibodies exhibit differential binding to injured tissues and are not directly involved in renal IRI, but may have a role in hepatic IRI. To support our second hypothesis we studied apoptotic cell modulation of coagulation. A thrombin generation assay revealed that early apoptotic cell-treated mice exhibited delayed thrombin generation. Furthermore, in vitro studies confirmed direct apoptotic cell-platelet binding. To replicate apoptotic cell derived functional protection Balb/c mice underwent 20, 24 or 25-minutes of ischaemia to induce mild, moderate or severe kidney dysfunction. Renal function and injury was determined 24-hours following IRI by plasma creatinine measurement and ATN scoring. Unexpectedly, intravenous pretreatment of mice with apoptotic thymocytes conferred no protection. Indeed, apoptotic thymocytes further impaired renal function depending upon injury severity. Impairment of renal function was not secondary to increased microvascular congestion, inferred by fibrin and platelet deposition, neither increased ATN nor inflammation, assessed by neutrophil infiltration. These data indicate that apoptotic cell administration does not protect from subsequent renal IRI and that apoptotic cells are thus not inherently anti-inflammatory in all models of acute inflammation. Unable to replicate apoptotic cell derived functional protection we explored the binding of IgM antibodies to apoptotic cells which acts to facilitate dead cell clearance. We characterised IgM binding to non-apoptotic and apoptotic murine thymocytes and human Jurkat cells using flow cytometry, confocal and electron microscopy. We demonstrated specific IgM binding to a subset of late apoptotic cells. Electron microscopy indicated that IgM+ apoptotic cells exhibited marked plasma membrane disruption, suggesting that access to intracellular epitopes was required for IgM binding. Binding of IgM to permeabilised non-apoptotic and apoptotic cells suggested that IgM bound epitopes are ‘apoptosis independent’ such that IgM may bind any cell with profound plasma membrane disruption. Interestingly, permeabilised erythrocytes exhibited significant IgM binding thus supporting the importance of cell membrane epitopes. These data suggest that IgM may recognise and tag damaged nucleated cells or erythrocytes that exhibit significant cell membrane disruption.
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Patel, Ekta. "IgM antibodies enhance the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by immature dendritic cells." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1462525.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 8, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-47).
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Aronsson, Ulrika. "Metodutvärdering och mervärde av Treponema pallidum IgM analys vid diagnostik av syfilis." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-69413.
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Abate, Giuseppe. "Caratterizzazione dell'immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM: un nuovo biomarker per la diagnosi precoce dell'epatocarcinoma." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/208.
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L'epatocarcinoma e' uno dei piu' importanti problemi sanitari al mondo per la sua elevata incidenza e per la prognosi infausta. Il marcatore sierologico attualmente utilizzato per rilevare l'HCC fetoproteina (AFP). Altri biomarcatori, presenti nel fegato e/o nel siero dei pazienti sono stati proposti come marcatori alternativi o complementari all'AFP. Uno di questi e' l'immunocomplesso SCCA-IgM, presente nel siero di pazienti con HCC ed anche nei pazienti con cirrosi ad elevato rischio di sviluppare tumore epatico.
SCOPO DELLO STUDIO
Obiettivo del presente studio e' stata la caratterizzazione della specificita' del dosaggio dell'SCCA-IgM nei pazienti cirrotici o gia' portatori di epatocarcinoma in rapporto alla presenza in circolo di altri immunocomplessi, quali il fattore reumatoide.
PAZIENTI E METODI
Sono stati complessivamente arruolati 57 pazienti, di cui 12 pazienti con diagnosi di epatocarcinoma e 45 pazienti affetti da cirrosi epatica.
Il biomarcatore SCCA-IgM e' stato dosato nel siero mediante test ELISA, mentre il Fattore Reumatoide e' stato dosato nei campioni corrispondenti mediante metodo nefelometrico. Sono state quindi condotte analisi statistiche utilizzando test non parametrici.
RISULTATI
I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che nei pazienti con HCC non esiste alcuna correlazione tra la positivita' per SCCA-IgM e per il FR (r=0,1). Nei pazienti cirrotici la reattivita' SCCA-IgM era associata a FR nel 24% dei casi, con grado di correlazione moderato tra i livelli dei rispettivi parametri (r=0,58), specialmente all'interno del sottogruppo dei pazienti con cirrosi HCV-correlata (r=0.71).
CONCLUSIONI
La reattivita' del nuovo biomarcatore SCCA-IgM non risulta correlata alla presenza di FR nei pazienti con HCC, mentre l'utilizzo del test per la sorveglianza dei pazienti cirrotici, specie nei casi dovuti ad infezione da HCV, potrebbe essere limitato in una frazione dei pazienti da una moderata correlazione coi livelli in circolo di FR.
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Hennemann, Andreas Volker. "Molekularbiologische Charakterisierung des humanen Rezeptor-Repertoires intestinaler [gamma]-d-T-Zellen [Gamma-delta-T-Zellen] sowie IgA und IgM exprimierender B-Lymphozyten." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961879777.
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