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Journal articles on the topic 'Igepal'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Rahmawati, Fitria, Indah Rizki Fitriani, and Abu Masykur. "REVERSE MICROEMULSION OF IGEPAL Co-720 SYSTEM AS MICROREACTOR FOR CdS SYNTHESIS." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.10.2.538.157-172.

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<p>A Research on CdS synthesis in reverse microemulsion of Igepal CO-720 system has been conducted at various weight ratio of water to surfactant. Igepal CO-720 naturally forms oil in water (o/w) emulsion type due to its high HLB (Hydrophilic -Lipophilic Balance) value. Therefore, in this research the Igepal CO-720 system was inversed into water in oil (w/o) system before it was used as microreactor for CdS synthesis. As comparison, a system of AOT (Aerosol OT; sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) which is naturally w/o system was also used as microreactor for CdS synthesis. The prepared CdS was analyzed by X-ray diffraction for crystal identification, scanning electron microscope for morphological analysis, UV-Vis for absorption edge determination and photoelectrochemical testing for photoactivity. The results show that the Igepal CO -720 system can be inverted into w/o system and can be used as microreactor for CdS synthesis. The prepared CdS is in nanosize with the average diameter of 2.517 ± 0.014 nm and the average gap energy of 3.805 ± 0.178 eV. The prepared CdS in Igepal CO-720 system has less regular form in comparison with morphology of the prepared CdS in AOT system. As the ω values decreases the particle diameter decreases, the gap energy increases and the % IPCE increases. It indicates that high surfactant concentration allows small size micelles formation and produced smaller CdS particle that has high surface area and therefore provide higher photocatalytic activity which was indicated by high value of its % IPCE.</p>

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2

Rahmawati, Fitria, Indah Rizki Fitriani, and Abu Masykur. "REVERSE MICROEMULSION OF IGEPAL Co-720 SYSTEM AS MICROREACTOR FOR CdS SYNTHESIS." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 10, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.v10i2.538.

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<p>A Research on CdS synthesis in reverse microemulsion of Igepal CO-720 system has been conducted at various weight ratio of water to surfactant. Igepal CO-720 naturally forms oil in water (o/w) emulsion type due to its high HLB (Hydrophilic -Lipophilic Balance) value. Therefore, in this research the Igepal CO-720 system was inversed into water in oil (w/o) system before it was used as microreactor for CdS synthesis. As comparison, a system of AOT (Aerosol OT; sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) which is naturally w/o system was also used as microreactor for CdS synthesis. The prepared CdS was analyzed by X-ray diffraction for crystal identification, scanning electron microscope for morphological analysis, UV-Vis for absorption edge determination and photoelectrochemical testing for photoactivity. The results show that the Igepal CO -720 system can be inverted into w/o system and can be used as microreactor for CdS synthesis. The prepared CdS is in nanosize with the average diameter of 2.517 ± 0.014 nm and the average gap energy of 3.805 ± 0.178 eV. The prepared CdS in Igepal CO-720 system has less regular form in comparison with morphology of the prepared CdS in AOT system. As the ω values decreases the particle diameter decreases, the gap energy increases and the % IPCE increases. It indicates that high surfactant concentration allows small size micelles formation and produced smaller CdS particle that has high surface area and therefore provide higher photocatalytic activity which was indicated by high value of its % IPCE.</p>

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3

Gębicki, Jerzy. "Intermicellar material exchange in reverse micelles formed by ionic AOT and nonionic Igepal surfactants studied by means of pulse radiolysis. Influence of the temperature." Open Chemistry 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02475580.

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AbstractThe recombination of thiocyanate anion radicals, (SCN)2−, formed pulse radiolytically within the water pools of reverse micelles stabilized with anionic AOT and nonionic Igepal surfactants, was proved as an indicator reaction to study intermicellar exchange. It was found that the exchange process is slower inIgepal than in AOT reverse micelles with the same water to surfactant ratio. The apparent activation enthalpy and entropy of the exchange process were determined in different alkanes. For the AOT and Igepal reverse micelles the activation parameters increase with the droplet size, but for the AOT systems they do not significantly change with the increase of droplet concentration. For non-percolated systems the activation parameters for Igepal reverse micelles approach those for AOT reverse micelles. This result supports existing suggestions that the mechanism of intermicellar exchange does not differ in principle between reverse micelles stabilized with ionic and nonionic surfactants.

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4

Bae, Dong Sik, Sung Kang, Kyu Seop Park, and Kyong Sop Han. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ag-Pd Nanoparticles by a Reverse Micelle Process." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.861.

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Preparation of Ag-Pd nanoparticles by the reduction of AgNO3 and PdCl2 with hydrazine in Igepal CO-520/cyclohexane reverse micelle solutions was studied. An analysis by transmission electron microscope and electron diffraction spectrum revealed that the resultant particles are silver-palladium. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles slightly changed with increases in the molar ratio of water to Igepal CO 520. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was below 5 and they were broadly distributed.

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5

Nakashbma, Marvin J., J. M. Hajoway, H. Keizer, E. D. McGary, W. A. Senff, M. L. Silva, L. F. Spurlock, M. A. Stenske, A. Torn, and M. Wheeler. "Extraction of Light Filth from Tofu: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.1.50.

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Abstract Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from tofu. A 100 g test portion is digested in HCI solution with Igepal CO-730 and Igepal DM-710. Hairs and insect fragments are isolated by wet-sieving on a No. 230 sieve, dispersing remaining residual product with Aerosol OT 75%, and filtering. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5, 10,15) were 80,78, and 84%, respectively; for 3 spike levels of insect fragments (5,15,30), recoveries were 97,99, and 99%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International.

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6

Alrawi, Qutaiba K. J., Nada Nada, and S. Alzubydy. "Selection of Detergents Suitable for IBMR3 (Mab) using Balb/c Mouse Muscle." Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences 3, no. 8 (November 30, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2021.v03i08.002.

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Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) and their fragments have been widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Monoclonal antibodies IBMR3 hybridoma cells were produced in a previous study. In my study I used four types of detergents to fine the more suitable as the best Lysis buffer for monoclonal anti bodies using Balb/ c mouse tissue muscle. The four detergents includes; NP- 40, Igepal, Chaps and Triton X-100. Detergents were used in the laboratory to solubilize biological macromolecules such as proteins. These are none denaturing solvents; they also increase emulsification and solubilization, act as solubilize membrane proteins in their native state. The mouse samples were lysed in different lysis buffer detergents, the extracting protein where subjected on the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the separated protein bands were transferred to PVDF/ Polyvinylidene difluoride membrane for Immunoblotting technique. The immunblot were subsequently subjected to densitometry analysis to get the value of molecular weight, peak height and raw volume of the protein band. The results of muscle protein concentration of Blab/c mouse after using standard methods were shown (NP-40, 3.214 μg / μl), (Igepal, 3.647 μg / μl), (CHAPS, 3.925 μg / μl and Triton X-100, 4.214 μg / μl). The highest concentration of the muscle protein was obtained from using Triton X-100, followed by CHAPS, then by Igepal and in NP- 40.

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7

Ho, Chu-Fei, and David Jenkins. "The Effect of Surfactants on Nocardia Foaming in Activated Sludge." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0539.

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Biodegradation experiments of the non-ionic surfactants Igepal C-620 (an alkyl-phenol ethoxylate) and Neodol 25-7 (an alcohol ethoxylate) were performed, and biodegradation assessed by concentration, foam potential and surface tension measurements. Igepal C-62 0 biodegraded much slower than Neodol 25-7. The foaming of activated sludge was significantly enhanced by the presence of surfactants, but surfactants alone could not generate a stable foam if the sludge did not contain Nocardia cells. It was also found that products of surfactant biodegradation which were not detected by standard non-ionic surfactant analysis method (CTAS) might still possess some foam-enhancing ability. The results indicate that slowly biodegradable surfactants can enhance the foaming of Nocardia-containing sludge and increase the trapping of Nocardia foam in activated sludge plants.

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8

Van Hamme, Jonathan D., and Owen P. Ward. "Physical and Metabolic Interactions ofPseudomonas sp. Strain JA5-B45 andRhodococcus sp. Strain F9-D79 during Growth on Crude Oil and Effect of a Chemical Surfactant on Them." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4874-4879.2001.

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ABSTRACT Methods to enhance crude oil biodegradation by mixed bacterial cultures, for example, (bio)surfactant addition, are complicated by the diversity of microbial populations within a given culture. The physical and metabolic interactions between Rhodococcus sp. strain F9-D79 and Pseudomonas sp. strain JA5-B45 were examined during growth on Bow River crude oil. The effects of a nonionic chemical surfactant, Igepal CO-630 (nonylphenol ethoxylate), also were evaluated. Strain F9-D79 grew attached to the oil-water interface and produced a mycolic acid-containing capsule. Crude oil emulsification and surface activity were associated with the cellular fraction. Strain JA5-B45 grew in the aqueous phase and was unable to emulsify oil, but cell-free supernatants mediated kerosene-water emulsion formation. In coculture, stable emulsions were formed and strain JA5-B45 had an affinity for the capsule produced by strain F9-D79. Igepal CO-630 inhibited F9-D79 cells from adhering to the interface, and cells grew dispersed in the aqueous phase as 0.5-μm cocci rather than 2.5-μm rods. The surfactant increased total petroleum hydrocarbon removal by strain JA5-B45 from 4 to 22% and included both saturated compounds and aromatics. In coculture, TPH removal increased from 13 to 40% following surfactant addition. The culture pH normally increased from 7.0 to between 7.5 and 8.5, although addition of Igepal CO-630 to F9-D79 cultures resulted in a drop to pH 5.5. We suggest a dual role for the nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant in the coculture: (i) to improve hydrocarbon uptake by strain JA5-B45 through emulsification and (ii) to prevent strain F9-D79 from adhering to the oil-water interface, indirectly increasing hydrocarbon availability. These varied effects on hydrocarbon biodegradation could explain some of the known diversity of surfactant effects.

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9

Hsuan, Y. Grace, and Jingyu Zhang. "Stress Crack Resistance of Corrugated High-Density Polyethylene Pipes in Different Test Environments and Temperatures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1928, no. 1 (January 2005): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192800123.

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Corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe 36 in. (900 mm) in diameter was evaluated for its stress crack resistance with the notched constant ligament stress test (ASTM F 2136). Test specimens were taken directly from the pipe liner to include the processing effects. In addition to the standard test condition of 10% Igepal solution at 50°C, tests were performed in water and air at temperatures of 60°, 70°, and 80°C. The test data were analyzed with the ISO 9080 method to define the transition point and ductile-to-brittle curve. The results indicate that the 10% Igepal solution greatly accelerates the stress cracking process, whereas the stress cracking behavior in water and in air is aggressive and practically the same. Activation energies in both ductile and brittle portions of the curve are in general agreement with the literature for HDPE resins. The results indicate that the rate processing method is an accurate model with which to extrapolate data from elevated test temperatures to lower service temperatures. However, Popelar's shift method tends to overestimate the failure times.

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10

Nakashima, Marvin J. "Alternative Sieving Method for Extraction of Light Filth from Cheeses: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 1153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.5.1153.

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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted on an alternative sieving method for the extraction of light filth from cheeses. The alternative method was developed that is applicable to broad variety of cheeses. A 225 g test portion is dispersed in a solution of 5.7% HCI, Igepal CO-730, and Igepal DM-710. Digested cheese is wet-sieved on a No. 230 sieve. The residue is treated with Tergitol Anionic 4, transferred to 1% sodium lauryl sulfate solution, heated, and maintained at 65°-75°C for 10 min. The residue is washed with these 2 surfactants a maximum of 4 times until it is reduced to an amount that is filterable. The residue is filtered and the filter papers are examined microscopically at a magnification of ca 30×. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5,10, and 15) were 80, 68, and 81%, respectively; for insect fragments (5,15, and 30) recoveries were 97, 90, and 92%, respectively. The alternative sieving method for extraction of light filth from cheeses has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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11

Castilla, Elias A., and Robert M. Wadowsky. "Effect of a Mycoplasma hominis-Like Mycoplasma on the Infection of HEp-2 Cells by the TW-183 Strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 2 (2000): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.2.861-862.2000.

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We isolated a Mycoplasma hominis-like mycoplasma from a stock culture of Chlamydia pneumoniae TW-183 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and eradicated the contaminant by treating the stock suspension with a nonionic detergent, Igepal CA-630. The M. hominis-like mycoplasma neither inhibits nor enhances the infectivity of C. pneumoniae for HEp-2 cells.

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12

Van Hamme, J. D., and O. P. Ward. "Influence of chemical surfactants on the biodegradation of crude oil by a mixed bacterial culture." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-209.

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The effects of surfactant physicochemical properties, such as the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and molecular structure, on the biodegradation of 2% w/v Bow River crude oil by a mixed-bacterial culture were examined. Viable counts increased 4.6-fold and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation increased 57% in the presence of Igepal CO-630, a nonylphenol ethoxylate (HLB 13, 0.625 g/L). Only the nonylphenol ethoxylate with an HLB value of 13 substantially enhanced biodegradation. The surfactants from other chemical classes with HLB values of 13 (0.625 g/L) had no effect or were inhibitory. TPH biodegradation enhancement by Igepal CO-630 occurred at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. When the effect of surfactant on individual oil fractions was examined, the biodegradation enhancement for the saturate and aromatic fractions was the same. In all cases, biodegradation resulted in increased resin and asphaltene concentrations. Optimal surfactant concentrations for TPH biodegradation reduced resin and asphaltene formation. Chemical surfactants have the potential to improve crude oil biodegradation in complex microbial systems, and surfactant selection should consider factors such as molecular structure, HLB, and surfactant concentration.Key words: mixed culture, crude oil, surfactant, hydrophile-lipophile balance, biodegradation.

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13

Sithole, B. B., B. Zvilichovsky, C. Lapointe, and L. H. Allen. "Adsorption of Aqueous Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants on Metal Sample Loops: Effect on Quantitation by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 2 (March 1, 1990): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.2.322.

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Abstract In aqueous solutions of Igepal CO 610, a nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant, adsorption of the surfactant takes place onto stainless steel metal surfaces. This adsorption results in increased peak height of the surfactant when a sample loop is purged with increasing volumes of the surfactant. This, in turn, affects the quantitation of the surfactant. However, the adsorption is reproducible at constant purging volumes and results in calibration curves with good precision.

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14

Smith, Vonda K., Thilivhali T. Ndou, and Isiah M. Warner. "Complexation of the Surfactants Triton X-102 and Igepal CA720 with β-Cyclodextrin." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 4 (April 1992): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125050.

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The surfactants Igepal CA720 (IplCA7) and Triton X-102 (TX-102) and their interaction with β-cyclodextrin were studied with the use of various photophysical and photochemical methods. The fluorescence and absorbance spectra of these surfactants are concentration dependent and markedly enhanced in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy infers that the phenyl group of these surfactants is included inside the β-CDx cavity. The orientation of the phenyl moiety of the surfactant molecule inside the β-CDx cavity was investigated with the use of induced circular dichroism (ICD).

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15

Friberg, S. E., M. Chiu, J. E. Angie, and D. H. Smith. "FOAMING OF SURFACTANT COMBINATIONS: SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND IGEPAL CO 210." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (June 1992): 271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699208943315.

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16

Son, Vo Thanh, Le Van Phong, Nazrul Md Islam, Tran Quang Hung, Sa-Rah Kim, Jun-Ho Jeong, Cheol-Gi Kim, and Jong-Ryul Jeong. "Effect of Non-ionic Igepal CO-520 in Sonochemical Synthesis of Monodisperse Fe3O4Nanoparticles." Journal of Magnetics 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2010.15.3.112.

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17

Biswal, Nihar Ranjan, and Santanu Paria. "Wetting of TX-100 and Igepal CO-630 Surfactants on a PTFE Surface." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 10 (May 18, 2011): 6138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie2000456.

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18

Chatterjee, Sujan, Susantamay Nandi, and Subhash Chandra Bhattacharya. "Interface of AOT/Igepal CO720/cyclohexane/water mixed reverse micelle by spectroscopic approach." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 279, no. 1-3 (May 2006): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.12.040.

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19

N�voa, A. Fern�ndez, J. Quib�n, and L. M. Liz-Marz�n. "Phase behaviour and physicochemical properties of microemulsions with a non-ionic surfactant (IGEPAL)." Colloid & Polymer Science 274, no. 3 (March 1996): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00665640.

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20

Glaze, Larry E., W. Davis, D. M. Floyd, C. R. Graham, J. K. Nagy, R. E. Olson, J. Palau, L. F. Spurlock, W. A. Sumner, and W. T. VanVelzen. "Extraction of Light Filth from Oriental Fish Products Containing Spice: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.1.44.

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Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to validate a new method for the extraction of light filth from oriental fish products containing spice. A100 g test portion is digested by boiling in a mixture of HCI, Igepal DM-710, and CO-730. Light filth is isolated by wetsieving on a No. 230 plain-weave sieve with Tergitol, deaeration boiling in 40% isopropanol, and extracting with mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15) and 40% isopropanol in a Wildman trap flask. Three spiking levels for rat hairs and insect fragments were used in the study. For rat hairs, recoveries at the low, medium, and high levels averaged 80.0,71.6, and 88.0%, respectively. Recoveries of insect fragments for low, medium, and high levels averaged 87.8,83.7, and 89.4%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International.

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21

Ghosh, Sujit, Pijus Khatua, and Subhash Bhattacharya. "Aggregation of Non Ionic Surfactant Igepal in Aqueous Solution: Fluorescence and Light Scattering Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2003): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i4110562.

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22

Yang, Jun, Guo Rong*, and Stig E. Friberg. "Solubilization of Dye in Lamellar Liquid Crystal of System Igepal CO-610 and H2O." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699608943488.

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23

Mati, Soumya Sundar, Tapas Kumar Mondal, Sayaree Dhar, Sayantani Chall, and Subhash Chandra Bhattacharya. "Differential contribution of Igepal and CnTAB micelles on the photophysics of nonsteroidal drug Naproxen." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 92 (June 2012): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.042.

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24

Schomäcker, Reinhard, Bernhard Orlich, and Gerhard Braun. "Continuous ultrafiltration of reverse micelles in the ternary system Igepal CA 520/cyclohexane/water." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 101, no. 11 (November 1997): 1695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19971011129.

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25

Ward, Andrew L., Xici Lu, and Norman Brown. "Accelerated test for evaluating slow crack growth of polyethylene copolymers in igepal and air." Polymer Engineering and Science 30, no. 18 (September 1990): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301811.

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26

Soboleva, Oxana A. "Stabilization of nanodiamond dispersions with nonionic surfactant Igepal CA-630 in water and dimethyl sulfoxide." Mendeleev Communications 32, no. 3 (May 2022): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2022.05.041.

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27

Majhi, P. R., K. Mukherjee, S. P. Moulik, S. Sen, and N. P. Sahu. "Solution Properties of a Saponin (Acaciaside) in the Presence of Triton X-100 and Igepal." Langmuir 15, no. 20 (September 1999): 6624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la980334q.

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28

Jurgas-Grudzinska, Monika, and Lidia Gebicka. "Influence of Igepal reverse micellar and micellar systems on activity and stability of heme peroxidases." Biocatalysis and Biotransformation 23, no. 3-4 (January 2005): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242420500208548.

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29

Sedgwick, M. A., D. C. Crans, and N. E. Levinger. "What Is Inside a Nonionic Reverse Micelle? Probing the Interior of Igepal Reverse Micelles Using Decavanadate." Langmuir 25, no. 10 (May 19, 2009): 5496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la8035067.

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30

Yeh, J. T., Jung-Horng Chen, and Huei-Song Hong. "Environmental stress cracking behavior of short-chain branch polyethylenes in Igepal solution under a constant load." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54, no. 13 (December 26, 1994): 2171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541320.

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31

Gavilán-Rubio, Helena, João Paulo Coelho, Guillermo González-Rubio, Gloria Tardajos, José Osío Barcina, Castor Salgado, and Andrés Guerrero-Martínez. "Thiol-Functionalized IGEPAL® Surfactants as Novel Fluorescent Ligands for the Silica Coating of Gold Nanoparticles." Israel Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 4 (August 26, 2015): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201500045.

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32

Sacramento, R. A., O. M. S. Cysneiros, B. J. B. Silva, and A. O. S. Silva. "Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous materials with SBA and MCM structure types." Cerâmica 65, no. 376 (December 2019): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132019653762628.

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Abstract Mesoporous materials are promising structures for application in catalysis and adsorption due to high surface area and large pore size. Mesoporous materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method with novel surfactants, distinct from those observed in the literature, in order to carry out a study of its structure and to obtain materials with better textural properties. The structures synthesized with the surfactants Igepal CO630 and Brij O20 presented the best results of specific surface area, 1074 and 1075 m2.g-1, respectively. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, TG/DTG, N2 adsorption-desorption, and FTIR techniques. XRD patterns indicated that the highly ordered mesoporous silica structures, such as MCM-41 and MCM-48, using CTMABr as the structure-directing agent and the SBA-15, SBA-16 and other SBA structures using different block copolymers were obtained. Through N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, it was observed type IV isotherms, attributed to mesoporous materials. The FTIR spectra presented similar behaviors with characteristic vibrational bands of MCM and SBA type materials.

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33

Chandradass, J., and Dong-Sik Bae. "Synthesis and Characterization of Alumina Nanoparticles by Igepal CO-520 Stabilized Reverse Micelle and Sol-Gel Processing." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 23, no. 5 (June 16, 2008): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910802104211.

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34

Lucero, M. J., C. Claro, M. Casas, and M. R. Jiménez-Castellanos. "Rheological and mechanical properties of hydrophilic dispersions using a new hydrophobically modified polymer and Igepal® CO520." Carbohydrate Polymers 86, no. 2 (August 2011): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.037.

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35

Abd Razak, Jeeferie, Sahrim Haji Ahmad, Chantara Thevy Ratnam, Mazlin Aida Mahamood, Kok Tee Lau, Hairul Effendy Ab Maulod, Rose Farahiyan Munawar, and Noraiham Mohamad. "Non-Covalent Polymeric Wrapping of IGEPAL C0890 for Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs-C0890) Filled NR/EPDM Rubber Blend Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.385.

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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) surface modification was performed by using a simplified dual-action of ultrasonication and high speed mechanical shearing. This approach induced a non-covalent polymeric wrapping interaction between GNPs surfaces with IGEPAL-C0890 (ethoxylated nonyl phenol with 40 moles ethylene oxide). Various characterization tools like FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM and TEM were utilized to confirm the success of the surface treatment. The efficacy and suitability of non-covalent treated GNPs-C0890 as nanofiller reinforcement and inorganic compatibilizer in NR/EPDM rubber blends were evaluated. Effects of GNPs-C0890 loading variation to the mechanical tensile properties and fracture morphologies of NR/EPDM nanocomposites rubber blend were studied. It is interesting to note that the GNPs-C0890 was not able to reinforce NR/EPDM blend at a higher loading addition (≥ 3.00 wt.%) due to the agglomeration and crosslinking retardation phenomena by phase separation. However, at a lower loading (≤ 1.00 wt.%), the blend strengthening effects promise the improvement at about 64.55% of tensile strength and 14.20% of elongation percentage as compared than unfilled NR/EPDM blend. Obvious fractured morphological changes due to the absence and presence of GNPs provide hints on the role of GNPs treatment in effecting the NR/EPDM rubber blend mechanical properties.

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36

Bryce, John R., and Larry E. Glaze. "Extraction of Light Filth from Bean Paste: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.5.1143.

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Abstract Bean paste is a popular Asian food frequently imported to the United States. The main varieties are: hot bean and blackbean, which are used in pastry fillings; and soybean paste, which is usually used as a condiment. A new method was developed for the extraction of light filth from bean pastes containing beans and flour, and from hot bean paste containing red pepper. A100 g test portion is boiled in tap water containing Igepal DM-710 and CO-730 and washed with hot tap water on a No. 230 sieve. The residue is transferred to a beaker and boiled in isopropanol in a reflux apparatus. The mixture is transferred to a No. 230 sieve. The residue is washed again, transferred to a 2 L trap flask with 40% isopropanol, boiled with magnetic stirring, cooled, and trapped off with flotation liquid [mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15, v/v)]. Ten laboratories participated in a collaborative study validating the extraction method for the detection of light filth. Average recoveries were 94.9 and 82.8% for insect fragments and rat hairs, respectively. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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Moore, S. A., and R. M. Palepu. "Spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of an anionic probe with nonionic micelles of Igepal surfactants in aqueous media." Molecular Physics 104, no. 20-21 (October 20, 2006): 3155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970601037683.

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Ghosh, Sujit Kumar, and Subhash Ch Bhattacharya. "Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of safranine T with micellar and reverse micellar solutions of igepal in chloroform." Journal of Molecular Liquids 106, no. 1 (June 2003): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7322(03)00024-2.

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Paiva, Camila Leite, Regiane Silva Pinheiro, Filipe Xavier Feitosa, and Hosiberto Batista de Sant’Ana. "Viscosity and Density of Binary Mixtures of Ethanol + Igepal (CO-520, CO-630, CO-720, and CA-720)." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 64, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.8b00793.

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Ghosh, Sujit Kumar, Pijus Kanti Khatua, and Subhash Ch Bhattacharya. "Characterization of micelles of polyoxyethylene nonylphenol (Igepal) and its complexation with 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl- 5-phenylphenazinium chloride." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 275, no. 2 (July 2004): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.077.

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Banerjee, Paltu, Sujan Chatterjee, Smritimoy Pramanik, and Subhash Chandra Bhattacharya. "Interaction of Pyrene-1-Carboxaldehyde with micelles and mixed micelles of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenol (Igepal): A spectroscopic study." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 302, no. 1-3 (July 2007): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.01.038.

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Grätz, K., M. Helmstedt, H. W. Meyer, and K. Quitzsch. "Structure and phase behaviour of the ternary system water, n -heptane and the nonionic surfactant Igepal ® CA520." Colloid & Polymer Science 276, no. 2 (February 23, 1998): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050220.

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43

Lu, Suying, David Duplat, Paula Benitez-Bolivar, Cielo León, Stephany D. Villota, Eliana Veloz-Villavicencio, Valentina Arévalo, et al. "Multicenter international assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP test for point of care clinical application." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): e0268340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268340.

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Continued waves, new variants, and limited vaccine deployment mean that SARS-CoV-2 tests remain vital to constrain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Affordable, point-of-care (PoC) tests allow rapid screening in non-medical settings. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is an appealing approach. A crucial step is to optimize testing in low/medium resource settings. Here, we optimized RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 and human β-actin, and tested clinical samples in multiple countries. “TTTT” linker primers did not improve performance, and while guanidine hydrochloride, betaine and/or Igepal-CA-630 enhanced detection of synthetic RNA, only the latter two improved direct assays on nasopharygeal samples. With extracted clinical RNA, a 20 min RT-LAMP assay was essentially as sensitive as RT-PCR. With raw Canadian nasopharygeal samples, sensitivity was 100% (95% CI: 67.6% - 100%) for those with RT-qPCR Ct values ≤ 25, and 80% (95% CI: 58.4% - 91.9%) for those with 25 < Ct ≤ 27.2. Highly infectious, high titer cases were also detected in Colombian and Ecuadorian labs. We further demonstrate the utility of replacing thermocyclers with a portable PoC device (FluoroPLUM). These combined PoC molecular and hardware tools may help to limit community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

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Varshosaz, Jaleh, Vahab Ziaei, Mohsen Minaiyan, Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi, and Leila Sayed-Tabatabaei. "Enhanced solubility, oral bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic effects of raloxifene HCl in ovariectomized rats by Igepal CO-890 nanomicelles." Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 24, no. 2 (January 30, 2018): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2018.1428815.

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Moore, Stephanie A., Karen M. Glenn, and Rama M. Palepu. "Spectroscopic Investigations on the Interaction of Crystal Violet with Nonionic Micelles of Brij and Igepal Surfactants in Aqueous Media." Journal of Solution Chemistry 36, no. 5 (March 31, 2007): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-007-9133-6.

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46

Kembuan, Cynthia, Maysoon Saleh, Bastian Rühle, Ute Resch-Genger, and Christina Graf. "Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (December 9, 2019): 2410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.231.

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A concept for the growth of silica shells with a thickness of 5–250 nm onto oleate-coated NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) is presented. The concept enables the precise adjustment of shell thicknesses for the preparation of thick-shelled nanoparticles for applications in plasmonics and sensing. First, an initial 5–11 nm thick shell is grown onto the UCNPs in a reverse microemulsion. This is followed by a stepwise growth of these particles without a purification step, where in each step equal volumes of tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia water are added, while the volumes of cyclohexane and the surfactant Igepal® CO-520 are increased so that the ammonia water and surfactant concentrations remain constant. Hence, the number of micelles stays constant, and their size is increased to accommodate the growing core–shell particles. Consequently, the formation of core-free silica particles is suppressed. When the negative zeta potential of the particles, which continuously decreased during the stepwise growth, falls below −40 mV, the particles can be dispersed in an ammoniacal ethanol solution and grown further by the continuous addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate to a diameter larger than 500 nm. Due to the high colloidal stability, a coalescence of the particles can be suppressed, and single-core particles are obtained. This strategy can be easily transferred to other nanomaterials for the design of plasmonic nanoconstructs and sensor systems.

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Rosengren, Sanna, Gary S. Firestein, and David L. Boyle. "Measurement of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Synovial Tissue Extracts by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 6 (November 2003): 1002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.6.1002-1010.2003.

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ABSTRACT We developed methods for measuring inflammatory biomarkers (cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases) in synovial biopsy specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Soluble extracts of synovial fragments were prepared with mild detergent and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase 3. The optimal detergent was 0.1% Igepal CA-630, which interfered minimally with ELISA detection but extracted 80% of IL-6 from synovial tissue. Upon spiking, 81 to 107% of added biomarkers could be recovered. To determine within-tissue variability, multiple biopsy specimens from each RA synovial extract were analyzed individually. A resulting coefficient of variation of 35 to 62% indicated that six biopsy specimens per synovial extract would result in a sampling error of ≤25%. Preliminary power analysis suggested that 8 to 15 patients per group would suffice to observe a threefold difference before and after treatment in a serial biopsy clinical study. The previously described significant differences in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels between RA and OA could be detected, thereby validating the use of synovial extracts for biomarker analysis in arthritis. These methods allow monitoring of biomarker protein levels in synovial tissue and could potentially be applied to early-phase clinical trials to provide a preliminary estimate of drug efficacy.

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Nandi, Susantamay, Sujit Kumar Ghosh, and Subhash Chandra Bhattacharya. "Distribution of quencher ions in ternary system of Igepal/water/carbon tetrachloride at different water pool concentration: A spectroscopic study." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 268, no. 1-3 (October 2005): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.028.

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Fleischer, G., K. Grätz, J. Kärger, H. W. Meyer, and K. Quitzsch. "Pulsed Field Gradient NMR Self-Diffusion Study in Distinct Phases of the Ternary System Water/n-Heptane/Igepal CA-520." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 190, no. 1 (June 1997): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.4837.

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50

Vasić, M. R., R. Rekecki, and Z. Radojević. "Novel method suitable for decreasing the roofing tile failures generated during rapid drying." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1182, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1182/1/012081.

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Abstract Only few papers in which principles for decreasing the failures generated during semi and rapid drying of porous shrinking materials, for example roofing tiles, are reported. One of the main differences between the traditional and rapid drying regimes is related with the fact that during the heating step products are heated to the much higher temperatures during rapid drying. If the humidity inside the industrial drying tunnels or chambers is not controlled all the time in the prescribed range of 90 - 95 %, especially during the heating step of the rapid drying regime, crack failures will be developed. In order to inhibit the cracks generation during intensive drying the non-ionic surfactant Igepal CO-630 was added in the raw material during forming process. Various amounts of surfactant around the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were used. Five isothermal experiments were recorded, on laboratory extruded roofing tiles, for each surfactant concentration. Calculated effective diffusivity and material strength -moisture ratio (Deff-MR & MS-MR) curves were used to monitor the development of the cracks during drying and to determine the most suitable concentration of the surfactant. The explanation, how the interaction of the surfactants with clay helps the water molecules to easily move up to the surface was also reported. The application of surfactant in a recommended amount has significantly reduced the drying induced fractures in roofing tiles during its intensive drying and consequently the industrial scarp-rate was accordingly lowered.

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