Academic literature on the topic 'IF. Information transfer: protocols, formats, techniques'
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Journal articles on the topic "IF. Information transfer: protocols, formats, techniques"
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Manral, Nisha. "Secure Data Transfer Using Image Steganography." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37322.
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Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications have different requirements of the steganography technique used. For example, some applications may require absolute invisibility of the secret information, while others require a larger secret message to be hidden. This paper intends to give an overview of image steganography, its uses and techniques. It also attempts to identify the requirements of a good steganographic algorithm and briefly reflects on which steganographic techniques are more suitable for which applications.
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Afsari, Kereshmeh, Charles Eastman, and Dennis Shelden. "Building Information Modeling data interoperability for Cloud-based collaboration: Limitations and opportunities." International Journal of Architectural Computing 15, no. 3 (September 2017): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077117731174.
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Collaboration within Building Information Modeling process is mainly based on the manual transfer of document files in either vendor-specific formats or neutral format using Industry Foundation Classes. However, since the web enables Cloud-based Building Information Modeling services, it provides an opportunity to exchange data with web technologies. Alternative data sharing solutions include the federation of Building Information Modeling models and an interchange hub for data exchange in real time. These solutions face several challenges, are vendor locked, and integrate Building Information Modeling applications to a third new system. The main objective of this article is to investigate current limitations as well as opportunities of Cloud interoperability to outline a framework for a loosely coupled network-based Building Information Modeling data interoperability. This study explains that Cloud-Building Information Modeling data exchange needs to deploy major components of Cloud interoperability such as Cloud application programming interfaces, data transfer protocols, data formats, and standardization to redefine Building Information Modeling data flow in Cloud-based applications and to reshape collaboration process.
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Sirurmath, Ms Srilakshmi U., and Dr Deepashree Devaraj. "Secure Cloud Storage Techniques: A Review." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (August 1, 2021): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07243.
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Cloud technology has exponentially seen a rise in its absorption for various applications. Cloud users with limited storage might transfer their information to remote systems. In return for monetary compensation, these servers provide access to their clients’ data. Cloud storage protocols verify the integrity of this data which is hosted on the cloud. Broadly there are two types of data – static and dynamic. While many efficient protocols are already present for static data, much research is being undertaken to build a secure cloud storage system for dynamic data. This paper analyzes these existing and proposed cloud storage protocols for both static and dynamic data. Important performance parameters are identified and a comparison is drawn between the chosen methods in order to draw a contrast between the efficiency of the techniques chosen.
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Wang, Jian, and Alan E. Willner. "Review of Robust Data Exchange Using Optical Nonlinearities." International Journal of Optics 2012 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/575429.
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Data exchange, namely bidirectional information swapping, provides enhanced flexibility compared to the unidirectional information transfer. To fulfill the rapid development of high-speed large-capacity optical communications with emerging multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques and advanced modulation formats, a laudable goal would be to achieve data exchange in different degrees of freedom (wavelength, time, polarization), for different modulation formats (OOK, DPSK, DQPSK, pol-muxed), and at different granularities (entire data, groups of bits, tributary channels). Optical nonlinearities are potentially suitable candidates to enable data exchange in the wavelength, time, and polarization domains. In this paper, we will review our recent works towards robust data exchange by exploiting miscellaneous optical nonlinearities, including the use of cSFG/DFG in a PPLN waveguide for time- (groups of bits) and channel-selective data exchange and tributary channel exchange between two WDM+OTDM signals, nondegenerate FWM in an HNLF for phase-transparent data exchange (DPSK, DQPSK), bidirectional degenerate FWM in an HNLF for multi-channel data exchange, and Kerr-induced nonlinear polarization rotation in an HNLF for tributary channel exchange of a pol-muxed DPSK OTDM signal. The demonstrated data exchanges in different degrees of freedom, for different modulation formats, and at different granularities, open the door for alternative approaches to achieve superior network performance.
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Alaçam, Sema, Ilker Karadag, and Orkan Zeynel Güzelci. "Reciprocal style and information transfer between historical Istanbul Pervititch Maps and satellite views using machine learning." Estoa 11, no. 22 (July 25, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18537/est.v011.n022.a06.
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Historical maps contain significant data on the cultural, social, and urban character of cities. However, most historical maps utilize specific notation methods that differ from those commonly used today and converting these maps to more recent formats can be highly labor-intensive. This study is intended to demonstrate how a machine learning (ML) technique can be used to transform old maps of Istanbul into spatial data that simulates modern satellite views (SVs) through a reciprocal map conversion framework. With this aim, the Istanbul Pervititch Maps (IPMs) made by Jacques Pervititch in 1922-1945 and current SVs were used to test and evaluate the proposed framework. The study consists of a style and information transfer in two stages: (i) from IPMs to SVs, and (ii) from SVs to IPMs using CycleGAN (a type of generative adversarial network). The initial results indicate that the proposed framework can transfer attributes such as green areas, construction techniques/materials, and labels/tags.
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Афанасьев, Олег, and Oleg Afanasiev. "Tourism infographics: potential for educational process." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14584.
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The article is devoted to the problem of using tourism infographic in the educational process of training specialists
in the sphere of tourist services. The object of study is a special form of information visualization – infographics
tourist. Subject of research is the classification and study of possibilities of using tourism as a special
infographic of the format of visualization of the educational information in the process of training specialists
in the sphere of tourism. Tourism infographic refers to a special thematic course in theory and practice visualizing
the information related to tourism resources, destinations, service in tourism and hospitality. In modern
science the concept of tourism infographic, a comprehensive synthesis publication about the pedagogical
functions of the infographics are absent. Infographics as a modern genre and the format for reporting is the
product of a global information space of the «InfoSphere». Its main function is the transfer of large volumes of
information through its visualization on a single, specially organized a compact image with the use of design
techniques. In the field of training of specialists on direction «Tourism» infographics have become one of the
most important methods of information influence on the students. The infographic has a bunch of important
didactic qualities, allowing to form a special visual expertise. The article describes the classification of tourism
infographic in various formats (media, information, narrative formats) described critical Internet resources,
providing the opportunity to engage in the learning process of the finished renderings of tourist subjects. The
article lists and describes the possibility of using in practical activity of students the most important tools for the
design and construction of tourist infographic. The article States the pedagogical effect of the use of the materials
infographic in the educational process of training specialists in the sphere of service and tourism. The
conclusion forms the positive impact of visualization techniques of tourist information by means of infographics
on the academic learning of students.
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Langnickel, Lisa, Kilian Krockauer, Mischa Uebachs, Sebastian Schaaf, Sumit Madan, Thomas Klockgether, and Juliane Fluck. "Information Extraction from German Clinical Care Documents in Context of Alzheimer’s Disease." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 10717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210717.
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Dementia affects approximately 50 million people in the world today, the majority suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The availability of long-term patient data is one of the most important prerequisites for a better understanding of diseases. Worldwide, many prospective, longitudinal cohort studies have been initiated to understand AD. However, this approach takes years to enroll and follow up with a substantial number of patients, resulting in a current lack of data. This raises the question of whether clinical routine datasets could be utilized to extend collected registry data. It is, therefore, necessary to assess what kind of information is available in memory clinic routine databases. We did exactly this based on the example of the University Hospital Bonn. Whereas a number of data items are available in machine readable formats, additional valuable information is stored in textual documents. The extraction of information from such documents is only applicable via text mining methods. Therefore, we set up modular, rule-based text mining workflows requiring minimal sets of training data. The system achieves F1-scores over 95% for the most relevant classes, i.e., memory disturbances from medical reports and quantitative scores from semi-structured neuropsychological test protocols. Thus, we created a machine-readable core dataset for over 8000 patient visits over a ten-year period.
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Rubí, Jesús Noel Sárez, and Paulo Roberto de Lira Gondim. "Interoperable Internet of Medical Things platform for e-Health applications." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 155014771988959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719889591.
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The development of information and telecommunication technologies has given rise to new platforms for e-Health. However, some difficulties have been detected since each manufacturer implements its communication protocols and defines their data formats. A semantic incongruence is observed between platforms since no common healthcare domain vocabulary is shared between manufacturers and stakeholders. Despite the existence of standards for semantic and platform interoperability (e.g. openEHR for healthcare, Semantic Sensor Network for Internet of Medical Things platforms, and machine-to-machine standards), no approach has combined them for granting interoperability or considered the whole integration of legacy Electronic Health Record Systems currently used worldwide. Moreover, the heterogeneity in the large volume of health data generated by Internet of Medical Things platforms must be attenuated for the proper application of big data processing techniques. This article proposes the joint use of openEHR and Semantic Sensor Network semantics for the achievement of interoperability at the semantic level and use of a machine-to-machine architecture for the definition of an interoperable Internet of Medical Things platform.
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Zhang, Ying, Chaopeng Li, Na Chen, Shaowen Liu, Liming Du, Zhuxiao Wang, and Miaomiao Ma. "Semantic Web and Geospatial Unique Features Based Geospatial Data Integration." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 12, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2016010101.
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Since large amount of geospatial data are produced by various sources and stored in incompatible formats, geospatial data integration is difficult because of the shortage of semantics. Despite standardised data format and data access protocols, such as Web Feature Service (WFS), can enable end-users with access to heterogeneous data stored in different formats from various sources, it is still time-consuming and ineffective due to the lack of semantics. To solve this problem, a prototype to implement the geospatial data integration is proposed by addressing the following four problems, i.e., geospatial data retrieving, modeling, linking and integrating. First, we provide a uniform integration paradigm for users to retrieve geospatial data. Then, we align the retrieved geospatial data in the modeling process to eliminate heterogeneity with the help of Karma. Our main contribution focuses on addressing the third problem. Previous work has been done by defining a set of semantic rules for performing the linking process. However, the geospatial data has some specific geospatial relationships, which is significant for linking but cannot be solved by the Semantic Web techniques directly. We take advantage of such unique features about geospatial data to implement the linking process. In addition, the previous work will meet a complicated problem when the geospatial data sources are in different languages. In contrast, our proposed linking algorithms are endowed with translation function, which can save the translating cost among all the geospatial sources with different languages. Finally, the geospatial data is integrated by eliminating data redundancy and combining the complementary properties from the linked records. We mainly adopt four kinds of geospatial data sources, namely, OpenStreetMap(OSM), Wikmapia, USGS and EPA, to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed linking method can get high performance in generating the matched candidate record pairs in terms of Reduction Ratio(RR), Pairs Completeness(PC), Pairs Quality(PQ) and F-score. The integrating results denote that each data source can get much Complementary Completeness(CC) and Increased Completeness(IC).
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Bhattacharya, Supriyo, and Xingcheng Lin. "Recent Advances in Computational Protocols Addressing Intrinsically Disordered Proteins." Biomolecules 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9040146.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are abundant in the human genome and have recently emerged as major therapeutic targets for various diseases. Unlike traditional proteins that adopt a definitive structure, IDPs in free solution are disordered and exist as an ensemble of conformations. This enables the IDPs to signal through multiple signaling pathways and serve as scaffolds for multi-protein complexes. The challenge in studying IDPs experimentally stems from their disordered nature. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism, small angle X-ray scattering, and single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can give the local structural information and overall dimension of IDPs, but seldom provide a unified picture of the whole protein. To understand the conformational dynamics of IDPs and how their structural ensembles recognize multiple binding partners and small molecule inhibitors, knowledge-based and physics-based sampling techniques are utilized in-silico, guided by experimental structural data. However, efficient sampling of the IDP conformational ensemble requires traversing the numerous degrees of freedom in the IDP energy landscape, as well as force-fields that accurately model the protein and solvent interactions. In this review, we have provided an overview of the current state of computational methods for studying IDP structure and dynamics and discussed the major challenges faced in this field.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IF. Information transfer: protocols, formats, techniques"
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Klingestedt, Kashmir. "Client-Server Communications Efficiency in GIS/NIS Applications : An evaluation of communications protocols and serialization formats." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233581.
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Geographic Information Systems and Network Information Systems are important tools for our society, used for handling geographic spatial data and large information networks. It is therefore important to make sure such tools are of high quality. GIS/NIS applications typically deal with a lot of data, possibly resulting in heavy loads of network traffic. This work aims to evaluate two different communications protocols and serialization formats for client-server communications efficiency in GIS/NIS applications. Specifically, these are HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Object Serialization and Google's Protocol Buffers. They were each implemented directly into a commercial GIS/NIS environment and evaluated by measuring two signature server calls in the system. Metrics that were examined are call duration, HTTP overhead size and HTTP payload size. The results suggest that HTTP/2 and Google's Protocol Buffers outperform HTTP/1.1 and Java Object Serialization respectively. An 87% decrease in HTTP overhead size was achieved when switching from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/2. The HTTP payload size is also shown to decrease with the use of Protocol Buffers rather than Java Object Serialization, especially for communications where data consist of many different object types. Concerning call duration, the results suggest that the choice of communications protocol is more significant than the choice of serialization format for communications containing little data, while the opposite is true for communications containing much data.Geografiska informationssystem och nätverksinformationssystem är viktiga redskap för vårt samhälle, vilka används för hantering av geografisk data och stora informationsnätverk. Det är därför viktigt att se till att sådana system är av hög kvalitet. GIS/NIS-applikationer behandlar vanligtvis stora mängder data, vilket kan resultera i mycket nätverkstrafik. I det här arbetet utvärderas två olika kommunikationsprotokoll och serialiseringsformat för kommunikationseffektivitet mellan klient och server i GIS/NIS-applikationer. Specifikt är dessa HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Objektserialisering och Googles Protocol Buffers. De implementerades var och en i en kommersiell GIS/NIS-miljö och utvärderades genom mätningar av två signaturanrop i systemet. De aspekter som observerades är kommunikationstiden, mängden HTTP-overhead och mängden HTTP-payload. Resultaten tyder på att HTTP/2 och Googles Protocol Buffers presterar bättre än HTTP/1.1 respektive Java Objektserialisering. En 87% minskning av mängden HTTP overhead uppnåddes då HTTP/1.1 ersattes med HTTP/2. En minskning av mängden HTTP payload observeras också med användning av Protocol Buffers snarare än Java Objektserialisering, särskilt för kommunikationer där data innehåller många olika objekttyper. Gällande kommunikationstiden tyder resultaten på att valet av kommunikationsprotokoll påverkar mer än valet av serialiseringsformat för kommunikationer med små mängder data, medan motsatsen gäller för kommunikationer med mycket data.
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Prieto, Gutiérrez Juan José. "Protección de datos en la biblioteca de la Universidad Complutense." Thesis, 2006. http://eprints.rclis.org/10969/1/PROTECCION_DE_DATOS_EN_LA_BIBLIOTECA_DE_LA_UNIVERSIDAD_COMPLUTENSE_DE_MADRID.pdf.
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The object of the thesis is to give an overview of Data Protection at the library of the Universidad Complutense (Madrid). The sources of this work include legislation, polls of workers and users, monographs and articles. It concludes the need for creating a code of conduct for the rigorous treatment of personal information to guarantee confidentiality and protecting users' privacy.
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Buttà, Basilio. "Metadati negli Open Archive : tecniche di conversione dei formati dei record nel formato MARC21 utilizzato da CDSware." Thesis, 2004. http://eprints.rclis.org/5848/1/introduzione.PDF.
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The present elaborate of experimental thesis considers an actual reality that concerns, from few years, with the process of scientific communication: Open Archives and the OAI Initiative (Open Archive Initiatives). The interest for such matter has sprung from the reading of an article, published on the News-bulletin of the SIMAI (Italian Society of Applied and Industrial Mathematics) by Dott.ssa Antonella De Robbio, Responsible of the library of the CAB (Center of athenaeum for libraries) besides the university of the Studies in Padua, in which some open problems were underlined related to the communication of the research results inside the academic scientific community. Particularly this elaborate focuses the attention on the metadata and their importance for the realization of the scientific communication on which the OAI puts back its own efforts. As it regards the metadata they come particularly deepened the Dublin Core format, adopted as base by the OAI, and the MARC 21 format, one of the few formats able to manage data highly formalized, as for instance those of the bibliographical catalogs. Other treated aspect, regarding the metadata inside such initiative, it is their format XML of representation. Importance also is given to one of the active subjects in the process of communication among Open Archive: the Service Provider. The experimental part of the elaborate consists in the application of the software CDSware (Cern Document Server Software) for the conversion of the bibliographical records imported by the managerial system of library Aleph 500 in UNIMARC format to the XML MARC 21 format. Particularly, the realization of such part is focused on the use of the CDSware internal module: BibConvert, that allows the conversion of the bibliographical records withdrawn by an external source in the inside format of the CDSware system.
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Amelotti, Ercole. "Protocollo OAI-PMH negli Open Archive e applicazione CDSware per la rappresentazione dei relativi dati bibliografici." Thesis, 2004. http://eprints.rclis.org/5482/1/introduzione.PDF.
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This work of experimental thesis considers an actual reality that concerns, from a few years, with the process of scientific communication: Open Archives and the OAI initiative (Open Archive Initiative).
The interest for such matter has sprung from the reading of an article, published on the News-bulletin of the SIMAI (Italian Society of Applied and Industrial Mathematics) by Dott.ssa Antonella De Robbio, Responsible of the library of the CAB (Center of athenaeum for libraries) beside the University of the Studies in Padua, in which some open problems were underlined related to the communication of the research results inside the academic scientific community.
Particularly this thesis focuses the attention on the OAI protocol for the metadata harvesting developed by the same organization.
Are so evidentiated technical aspects related to the computer communication through the web, giving particular importance to the Data Provider subject, that is the active actor in such communicative process.
Another important treated aspect is made up of OAI-Rights: internal initiative of the same OAI, which investigates on a new reality that is the guardianship of the intellectual ownership right regarding the bibliografical metadata.
The experimental part of this work consists in the application of the CDSware software (Cern Document Server Software) for the web representation of bibliographical records imported by the library managerial system Aleph 500.
Particularly, the realization of such part is focused on the use of a CDSware internal module: BibFormat, that allows the creation of representation formats related to bibliographical data stored in the system for the end user.
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Tahamtan, Iman. "A qualitative study on the use of personal digital assistants and smartphones among interns and residents of Hazrat Rasool Akram and Imam-Khomeini hospitals." Thesis, 2011. http://eprints.rclis.org/19843/1/expliring%20pda%20usage.pdf.
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Introduction
Handheld computers such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and smartphones are playing an increasing role to improve healthcare services by making information available at the point of care. The aim of the present study was to investigate how medical interns and residents retrieve information when using handheld devices. Furthermore, This study investigates the benefits and barriers of using handheld computers in clinical activities, and factors affecting adoption handheld computers among medical interns and residents.
Methodology
We conducted this qualitative study, using a semi-structured interview protocol. We selected the subjects of the study, using the purposive snowball sampling method. We carried out in-depth interviews with 21 medical interns and residents from May through September 2011. NVivo Software was use to codify and analyze the data.
Findings
Participants usually used PDAs and smartphones for web search, personal information management and communication in daily activities. They also used handheld computers for searching medical databases and drug references, reading electronic books and web search. Participants believed that usefulness, ease of use, education, organizational factors, individual features, social influences, observability, compatibility and job characteristics were the main factors affecting the adoption of these devices in medical settings. It was found that the most important benefits of using handheld computers included easy access and instant delivery of health information, medical errors reduction, access to evidence based and up-to-date medical information, portability, improving clinical decision makings and treatment quality. Three limitation categories of usage were also identified upon data analysis: Limitations related to handheld computers, individual barriers, and external limitations.
Conclusion
Significant development and effective changes are taking place in the field of medicine by the emergence of handheld computers in clinical settings; but in developing countries like Iran it is in its childhood period and needs more attention. It is important to use supportive tools like mobile technologies in healthcare organizations for better patient care. Healthcare managers and policy makers can use findings of current study for a better integration of handheld computers in medical settings. They can apply encouraging factors in hospitals, medical centers and clinics to make mobile technologies as popular devices among healthcare professionals.
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Unger, Benedikt. "Datenstandards und Datentransferstandards im digitalen Musikvertrieb : eine Untersuchung digitaler Standards im digitalen Musikvertrieb aus techniksoziologischer Perspektive." Thesis, 2007. http://eprints.rclis.org/9922/1/unger_musik_datenstandards.pdf.
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The music industry has experienced a major slump in sales of physical sound storage media such as the compact disc. Contrary to this, revenues gained in the online music sector doubled in 2006. In this growing industry digital standard formats and standard workflows in the electronic music distribution process could help companies to lower their costs and work more efficiently. This thesis provides a rough overview of the digital music distribution industry with a special focus on the business-to-business relationship between music aggregators and music download platforms. It aims to clarify whether standards regarding workflow, music data and music metadata exist.
First, a review of literature is undertaken in order to gain knowledge about the social construction theory and actor network theory as well as facts and figures about the current digital music industry. Then five qualitative interviews are conducted with expert representatives of music aggregators and online music distributors. The interviews aim at identifying constraining closure mechanisms and uncovering details about the actors´ attitudes towards standardisation of workflows and data.
The main outcome of the thesis is that there is a need for standardisation of music metadata, data processing and sales reporting procedures. The findings suggest that the most powerful actors in the music business, represented by the IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), need to agree on international standards for the issues mentioned above. The findings also provide a list of starting points for further research and discussion about improvements in the digital music sector.
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Odigie, Imoisili. "Exploring the perceptions of network managers on bandwidth and online video streams in Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria." Thesis, 2015. http://eprints.rclis.org/43375/1/EXPLORING%20THE%20PERCEPTIONS%20OF%20NETWORK%20Managers%20on%20Bandwidth%20and%20Online%20Video.pdf.
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Online video streaming is a learning technology used in today’s world and reliant on the availability of bandwidth. This research study sought to understand the perceptions of network managers about bandwidth and online video streams in ABU Zaria. To achieve this, the interpretive paradigm and the Network Gatekeeping theory were used as the theoretical framework and also a case study approach was employed to investigate the phenomena. The study used a purposive sampling technique and a semi-structured interview to seek out opinions from the respondents. A thematic analytical approach was done with the use of Nvivo software, which yielded one hundred and seven codes, ten sub- categories and four major categories. The findings from the study indicated that 1) perceptions of network managers was one sided 2) no acceptable user policy was on ground and available bandwidth was limited 3) limitation of bandwidth, hindered user access to online video and mechanisms for gatekeeping had a role to play in the overall access to online video. Findings interpreted using the network gatekeeping theory suggest that to facilitate access for online video streaming user claims and bandwidth be taken into
consideration.
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Flamino, Adriana Nascimento. "MARC21 e XML como ferramentas para a consolidação da catalogação cooperativa automatizada: uma revisão de literatura." Thesis, 2003. http://eprints.rclis.org/16897/1/FLAMINO_Adriana_Nascimento_TCC.pdf.
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The cooperation and the sharing of information cataloguing and bibliographical in environment automated, this was only possible with the creation and adoption of interchange format MARC21. But due to the progresses of the technologies of information and communication, of the crescent use of Internet and of the databases and databanks, there were the need of the creation and development of tools that optimize the organization activities, retrieval and interchange of information. XML is one of those developments that have as purpose to facilitate the management, storage and transmission of data through Internet. Before that, it was proposed through a literature revision, to analyze Interchange Format MARC21 and Markup Language XML as tools for the consolidation of the Automated Cooperative Cataloguing, your differences of storage flexibilities, organization, retrieval and interchange of data through Internet. This research made possible the divulgation to the community librarian, through a literature revision, that has been discussed internationally on MARC21 and XML.
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Mazzieri, Marinella, Giovanni Michetti, and Gaetana Cognetti. "Definizione, recupero e struttura del protocollo clinico : analisi e riflessioni per una condivisione dell'informazione biomedica su Web." Thesis, 2003. http://eprints.rclis.org/5214/1/tesi_op_arch.zip.
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Internet has led to new systems of information retrieval and diffusion in all fields, also in medicine. Health workers, patients and citizens can freely have access - on the Net - to useful information resources, like those concerning clinical protocols.
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Miranda, Soares Filipi. "Princípios para a criação de uma extensão de metadados sobre interações ecológicas na agrobiodiversidade para o padrão Darwin Core." Thesis, 2019. http://eprints.rclis.org/43096/1/Filipi_Miranda_Soares_disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf.
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Information is an intrinsic element to human relations. When transmitted or stored in digital media, it needs to be well described so it can be efficiently retrieved, accessed and interpreted by society. Among the themes of interest to society today, agrobiodiversity is a broad concept that involves organisms and ecosystems related to agricultural production and crops. For computational systems, the representation of information produced about agrobiodiversity can be done with metadata. However, the existing metadata standards do not fully include the representation of some concepts of agrobiodiversity, as in the Darwin Core (DwC) standard. The aim of this research was to present principles for the creation of an extension of metadata for the DwC standard, having as scope the ecological interactions in the context of agrobiodiversity. To achieve the research aim, the methodology, characterized as exploratory, qualitative, applied and descriptive, was divided into two stages: 1) exploration of methodological and terminological inputs; 2) terminological definition and metadata modeling. The execution of the first stage of the methodology was organized into four substeps: a) systematic analysis of the literature on ecological interactions; b) analysis of the main core of DwC terms; c) analysis of the extensions to the DwC metadata standard; d) correlated terminological analysis of the classes of the model Book chapters on the topic "IF. Information transfer: protocols, formats, techniques"
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Cruz, Cristina, and Jonathan Houseley. "Protocols for Northern Analysis of Exosome Substrates and Other Noncoding RNAs." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 83–103. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9822-7_5.
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AbstractOver the past decade a plethora of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified, initiating an explosion in RNA research. Although RNA sequencing methods provide unsurpassed insights into ncRNA distribution and expression, detailed information on structure and processing are harder to extract from sequence data. In contrast, northern blotting methods provide uniquely detailed insights into complex RNA populations but are rarely employed outside specialist RNA research groups. Such techniques are generally considered difficult for nonspecialists, which is unfortunate as substantial technical advances in the past few decades have solved the major challenges. Here we present simple, reproducible and highly robust protocols for separating glyoxylated RNA on agarose gels and heat denatured RNA on polyacrylamide–urea gels using standard laboratory electrophoresis equipment. We also provide reliable transfer and hybridization protocols that do not require optimization for most applications. Together, these should allow any molecular biology lab to elucidate the structure and processing of ncRNAs of interest.
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Banday, Mohammad Tariq. "Applications of Digital Signature Certificates for Online Information Security." In Improving Information Security Practices through Computational Intelligence, 149–97. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9426-2.ch007.
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Information security has been the focus of research since decades; however, with the advent of Internet and its vast growth, online information security research has become recurrent. Novel methods, techniques, protocols, and procedures are continuously developed to secure information from growing threats. Digital signature certificates, currently offers one of the most trusted solutions to achieve CIA-trio for online information. This chapter discusses online information security through cryptography. It explains digital signature certificates; their benefits, the underlying standards, involved techniques, procedures, algorithms, processes, structure, management, formats, and illustration of their working. It highlights the potential of digital signatures and certificates in information security across different devices, services, and applications. It introduces a few useful tools to learn, train, and implement digital signature certificates.
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Devare, Manoj. "Low Power Communication Protocols for IoT-Enabled Applications." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 64–94. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3805-9.ch003.
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The industrial IoT marching towards the digital twin and the broad spectrum of applications need the specialized low power protocols for communication and data transfer. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the challenges, opportunities, use cases, platforms, and protocols for the deployment of low power protocols in the context of IoT applications. Moreover, discussion extends to the various custom techniques for energy saving in the communication of sensors to hardware, hardware to Cloud, and deferred data pushing in edge computing. The traditional wireless data transfer and communication protocols are suitable in case of the hardware platforms connected with seamless power supply. However, there is need of low power protocols 6LoWPAN, LoRaWAN, Sub 1, ZigBee, BLE, NFC, and other telecommunication protocols across several IoT applications. The SBCs and micro-controllers are not always equipped with these protocol-enabled hardware. This chapter addresses the suitable hardware and combination with low energy options as per the budget, range, and specifications.
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Banday, Mohammad Tariq. "Applications of Digital Signature Certificates for Online Information Security." In Cyber Security and Threats, 756–803. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5634-3.ch039.
Full textAbstract:
Information security has been the focus of research since decades; however, with the advent of Internet and its vast growth, online information security research has become recurrent. Novel methods, techniques, protocols, and procedures are continuously developed to secure information from growing threats. Digital signature certificates, currently offers one of the most trusted solutions to achieve CIA-trio for online information. This chapter discusses online information security through cryptography. It explains digital signature certificates; their benefits, the underlying standards, involved techniques, procedures, algorithms, processes, structure, management, formats, and illustration of their working. It highlights the potential of digital signatures and certificates in information security across different devices, services, and applications. It introduces a few useful tools to learn, train, and implement digital signature certificates.
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Xu, Xun. "CAD Data Exhange and CAD Standards." In Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control, 32–53. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-714-0.ch002.
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Today, more companies than ever before are involved in manufacturing various parts of their end products using different subcontractors, many of whom are often geographically diverse. The rise of such global efforts has created the need for sharing information among vendors involved in multi-disciplinary projects. Transfer of data is necessary so that, for example, one organization can be developing a CAD model, while another performs analysis work on the same model; at the same time a third organization is responsible for manufacturing the product. Data transfer fills the need to satisfy each of these functions in a specific way. Accurate transmission is of paramount importance. Thus, a mechanism for good data transfer is needed. The CAD interoperability issue - using one CAD system in-house, yet needing to deliver designs to, or receive designs from, another system, poses a challenge to industries such as automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, heavy equipment, and high-tech original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers. It is worth studying the issue and determining how engineering model data is delivered today to manufacturers and suppliers, how CAD conversion, geometric translation, and/or feature-based CAD interoperability are handled, at what expense, and under whose authority. This chapter explores the various ways to make this vital transfer possible. The attention will be directed towards data exchange and standards for 3-D CAD systems. Since CAD data formats have a lot to do with CAD kernels that govern the data structure and therefore the data formats, some popular CAD kernels are discussed. The data interoperability section covers different types of data translations and conversions. The use of neutral or standardized data exchange protocols is one of the natural methods for data exchange and sharing. This topic is covered at the end of this chapter.
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Peikert, Silvio, Celia Birle, Jamal Al Qundus, Le Duyen Sandra Vu, and Adrian Paschke. "Extracting References from German Legal Texts Using Named Entity Recognition1." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220472.
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Information extraction tasks are particularly challenging in specific contexts such as the legal domain. In this paper, Named Entity Recognition is used to make legal texts more accessible to domain experts and laymen. This paper focuses on extracting law references and citations of court decisions, which occur in various syntactic formats. To investigate this task a reference data set is constructed from a large collection of German court decisions and different NER-techniques are compared. Pattern matching, probabilistic sequence labeling (CRF), Deep Learning (BiLSTM) and transfer learning using a pretrained language model (BERT) are applied to extract references to laws and court decisions. The results show that the BERT based approach achieves F1 scores around 0.98 for both tasks and outperforms methods from prior work, which achieve F1 scores of 0.89 (CRF for law references) respectively 0.82 (CRF for court decisions) on the same data set.
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Zelewski, Stephan, Adina Silvia Bruns, and Martin Kowalski. "Ontologies for Guaranteeing the Interoperability in e-Business." In Handbook of Research on E-Business Standards and Protocols, 154–84. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0146-8.ch008.
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For e-business, the computer-based processing of value-creation, especially for knowledge-intensive business processes, plays a prominent role with the help of modern information and communication techniques. At least since the further development of the classical Internet for the Semantic Web, the content-based knowledge processing and knowledge transfer have gained more importance. In this chapter it is shown that ontologies represent an auspicious instrument to ensure the interoperability of information and communication systems that have to work together on the work-sharing development of knowledge-intensive business processes. Ontologies become important when agents with heterogeneous knowledge backgrounds co-operate on such business processes. Firstly, the complex and often ill-considered use of the definition of ontology will be discussed critically and its meaning specified. Thereupon it will be shown (with the help of two application areas) how ontologies can be used effectively to support knowledge-intensive business processes in e-business. On the one hand, the chapter is concerned with the management of knowledge of competences, which agents have to have a command of for successful process execution. On the other hand, it is about the management of know-how, which has already been collected from completed projects and should be reused in new projects.
Conference papers on the topic "IF. Information transfer: protocols, formats, techniques"
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Whitmore, Stacey. "Procedure Parsing: A Method for Parsing Handwritten Documents into Computer-Based Procedures." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002518.
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The nuclear industry is heavily procedure driven, where almost everything has a step-by-step instruction that is expected to be followed in detail. Historically, these procedures were printed on paper copies. Recently, the industry transitioned towards electronic copies (i.e., PDFs on tablets). One major drive for this transition is the introduction of human error and loss of situation awareness when using paper copies. However, electronic copies of documents inherently have the same error traps as their paper cousins. Therefore, there is an increased interest in a way to utilize the information in the step-by-step guidance, but to present it in a dynamic manner that guides the user and adapts to any encountered conditions. Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory propose a flexible, automated method based on document parsing and augmented by natural language processing (NLP) techniques, to address these shortcomings and capitalize on these recent advancements in machine learning. The proposed method provides a cost-effective solution for computer-assisted procedure parsing of hand-written control room procedures, originally authored in Word or PDF formats, into instructions that can be displayed as computer-based procedures (CBP) in a modern graphical user interface. The researchers devised, implemented and demonstrated the Operating Procedure Extender for Novel Systems (OPENS) method in 2020. The key to OPENS is to map the original procedure text into a context-free grammar, tying content to equipment, locations, and other steps, actions, etc. This formal grammar is then used to isolate and define keywords and actions verbs, such as “measure” or “evaluate” and tie them to specific equipment referenced within that step or located in other steps, substeps, actions, subactions and tables throughout the procedure. OPENS generates an abstract syntax tree from the document which it uses to store a copy of this information in the open-standard, machine-readable and human-readable file formats XML and JSON. The XML is useful to preserve the relational aspects of the procedure for referencing tables and branching information so the user can be directed to the next appropriate active step based on the values entered for that step and previous steps. The JSON is useful for storing and exchanging data objects used to track responses to previous steps and state changes in simulated environments. In future iterations, these formats can also be used for storing more detailed information about input during plant operation or simulation. The techniques the researcher developed could further be improved by integration of recent advancements in machine learning. NLP methods could standardize documents, correct for grammatical error, and provide automated semantic validation. The researcher expects that self-supervised techniques applied to collections of natural language instructions could strengthen the model with broader context. All these methods together give us a practical way to automatically extract protocols from documents and user interactions, empowering researchers, procedure writers and nuclear operators while moving the industry forward.
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Mattingly, George E. "Establishing the International Acceptability of Fluid Quantity and Flow Rate Measurements (Invited Paper)." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31078.
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Rapid advances in technology-communications, the internet, tele-marketing, travel, etc. are accelerating the globalization of the world’s market places. To facilitate this globalization by eliminating measurement-based barriers to trade, the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM) has, in accord with the authority granted it by the International Treaty of the Meter, produced a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA). This MRA, signed into existence in Oct 1999, has the objectives: 1. to establish the degree of equivalence of national measurement standards maintained by the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) that have signed the MRA, 2. to provide for the mutual recognition of calibration and measurement certificates issued by the NMIs, and thereby 3. to provide governments and other parties with a secure technical foundation for wider agreements regarding measurements that relate to international trade, commerce, and regulatory affairs. Information on the CIPM, and the MRA can be found on the website: http://www.bipm.org/. Degrees of equivalence between and among national measurement standards are based on the results of Key Comparisons (KCs) conducted within the Consultative Committees of the CIPM. Flow measurement efforts are being addressed by the newly formed Working Group for Fluid Flow (WGFF) of the CIPM Consultative Committee on Mass and Related Quantities (CCM). The WGFF efforts are organized into six, specific measurement areas: water, hydrocarbon liquid, air speed, liquid volume, high pressure gas, and low pressure gas flow. In each of these areas, and according to MRA rules, the efforts are to design and conduct KCs that quantify the equivalence of the flow standards maintained in the participating NMIs. To determine appropriate operating ranges for KC’s, the WGFF is reviewing the Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) of the participating NMIs. This presentation will briefly describe the MRA and the current WGFF plans and programs to conduct the KC tests. Specific techniques planned for the KCs will be to design flow meter transfer standards comprised of tandem arrangements of flow meters that are tested in the selected fluid and flow conditions to quantify the performance of NMI flow standards under actual conditions of use. Statistically sufficient and metrologically sound test protocols are being devised to efficiently and effectively produce the required data bases. Youden graphical analysis of variance and other statistical techniques are planned to analyze the resulting data. The results of these WGFF efforts are expected to make it feasible for flow measurements made anywhere in the world to be understood and acceptable anywhere else.