Journal articles: 'IEW'

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H R, Prasanna, Rajesh A, Sadananda M P, and Jayakrishna H J. "TUMOR MARKERS: A REV IEW." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 2, no. 25 (June 22, 2015): 3767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2015/539.

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van Leeuwen, Boudewijn, Zalán Tobak, Ferenc Kovács, and György Sipos. "Towards a continuous inland excess water flood monitoring system based on remote sensing data." Journal of Environmental Geography 10, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2017): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2017-0008.

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Abstract Inland excess water (IEW) is a type of flood where large flat inland areas are covered with water during a period of several weeks to months. The monitoring of these floods is needed to understand the extent and direction of development of the inundations and to mitigate their damage to the agricultural sector and build up infrastructure. Since IEW affects large areas, remote sensing data and methods are promising technologies to map these floods. This study presents the first results of a system that can monitor inland excess water over a large area with sufficient detail at a high interval and in a timely matter. The methodology is developed in such a way that only freely available satellite imagery is required and a map with known water bodies is needed to train the method to identify inundations. Minimal human interference is needed to generate the IEW maps. We will present a method describing three parallel workflows, each generating separate maps. The maps are combined to one weekly IEW map. At this moment, the method is capable of generating IEW maps for a region of over 8000 km2, but it will be extended to cover the whole Great Hungarian Plain, and in the future, it can be extended to any area where a training water map can be created.

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Kajári, Balázs, Csaba Bozán, and Boudewijn Van Leeuwen. "Monitoring of Inland Excess Water Inundations Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Land 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010036.

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Nowadays, climate change not only leads to riverine floods and flash floods but also to inland excess water (IEW) inundations and drought due to extreme hydrological processes. The Carpathian Basin is extremely affected by fast-changing weather conditions during the year. IEW (sometimes referred to as water logging) is formed when, due to limited runoff, infiltration, and evaporation, surplus water remains on the surface or in places where groundwater flowing to lower areas appears on the surface by leaking through porous soil. In this study, eight different machine learning approaches were applied to derive IEW inundations on three different dates in 2021 (23 February, 7 March, 20 March). Index-based approaches are simple and provide relatively good results, but they need to be adapted to specific circumstances for each area and date. With an overall accuracy of 0.98, a Kappa of 0.65, and a QADI score of 0.020, the deep learning method Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) gave the best results, compared to the more traditional machine learning approaches Maximum Likelihood (ML), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) that were evaluated. The CNN-based IEW maps can be used in operational inland excess water control by water management authorities.

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van Leeuwen, Boudewijn, Zalán Tobak, and Ferenc Kovács. "Sentinel-1 and -2 Based near Real Time Inland Excess Water Mapping for Optimized Water Management." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072854.

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Changing climate is expected to cause more extreme weather patterns in many parts of the world. In the Carpathian Basin, it is expected that the frequency of intensive precipitation will increase causing inland excess water (IEW) in parts of the plains more frequently, while currently the phenomenon already causes great damage. This research presents and validates a new methodology to determine the extent of these floods using a combination of passive and active remote sensing data. The method can be used to monitor IEW over large areas in a fully automated way based on freely available Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery. The method is validated for two IEW periods in 2016 and 2018 using high-resolution optical satellite data and aerial photographs. Compared to earlier remote sensing data-based methods, our method can be applied under unfavorite weather conditions, does not need human interaction and gives accurate results for inundations larger than 1000 m2. The overall accuracy of the classification exceeds 99%; however, smaller IEW patches are underestimated due to the spatial resolution of the input data. Knowledge on the location and duration of the inundations helps to take operational measures against the water but is also required to determine the possibilities for storage of water for dry periods. The frequent monitoring of the floods supports sustainable water management in the area better than the methods currently employed.

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Abdisa, Tagesu. "Rev iew on Ovine Fasciolosis in Ethiopia." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 2, no. 2 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000132.

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Fasciolosis is one of the major constraint factors for ovine production development in Ethiopia by inflecting direct and indirect loss at different parts of the country. Ovine fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of sheep caused by tr ematodes species of the genus Fasciola , which migrate in the hepatic parenchyma and establish and develops in the bile ducts. In Ethiopia, both species co - exist at different altitudes. The snails of the genus lymnae are mainly involved as an intermediate host in the life cycle of fasciolosis. Ovine fascioliasis in Ethiopia were losses annually estimated at 48.4 million Ethiopian birr due to mortality, productivity (weight loss and reproductive wastage), and liver condemnation at slaughter. This fasciola di sease has three phases of clinical sign acute, sub - acute and chronic forms. Acute fasciolosis occurs as disease outbreak following a massive, but relatively short - term, intake of metacercariae. Death usually results from blood loss due to hemorrhage and ti ssue destruction caused by the migratory juvenile flukes in the live resulting in traumatic hepatitis. Diagnosis of Fasciolosis is based on clinical sign, grazing history, and seasonal occurrence, examination of feces by laboratory tests and post mortem ex amination. Treatment of infected animals will largely depend on the correct use of appropriate and registered anthelmintic. Triclabendazole is the most effective anthelmintic drug which can be destroys or kills all stage of fasciola. Fasciolosis may be con trolled by reducing the populations of the intermediate snail host, or by appropriate anthelminthic treatment and the population of snail should be destroyed by applying Molluscicide and destroying the environment that suit for snail’s reproduction.

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AL-Farhan, Khalid A. "farhan—a qualitative and quantitative PC program for X-ray powder diffraction." Powder Diffraction 14, no. 1 (March 1999): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600010241.

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FARHAN is a PC interactive, graphically oriented search–match–identification–quantification computer program for X-ray powder diffraction, which uses a variable intensity-error window (IEW). Both the intensity scale factor and the IEW for each standard phase are estimated by a simple iterative procedure. A new tunable combined figure-of-merit (agreement function) is suggested for estimating the goodness-of-fit of matches. The concentrations of the identified phases may be determined by normalized or generalized RIR quantification methods, if the RIRs of the identified phases are known.

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Tiwari, Manish, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Ravi Bhushan, B. L. K. Somayajulu, A. J. Timothy Jull, and George S. Burr. "Paleoproductivity Variations in the Equatorial Arabian Sea: Implications for East African and Indian Summer Rainfalls and the El Niño Frequency." Radiocarbon 48, no. 1 (2006): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035360.

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We analyzed a sediment core from the equatorial Arabian Sea, chronologically constrained by accurate accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on selected planktonic foraminiferal species, for paleoproductivity variations corresponding to the variations in the Indian Ocean Equatorial Westerlies (IEW). The IEW in turn are positively correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), which is a measure of El Niño, Southwest monsoon (SWM), and east African rainfall (EAR). The productivity data show that Indian and east African rainfalls declined from 35,000 calendar yr BP up to the last glacial maximum (LGM), with the maximum El Niño frequency during the last glacial period. From ∼14,500 to ∼2000 calendar yr BP (i.e. core top), we find strengthening SWM and EAR along with declining El Niño frequency.

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Șerbănescu, Monica Valentina, and Mariana Dogaru. "RELIGION LESSON- VECTOR FOR STUDYING ARTS. TRANSDISCIPLINARITY V IEW." International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on the Dialogue between Sciences & Arts, Religion & Education 2, no. 2 (2018): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/mcdsare.2018.2.269-274.

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Hidayat, Amri Syarif, Syamsul Hadi, and Subejo Subejo. "Kontra Radikalisasi dalam Penyuluhan Agama Islam di Kabupaten Sukoharjo." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v14i1.2954.

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This paper examines the implementation of counter-radicalization extension by Islamic Extension Workers (IEW) and the policies issued in the effort at the Ministry of Religion Affairs (MoRA) in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The descriptive method was used by using the qualitative approach. The results show that the MoRA had established a program for disseminating Islamic moderation in the 2015-2020 Strategic Plan as a counter-radicalization, which the Directorate General of Islamic Guidance programmed to optimize the role of IEW. However, until the end of the Strategic Plan, the program was unclear to the level of extension workers. Although there was no policy for operational guidance on it, MoRa of Sukoharjo made a policy to enact the decision of the General Director of Islamic Guidance number 297/2017 as a reference for radicalism extension. In the implementation of the face-to-face approach of extension (inter persona communication), it has not run optimally by IEW due to their competency and capacity factors. While in the mediated communication approach, IEW of Sukoharjo has succeeded in developing the extension activities through counter radicalism narratives, mosque coaching, and forming the communication forum for Mosque administrators as counter radicalism efforts. Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang implementasi penyuluhan kontra radikalisasi oleh Penyuluh Agama Islam (PAI) dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang telah dikeluarkan dalam upaya tersebut di Kementerian Agama (Kemenag) Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Metode deskriptif digunakan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kemenag telah menetapkan program diseminasi moderasi Islam dalam Renstra 2015-2020 sebagai kontra radikalisasi, yang oleh Ditjen Bimas Islam diprogramkan optimalisasi peran penyuluh agama Islam, namun sampai akhir Renstra upaya tersebut belum terealisasi dengan jelas sampai ke tingkat penyuluh. Meskipun belum ada kebijakan berupa pedoman penyuluhan moderasi Islam, Kemenag Sukoharjo mengambil kebijakan untuk memberlakukan keputusan Dirjen Bimas Islam No. 297/2017 sebagai acuan penyuluhan radikalisme, namun dalam implementasi penyuluhan tatap muka (inter persona communication) belum dijalankan secara maksimal oleh PAI karena faktor kompetensi dan kapasitas. Sementara dalam penyuluhan dengan pendekatan mediated communication, PAI Sukoharjo telah berhasil mengembangkan kegiatan penyuluhan melalui kontra narasi radikalisme, pembinaan masjid dan membentuk forum silaturahmi antar pengurus masjid sebagai upaya kontra radikalisme.

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Joseph, Amgad. "An Unpublished Stela of Nedjesankh/Iew and His Family (CG 20394/JE 15107)." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 55 (November 22, 2019): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jarce.55.2019.a005.

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This article is the publication of a stela from Abydos that will be exhibited in the Grand Egyptian Museum, Giza (CG 20394/JE 15108). The stela can be dated to early in the first part of the Thirteenth Dynasty, probably in the reign of King Ameny-Qemau, on the grounds of its stylistic, phraseological, iconographic, and epigraphic details. It is the only monument that records the names of Queen Nofret, who may have been the wife of Ameny-Qemau and their daughter Princess Hatshepsut. It documents the marriage between Hatshepsut and the stela’s owner, the 'tw n tt ha', Commander of the [Ruler’s] Crew, Nedjesankh/Iew. It also depicts their children, and the children of another woman called Nebuemwakh who may have been a secondary wife of Nedjesankh/Iew. The author describes the stela, deals with its individual idiosyncrasies, texts, and focuses on the genealogy of its individuals.

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Schrattenholzer, Leo. "Selected results of the 1996 IEW Poll of energy projections." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 11, no. 1/2/3/4 (1998): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.1998.000817.

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Ikebata, Kota, Yoshikazu Kobayashi, Kenichi Oda, and Katsuya Nakamura. "Evaluation of Unfilled Sheath in Concrete Structures Using Response Waveform in Time Domain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 11402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311402.

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The impact elastic wave method (IEW) has been applied to evaluate the thickness and internal defects of the target structure based on the dominant frequency of the response wave that is formed by the repeated reflections in the thickness direction. However, it is difficult to evaluate the size and position of the defect by IEW if the size and depth are relatively small and deep, respectively, and further, it is known that the technique is inapplicable if the target is not a plate-like structures. Therefore, the authors propose a new technique that uses Difference value as a new evaluation index to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods. Difference value shows the change of the response waveform in the time domain; it is computed by using a response waveform of the structures in sound condition as a reference. In this paper, the practicality of the Difference value is investigated by performing experiments using concrete specimens. The results of the experiments demonstrate that Difference value changes by the influence of internal defects, and Difference value evaluates the location of the relatively small defect that is difficult to evaluate by the conventional technique.

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Chaudhary, Kamika, and Neena Gupta. "E-Learning Recommender System for Learners: A Machine Learning based Approach." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2019.4.4-076.

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Web mining procedure helps the surfers to get the required information but finding the exact information is as good as finding a needle in a haystack. In this work, an intelligent prediction model using Tensor Flow environment for Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) devices has been designed to meet the challenges of speed and accuracy. The proposed approach is isolated into two stages: pre-processing and prediction. In the first phase, the procedure starts via looking through the URLs of various e-learning sites particular to computer science subjects. At that point, the content of looked through URLs are perused and after that from their keywords are produced identified with a particular subject in the wake of playing out the pre-processing of the content. Second phase is prediction that predicts query specific links of e-learning website. The proposed Intelligent E-learning through Web (IEW) has content mining, lexical analysis, classification and machine learning based prediction as its key features. Algorithms like SVM, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Random Forest were tested and it was found that Random Forest gave an accuracy of 98.98%, SVM 42%, KNN 63% and Naïve Bayes 66%. Based on the results IEW uses Random forest for prediction.

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Choi, Jeong Ho, Sun Yeong Hong, Sung Sin Park, Sung Ho Cha, Eun Jin Kim, Jin Lee, and Jin Keun Chang. "Orbital and Periorbital Cellulitis in Children: A Recent 7-Year Clinical Rev iew." Korean Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 15, no. 1 (2008): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/kjpid.2008.15.1.35.

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Goman, Victor, Vladimir Prakht, Vadim Kazakbaev, and Vladimir Dmitrievskii. "Comparative Study of Induction Motors of IE2, IE3 and IE4 Efficiency Classes in Pump Applications Taking into Account CO2 Emission Intensity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 8536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238536.

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The high energy intensity of the modern industry and the threat of climate change determine the high urgency of increasing the energy efficiency of electric motors. In this paper, energy consumption, energy costs, payback periods, and CO2 emissions of 75 kW, 4 pole induction motors with direct grid supply in a fixed-speed pump unit are evaluated. Motors of the IE2, IE3, and IE4 efficiency classes according to IEC 60034-30-1 standard are compared in terms of life-time energy savings, payback period, and CO2 emissions. To carry out the analysis, polynomial interpolation of the data from the available manufacturer datasheets of the motors is used. It concluded that even though the initial investment cost of the IE4-motor is higher than that of IE3-motor, the IE4-motor is more profitable if more than 3 years of operation are considered and also provides significant reductions of CO2 emissions. The paper presents a calculation method of the aforementioned indicators which can be useful for companies, researchers, and engineers for quick assessment and selection of technical solutions.

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Semina, O. V., T. N. Semenets, I. A. Zamulaeva, E. I. Selivanova, Ya V. Malyutina, Yu A. Semin, V. I. Deigin, and A. S. Saenko. "Effects of iEW Synthetic Peptide Isomers on Bone Marrow Colony-Forming Capacity In Vivo." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 140, no. 3 (September 2005): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-005-0487-8.

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Geng, Yuqing, Zejun Wei, Han Zhang, and Mukasar Maimaituerxun. "Analysis and Prediction of the Coupling Coordination Relationship between Tourism and Air Environment: Yangtze River Economic Zone in China as Example." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (January 31, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1406978.

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The results show that the comprehensive development degree (CDD) of the tourism-air environment system mainly maintains stable with fluctuation and the gap among different reaches in the Zone is declining; the coupling coordination degree’s (CCD) tendency in most regions remains similar as in the previous decade. The results illustrate that the method combing information entropy weight and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (IEW-TOPSIS), coupling coordination degree model (CCDM), and gray GM (1, 1) prediction model is effective in evaluating the coupling coordination relationship between the subsystems of tourism and air environment and in proposing specific countermeasures for tourism development and air environment governance.

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Van Wyk, P. W. J., and M. J. Wingfield. "Ascospore development in Ceratocystis sensu lato (Fungi): a review." Bothalia 20, no. 2 (October 17, 1990): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v20i2.907.

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Ceratocystis. Ceratocxstiopsis and Ophiostoma are important pathogens of trees and some agricultural crops and have recently been found on proteas and forest trees in South Africa. Taxonomic controversy exists regarding these genera and ultrastructural studies on the development of asci, uniquely shaped ascospores and centrum structure are inadequate. This rev iew summarises current knowledge of ascospore shape and development of the centrum obtained from light and electron microscope studies of Cemtocystis sensu lato. Important questions requiring further investigations are outlined. It is furthermore proposed that additional ultrastructural studies are required to clarify the current taxonomic disagreement in this group. Such studies could also identify relationships between these fungi and other Ascomycetes.

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Enokizono, Masato. "Vector Magnetic Characteristic Technology for Developing High Efficiency Machines in Oita National Project." Materials Science Forum 792 (August 2014): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.792.207.

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In this paper we will discuss about the development of IE4 level motor proposed by IEC, which is new target for international efficiencies. Efficiency classes IE1-IE4 are defined in international standard IEC 60034-30. The draft version of IEC 60034-31 defines the new class IE4. The IE-codes replaces the former voluntary Eff classification of electric motors as shown in Table 1. The Eff classes are based on a voluntary agreement between the EU and the CEMEP in 1998.Table 1 Minimum energy performance standards for electric motors.

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Chanthakhot, Wattana, and Kasin Ransikarbum. "Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety." Safety 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7020047.

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Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

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Goman, Victor, Safarbek Oshurbekov, Vadim Kazakbaev, Vladimir Prakht, and Vladimir Dmitrievskii. "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Fixed-Speed Pump Drives with Various Types of Motors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 5295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245295.

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The paper presents a comparative analysis of energy consumption by 2.2 kW electric motors of various types and energy efficiency classes in the electric drive of a pump unit with throttle control in a water supply system. Line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors of the IE4 energy efficiency class and induction motors of the IE4 and IE3 energy efficiency classes of various manufacturers were considered (IE4 and IE3 are labels of energy efficiency classes of electric motors according to IEC 60034-30-1 standard). Energy consumption at a hydraulic load changing under a typical duty cycle was calculated based on the nameplate data of the pump and electric motors. The developed method shows that selecting an electric motor based on the IE energy efficiency class under the IEC 60034-30-1 standard (i.e., based on efficiency at a rated load) may not provide the minimum energy consumption of a variable flow pump unit over a typical duty cycle. In particular, the considered IE4 class line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors do not provide significant advantages over IE4 class induction motors, and sometimes even over IE3 class induction motors when they are used in variable flow pump units.

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Grzimek, Natascha K. A., Doris Dreis, Susanne Schmalz, and Matthias J. Reddehase. "Random, Asynchronous, and Asymmetric Transcriptional Activity of Enhancer-Flanking Major Immediate-Early Genes ie1/3 andie2 during Murine Cytomegalovirus Latency in the Lungs." Journal of Virology 75, no. 6 (March 15, 2001): 2692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.6.2692-2705.2001.

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ABSTRACT The lungs are a major organ site of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pathogenesis, latency, and recurrence. Previous work on murine CMV latency has documented a high load and an even distribution of viral genomes in the lungs after the resolution of productive infection. Initiation of the productive cycle requires expression of theie1/3 transcription unit, which is driven by the immediate-early (IE) promoter P1/3 and generates IE1 and IE3 transcripts by differential splicing. Latency is molecularly defined by the absence of IE3 transcripts specifying the essential transactivator protein IE3. In contrast, IE1 transcripts were found to be generated focally and randomly, reflecting sporadic P1/3activity. Selective generation of IE1 transcripts implies molecular control of latency operating after ie1/3 transcription initiation. P1/3 is regulated by an upstream enhancer. It is widely assumed that the viral transcriptional program is started by activation of the enhancer through the binding of transcription factors. Accordingly, stochastic transcription during latency might reflect episodes of enhancer activation by the “noise” activity of intrinsic transcription factors. In addition to ie1/3, the enhancer controls gene ie2, which has its own promoter, P2, and is transcribed in opposite direction. We show here that ie2 is also randomly transcribed during latency. Notably, however, ie1 and ie2 were found to be expressed independently. We infer from this finding that expression of the major IE genes is regulated asymmetrically and asynchronously via the combined control unit P1/3 -E-P2. Our data are consistent with a stochastic nature of enhancer action as it is proposed by the “binary” or probability model.

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Dambrauskas, Karolis, Jonas Vanagas, Tomas Zimnickas, Artūras Kalvaitis, and Mindaugas Ažubalis. "A Method for Efficiency Determination of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13041004.

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The utilization rate of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) is increasing in the industry today. Due to this fact, the high efficiency ratio of PMSMs has reached IE5 premium class efficiency. Therefore, the efficiency coefficient of the PMSM varies from 92% to 97%. As a result, this type of motor is replacing traditional asynchronous motor by falling into efficiency classes of IE1, IE2, IE3, and IE4, which range from 75% to 92% in the industry. Thus, the object of the research was to develop a method to determine the efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous motor applications in order to identify and verify the variating parameters. In this study, an innovative and safe method of PMSM testing when the nominal parameters of the motor are unknown was presented through research. Also, the comparison of PMSM oscillograms with different types of load types and phase shift oscillograms, generated using operation amplifier, were analyzed and is scrutinized. During the design process, the PMSM was projected for the IE5 premium efficiency class. However, after production, the PMSM sometimes does not match the nameplate parameters, which are declared by the factory. As a result, during the testing procedures, the PMSM nameplate parameters did not match the projected parameters. Facing the problem of the projected and tested efficiency mismatch, the PMSM highest efficiency determination experiments were performed in a laboratory in order to prove the highest efficiency of the PMSM. The results showed different PMSM input parameters. Furthermore, the experimental results of the PMSM testing were confirmed with electrical machines theory, and simulation results were performed with electrical circuits. The theory of PMSM operating in different values of input voltage is represented in graphical abstract.

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Berghammer, Rudolf. "Computing and visualizing banks sets of dominance relations using relation algebra and R el V iew." Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 82, no. 3-4 (April 2013): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlap.2013.02.001.

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Fouché, Florian, and Marianne Mesnil. "The Antidote Museum in practice: an artist and an ethnologist's iew on the Romanian Peasant Museum." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 23 (November 15, 2018): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2018.23.06.

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During an interview from Autumn 2017, in Bucharest, Marianne Mesnil (ethnologist) and Florian Fouché (artist) talk about their experience at the Romanian Peasant Museum in Bucharest. They are discussing about the museum display experienced by Irina Nicolau (1946-2002) and Horia Bernea (1938-2000): the exhibition hall “The Plague”, the curtains from “Village School”, the manifest “The Antidote Museum”, or the concepts of “father-museums” and “mother-museums”, the exhibition hall “Time”. Starting with their reflections on the Peasant Museum, the discussion turns to the exhibition that Florian Fouché had about the museum, entitled “The Antidote Museum” (Centre d’art Passerelle, Brest,2014), but also to the exhibitions that Irina Nicolau had set up in France, Un village dans une malle (Paris, 1991), and another one in Belgium, Roumanie en miroir, mémoires de tiroir (Treignes, 1997). The article is accompanied by photos taken by Florian Fouché of his exhibition.

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Ferreira, Fernando J. T. E., Benoit Leprettre, and Anibal T. de Almeida. "Comparison of Protection Requirements in IE2-, IE3-, and IE4-Class Motors." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 52, no. 4 (July 2016): 3603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2545647.

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Li, Xian Wei. "Research of Android Platform Application Based on HTML5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1901.

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In the society with the rapid development and popularization of computer technology, the management information system has become the hot field of software development. It runs stably in the browsers, like IE6, IE7, IE8, IE9 and FireFox, with high efficiency, sound security, friendly interface and simple operation. It has done research on the design and realization process of HTML5 off-line data storage on the Android platform. Under the Eclipse integrated development environment, with Android SDK and HTML5 grammar, develop the system, which realize the functions of off-line storage, addition, deletion and modification of user data. It enables the application of HTML5 of Android platform and has made detailed analysis on the Android platform and HTML5 application module. The result indicates, the webpage application design of HTML5 conducted on the Android platform, is simple and fast, which can better meet the demand of Android cellphone users.

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Tabora, Jonathan Munoz, Maria Emilia De Lima Tostes, Edson Ortiz De Matos, Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra, Thiago Mota Soares, and Bruno Santana De Albuquerque. "Assessing Voltage Unbalance Conditions in IE2, IE3 and IE4 Classes Induction Motors." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 186725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029794.

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Khuzin, R. R., R. N. Bakhtizin, V. E. Andreev, L. S. Kuleshova, V. V. Mukhametshin, and Sh Kh Sultanov. "Oil recovery enhancement by reservoir hydraulic compression technique employment." SOCAR Proceedings, SI1 (June 30, 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp2021si100522.

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Industrial experiment works (IEW) were carried out to study the mechanism of filtration and reservoir properties changes (FRP) in the process of wells swabbing. Based on the hydrodynamic studies, the results of the works are analyzed. A method for oil production enhancing by reservoirs hydraulic compression has been worked out. In the process of well swabbing the barograms were recorded, pressure recovery curves were taken with the determination of hydraulic conductivity and piezoconductivity values, potential productivity coefficients, well flow rate, reservoir pressure before and after exposure. The interpretation of hydrodynamic studies was carried out by the deterministic analysis with subsequent modeling of the situation. The reservoir, opened by the perforation interval, is of complex structure, as a result of which the liquid was absorbed by the interlayer located above the area with newly formed microcracks. Keywords: hard-to-recover reserves; swabbing; carbonate reservoirs; filtration reservoir properties; pressure recovery curve.

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Chen, Biyun, Yanni Chen, Bin Li, Yun Zhu, and Chi Zhang. "An Optimal Dispatching Model for Integrated Energy Microgrid Considering the Reliability Principal–Agent Contract." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 7645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137645.

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As the increasing penetration of sustainable energy brings risks and opportunities for energy system reliability, at the same time, considering the multi-dimensional differentiation of users’ reliability demands can further explore the potential value of reliability resources in Integrated Energy Microgrid (IEM). To activate the reliability resources in a market-oriented perspective and flexibly optimize the operational reservation in dispatch, an optimal dispatching model in IEM considering reliability principal–agent contracts is proposed. We establish the reliability principal–agent mechanism and propose a cooperative gaming model of Integrated Energy Operator (IEO) and Integrated Energy User (IEU) based on the optimal dispatching model. At the upper level, the economic dispatching model of IEO is established to optimize the operation reservation, and the reliability principal–agent contract from users in the lower level would influence reliability improvement. Each IEU in the lower level maximizes its energy utilization and gives the corresponding reliability principal–agent incentives according to the reliability improvement degree and its actual demand. The bi-level model is solved by the KKT condition and strong duality theorem. A case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model in reducing the energy dispatch cost, improving the economic benefits of each participant, realizing the optimal allocation of reliability resources and optimizing the IEM energy structure, and the sensitivity analysis of dispatch cost with the user’s energy-using benefits is discussed.

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Goman, V. V., V. A. Prakht, V. M. Kazakbaev, V. A. Dmitrievskii, E. A. Valeev, and A. S. Paramonov. "Analysis of the payback period of a modernized pump unit with induction electric motors of advanced energy efficiency classes." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2021.1.03.

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Aim. The comparative analysis of energy consumption, electricity costs during lifetime cycle and payback period of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, belonging to various energy efficiency classes, feeding directly from power grid. Methods. The examined operating modes aligned with a typical operating cycle of a pump unit with approximately constant flow rate of 75-110 % of the rated flow. The calculations were based on the pump and induction motors nameplate data, which, in their turn, were based on the manufacturers’ experimental data. Results. The calculations of energy consumption, electricity costs and payback periods of a pump unit with 90 kW 2-pole induction motors, feeding directly from power grid have been performed in the article. The application of induction motors belonging to IE2, IE3 and IE4 energy efficiency classes has been discussed. Practical value. It has been demonstrated, than in case of replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 due to planned retrofit, payback period for an IE4 induction motor is 2.18 years, energy savings within a calculated 20-year operating period are 268MW·h, which makes €41110 in money terms. Under the same conditions, the replacement of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE2 with an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE3 will allow to save 88 MW·h within a calculated operating period, which, expressed in monetary terms, is €13500 and the payback period is 5.11 years. Thus, the article proves that despite a higher initial price, the choice of an induction motor of energy efficiency class IE4 tends to be more economically advantageous.

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Cabrera, Enrique, Miguel Ortiz, Elena Gómez, Pascual Maximino, Roberto Del Teso, and Carlos Marco. "El transporte de agua a presión y su certificación energética. La herramienta ENERGOS." Ingeniería del Agua 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ia.2023.18564.

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El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento energético de los sistemas de transporte de agua a presión simples, en los que una tubería trasiega agua desde el punto origen hasta el final. El objetivo del análisis es evaluar la eficiencia energética del sistema y, a partir de ella, formular una propuesta de certificación energética. Para ello, se calculan tres valores representativos del indicador intensidad energética Ie, (kWh/m3): la intensidad energética ideal Iei; la Intensidad energética real Ier, cociente entre la energía realmente consumida (kWh) y el volumen trasegado (m3) en idéntico periodo de tiempo, y, por último, la Intensidad energética objetivo, Ieo, valor de la energía unitaria suponiendo un funcionamiento real óptimo. El resultado del cociente Ier/Ieo sintetiza el margen de mejora del sistema y, por tanto, es el utilizado para calificar su eficiencia energética. El trabajo concluye con un ejemplo real que reproduce el procedimiento establecido.

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Daskalova, Victoria. "Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of the Tilburg Law Rel/iew: A Look to the Past through the Eyes of Our Founder." Tilburg Law Review 15, no. 2 (October 31, 2010): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112596-90000009.

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Zakaria, Siti Aisyah, Azriani Ab Rahman, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Raishan Shafini Bakar, Mohd Zulkifli Abdul Rahim, Nor Haslina Mohd, and Nor Azni Yahaya. "The Effectiveness of Cerebral Palsy Support Intervention on Perceived Social Support Among Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in North-Eastern Region, Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): e001419. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i4.1419.

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong disorder that requires a fulltime commitment from the caregivers. Due to the complexity of care and complications associated with CP, the caregivers of children with CP require a good social support. This study aimed to determine the impact of CP support intervention on caregivers perceived social support.This quasi-experimental study involved caregivers of children with CP from community-based rehabilitation (CBR) centers. The intervention group (n=21) were given CP Support intervention through provision of information and social support from a multidisciplinary team including governmental, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and parents. It contains information enrichment workshop (IEW), caregivers support group (CSG), and WhatsApp group. The control group (n=45) received only usual care. Factorial ANCOVA revealed that higher level of perceived social support was observed in the intervention group at the end of the study. The intervention effect was significant after six months post intervention when other variables were controlled (p = 0.031). Findings of this study highlighted the favorable outcome of the CP Support intervention program on the caregivers’ perceived social support through provision of information and social support.

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Ding, Lan, and Yao Zeng. "Evaluation of Chinese higher education by TOPSIS and IEW — The case of 68 universities belonging to the Ministry of Education in China." China Economic Review 36 (December 2015): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2015.05.007.

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Yashchenko, Svetlana G., and S. Yu Rybalko. "THE PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DUE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC LOADS GENERATED BY MOBILE COMMUNICATION." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1302-1308.

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Introduction. Identification of the relationship between the prevalence of carfiovascular diseases and the electromagnetic environment generated by mobile communication terminals (MCT) is an current problem of modern preventive medicine. In the work an assessment of the electromagnetic situation generated by the MCT on value to the individual electromagnetic loading (IEL) is given. Material and methods. Using data measured in 2102 points the energy stream density (ESD), and the access interval (AI), determined by a crowdsourcing method, the individual electromagnetic exposition (IEE) by 1,850 reports on specification of calls in the Republic of Crimea. Using the obtained data of counting the individual electromagnetic loading (IEL). The medico-statistical analysis of the blood circulatory system diseases (BCSD) is carried out on the basis of these statistical forms of treatment. Statistical processing was carried out by the linear correlation analysis according to Pearson. Results. As a result of monitoring of the electromagnetic situation, the average values of the Crimea ESD accounted for 1.36±0.06(mW/cm2), АI: 8.82±0.28, and IEE: 56.94±2.77 min/day were obtained. The average IEL in Crimea was 112.41±9.15 ((µw/cm2)•min). Positive correlations between IEN and indices of morbidity rate of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) (R=0.511; p=0.015), elevated blood pressure (IBP) (R=0.523; p=0.013), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (R=0.452; p=0.035)) were found. Conclusion. Significant correlations between IEL and DCS, IBP and CHD. Discovered a new correlation between the IEL and increased overall morbidity (IBP) (R=0.449; p=0.036)) allows evaluating the method of determining the IEL as a more “sensitive”.

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Stewart, Taryn M., Ilse Huijskens, Leslie G. Willis, and David A. Theilmann. "The Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus ie0-ie1 Gene Complex Is Essential for Wild-Type Virus Replication, but either IE0 or IE1 Can Support Virus Growth." Journal of Virology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2005): 4619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.8.4619-4629.2005.

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ABSTRACT The immediate-early ie0-ie1 gene complex expresses the only baculovirus spliced gene that produces an alternate protein product. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) IE1 is a potent transcriptional transactivator that is essential for viral replication in transient assays. IE1 contains 582 amino acids that are arranged into different domains, including an acidic activation domain at the N terminus, a DNA binding domain, and an oligomerization domain at the C terminus. IE0 is a 52-amino-acid N-terminally elongated form of IE1. We investigated the functions of IE0 and IE1 in virus-infected cells by constructing the first ie1 open reading frame knockout virus. An infectious AcMNPV bacmid was used to generate the ie1 knockout, and the resulting virus, AcBacIE1KO, effectively deletes both ie0 and ie1. AcBacIE1KO does not infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells, showing that the ie0-ie1 gene complex is essential for viral infection. Rescue viruses of AcBacIE1KO were constructed that express only IE1, IE1 and IE0, or only IE0. Our results show that both IE0 and IE1 can function independently, but not equivalently, to support replication, producing infectious virus. Viruses expressing predominately, or only, IE0 produced significantly fewer cells with polyhedra than either the IE1 counterpart or wild-type virus. In addition, DNA replication was prolonged and budded virus and late gene expression were delayed. Viruses expressing only IE1 also produced fewer polyhedra, but replication was slightly faster and achieved higher levels than that of the wild-type virus. Both IE0 and IE1 are therefore required and must be expressed in the correct quantitative ratios to achieve a wild-type infection.

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Tarsi, Matteo. "On the origin of the oldest borrowed Christian terminology in Icelandic." Orð og tunga 18 (June 1, 2016): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.18.5.

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This article deals with the origin of the oldest core of borrowed Christian terminology still extant in Icelandic, i.e. those words which were introduced in Old Norse in the period ranging from the first evangelical missions in Scandinavia (9th c.) to the establishment of the archbishopric in Niðarós (1153). After a short introduction (1), a brief overview of the aforementioned historical period is given (2). The corpus, which consists of 45 words, is subsequently presented alongside its semantic classification (3), of which a chronological (text-based) reading is given. In the next section (4), particular attention is drawn to a sample of ten words, which have been chosen for their importance both from a historico-linguistic and etymological perspective. Special emphasis is placed on addressing the role of Old Saxon in the dawn of Christianity in Scandinavia and Iceland and on revising some of the etymologies proposed by the three major Icelandic etymological dictionaries (AeW, IeW and ÍOb). In the final section (5), it is stressed that a methodology which rests upon historical, alongside linguistic and philological, facts is needed if one wants to better understand the cultural and linguistic background of a particular portion of the lexicon: here, the oldest part of the borrowed Christian lexicon is analysed as a particularly interesting example.

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Muñoz Tabora, Jonathan, Maria Emília de Lima Tostes, Edson Ortiz de Matos, Thiago Mota Soares, and Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra. "Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes." Energies 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133333.

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Global energy systems are undergoing a transition process towards renewable energy and energy efficiency practices. Induction motors play an important role in this energy transformation process since they are widely used as industrial loads, representing more than 53% of global energy consumption. With more countries adopting minimum energy performance standards through more efficient induction motors, comparisons between these new technologies in the presence of electrical disturbances must be systematically evaluated before adopting a substitution policy in the industry. To this end, this work presents a comparative analysis of the impact of harmonic voltages on the performance and temperature rise of electric motors classes IE2, IE3 and IE4 in the same operational conditions in view of future substitutions. The results show that under ideal operating conditions the IE4 class permanent magnet motor has better performance in terms of consumption and temperature, however presenting non-linear characteristics. In the presence of voltage harmonics, this scenario changes completely according to the harmonic content. Finally, aiming to analyze the harmonics influence in the motor temperature rise a statistical analysis by means of Spearman correlation matrices is presented.

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Arend, Kyle C., Benjamin Ziehr, Heather A. Vincent, and Nathaniel J. Moorman. "Multiple Transcripts Encode Full-Length Human Cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 Proteins during Lytic Infection." Journal of Virology 90, no. 19 (July 27, 2016): 8855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00741-16.

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ABSTRACTExpression of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE1 and IE2 proteins is critical for the establishment of lytic infection and reactivation from viral latency. Defining the mechanisms controlling IE1 and IE2 expression is therefore important for understanding how HCMV regulates its replicative cycle. Here we identify several novel transcripts encoding full-length IE1 and IE2 proteins during HCMV lytic replication. Two of the alternative major immediate early (MIE) transcripts initiate in the first intron, intron A, of the previously defined MIE transcript, while others extend the 5′ untranslated region. Each of the MIE transcripts associates with polyribosomes in infected cells and therefore contributes to IE1 and IE2 protein levels. Surprisingly, deletion of the core promoter region of the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) from a plasmid containing the MIE genomic locus did not completely abrogate IE1 and IE2 expression. Instead, deletion of the MIEP core promoter resulted in increased expression of alternative MIE transcripts, suggesting that the MIEP suppresses the activity of the alternative MIE promoters. While the canonical MIE mRNA was the most abundant transcript at immediate early times, the novel MIE transcripts accumulated to levels equivalent to that of the known MIE transcript later in infection. Using two HCMV recombinants, we found that sequences in intron A of the previously defined MIE transcript are required for efficient IE1 and IE2 expression and viral replication. Together, our results identify new regulatory sequences controlling IE1 and IE2 expression and suggest that multiple transcription units act in concert to regulate IE1 and IE2 expression during lytic infection.IMPORTANCEThe HCMV IE1 and IE2 proteins are critical regulators of HCMV replication, both during primary infection and reactivation from viral latency. This study expands our understanding of the sequences controlling IE1 and IE2 expression by defining novel transcriptional units controlling the expression of full-length IE1 and IE2 proteins. Our results suggest that alternative promoters may allow for IE1 and IE2 expression when MIEP activity is limiting, as occurs in latently infected cells.

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Sylvén, Liss Kerstin. "CLIL and non-CLIL students’ beliefs about language." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2015.5.2.4.

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This article presents the findings of an innovative qualitative study involving one CLIL (content and language integrated learning) student and one student in a parallel, non-CLIL strand at high school level in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in students’ beliefs about language. The success of second (L2) and foreign language (FL) learning depends to a large degree on individual differences (Dörnyei, 2005; Skehan, 1991). Differences are normally elicited through questionnaires, interviews, and/or observations. In the present study, the aim was to get direct access to the informants’ own perspectives, without the content being too directed through predetermined questions. In this study, students were asked to take photos illustrating how they view (a) their L1 (Swedish), and (b) the FL/L2 English. Then the photos were thematically organized by the researcher. Subsequently, the thematic organization and the photos themselves were discussed with each of the informants during an inter iew. The informants were asked to elaborate on each theme and/or picture as to why and how it illustrates the respective language for them. The findings reveal substantial differences between the two informants in their views on their L1 and FL/L2, with the CLIL student highlighting communication rather than seeing the two languages as separate systems, and the non-CLIL student seeing language rather the other way around.

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Hoffman, Rosemary A. "Intraepithelial lymphocytes coinduce nitric oxide synthase in intestinal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 278, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): G886—G894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.6.g886.

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The study of mucosal immunity has revealed that complex reciprocal interactions occur between intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). The present study focuses on the induction of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase in cocultures of freshly isolated rat IEL and the rat epithelial cell line IEC-18 after the addition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, or lipopolysaccharide. When IEL and IEC were separated using Transwell chambers, NO synthesis was not induced, indicating that cell-cell contact was required. Culture of IEC-18 with IEL, even in the absence of inflammatory stimuli such as IL-1β, resulted in upregulation of class I and II antigens on IEC-18, due to the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that is constitutively produced by IEL. Addition of anti-IFN-γ antibody to the NO-producing cocultures resulted in inhibition of NO synthesis as well as the upregulation of class I and II antigen expression. These data indicate that IFN-γ production by IEL conditions IEC for the expression of other components of the inflammatory process.

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Hwang, Eung-Soo, Zhigang Zhang, Haobin Cai, David Y. Huang, Shu-Mei Huong, Chang-Yong Cha, and Eng-Shang Huang. "Human Cytomegalovirus IE1-72 Protein Interacts with p53 and Inhibits p53-Dependent Transactivation by a Mechanism Different from That of IE2-86 Protein." Journal of Virology 83, no. 23 (September 23, 2009): 12388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00304-09.

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ABSTRACT Infection of host cells with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces cell cycle dysregulation. Two HCMV immediate-early (IE) proteins, IE1-72 and IE2-86, are promiscuous transactivators that have been implicated in the dysregulatory events. Cellular p53 protein is accumulated to high levels in HCMV-infected cells, but the indicative marker of p53 transcriptional activity, p21, is markedly decreased. Both IE1-72 and IE2-86 were able to transactivate the p53 promoter and interact with p53 protein in DNA-transfected or HCMV-infected cells. HCMV UL84, a multiregulatory protein expressed in early periods of HCMV infection, also interacted with p53. HCMV IE1-72 prevented or disrupted p53 binding to p53-specific DNA sequences, while IE2-86 and/or UL84 enhanced p53 binding and induced supershift of this DNA-protein complex. Both HCMV IE1-72 and IE2-86 were able to inhibit p53-dependent transcriptional activation in plasmid-transfected cells. IE1-72, rather than IE2-86, was found to be responsible for p21 downregulation in HCMV-infected HEL cells. DNA transfection analysis using IE1-72 mutants revealed that exon 2/3 and the zinc finger region of IE1-72 are essential for IE1-72's effect on the repression of p53-dependent transcriptional activation. These data suggest that HCMV IE1-72 and/or IE2-86 transactivates the p53 promoter and induces p53 accumulation, but HCMV IE1-72 represses the p53 transactivation activity by a unique binding hindrance mechanism different from that of IE2-86. Thus, various modes of viral IE proteins and p53 interactions might result in multiple outcomes, such as stimulation of cellular DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression and cell cycle arrest, and prevention of program cell death.

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Kazakbaev, Vadim, Vladimir Prakht, Vladimir Dmitrievskii, and Dmitry Golovanov. "Feasibility Study of Pump Units with Various Direct-On-Line Electric Motors Considering Cable and Transformer Losses." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 8120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228120.

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The high energy intensity of the modern industry determines the high urgency of increasing the energy efficiency of production processes. However, a big number of motor types of enhanced efficiency classes are available on the market. The motor users can be confused about the choice of the right motor solution for a certain application. In this paper, to help with this choice the energy efficiency indicators of various types of electric motors in a low-power pump unit with a constant rotation speed are studied. Moreover, not only power losses in the motor are considered, but also power losses in the cable and transformer, which are influenced by the power factor of the motor. Induction motors (IMs) and synchronous motors powered directly from the grid (direct-on-line synchronous motor with permanent magnet in the rotor, DOL PMSM; direct-on-line synchronous reluctance motor without permanent magnet, DOL SynRM) of IE2, IE3, and IE4 energy efficiency classes are compared. To carry out the analysis, polynomial interpolation of the available catalogue data and experimental data of the motors are used. The main criteria for comparing different motors in this work are the energy savings over the pump’s life cycle and the payback period when replacing an IE2 motor with a motor of a higher energy efficiency class. The article shows that although the DOL PMSM has a lower motor efficiency than the DOL SynRM, it saves more energy due to its higher power factor, which reduces cable and transformer losses. It is also shown that, despite the highest initial cost, when taking into account cable and transformer losses, the payback period of DOL PMSM can be shorter than that of IE3 and IE4 induction motors. DOL SynRM has the shortest payback period in all considered cases, has no troublesome rare-earth permanent magnets, and can also be a valuable solution.

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Schultz, Kimberly L. W., Justin A. Wetter, Diccon C. Fiore, and Paul D. Friesen. "Transactivator IE1 Is Required for Baculovirus Early Replication Events That Trigger Apoptosis in Permissive and Nonpermissive Cells." Journal of Virology 83, no. 1 (October 22, 2008): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01827-08.

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ABSTRACT Immediate early viral protein IE1 is a potent transcriptional activator encoded by baculoviruses. Although the requirement of IE1 for multiplication of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is well established, the functional roles of IE1 during infection are unclear. Here, we used RNA interference to ablate IE1, plus its splice variant IE0, and thereby define in vivo activities of these early proteins, including gene-specific regulation and induction of host cell apoptosis. Confirming an essential replicative role, simultaneous ablation of IE1 and IE0 by gene-specific double-stranded RNAs inhibited AcMNPV late gene expression, reduced yields of budded virus by more than 1,000-fold, and blocked production of occluded virus particles. Depletion of IE1 and IE0 had no effect on early expression of the envelope fusion protein gene gp64 but abolished early expression of the caspase inhibitor gene p35, which is required for prevention of virus-induced apoptosis. Thus, IE1 is a positive, gene-specific transactivator. Whereas an AcMNPV p35 deletion mutant caused widespread apoptosis in permissive Spodoptera frugiperda cells, ablation of IE1 and IE0 prevented this apoptosis. Silencing of ie-1 also prevented AcMNPV-induced apoptosis in nonpermissive Drosophila melanogaster cells. Thus, de novo synthesis of IE1 is required for virus-induced apoptosis. We concluded that IE1 causes apoptosis directly or contributes indirectly by promoting virus replication events that subsequently trigger cell death. This study reveals that IE1 is a gene-selective transcriptional activator which is required not only for expedition of virus multiplication but also for blocking of its own proapoptotic activity by upregulation of baculovirus apoptotic suppressors.

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Hwang, Humor, Jung-Hoon Kim, Bong-Hee Moon, and Su-Goog Shon. "IEV Korean Terms Registered in IEC Electropedia." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 68, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2019.68.8.943.

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Lu, Yongxu, and Roger D. Everett. "Analysis of the Functional Interchange between the IE1 and pp71 Proteins of Human Cytomegalovirus and ICP0 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1." Journal of Virology 89, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 3062–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03480-14.

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ABSTRACTHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early protein IE1 and the tegument protein pp71 are required for efficient infection. These proteins have some functional similarities with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) immediate early protein ICP0, which stimulates lytic HSV-1 infection and derepresses quiescent HSV-1 genomes. All three proteins counteract antiviral restriction mediated by one or more components of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and IE1 and pp71, acting together, almost completely complement ICP0 null mutant HSV-1. Here, we investigated whether ICP0 might substitute for IE1 or pp71 during HCMV infection. Using human fibroblasts that express ICP0, IE1, or pp71 in an inducible manner, we found that ICP0 stimulated replication of both wild-type (wt) and pp71 mutant HCMV while IE1 increased wt HCMV plaque formation and completely complemented the IE1 mutant. Although ICP0 stimulated IE2 expression from IE1 mutant HCMV and increased the number of IE2-positive cells, it could not compensate for IE1 in full lytic replication. These results are consistent with previous evidence that both IE1 and IE2 are required for efficient HCMV gene expression, but they also imply that IE2 functionality is influenced specifically by IE1, either directly or indirectly, and that IE1 may include sequences that have HCMV-specific functions. We discovered a mutant form of IE1 (YL2) that fails to stimulate HCMV infection while retaining 30 to 80% of the activity of the wt protein in complementing ICP0 null mutant HSV-1. It is intriguing that the YL2 mutation is situated in the region of IE1 that is shared with IE2 and which is highly conserved among primate cytomegaloviruses.IMPORTANCEHerpesvirus gene expression can be repressed by cellular restriction factors, one group of which is associated with structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). Regulatory proteins of several herpesviruses interfere with PML NB-mediated repression, and in some cases their activities are transferrable between different viruses. For example, the requirement for ICP0 during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection can be largely replaced by ICP0-related proteins expressed by other alphaherpesviruses and even by a combination of the unrelated IE1 and pp71 proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we report that ICP0 stimulates gene expression and replication of wt HCMV but cannot replace the need for IE1 during infection by IE1-defective HCMV mutants. Therefore, IE1 includes HCMV-specific functions that cannot be replaced by ICP0.

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Ivanov, Oleksandr, Pavlo Prysyazhnyuk, Dmytro Lutsak, Oleh Matviienkiv, and Vicktor Aulin. "Improvement of Abrasion Resistance of Production Equipment Wear Parts by Hardfacing with Flux-Cored Wires Containing Boron Carbide/Metal Powder Reaction Mixtures." Management Systems in Production Engineering 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2020-0026.

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AbstractIn this work was established that serial traditional hardfacing materials based on the Fe-Cr-C system are not effective for improvement of abrasion resistance of elements of equipment for production of bricks, solid fuel briquettes and for restoration of augers, due to the fact that this equipment works at significant specific and cyclic loads. Features of the coarse-grained structure of Fe-Cr-C based coatings leads to intensive abrasive wear. The aim of this study was to increase a durability of that equipment by using of flux cored electrodes with reaction components of Ti, Cr, Mo, B4C and their combinations to provide synthesis, which leads to fine-grained structure of refractory borides and carbides and their solid solutions with increased hardness. Structure of the hardfacing coatings were investigated by method of metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (BSD) mode and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Temperature dependences of equilibrium phase amount of the hardfacing materials were calculated by the CALPHAD technique, using JMatPro software. It was investigated that the offered materials are characterized by higher wear resistance at high specific and cyclic loads in comparison with serial production high-chromium hardfacing materials (Lastek, ESAB, Paton IEW). It was established that the abrasion wear resistance at high specific and cyclic loads depends mostly of formation of the structure of hardfacing material, and not the hardness. Also, using of powders of pure metals and their combination as reaction mixture for FCAW leads to fine structure which contains of refractory borides and carbides and their solid solutions.

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49

Hou, Wangheng, Lilith Torres, Ruth Cruz-Cosme, Fernando Arroyo, Luis Irizarry, Dalia Luciano, Arturo Márquez, et al. "Two Polypyrimidine Tracts in Intron 4 of the Major Immediate Early Gene Are Critical for Gene Expression Switching from IE1 to IE2 and for Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus." Journal of Virology 90, no. 16 (June 1, 2016): 7339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00837-16.

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ABSTRACTThe human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate early (MIE) gene is essential for viral replication. The most abundant products encoded by the MIE gene include IE1 and IE2. Genes of IE1 and IE2 share the MIE promoter (MIEP), the first 3 exons, and the first 2 introns. IE1 is expressed earlier than IE2 after CMV infection or MIE gene transfection. In this study, we identified 2 polypyrimidine (Py) tracts in intron 4 (between exons 4 and 5) that are responsible for transcriptional switching from IE1 to IE2. The first Py is important and the second one is essential for the splicing and expression of IE2. In searching for the mechanisms of MIE gene switching from IE1 to IE2, we found that the second Py was required for the IE2's fourth intron to bind to a splicing factor such as U2AF65, as determined by an RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, while the first Py enhanced the binding of U2AF65 with the intron. An HCMV BACmid with the second Py mutated failed to produce any virus, while the HCMV with the first Py mutated replicated with a defective phenotype. Furthermore, we designed a small RNA (scRNAPy) that is complementary to the intron RNA covering the two Pys. The scRNAPy interfered with the interaction of U2AF65 with the intron and repressed the IE2 expression. Therefore, our studies implied that IE2 gene splicing might be an anti-CMV target.IMPORTANCECMV is a ubiquitous herpesvirus and a significant cause of disease and death in the immunocompromised and elderly. Insights into its gene regulation will provide clues in designing anti-CMV strategies. The MIE gene is one of the earliest genes of CMV and is essential for CMV replication. It is known that the MIE gene needs to be spliced to produce more than two proteins; however, how MIE gene splicing is regulated remains elusive. In the present studies, we identified two Pys in intron 4 and found that the first Py is important and the second is required for the splicing and expression of IE2. We further investigated the mechanisms of gene switching from IE1 to IE2 and found that the two Pys are responsible for U2AF65's binding with intron 4. Therefore, the Pys in intron 4 are theciselements that determine the fate of IE2 splicing. Furthermore, we found that a small RNA that is complementary to intron 4 repressed IE2 expression. Hence, we provide the first piece of evidence for a unique mechanism of MIE gene regulation at the splicing level.

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Goman, Victor, Vladimir Prakht, Vadim Kazakbaev, and Vladimir Dmitrievskii. "Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Variable-Speed Electric Drives with Induction and Synchronous Reluctance Motors in Pump Units." Mathematics 9, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212679.

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This study carried out a comparative analysis of indicators of electricity consumption and CO2 emissions for four-pole induction motors (IMs) of efficiency classes IE3 and IE4 with a rated power of 2.2–200 kW in a variable speed pump unit. In addition, innovative IE4 converter-fed synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs) were evaluated. The comparison was derived from the manufacturer’s specifications for the power drive systems (PDSs) at various rotational speeds and loads. The results showed that the emission indicators for IE3 class motors were significantly worse compared with IE4 class motors for low power ratings, which make up the vast majority of electric motors in service. This justifies expanding the mandatory power range for IE4 motors to at least 7.5–200 kW or even 0.75–200 kW, as it will dramatically contribute to the achievement of the new ambitious goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the operational advantages of IE4 SynRMs over IE4 IMs were demonstrated, such as their simpler design and manufacturing technology at a price comparable to that of IE3 IMs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'IEW'

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