Journal articles: 'IEEE 14 bus'

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Mohammad, Yousuf, and Abdul Ghani. "Determine Weakest Bus for IEEE 14 Bus Systems." International Journal of Computer Applications 182, no. 27 (November 15, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2018918087.

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Araga, Idris A., and A. E. Airoboman. "Enhancement of voltage stability in an interconnected network using unified power flow controller." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v4i1.141.

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In this paper, the optimal placement of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) in a large-scale transmission network in order to improve the loadability margin was considered. In other to achieve this aim, the Line Stability Factor (LQP) as a technique for the optimal location of UPFC in the IEEE 14-bus network and 56-bus Nigerian national grid was adopted. The power injection model for the UPFC was employed to secure improvements in the loading margin of the IEEE 14-bus network and 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. Continuation power flow was used to assess the effect of UPFC on the loadability margin. Steady-state simulations using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) on MATLAB was applied to determine the effectiveness of placing UPFC between bus 13 and bus 14 in the IEEE 14-bus network and between bus 44 (Ikot-Ekpene) and bus 56 (Odukpani) in the 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. The results showed that the loadability margin increased by 8.52 % after UPFC was optimally placed in the IEEE 14-bus network and increased by 195.5 % after UPFC was optimally placed in the 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. Thus, these enhance the voltage stability of both network and utilizing the network efficiently.

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Chakravorty, J., and J. Saraswat. "Deciding Optimal Location of DPFC in Transmission Line Using Artificial Algae Algorithm." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 3978–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2667.

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In this paper, the application of artificial algae algorithm (AAA) in optimal placement distributed power flow controller (DPFC) with MCFC in transmission networks has been proposed The proposed method is tested on IEEE 14- bus system and the results are discussed. The biggest advantage of DPFC is that it can control the active and reactive power flow and bus voltages, simultaneously. In this paper, the optimal placement of one DPFC in IEEE-14 bus system and then optimal placement of two DPFCs in IEEE-14 bus system has been proposed. Optimal placement of DPFC in power system by AAA leads to increased stability and capacity of the power transmission in lines. The proposed model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the performance results are tabulated.

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Ibrahim, Ahmad Asrul, Khairuddin Khalid, Hussain Shareef, and Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari. "A Bounded Exhaustive Search Technique for Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement in Power Grids." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122021.

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This paper proposes a technique to determine the possible optimal placement of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) in power grids for normal operating conditions. All possible combinations of PMU placement, including infeasible combinations, are typically considered in finding the optimal solution, which could be a massive search space. An integer search algorithm called the bounded search technique is introduced to reduce the search space in solving a minimum number of PMU allocations whilst maintaining full system observability. The proposed technique is based on connectivity and symmetry constraints that can be derived from the observability matrix. As the technique is coupled with the exhaustive technique, the technique is called the bounded exhaustive search (BES) technique. Several IEEE test systems, namely, IEEE 9-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus and IEEE 30-bus, are considered to showcase the performance of the proposed technique. An initial Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to evaluate the capability of the bounded search technique in providing a smaller feasible search space. The effectiveness of the BES technique in terms of computational time is compared with the existing exhaustive technique. Results demonstrate that the search space can be reduced tremendously, and the computational burden can be eased, when finding the optimal PMU placement in power grids.

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Paulraj Jayasimman, I., G. Jenitha, C. Gnanavel Chinnaraj, and J. Joseline Manora. "Graph Energy Value Of IEEE-14 Bus System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1850, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1850/1/012016.

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Hyacinth, Lourdusamy Ramya, and Venugopal Gomathi. "Optimal PMU Placement Technique to Maximize Measurement Redundancy Based on Closed Neighbourhood Search." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 4782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164782.

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This paper proposes a method for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for the complete observability of a power system based on the degree of the neighbourhood vertices. A three-stage algorithm is used to determine the minimum number of PMUs needed to make the system observable. The key objective of the proposed methodology is to minimize the total number of PMUs to completely observe a power system network and thereby minimize the installation cost. In addition, the proposed technique also focuses on improving the measurement redundancy. The proposed method is applied on standard IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus, IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems and a hybrid AC/DC microgrid test system. The results obtained are compared with already existing methods in terms of the Bus Observability Index (BOI) and System Observability Redundancy Index (SORI). The results show that the proposed method is simple to implement and provides better placement locations for effective monitoring compared to other existing methods.

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Wang, Zhong-Jie, Shu-Ying Yuan, Xuan Zhao, and Cheng-Chao Lu. "Differential evolution-based optimal placement of phase measurement unit considering measurement redundancy." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500166.

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Phase measurement unit (PMU) is the key equipment for electric power system, which has been used to monitor and control power grid. But it is too expensive to deploy on each bus. So, we need to investigate how to deploy PMU to satisfy our observation requirements with minimum PMU numbers. This problem is called the optimal PMU placement (OPP). In this paper, we employ differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve the OPP problem. Our optimization target is to make the power grid completely observable with maximum redundancy and minimum number of PMU. The proposed method is tested on IEEE 14-bus system, IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE 57-bus system respectively with considering the zero injection.

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Meddeb, Asma, Nesrine Amor, Mohamed Abbes, and Souad Chebbi. "A Novel Approach Based on Crow Search Algorithm for Solving Reactive Power Dispatch Problem." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123321.

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This paper presents a novel meta-heuristic approach based on the crow search algorithm (CSA) for solving the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The ORPD is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem designed to minimize power losses while satisfying the required constraints. The CSA is a recent efficient approach that depends on the intelligent behavior of crows. Nowadays, it has been used to solve many complex engineering optimization problems where it has proven its power and effectiveness. Motivated by the high ability in solving complex optimization problems and faster convergence of CSA, this paper proposes a novel approach to solve the ORPD problem. Furthermore, the settings of control variables such as generator terminal voltage, tap changer positions, and capacitor banks are determined to achieve the minimum total power loss while satisfying a set of nonlinear constraints. The accuracy and the performance of the proposed algorithm were performed and compared to other meta-heuristic algorithms reported in the literature. Several tests are applied on two standard test systems, including IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus as well as on the large-scale Tunisian 86-bus system. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to valid the performance of the CSA in solving the ORPD problem. We demonstrate that the proposed CSA provides a supremacy results and statistically significant in solving ORPD problems (for IEEE-14 bus p < 0.0006 , for IEEE-30 bus p < 0.006 , and for Tunisian 86-bus p < 0.0000001 ).

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Jethmalani, C. H. Ram, Poornima Dumpa, Sishaj P. Simon, and K. Sundareswaran. "Transmission Loss Calculation using A and B Loss Coefficients in Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2015-0181.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the performance of A-loss coefficients while evaluating transmission losses in a Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) Problem. The performance analysis is carried out by comparing the losses computed using nominal A loss coefficients and nominal B loss coefficients in reference with load flow solution obtained by standard Newton-Raphson (NR) method. Density based clustering method based on connected regions with sufficiently high density (DBSCAN) is employed in identifying the best regions of A and B loss coefficients. Based on the results obtained through cluster analysis, a novel approach in improving the accuracy of network loss calculation is proposed. Here, based on the change in per unit load values between the load intervals, loss coefficients are updated for calculating the transmission losses. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated on IEEE 6 bus system, IEEE 14 bus, system IEEE 30 bus system and IEEE 118 bus system. All simulations are carried out using SCILAB 5.4 (www.scilab.org) which is an open source software.

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Okorie, Patrick, Abdullahi Kunya, Yusuf Jibril, and Adam Abubakar. "Protection Coordination of Distribution Network with Optimally Placed Distribution Generation." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n3.171.

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In this study, optimal distribution network protection coordination scheme with directional over current relays is developed. In addition, impact of optimally placed Distribution Generation (DG) on the protection coordination scheme is subsequently evaluated using relay Coordination Time Interval (CTI). As such, the study is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, optimal relays settings (time dial settings and pickup current) are determined. While in the second stage, the maximum DG penetration level with changes in the protection coordination is evaluated. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, due to its faster convergence speed, is applied in both stages. The technique is implemented on the distribution section of the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems and simulated in MATLAB. The simulation results obtained are compared with that obtained using hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GS) – Nonlinear Programming (NP) approach using relays pickup current and operating times as performance metrics. For the IEEE 14 bus system, the developed PSO-based relay coordination has reduced the relays pickup current and operating times by roughly 28% and 32% respectively compared with the hybrid GA-NLP technique. The optimal locations of the DGs are found to be bus 5, 8 and 12 which result in CTI of 0.233sec. While in the IEEE 30 bus system, the developed relay coordination has reduced the relays pickup current and operating times by roughly 31% and 34% respectively compared with the hybrid GA-NLP technique. Similarly, the optimal locations and sizes of the DGs are found to be bus 19, 26 and 30, which result in CTI of 0.462sec.

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Mandava, Srihari, Vanishree J, and Ramesh V. "A Spanning Tree Approach in Placing Multi-channel and Minimum Channel PMU’s for Power System Observability." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i3.pp518-524.

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Synchronized phasor measurements have become the measurement technique of choice for electric power systems. They provide positive sequence voltage and current measurements synchronized to within a microsecond. The objective is to use the spanning tree approach and tree search technique for optimal placement of multichannel and minimum channel synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) in order to have full observability of Power System. The novel concept of depth of observability is used and its impact on the number of PMU placements is explained. The spanning tree approach is used for the power system graphs and a tree search technique is used for finding the optimal location of PMUs. This is tested on IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus system. The same technique is modified to optimally place minimum channel PMUs on the same IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus systems. Matlab tool has been used for fulfilling the objective.

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Dhana Sai Sri, M., and P. Srinivasa Varma. "Evaluation and Analysis of Available Transfer Capability in Deregulated Power System Environment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.16399.

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Reliability of network is need of the hour in the present power system market and is constrained by capability of the network. The network calculations are performed using accurate and high efficient strategies. In order to perform power transactions in the system, the computation of available transfer capability is essential which a metric of capability of the system. Generally, effect wattless power is not taken into account in the methodologies for computation of linear available transfer capability. In this paper, a methodology which considers the reactive power flows for enhancement of linear ATC is presented. In order to perform analysis theoretically, a standard IEEE 3 bus system is considered. Another case study i.e., 14 bus system available in IEEE test systems is used for simulation analysis. FACTS technology is incorporated in the existing system in order to enhance capability of the network. To facilitate transfer maximum power in the system, an optimal power-flow-based ATC enhancement model is formulated and presented along with simulation results. Studies based on the IEEE 3-bus system and 14-bus systems with TCSC demonstrate the effectiveness of FACTS control on ATC enhancement.

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Chakravorty, J., and J. Saraswat. "Improving Power Flow Capacity of Transmission Lines Using DPFC with a PEM Fuel Cell." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 4883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3155.

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The electrical power system is one complex architecture integrating generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization sections. The exponential increase in power requirements made this system more complex and dynamic. Providing good quality and uninterrupted power has become a challenge. In this respect, FACTS devices are playing a vital role in improving power quality and also in increasing the transmission capacity of lines. In this paper. Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC), with a PEM fuel cell, has been used in an IEEE-14 bus system to improve system power flow capacity. The proposed IEEE-14 bus with DPFC has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The effects are exhibited and analyzed.

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Balaraman, Sujatha, and N. Kamaraj. "Congestion Management Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Technique." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsir.2010070104.

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This paper proposes the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) method for solving congestion management problems in a pool based electricity market. Congestion may occur due to lack of coordination between generation and transmission utilities or as a result of unexpected contingencies. In the proposed method, the control strategies to limit line loading to the security limits are by means of minimum adjustments in generations from the initial market clearing values. Embedding Evolutionary Programming (EP) technique in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm improves the global searching capability of PSO and also prevents the premature convergence in local minima. A number of functional operating constraints, such as branch flow limits and load bus voltage magnitude limits are included as penalties in the fitness function. Numerical results on three test systems namely modified IEEE 14 Bus, IEEE 30 Bus and IEEE 118 Bus systems are presented and the results are compared with PSO and EP approaches in order to demonstrate its performance.

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Thotakura, Bharath kumar, Hema Bhargavi Borra, and Chinmai Alla. "A novel petri nets algorithm using conditional probability for the evaluation of composite power system reliability." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10909.

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Reliability of an electrical power system plays a vital role in providing continuous power supply to consumers with greater quality. The power demand is increasing day by day due to the increased population, modern society and are seeking highly reliable power. The assessment of reliability is very difficult due to the presence of large number of components and complex power system network con-figurations. This paper address a novel useful step by step algorithm for the assessment of average power availability at load buses us-ing the concept of modified Petri nets with conditional probability. The proposed algorithm is very efficient and can applicable to any number of the bus system. The proposed algorithm is tested with Roy Billiton practical example, IEEE 6 bus, IEEE 14 bus and IEEE RTS-96 bus system. The obtained results are validated by Monte Carlo simulation method, Classical Node elimination method and mod-ified minimal cut set method.

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Liu, Bin, Feng Liu, Bingxu Zhai, and Haibo Lan. "Investigating continuous power flow solutions of IEEE 14‐bus system." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 14, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.22773.

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Babu, Rohit, and Biplab Bhattacharyya. "Optimal placement of PMU for complete observability of the interconnected power network considering zero-injection bus: A numerical approach." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v9.i2.pp135-146.

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<div data-canvas-width="397.3623059866966">This paper presents an approach to place the phasor measurement unit (PMU)</div><div data-canvas-width="397.3623059866962">optimally, which minimizes the setup cost of PMU. This methodology attains complete state estimation of the interconnected power networks. An integer linear programming (ILP) method is explored for the optimal PMU placement problem. It is used to determine the optimal location and minimum number of PMUs necessary to make the interconnected power network completely observable. ILP may provide many solutions if acquainting buses to zero injection buses are unhandled. In the case of more than one solution, a bus observability redundancy index and total system observability redundancy index is proposed to find the most promising solutions set for redundancy measurement. The proposed algorithm is applied to benchmark the optimal PMU placement solutions for the IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, New England 39-bus, IEEE 118-bus, and NRPG 246-bus test systems. The obtained results of the proposed approach are compared with the existing standard algorithm, and it is observed that the proposed approach achieves complete observability of the interconnected power network under base-load conditions.</div>

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R. Sukhesh, H., Senthil Vadivu U., Prabhakar Karthikey, and . "Optimal Placement of Fuzzy based UPQC Topologies with Distributed Generation for Power Quality Enhancement in IEEE 14 Bus System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.20817.

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An Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), is a combination of shunt and series Active Power Filter (APF), has become a standard accepted solution in the area of current and voltage harmonics mitigation of a power system network. This paper furnishes a comparative analysis of the power quality enhancement and optimization in positioning for three different VSI based UPQC system configurations namely: 3P3W UPQC topology, 3P4W UPQC based on 2C shunt inverter topology and 3P4W UPQC based on 4L shunt inverter topology, all supported with the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), placed at different locations in a standard IEEE 14 bus system. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK provides the optimal position of UPQC for mitigating the harmonic issues in the standard IEEE 14 bus system.

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Deepa, SN, and J. Rizwana. "Minimization of losses and FACTS installation cost using proposed differential gravitational search algorithm optimization technique." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315576612.

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The optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers in a multi-machine power system using proposed differential gravitational search algorithm (DGSA) optimization method is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to employ DGSA optimization technique to solve optimal power flow problem in the presence of Unified Power Flow controller for improving voltage profile by reducing losses along with the installation cost thereby enhancing the power system stability. A differential operator is incorporated into the gravitational search algorithm for effective search of the better solution. Due to this, the convergence and accuracy will be faster. The IEEE-6 bus, IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-30 bus systems are tested along with three other optimization techniques to validate the effectiveness of this proposed method. This proposed algorithm presents an optimal location of FACTS devices in transmission lines.

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Ghosh, Pronob K., Soumesh Chatterjee, and Anik Tahabilder. "Graph-Theory Based Optimal PMU Allocation Considering ZIB Effects." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190407.

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Continuous monitoring is the prerequisite for secure operation and efficient control of power system. This paper presents a new and straightforward approach to monitor the system efficiently. Optimal PMU placement (OPP) deals with the complete system observability with a minimum number of PMU. The Modified Graph theoretic configuration has been presented here to select some strategic locations for PMU installation. Initially, a new technique has been used here to form spanning tree from its system graph. Some standard bus systems i.e. IEEE 7-bus, IEEE 14-bus, and 30-bus have been used to test the effectiveness of the applied approach. The proposed approach has been carried out for normal operating conditions (NOC) as well as considering Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) effects. The simulation result of this efficient and state forward approach has been compared with some other established approaches.

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Isaac, Samuel, Soyemi Adebola, Awelewa Ayokunle, Katende James, and Awosope Claudius. "Voltage collapse prediction using artificial neural network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp124-132.

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Unalleviated voltage instability frequently results in voltage collapse; which is a cause of concern in power system networks across the globe but particularly in developing countries. This study proposed an online voltage collapse prediction model through the application of a machine learning technique and a voltage stability index called the new line stability index (NLSI_1). The approach proposed is based on a multilayer feed-forward neural network whose inputs are the variables of the NLSI_1. The efficacy of the method was validated using the testing on the IEEE 14-bus system and the Nigeria 330-kV, 28-bus National Grid (NNG). The results of the simulations indicate that the proposed approach accurately predicted the voltage stability index with an R-value of 0.9975 with a mean square error (MSE) of 2.182415x10<sup>−5</sup> for the IEEE 14-bus system and an R-value of 0.9989 with an MSE of 1.2527x10<sup>−7</sup> for the NNG 28 bus system. The results presented in this paper agree with those found in the literature.

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Wadood, Khurshaid, Farkoush, Yu, Kim, and Rhee. "Nature-Inspired Whale Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Power Systems." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 16, 2019): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122297.

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In power systems protection, the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is of paramount importance. The coordination of DOCRs in a multi-loop power system is formulated as an optimization problem. The main objective of this paper is to develop the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for the optimal coordination of DOCRs and minimize the sum of the operating times of all primary relays. The WOA is inspired by the bubble-net hunting strategy of humpback whales which leads toward global minima. The proposed algorithm has been applied to six IEEE test systems including the IEEE three-bus, eight-bus, nine-bus, 14-bus, 15-bus, and 30-bus test systems. Furthermore, the results obtained using the proposed WOA are compared with those obtained by other up-to-date algorithms. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed WOA to minimize the relay operating time for the optimal coordination of DOCRs.

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Pandey, Vipin Kumar, and Dr Malaya Saurava Dash. "MODELING OF 14 BUS SYSTEM WITH UPFC FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY ENHANCEMENT." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i4.219.

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The revolution of Power Electronics Technology has given opportunities for developing the FACTS devices for stable operation of power system. In the last two decades number of Power Electronic based devices are implemented and known as FACTS (Flexible AC transmission System).These devices are effectively used for voltage control, power flow control, harmonic elimination, damping oscillation and improving transient stability and minimization of losses. Static and Transient stability enhancement of IEEE 14 bus system is done with the help of UPFC. Fault is created at a bus and the results show that by properly placing UPFC, settling time of the system can be reduced considerably making the system stable with fewer oscillations.

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Apribowo, Chico Hermanu Brillianto, Muhammad Fakhri Erriyanto, Sutrisno Sutrisno, and Agus Ramelan. "Unit Commitment-Security Constraints Using the Priority List-Genetic Algorithm Method in the IEEE 6 Bus and IEEE 14 BUS Case Studies." Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Information, and Communication Technology 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jeeict.3.1.50431.

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<p><strong>Unit commitment (UC) is the scheduling of on-off operation of a power plant unit to meet the demand for electrical power over a certain period of time in order to obtain an economical total cost of generation The PL method is used for scheduling and the AG is optimized using DOE for ED problems. The results obtained from the research that there are still improvements in the calculation of ED problems using load flow constraints and can be corrected. The results of the comparison of the total percentage cost of IEEE 6 buses used in ED problems without considering the load flow constraints with those considering this problem amounted to 26.30%. The result of the comparison of the total percentage cost of IEEE 14 buses used in ED problems without considering load flow constraints with those considering this problem is 11.55%. The load flow calculation using Newton-Rapshon uses a smaller number of iterations and a shorter time than Gauss-Seidel.</strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

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Hazarika, Sanjib. "Optimized Power Flow Analysis of IEEE 14 Bus System Using Matlab." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i6.12001203.

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Pundlik, Yogesh. "Voltage Stability Study of IEEE 14 Bus System Using MATLAB simulation." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 7, no. 7 (May 1, 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2010.32964.

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Sukhesh, H. R., and Senthil Vadivu U. "Cascade PI-Fuzzy Based Position Optimization of Nonal Switched UPQC with DG for Power Quality Enhancement in IEEE 14 Bus System." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 20 (April 8, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2021.20.5.

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An Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), owning the composition of shunt and series Active Power Filter (APF), has become a standard accepted solution in the area of current and voltage harmonics mitigation of a power system network. This paper furnishes a novel approach of nonal switched UPQC topology, supported with Distributed Generation (DG), aiming at the power quality enhancement and position optimization, placed at different locations in a standard IEEE 14 bus system. In addition to this, behaviour of the proposed topology is analysed using novel Cascade Proportional Integral (PI) - Fuzzy and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) as control algorithms and the outcomes are compared with the historical twelve switch UPQC topology. Simulation results of the proposal modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK reveals the superiority of nonal switched UPQC and the optimal position of the proposed conditioner, for mitigating the harmonic issues in the standard IEEE 14 bus system.

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Alhamrouni, Ibrahim, Rasyid Ismail, Mohamed Salem, Bazilah Ismail, Awang Jusoh, and Tole Sutikno. "Integration of STATCOM and ESS for power system stability improvement." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp859-869.

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The power system enters a state of voltage instability due to the inability of the power system to meet the demand for active power and reactive power due to the increase of system load. In order to stabilize the power system, the installation of STATCOM and ESS needs to be performed. The main objective of this study is to identify the suitable size and location of STATCOM and ESS for power system stability improvement. First, the IEEE 14 bus system was simulated using DIgSILENT software in ideal condition. Then, the system loadability was increased up to 200% of initial value to locate the weakest bus. This study includes the applicable location and sizing of STATCOM and ESS towards improving power system stability. The results showed that the application of STATCOM and ESS with the most reliable size can increase the bus voltage (p.u and kV) of IEEE 14 bus system thus improving the power system stability. For recommendation, the power system stability can be improved by installing multiple STATCOM and ESS at other load buses and applying a controller to both STATCOM and ESS to improve the effectiveness of generating and absorbency of active and reactive power in the power system.

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Zhao, Jin Quan, Chen Lu Zhang, Wei Hua Luo, and Jun Zhao. "A Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow Calculation Method with Latin Hypercube Sampling." Advanced Materials Research 918 (April 2014): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.918.183.

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Among the solving methods of probabilistic optimal power flow (P-OPF), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) combined with random sampling (RS) is widely used due to its high accuracy. In order to further improve that, this paper proposes a way of using Monte Carlo Simulation with Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to calculate the consumption of generating cost under many random variables. Numerical results of IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems show that the Latin hypercube sampling method provides more accurate performance in dealing with POPF under the condition of a smaller sample size, comparing with random sampling method. Thus the Latin hypercube sampling method can replace the MCS with random sampling as the benchmark method of other algorithms.

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Che Mat Haris, Harizan, Ismail Musirin, and Mohamad Fadhil Mohd Kamal. "Maximum Loadability Identification Using Self-Tuning Algorithm Considering Voltage Limit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.393.

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Due to the complexity of power system nowadays, voltage limit has become a concerned issue. This phenomenon attracted numerous studies in finding the ultimate solution. This paper presents the development of self-tuning technique for identifying maximum loadability for selected buses in a power system network. The algorithm is able to perform fast process in consideration of the voltage limit between 0.9 p.u. to 1.05 p.u. as the acceptable voltage limit in power system community. The proposed concept is conducted for single and multi-load increment; executed on IEEE 14-Bus RTS and IEEE 26-Bus RTS. The proposed technique is feasible for larger transmission system implementation, which in turn avoid computation burden to power system operators.

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Giri, Jayprakash, Sh Rajiv Chauhan, and Smt Nidhi Mishra. "Performance Study on IEEE Bus System for Contingency Problem and Mitigation." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.382.

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The increasing dependence of most businesses on electricity requires regular improvements in distribution systems. The main objective of this study is to provide load balancing in the distribution network by reducing the loss of system performance without violating the voltage and current limits of the power supplies. And the selection of the power system contingency by calculating the transmission line failure performance indices using the load flow analysis on the IEEE 14 bus system. To determine and tabulate the voltage on each bus, the actual current flow on each line and power system leak for specified bus or terminal conditions. Use of DC studies where stress conditions also vary. In this paper, the selection and classification of potential liabilities, important for the analysis of potential liabilities, was carried out by evaluating two important performance indices, namely the active and reactive power index (PIp & PIv). The global performance index (OPI) is calculated. It is the sum of two severity indices, namely the real power index and the voltage power index using the direct current flow method. The work was carried out on the bus system 14 and the line between the buses (9-10) was extremely sensitive to the emergency problem of the described system.

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Anuar, Aminudin, M. A. A. Wahab, S. N. M. Arshad, M. I. F. Romli, A. H. A. Bakar, and M. A. A. Bakar. "Transient stability for IEEE 14 bus power system using power world simulator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1432 (January 2020): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012009.

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Asodariya, Bharat, and Riaz Israni. "Inspection of a SPV-coupled IEEE 14 bus system during fault condition." International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology 11, no. 4 (2020): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijret.2020.10036337.

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Israni, Riaz, and Bharat Asodariya. "Inspection of a SPV-coupled IEEE 14 bus system during fault condition." International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology 11, no. 4 (2020): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijret.2020.113773.

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Singh, Satyendra Pratap, and S. P. Singh. "On-line Assessment of Voltage Stability using Synchrophasor Technology." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp1-8.

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Series of blackouts encountered in recent years in power system have been occurred because either of voltage or angle instability or both together was not detected within time and progressive voltage or angle instability further degraded the system condition, because of increase in loading. This paper presents the real-time assessment methodology of voltage stability using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) with observability of load buses only in power network. PMUs are placed at strategically obtained location such that minimum number of PMU’s can make all load buses observable. Data obtained by PMU’s are used for voltage stability assessment with the help of successive change in the angle of bus voltage with respect to incremental load, which is used as on-line voltage stability predictor (VSP). The real-time voltage phasors obtained by PMU’s are used as real time voltage stability indicator. The case study has been carried out on IEEE-14 bus system and IEEE-30 bus systems to demonstrate the results.

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Karuppiah, N., S. Muthubalaji, S. Ravivarman, Md Asif, and Abhishek Mandal. "Enhancing the performance of Transmission Lines by FACTS Devices using GSA and BFOA Algorithms." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.6 (September 25, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.6.20463.

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Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices have numerous applications in electrical transmission lines like improvement of voltage stability, reactive power compensation, congestion management, Available Transfer Capacity enhancement, real power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and much more. The effectiveness of these FACTS devices is enhanced by the placement of these devices in the transmission lines. The placement is based on transmission line sensitivity factors such as Bus voltage stability index and line voltage stability index. This research article focuses on optimizing the location, number and ratings of FACTS devices using Evolutionary Algorithms like Bacterial Foraging Algorithm and Gravitational search algorithm. FACTS devices such as Static Var Compensator, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Unified Power Flow Controller are placed on IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus systems for reducing the real power loss in the transmission system. The results show that the performance of the transmission lines is enhanced more using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm than Gravitational Search Algorithm.

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Bedasso*, Million Alemayehu, and R. Srinu Naik. "Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller by TOPSIS Method for Loss Minimization." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a5702.0510121.

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In order to eliminate active and reactive power losses in the power system, this paper proposes TOPSIS and DE algorithm for determining the best location and parameter settings for the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). To mitigate power losses, the best UPFC allocation can be achieved by re-dispatching load flows in power systems. The cost of incorporating UPFC into the power system. As a consequence, the proposed objective feature in this paper was created to address this problem. The IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems were used as case studies in the MATLAB simulations. When compared to particle swarm optimization, the results show that DE is a simple to use, reliable, and efficient optimization technique than (PSO). The network's active and reactive power losses can be significantly reduced by putting UPFC in the optimum position determined by TOPSIS ranking method.

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Mukherjee, Suvabrata, and Provas Kumar Roy. "State Estimation of Power Using the Whale Optimization Algorithm." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2020100109.

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In power systems, the process of attaining a better prediction from a set of variables from state variables is called state estimation (SE). These variables consist of magnitudes of bus voltage and the corresponding angles of all the buses. Because of the non-linearity and intricacy of ever-developing power systems, it has become important to apply upgraded techniques for the dissolution and supervision in practical environments. The discussed analysis evaluates the appositeness of a new metaheuristic technique called the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) which is a population-based algorithm, to reduce the measurement errors so as to gauge the optimal point of the power system when some susceptible values are inadequate. WOA displays admirable attainment in global optimization. It employs a bubble-net hunting approach and it mimics the social behaviour of humpback whales to get the best candidate solution. The approach is tested on IEEE-14, IEEE-30, and IEEE-57 bus test systems and the potency is validated by comparison with the biogeography based optimization algorithm (BBO).

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Raj, Saurav, Sheila Mahapatra, Chandan Kumar Shiva, and Biplab Bhattacharyya. "Implementation and Optimal Sizing of TCSC for the Solution of Reactive Power Planning Problem Using Quasi-Oppositional Salp Swarm Algorithm." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 2021): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2021040104.

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In this article, innovative algorithms named as salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and hybrid quasi-oppositional SSA (QOSSA) techniques have been proposed for finding the optimal coordination for the solution of reactive power planning (RPP). Quasi-oppositional based learning is a promising technique for improving convergence and is implemented with SSA as a new hybrid method for RPP. The proposed techniques are successfully implemented on standard test systems for deprecation of real power losses and overall cost of operation along with retention of bus voltages under acceptable limits. Optimal planning has been achieved by minimizing reactive power generation and transformer tap settings with optimal placement and sizing of TCSC. Identification of weakest branch in the power network is done for optimal TCSC placement and is tendered through line stability index method. Optimal TCSC placement renders a reduction in transmission loss by 8.56% using SSA and 8.82% by QOSSA in IEEE 14 bus system and 7.57% using SSA and 9.64% by QOSSA in IEEE 57 bus system with respect to base condition.

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Narayana, P. Lakshmi, M. Venkatesan, and S. Ravindra. "Fast Load Voltage Stability Index constrained PMU Placement for Complete Observability." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (November 27, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21764.

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This paper proposes a Fast Load Voltage Stability Index (FLVSI) constrained Binary Integer Programming (BIP) method for Phasor Measurement Unit placement at optimal locations in network to obtain complete observability. Every load bus of network is considered to sort out weak load bus from proposed FLVSI approach. PMUs are constrained to place at weak load buses using BIP approach for observability of network. Zero Injection (ZI) modeling is suggested to reduce PMU placement locations in network. Single line outage or PMU loss constraints are formulated for placement of PMUs. Bus Redundancy Index (BRI) is formulated and considered for every bus of network. With and without ZI modeling under normal and line outage cases is compared to present effectiveness of approach. IEEE –14- 30-and 57- bus networks are tested with MATLAB Programming and compared with other methods to show its effectiveness.

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Nguyen, N. T. A., and D. D. Le. "Day-ahead Coordinated Operation of a Wind-Storage System Considering Wind Forecast Uncertainty." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 7201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4176.

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This paper proposes an optimal operation for coordinated Battery Energy Storage (BES) and wind generation in a day-ahead market under wind uncertainty. A comprehensive AC Optimal Power Flow (AC OPF) model was established to incorporate wind and storage into a power system. To take into account wind forecast uncertainty, preprocessing technique, time series model, and fast forward selection method were applied for scenario generation and reduction processes. Tests were performed on a modified IEEE 14-bus system and the results show that the use of BESs is an alternative to guarantee a more efficient and flexible operation of wind power plants.

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Hayakawa, N., Y. Mori, and H. Kojima. "Fault Current Limitation Coordination of Multiple SFCLs in IEEE 14-Bus Test System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1559 (June 2020): 012138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012138.

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Saxena, Akash, and Ankit Kumar Sharma. "Assessment of Global Voltage Stability Margin through Radial Basis Function Neural Network." Advances in Electrical Engineering 2016 (September 29, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4858431.

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Dynamic operating conditions along with contingencies often present formidable challenges to the power engineers. Decisions pertaining to the control strategies taken by the system operators at energy management centre are based on the information about the system’s behavior. The application of ANN as a tool for voltage stability assessment is empirical because of its ability to do parallel data processing with high accuracy, fast response, and capability to model dynamic, nonlinear, and noisy data. This paper presents an effective methodology based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFN) to predict Global Voltage Stability Margin (GVSM), for any unseen loading condition of the system. GVSM is used to assess the overall voltage stability status of the power system. A comparative analysis of different topologies of ANN, namely, Feedforward Backprop (FFBP), Cascade Forward Backprop (CFB), Generalized Regression (GR), Layer Recurrent (LR), Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX), ELMAN Backprop, and Feedforward Distributed Time Delay Network (FFDTDN), is carried out on the basis of capability of the prediction of GVSM. The efficacy of RBFN is better than other networks, which is validated by taking the predictions of GVSM at different levels of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) in input features. The results obtained from ANNs are validated through the offline Newton Raphson (N-R) method. The proposed methodology is tested over IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and IEEE 118-bus test systems.

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Gupta, Gaurav, Manisha Dubey, and Anoop Ayra. "Cost Allocation of Reactive Power Using Matrix Methodology in Transmission Network." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i3.pp226-232.

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<span>In the deregulated market environment as generation, transmission and distribution are separate entities; reactive power flow in transmission lines is a question of great importance. Due to inductive load characteristic, reactive power is inherently flowing in transmission line. Hence under restructured market this reactive power allocation is necessary. In this work authors presents a power flow tracing based allocation method for reactive power to loads. MVAr-mile method is used for allocation of reactive power cost. A sample 6 bus and IEEE 14 bus system is used for showing the feasibility of developed method.</span>

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Fu, Hong Jun, Jian Hua Sun, Jing Gang Wang, and Yang Yu Hu. "The Static Voltage Stability Limit Calculation of AC/DC Hybrid Power System Based on Improved Continuation Power Flow Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1450.

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With the HVDC system interconnected to power grid, the voltage stability problem of power grid has become increasingly prominent. This paper establishes the mathematical model of AC/DC hybrid power system and proposed an improved Continuation Power Flow (CPF) algorithm to calculate the static voltage stability limit of AC/DC hybrid system, the characteristics of this algorithm are as following: PQ decoupled power flow algorithm is used; Lagrange quadric interpolation is used in the process of predictor and step control; local parameter method is used in the correction. The iterations of AC/DC calculation alternate to solve power flow equations and select the step control near the critical power limit points to ensure the convergence of power flow solution. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm, this paper compares the calculation results by the improved algorithm and Matpower on the IEEE 14 bus-system. This paper calculates the static voltage stability limit of AC/DC hybrid power system under different DC control patterns of modified IEEE 14 bus-system and analyzes the impacts of different DC control pattern to the system voltage stability.

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Alamelu, S., S. Baskar, C. K. Babulal, and S. Jeyadevi. "Static Loadabilty Assessment Using Covariance Matrix Adapted Evolution Strategy." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.864.

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This paper discusses application of Covariance Matrix Adapted Evolution Strategy (CMAES) algorithm for maximizing loadability margin of power system. CMAES is a class of continuous evolutionary algorithm that generates new population members by sampling from a probability distribution that is constructed during the optimization process. IEEE 14 bus , 30 bus and 118 bus systems are considered for simulation purpose. For comparison of the results, primal dual interior point (PDIP), continuation power flow (CPF), Particle swarm optimization algorithms are considered. Statistical performance of CMAES algorithm reveals that even the mean value of maximum loadability is better than maximum loadability obtained in other methods. Even though CMAES takes higher computation time due to the determination of covariance matrix, only this algorithm gives maximum loadability margin.

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BABU, P. SURESH, P. B. CHENNAIAH, and M. SREEHARI. "Optimal Placement of SVC Using Fuzzy and Firefly Algorithm." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v4.i4.pp113-117.

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<p>Voltage stability is major phenomena in any power system network for reliability and continuity operation. But the tight operation of power system due to overloading or fault on the system which is evitable and major threat to the power system. So it is necessary to maintain the voltages within the constraints at the overloading conditions also by placing of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) at optimal locations. New approaches are used to find the placement and size of the SVC at different locations. Fuzzy is used to find the location and the size of the SVC is fined by the Firefly algorithm. This paper considers different loading conditions of the power system network (125,150,175over loading conditions). From the results we can conclude that the power losses are reduced and the voltages can be maintained within the limits .IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus system is taken for the implementing the above techniques.</p>

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Elroby, M. M. H., S. F. Mekhamer, H. E. A. Talaat, and M. A. Moustafa Hassan. "Generalized optimal placement of PMUs considering power system observability, communication infrastructure, and quality of service requirements." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2824-2841.

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This paper presents a generalized optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering power system observability, reliability, Communication Infrastructure (CI), and latency time associated with this CI. Moreover, the economic study for additional new data transmission paths is considered as well as the availability of predefined locations of some PMUs and the preexisting communication devices (CDs) in some buses. Two cases for the location of the Control Center Base Station (CCBS) are considered; predefined case and free selected case. The PMUs placement and their required communication network topology and channel capacity are co-optimized simultaneously. In this study, two different approaches are applied to optimize the objective function; the first approach is combined from Binary Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (BPSOGSA) and the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm, while the second approach is based only on BPSOGSA. The feasibility of the proposed approaches are examined by applying it to IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems.

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Almasabi, Saleh, Turki Alsuwian, Ehtasham Javed, Muhammad Irfan, Mohammed Jalalah, Belqasem Aljafari, and Farid A. Harraz. "A Novel Technique to Detect False Data Injection Attacks on Phasor Measurement Units." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 5791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175791.

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The power industry is in the process of grid modernization with the introduction of phasor measurement units (PMUs), advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and other technologies. Although these technologies enable more reliable and efficient operation, the risk of cyber threats has increased, as evidenced by the recent blackouts in Ukraine and New York. One of these threats is false data injection attacks (FDIAs). Most of the FDIA literature focuses on the vulnerability of DC estimators and AC estimators to such attacks. This paper investigates FDIAs for PMU-based state estimation, where the PMUs are comparable. Several states can be manipulated by compromising one PMU through the channels of that PMU. A Phase Locking Value (PLV) technique was developed to detect FDIAs. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 14-bus and the IEEE 30-bus test systems under different scenarios using a Monte Carlo simulation where the PLV demonstrated an efficient performance.

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Tudose, Andrei M., Irina I. Picioroaga, Dorian O. Sidea, and Constantin Bulac. "Solving Single- and Multi-Objective Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problems Using an Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051222.

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The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem represents a fundamental concern in the efficient and reliable operation of power systems, based on the proper coordination of numerous devices. Therefore, the ORPD calculation is an elaborate nonlinear optimization problem that requires highly performing computational algorithms to identify the optimal solution. In this paper, the potential of metaheuristic methods is explored for solving complex optimization problems specific to power systems. In this regard, an improved salp swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the ORPD problem for the IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus systems, by approaching the reactive power planning as both a single- and a multi- objective problem and aiming at minimizing the real power losses and the bus voltage deviations. Multiple comparison studies are conducted based on the obtained results to assess the proposed approach performance with respect to other state-of-the-art techniques. In all cases, the results demonstrate the potential of the developed method and reflect its effectiveness in solving challenging problems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'IEEE 14 bus'

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