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Journal articles on the topic 'IEC 31000'

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Published: 25 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Arévalo Moscoso, Franklin Mauricio, Irene Priscila Cedillo Orellana, and Santiago Arturo Moscoso Bernal. "Metodología Ágil para la Gestión de Riesgos Informáticos." Killkana Técnica 1, no. 2 (November 19, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26871/killkana_tecnica.v1i2.81.

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El presente artículo presenta una metodología integral para la gestión de riesgos informáticos basándose en los estándares mundialmente aceptados como son ISO 31000 e ISO/IEC 27005, los mismos que indican los requerimientos para una gestión adecuada de riesgos; sin embargo no indican, al menos de manera clara, como se puede realizar dicha gestión. Por ello se incluyen recomendaciones y buenas prácticas de otros estándares y guías internacionales para el manejo de riesgos. Con la aplicación de la metodología planteada en una empresa industrial de alimentos, se comprueba su validez; además, el equipo de trabajo que aplicó la metodología tuvo a su disposición herramientas sugeridas que ayudaron a valorar técnicamente los riesgos según su probabilidad de ocurrencia, sus consecuencias y dimensiones de seguridad afectadas.
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2

Hills, M. W. "(A273) Mass Gatherings and the Application of the New International Risk Management Standard ISO3100." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002573.

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BackgroundEarly involvement by health services in the planning, preparation, operations and post-event analysis of mass gatherings provides one of the best opportunities to engage with other agencies and to develop a real sense of your agency's capabilities. The establishment of the new ISO Standards on Risk Management provide the best opportunity in a decade to structure this work in a manner that will develop true capacity to manage the multitude of risks health services face this century.DiscussionRather than ad hoc and sometimes conflicting approaches we now have the “lingua franca” on which to build our policy, capacity development, budgets and response. The evolution of risk management standards has seen the release of ISO 31000: 2009, Risk management - Principles and guidelines and ISO 31010: 2009, Risk management – Risk assessment techniques. Largely based on the earlier Australian Standard 4360 and work of the IEC these standards have the potential to embed critical aspects of the responsibilities of health agencies worldwide into a universal singular policy framework. Translating this into other areas of health agencies work includes communicable disease management and emergency management, in general, which will allow other agencies to understand the “health” perspective and vice versa.ConclusionsDrawing on personal experiences from mass gatherings since 1997, the author will demonstrate the utility of the ISO Standards as the framework for health emergency management including mass gatherings. Examples will include mass gatherings at the international level within the Asia- Pacific Region to the local level within Sydney, Australia from 1997 to 2010.
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3

Бортнік, О. В. "Implementation of international standards in local government as a key to sustainable development." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ASPECTS 7, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151927.

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The article deals with the most relevant international standards created to promote the developmentand increase the efficiency of local government structures. The works of domestic and foreign authors isanalyzed, defining the role of the local government potential in ensuring sustainable development of theregions. The link between UN global goals and the standards adopted by the International Organizationfor Standardization for sustainable development is analysed. Were taken into consideration the standardsconnected with work of local government authorities: ISO 9001:2015 «Quality management systems –Requirements», ISO 18091:2019 «Quality management systems – Guidelines for the application of ISO9001 in local government», ISO 37120:2018 «Sustainable cities and communities – Indicators for cityservices and quality of life», ISO 31000 «Risk Management – Guidelines», IEC 31010 «Risk Management– Risk Assessment Techniques», ISO 22301:2012 «Societal security – Business continuity managementsystems – Requirements», ISO 20121:2012 «Event sustainability management systems – Requirementswith guidance for use». Presented opinion about relevance of the seven quality management principles to local government and degree of their implementation in local government in Ukraine. The key features ofthese standards and their role in improving the quality of life of the population and the efficiency of thework of local government bodies are considered. Examples of quality management systems implementationexperience in local government abroad (based on Italian research) and feedback on the results are provided.Provided examples and explanation of city indicators according to ISO 37120. And how standards canhelp prepare and respond properly in the most unpredictable situations, contribute to effective disaster riskmanagement through the provision of universal tools and mechanisms at the city, state and regional levels ofgovernment. The possibilities of applying international practice in Ukraine are considered and importanceof international standards’ implementation in local government as a key to sustainable development wereexamined.
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Varsos, Dimitrios S., Stergiani A. Giannakou, and Nikitas A. Assimakopoulos. "A Systems Approach to Information Security for the Twenty-First Century Organization." Acta Europeana Systemica 8 (July 10, 2020): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v8i1.56343.

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A crisis resulting from disruptive events that threaten to harm the organization or its stakeholders can originate from a plethora of sources. Data breaches, unauthorized disclosures of confidential information, and data leaks, are on the news almost daily. Most guidelines and standards published by prominent International Standards Organizations hold that risk-based thinking supports public, private, and community enterprises (referred for convenience in this work by the generic term “organization”) in determining the forces that could cause their key and enabling processes to deviate from planned arrangements, to apply preventive measures to modify risk, and to take advantage of opportunities as they arise. A well-structured Information Security Management System that is developed, implemented, and maintained through sound risk-based thinking, enables the organization to take appropriate actions to address the risks and opportunities associated with its information resources, in a manner that is commensurate to the complexity of its socio-technical infrastructure and the external environmentassociated with its activities. In this work we explore the Risk Management Process that is outlined in the ISO 31000 international standard, through the requirements/guidelines defined in the ISO/IEC 27000-series of international standards. The knowledge gained is applied to develop a systems driven conceptual structure thatcan be employed by any organization operating on the complexities of an interconnected environment, for the purpose of designing, implementing, monitoring, reviewing and continually improving a structured Information Security Management System.
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5

Levkin, A. V., and V. N. Konovalov. "CONJUGATED DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR ABILITIES OF HOCKEY PLAYERS 8-9 YEARS OLD IN TRAINING SESSIONS CONDUCTED OUT OF ICE." Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), no. 4 2021 (2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.31000.

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Rakislova, Natalia, Omar Clavero, Laia Alemany, Adela Saco, Beatriz Quirós, Belen Lloveras, Maria Alejo, et al. ""Histological characteristics of HPV-associated and -independent squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva: A study of 1,594 cases”." International Journal of Cancer 141, no. 12 (August 31, 2017): 2517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31006.

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7

Cui, Yong, Xiao-Ou Shu, Hong-Lan Li, Gong Yang, Wanqing Wen, Yu-Tang Gao, Qiuyin Cai, et al. "Prospective study of urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite and pancreatic cancer risk." International Journal of Cancer 141, no. 12 (August 29, 2017): 2423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31007.

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8

Feng, Hsin-Chun, Jhuan-Yu Lin, Shu-Han Hsu, Wen-Yu Lan, Chang-Sheng Kuo, Yu-Feng Tian, Ding-Ping Sun, and Rwei-Fen Syu Huang. "Low folate metabolic stress reprograms DNA methylation-activated sonic hedgehog signaling to mediate cancer stem cell-like signatures and invasive tumour stage-specific malignancy of human colorectal cancers." International Journal of Cancer 141, no. 12 (September 23, 2017): 2537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31008.

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9

Anders, Kathleen, Olivia Kershaw, Lionel Larue, Achim D. Gruber, and Thomas Blankenstein. "The immune system prevents recurrence of transplanted but not autochthonous antigenic tumors after oncogene inactivation therapy." International Journal of Cancer 141, no. 12 (August 31, 2017): 2551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31009.

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10

Babic, Ana, Holly R. Harris, Allison F. Vitonis, Linda J. Titus, Susan J. Jordan, Penelope M. Webb, Harvey A. Risch, et al. "Menstrual pain and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: Results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 3 (September 21, 2017): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31010.

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11

Hasenoehrl, Carina, David Feuersinger, Eva M. Sturm, Thomas Bärnthaler, Ellen Heitzer, Ricarda Graf, Magdalena Grill, et al. "G protein-coupled receptor GPR55 promotes colorectal cancer and has opposing effects to cannabinoid receptor 1." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 1 (September 21, 2017): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31030.

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12

Liu, Jia, Liang Lv, Jian Gong, Yuyong Tan, Yun Zhu, Yinghuan Dai, Xin Pan, et al. "Overexpression of F-box only protein 31 predicts poor prognosis and deregulates p38α- and JNK-mediated apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 1 (September 28, 2017): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31040.

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13

Fan, Yang, Xin Ma, Hongzhao Li, Yu Gao, Qingbo Huang, Yu Zhang, Xu Bao, et al. "miR-122 promotes metastasis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma by downregulating Dicer." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31050.

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Li, Yan, JinWoo Hong, Joung-Eun Oh, A.-Rum Yoon, and Chae-Ok Yun. "Potent antitumor effect of tumor microenvironment-targeted oncolytic adenovirus against desmoplastic pancreatic cancer." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 2 (October 9, 2017): 392–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31060.

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15

Kimbung, Siker, Ida Markholm, Judith Bjöhle, Tobias Lekberg, Anna von Wachenfeldt, Edward Azavedo, Ariel Saracco, et al. "Assessment of early response biomarkers in relation to long-term survival in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: Results from the Phase II PROMIX trial." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 3 (October 13, 2017): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31070.

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Jingushi, Kentaro, Motohide Uemura, Naomi Ohnishi, Wataru Nakata, Kazutoshi Fujita, Takuya Naito, Risa Fujii, et al. "Extracellular vesicles isolated from human renal cell carcinoma tissues disrupt vascular endothelial cell morphology via azurocidin." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 3 (October 14, 2017): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31080.

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17

Conrad, Catharina, Malena Götte, Uwe Schlomann, Marion Roessler, Axel Pagenstecher, Peter Anderson, Jane Preston, et al. "ADAM8 expression in breast cancer derived brain metastases: Functional implications on MMP-9 expression and transendothelial migration in breast cancer cells." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31090.

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18

Hidayat, Khemayanto, Chun-Mei Yang, and Bi-Min Shi. "Body fatness at an early age and risk of colorectal cancer." International Journal of Cancer 142, no. 4 (October 26, 2017): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31100.

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19

Williams, Mark W., Alana Wilson, Dendup Tshering, Pankaj Thapa, and Rijan B. Kayastha. "Using geochemical and isotopic chemistry to evaluate glacier melt contributions to the Chamkar Chhu (river), Bhutan." Annals of Glaciology 57, no. 71 (March 2016): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a068.

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AbstractWater stored as ice and snow at high elevations is a resource that plays an important role in the hydrologic cycle, particularly in the timing and volume of downstream discharge. Here we use geochemical and isotopic values of water samples to evaluate relative contributions of melting glacier ice and groundwater to discharge in Bhutan. River water samples were collected between 3100 and 4500 m in the Chamkar Chhu (river) watershed of central Bhutan's Himalaya. Glacier ice and snow were sampled in the ablation zone of Thanagang glacier. Groundwater was parameterized from spring water at elevations of 3100 and 3600 m. Synoptic sampling was carried out in separate expeditions in July, August and late September 2014, to characterize monsoon and post-monsoon conditions. Results from a two-component hydrologic mixing model using isotopic and geochemical (sulphate) values show that the glacier outflow contributions decrease from ∼76% at 4500 m to 31% at 3100 m. A four-component hydrologic mixing model using end-member mixing analysis shows glacier ice melt increasing as a proportion of discharge over the 3 month sampling period, and consistently decreasing with distance downstream of Thanagang glacier terminus. These results indicate that isotopic and geochemical tracers can provide a quantitative evaluation of the source water contributions to streamflow in Bhutan.
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20

Fenner, Beau J., Gavin S. W. Tan, Anna C. S. Tan, Ian Y. S. Yeo, Tien Yin Wong, and Gemmy C. M. Cheung. "Identification of imaging features that determine quality and repeatability of retinal capillary plexus density measurements in OCT angiography." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 4 (August 16, 2017): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310700.

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PurposeOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) potentially allows for rapid and non-invasive quantification of retinal capillary plexus density in various disease states. This study aims to identify the key features that influenced the repeatability of OCT-A measurements.MethodsWe obtained OCT-A images on two separate visits in 44 healthy eyes from 44 subjects, each imaged with using the Topcon DRI OCT Triton imaging system. The parafoveal vessel density within a 1.5 mm radius centred over the fovea was obtained with the built-in tool for the superficial and deep retinal plexuses. Repeatability of vessel density was determined by intraclass correlation (ICC) and mean variation. We evaluated several image parameters to determine their influence on the repeatability of vessel density measurement in each of the two capillary plexuses.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 70.2±9.2 years, with 64% males. Mean parafoveal vessel density measurements for the first and second visits were 53.3±11.1 and 53.3±10.3 for the superficial plexus and 27.3±8.59 and 27.0±8.78 for the deep plexus. ICC analyses demonstrated that high fine vessel visibility, the absence of motion artefact and software-derived image quality score of 60 or above were necessary to obtain a good (ICC>0.6) or excellent (ICC>0.75) repeatability.ConclusionsOur study identified the imaging parameters that determined the repeatability of quantitative retinal vessel density measurements. These findings have implications in determining if OCT-A images can be used to accurately evaluate serial changes in retinal vessel density.
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21

Poveda, Andrés. "Introduction." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 21, Supp 1 (May 2011): S1—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e318217b337.

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Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer, representing 5% of all cancers in women. It has the highest case-fatality rate of all gynecological malignancies. In the European Union, there are approximately 48,000 new cases of ovarian cancer and 31,000 deaths per year. Similarly, in the United States, there are approximately 25,500 new cases per year, with 16,000 deaths associated.
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22

Levin, S. F. "Inadequacy for mathematical models of measurement objects and risk calculations according to ISO/IEC 17025-2019." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 7 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-7-13-21.

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The problem of inadequacy of mathematical models of measurement objects is considered in connection with the problem of “definitional uncertainty of measurement” and the need for risk management in accordance with GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”. The prehistory of the problem is described: from the formation of moment and compositional approaches to estimating accuracy to the introduction of a special term “inadequacy error for mathematical model of measurement object”. The negative impact of hopelessness of conceptual and terminological transformations in metrology and critical contradiction of the applicability estimates for “statistical methods” of GOST R ISO/IEC 31010-2011 “Risk management – Risk assessment techniques” and “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” is noted. It is shown that taking into account the inadequacy of probabilistic models in risk calculations is a necessary condition for results reliability.
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23

Le Page, Michael. "The end of Ice." New Scientist 230, no. 3076 (June 2016): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(16)31005-3.

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Popescu, Adam. "Narwhals may help monitor ice sheet." New Scientist 234, no. 3127 (May 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(17)31007-2.

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25

Choi, Gil Hyeon, Sa Hong Lee, and Chong Soo Cheung. "Selecting the Subjects of Intensive Disaster Management through Risk Assessment Methodology (ISO/IEC 31010) - The Case of Philippines -." Crisis and Emergency Management:Theory and Praxis 13, no. 09 (September 21, 2017): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2017.13.9.141.

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26

Zhou, J., J. L. Tison, G. Carnat, N. X. Geilfus, and B. Delille. "Physical controls on the storage of methane in landfast sea ice." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2014): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-121-2014.

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Abstract. We report on methane (CH4) dynamics in landfast sea ice, brine and under-ice seawater at Barrow in 2009. The CH4 concentrations in under-ice water ranged between 25.9 and 116.4 nmol L−1sw, indicating a superaturation of 700 to 3100% relative to the atmosphere. In comparison, the CH4 concentrations in ice, ranged between 3.4 and 17.2 nmol L−1ice, and the deduced CH4 concentrations in brine, between 13.2 and 677.7 nmol L−1br. We investigated on the processes explaining the difference in CH4 concentrations between sea ice, brine and the under-ice water, and suggest that two physical processes regulated the storage of CH4 in sea ice: bubble formation and sea ice permeability. Gas bubble formation from solubility changes had favoured the accumulation of CH4 in the ice at the beginning of ice growth. CH4 retention in sea ice was then twice as efficient as that of salt; this also explains the overall higher CH4 concentrations in brine than in the under-ice water. As sea ice thickened, gas bubble formation became less efficient so that CH4 was then mainly trapped in the dissolved state. The increase of sea ice permeability during ice melt marks the end of CH4 storage.
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27

Zhou, J., J. L. Tison, G. Carnat, N. X. Geilfus, and B. Delille. "Physical controls on the storage of methane in landfast sea ice." Cryosphere 8, no. 3 (June 3, 2014): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1019-2014.

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Abstract. We report on methane (CH4) dynamics in landfast sea ice, brine and under-ice seawater at Barrow in 2009. The CH4 concentrations in under-ice water ranged from 25.9 to 116.4 nmol L−1sw, indicating a supersaturation of 700 to 3100% relative to the atmosphere. In comparison, the CH4 concentrations in sea ice ranged from 3.4 to 17.2 nmol L−1ice and the deduced CH4 concentrations in brine from 13.2 to 677.7 nmol L−1brine. We investigated the processes underlying the difference in CH4 concentrations between sea ice, brine and under-ice water and suggest that biological controls on the storage of CH4 in ice were minor in comparison to the physical controls. Two physical processes regulated the storage of CH4 in our landfast ice samples: bubble formation within the ice and sea ice permeability. Gas bubble formation due to brine concentration and solubility decrease favoured the accumulation of CH4 in the ice at the beginning of ice growth. CH4 retention in sea ice was then twice as efficient as that of salt; this also explains the overall higher CH4 concentrations in brine than in the under-ice water. As sea ice thickened, gas bubble formation became less efficient, CH4 was then mainly trapped in the dissolved state. The increase of sea ice permeability during ice melt marked the end of CH4 storage.
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28

Levin, Sergey F. "The measurement problem of calibration of measuring instrument under specified conditions." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 4 (2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-4-9-15.

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The problem of calibration of measuring instruments for given conditions based on the correction function is considered as a measurement problem of structural-parametric identification of the calibration diagram. It is shown, that the correction function allows at the first stage to obtain a ratio for correcting the readings, and at the second stage to obtain a corrected measurement result, it is necessary to identify the probability distribution of possible deviations from it. An example of solving the measurement problem of calibration for given conditions is given. Negative aspects of the practice of calibration of measuring instruments are noted: carrying out calibration under normal conditions according to the methods of verification of measuring instruments; presentation of calibration results by tables of joint readings of measuring instruments and standards; the presence in the calculations of the calibration diagram of significant restrictions on the mathematical apparatus of the «Guidelines for the expression of measurement uncertainty», specified by ISO/IEC 31010:2019 “Risk management – Risk assessment techniques”.
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29

Zhang, Nan, Chunlei An, Xiaopeng Fan, Guitao Shi, Chuanjin Li, Jingfeng Liu, Zhengyi Hu, Pavel Talalay, Youhong Sun, and Yuansheng Li. "Chinese First Deep Ice-Core Drilling Project DK-1 at Dome A, Antarctica (2011-2013): progress and performance." Annals of Glaciology 55, no. 68 (2014): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014aog68a006.

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AbstractThe Chinese First Deep Ice-Core Drilling Project DK-1 has commenced at Kunlun station in the Dome A region, the highest plateau in Antarctica. During the first season, within the 28th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) 2011/12 the pilot hole was drilled and reamed in order to install a 100 m deep fiberglass casing. In the next season, 29th CHINARE 2012/13, the deep ice-core drilling system was installed, and all the auxiliary equipment was connected and commissioned. After filling the hole with drilling fluid (n-butyl acetate), three runs of ‘wet’ ice-core drilling were carried out and a depth of 131.24 m was reached. Drilling to the bedrock at the target depth of ∼3100 m is planned to be completed during a further four seasons. We describe the work in progress and the status of equipment for the Dome A drilling project.
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Braun, M., A. Humbert, and A. Moll. "Changes of Wilkins Ice Shelf over the past 15 years and inferences on its stability." Cryosphere 3, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-3-41-2009.

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Abstract. The Wilkins Ice Shelf is situated on the Antarctic Peninsula, a region where seven ice shelves disintegrated or retreated between 1995 and 2002. This study combines various remote sensing datasets from Wilkins Ice Shelf, with the aim of detecting its present and recent dynamics as well as recent changes. The survey includes structural mapping, ERS-1/2 SAR interferometry and analysis of ICESat GLAS ice surface elevation data. Ice front retreat rates from 1986 to 2008 showed several distinct break-up events, including one in February 2008, when 40% of a part of the ice shelf that connected two islands broke off. Surface elevations have been used to study tidal effects, crack formation and to estimate the ice thickness over the floating area. The derived interferometric velocities cover the south-eastern part of the ice shelf as well as major tributaries and reveal maximum inflow speeds of up to 330 m a−1. We show that drainage of melt ponds into crevasses were of no relevance for the break-up at Wilkins Ice Shelf. Buoyancy forces caused rift formation before the break-up in February 2008. Additionally, the evolution of failure zones of the order of tenths of kilometres in length in pre-conditioned locations at ice rises is shown. Investigation of the current (February 2009) situation shows that about 3100 km2 at the Northern Wilkins Ice Shelf are endangered, however, there is no visible signature that the remaining 8000 km2 are at risk.
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Sugiyarto, Kristian Handoyo, Isana Supiah Yosephine Louise, and Shinta Setya Wilujeng. "Preparation and Powder XRD Analysis of Tris(2,2’-bipyridine)nickel(II) Trifluoroacetate." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.46483.

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The complex containing Ni(II)-2,2’-bipyridin (bipy)-trifluoroacetate (TFA) was prepared by direct interaction of the corresponding precursors in an aqueous solution. AAS measurement for metal content, TGA-DTA analysis and electrical conductance suggest the ionic complex of [Ni(bipy)3](CF3COO)2·6H2O. The magnetic moment of 3.13–3.17 BM indicates the paramagnetism corresponding to two unpaired electrons which is clearly higher than that of the spin only value (2.87 BM), and commonly observed due to the spin-orbit coupling in Ni(II). UV-Vis spectral property revealed the first two main ligand field bands centered at about 14200 and 18650 cm–1, which are attributed to the spin-allowed transition, 3A2g→3T2g and 3A2g→3T1g(F), respectively. The expected third band at higher energy seems to appear as a shoulder at 26500 cm–1 (378 nm), as it is masked by a strong intensity of charge transfer band centered at 31050 cm–1. The infrared spectrum exhibits mode of vibrations of the functional groups of ligand and TFA. The powder diffractogram was refined by Le Bail method and found fit as monoclinic system of space group of P21/M, with figures of merit: Rp = 3.62, Rwp = 5.76, Rexp = 3.48, goodness of fitting (GOF) 2.745 and the derived Bragg R-Factor = 0.05.
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32

Sapkota, S., N. R. Bhatt, D. P. Bhatt, A. Bist, S. Thapa, and R. B. Kayastha. "ESTIMATING THE VOLUME OF ICE LOSS USING LANDSAT IMAGERIES: A CASE STUDY OF RIKHASAMBHA GLACIER, NEPAL." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5/W2 (December 5, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-w2-83-2019.

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Abstract. Nepal being a part of Hindu Kush Himalayan Region is one of the largest concentration of glaciers. The loss of ice on that region reflects the climate change resulting devastating consequences on billions of people living downstream. This is why regular monitoring of the glaciers on that region is important not only to have insight into the glacier change but also to mitigate the effect of it. The satellite image as an alternate to ground based approach provides much more flexibility for monitoring in a regular basis. Therefore, this research aimed to map the decadal changes in glacier extent followed by estimating volume of ice loss of Rikha Samba Glacier located in Mustang district of Nepal. Multitemporal Landsat satellite images dating back from 1995 to 2015 were utilized in the study. The current research involved the calculation of snow index like NDSI on the radiometrically corrected satellite imageries. An open source GIS software package was used to automatically delineate the boundary of glacier based on the NDSI. It has been revealed that the glacier area shrunk by 2.608 km2 on an average over the period. The ice velocity of the glacier was estimated. Laminar flow approach (Cuffey and Paterson, 2010) was utilized to find the ice thickness of glacier based on the evaluated velocity information. The utilization of thus computed ice thickness gave the volume of ice loss during the study period (i.e. 310000 m3). In addition, 0.69 km glacier retreat was observed over the period.
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33

Hellstrom, John, Malcolm McCulloch, and John Stone. "A Detailed 31,000-Year Record of Climate and Vegetation Change, from the Isotope Geochemistry of Two New Zealand Speleothems." Quaternary Research 50, no. 2 (September 1998): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.1991.

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Uranium-series dating and stable isotope analyses of two speleothems from northwest Nelson, New Zealand, record changes in regional climate and local forest extent over the past 31,000 years. Oxygen isotope variation in these speleothems primarily represents changes in the meteoric waters falling above the caves, possibly responding to latitudinal changes in the position of the Subtropical Front in the Tasman Sea. Seven positive excursions can be identified in the oxygen isotope record, which coincide with periods of glacier advance, known to be sensitive to northward movement of the Subtropical Front. Four glacier advances occurred during oxygen isotope stage 2, with the most extreme glacial conditions centered on 19,000 cal yr B.P. An excursion in the oxygen isotope record from 13,800 to 11,700 cal yr B.P. provides support for a previously identified New Zealand glacier advance at the time of the Younger Dryas Stade, but suggests it began slightly before the Younger Dryas as recorded in Greenland ice cores. Carbon isotope variations in the speleothems record changes in forest productivity, closely matching existing paleovegetation records. On the basis of vegetation changes, stage 2 glacial climate conditions terminated abruptly in central New Zealand, from 15,700 to 14,200 cal yr B.P. Evidence of continuous speleothem growth at one site suggests that depression of the local treeline was limited to 600–700 m below its present altitude, throughout the last 31,000 years.
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34

Luckman, Brian H., Gerald Holdsworth, and Gerald D. Osborn. "Neoglacial Glacier Fluctuations in the Canadian Rockies." Quaternary Research 39, no. 2 (March 1993): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1018.

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AbstractThe Little Ice Age was the most extensive Neoglacial glacier advance in the Canadian Rockies. Evidence of earlier, less-extensive Neoglacial glacier advances is based on wood recovered from several glacier forefields. Wood flushed out of Athabasca Glacier (7550-8230 yr B.P., three dates) and Dome Glacier (6120-6380 yr B.P., two dates) indicates that forests occurred upvalley of present glacier termini during the Hypsithermal. Detrital logs from Peyto (14 dates), Saskatchewan (3 dates), Robson (3 dates), and Yoho (1 date) Glaciers, plus in situ slumps at Peyto and Robson Glaciers, have yielded 14 C dates between 2490 and 3300 yr B.P. (12 dates between 2800 and 2990). This wood is derived from sources at or upvalley from present glacier termini and represents forests overridden by glaciers between ca. 3100 and 2500 yr B.P. (Treeline was higher than present immediately prior to this advance.) This advance, which did not extend beyond the Little Ice Age maximum position, is designated the Peyto Advance and correlated with the Tiedemann Advance in western British Columbia. Earliest Little Ice Age advances at Peyto and Robson Glaciers are dated ca. 800-600 yr B.P. at positions ca. 500 m upvalley from Little Ice Age limits.
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35

Lacaze, L., D. Bergeat, E. Bardou-Jacquet, A. Merdrignac, P. Meurice, D. Val-Laillet, K. Boudjema, and R. Thibault. "MON-P082: Muscle Mass Loss (MML) Assessed by Abdominal CT Affects Long-Term Survival after Liver Resection for Intra Hepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC)." Clinical Nutrition 36 (September 2017): S209—S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(17)31001-4.

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36

Muzuka, A. N. N. "Episodes of Ice Rafted Debris and Their Effects on Primary Productivity in the Labrador Sea for the Past 31,000 Years." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 2 (1994): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.2.70.

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37

Zurbuchen, Julie, and Alexander R. Simms. "Late Holocene ice-mass changes recorded in a relative sea-level record from Joinville Island, Antarctica." Geology 47, no. 11 (September 23, 2019): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46649.1.

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Abstract Recent ice-mass loss driven by warming along the Antarctic Peninsula has resulted in rapid changes in uplift rates across the region. Are such events only a function of recent warming? If not, does the Earth response to such events last long enough to be preserved in Holocene records of relative sea level (RSL), and thus have a bearing on global-scale glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models (e.g. ICE-6G)? Answering such questions in Antarctica is hindered by the scarcity of RSL reconstructions within the region. Here, a new RSL reconstruction for Antarctica is presented based on beach ridges from Joinville Island on the Antarctic Peninsula. We find that RSL has fallen 4.9 ± 0.58 m over the past 3100 yr, and that the island experienced a significant increase in the rate of RSL fall from 1540 ± 125 cal. (calibrated) yr B.P. to 1320 ± 125 cal. yr B.P. This increase in the rate of RSL fall is likely due to the viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to terrestrial ice-mass loss from the Antarctic Peninsula, similar to the Earth response experienced after ice-mass loss following acceleration of glaciers behind the collapsed Larsen B ice shelf in 2002 C.E. Additionally, slower rates of beach-ridge progradation from 695 ± 190 cal. yr B.P. to 235 ± 175 cal. yr B.P. potentially reflect erosion of beach ridges from a RSL rise induced by a local glacial advance. The rapid response of the Earth to minor ice-mass changes recorded in the RSL record further supports recent assertions of a more responsive Earth to glacial unloading and at time scales relevant for GIA of Holocene and Pleistocene sea levels. Thus, current continental and global GIA models may not accurately capture the ice-mass changes of the Antarctic ice sheets at decadal and centennial time scales.
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38

Festi, Daniela, Margit Schwikowski, Valter Maggi, Klaus Oeggl, and Theo Manuel Jenk. "Significant mass loss in the accumulation area of the Adamello glacier indicated by the chronology of a 46 m ice core." Cryosphere 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 4135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4135-2021.

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Abstract. Dating glaciers is an arduous yet essential task in ice core studies, which becomes even more challenging when the glacier is experiencing mass loss in the accumulation zone as result of climate warming, leading to an older ice surface of unknown age. In this context, we dated a 46 m deep ice core from the Central Italian Alps retrieved in 2016 from the Adamello glacier in the locality Pian di Neve (3100 m a.s.l.). Here we present a timescale for the core obtained by integrating results from the analyses of the radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs with annual layer counting derived from pollen and refractory black carbon concentrations. Our results clearly indicate that the surface of the glacier is older than the drilling date of 2016 by about 20 years and that the 46 m ice core reaches back to around 1944. For the period of 1995–2016 the mass balance at the drilling site (former accumulation zone) decreased on average of about 1 m w.e. a−1 compared to the period 1963–1986. Despite the severe mass loss affecting this glacier even in the former accumulation zone, we show that it is possible to obtain a reliable timescale for such a temperate glacier using black carbon and pollen seasonality in combination with radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs. Our results are therefore very encouraging and open new perspectives on the potential of such glaciers as informative palaeoarchives.
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39

Rani, Sharmila, Gajendra Pandey, Annapurni Subramaniam, Snehalata Sahu, and N. Kameswara Rao. "Study of UV-bright stellar populations in the globular cluster NGC 1261 using Astrosat." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 2 (January 2, 2021): 2140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3758.

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ABSTRACT We present UV photometry of the globular cluster NGC 1261 using images acquired with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board Astrosat. We performed point-spread function (PSF) photometry on four near-UV (NUV) and two far-UV (FUV) images and constructed UV colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), in combination with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Gaia, and ground-based optical photometry for member stars. We detected the full horizontal branch (HB) in the NUV and blue HB in the FUV and identified two extreme HB (EHB) stars. HB stars have a tight sequence in UV–optical CMDs, well fitted with isochrones generated (age 12.6 Gyr, [Fe/H] = −1.27 metallicity) using updated BaSTI-IAC models. Effective temperatures (Teff), luminosities, and radii of bright HB stars were estimated using the spectral energy distribution. As we detect the complete sample of UV-bright HB stars, the hot end of the HB distribution is found to terminate at the G-jump ($T_{\rm eff}\, \sim$ 11500 K). The two EHB stars, fitted well with single spectra, have Teff = 31000 K and a mass = 0.495 M⊙, and follow the same Teff–radius relation as the blue HB stars. We constrain the formation pathways of these EHB stars to extreme mass loss in the RGB phase (due either to rotation or enhanced helium) or a early hot-flash scenario.
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40

Sari, Yunita, and Mochammad Syamsul Ma'arif. "Thermal Characteristic of Fire Resistance Electrical Cable for Residential Wiring Installation." Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v3i1.5882.

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The objective of the research was to investigate thermal characteristic of electrical cable for residential wiring installation in order to acquire the initial data for fire protection study especially connected to short circuit. The research methods were testing the characteristic of cable by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fire resistant test, and current injection test according to International Standard IEC 60332-1-1. The results of the test were: differential scanning calorimetry gave the flame temperature of the cable was 3100C, fire resistant test shown the length of charred/melted cable was 65 mm and fire was extinguished in 10 s after the source of flame was cut, the current injection test showed that for current of 60 A, the cable started to melted and produce smoke after 270 s. The result showed that the cable comply with the specification, i.e. flame retardant cable or fire resistance cable as proved by test results and can be concluded that the cable gives adequate protection to the fire. Also, it can concluded that whenever short circuits occur, the cable able to withstand the high current and temperature for prolonged time and may only resulted in charred or melted only and doesn't make the cable came into flame/fire. Even if the fire is occurred in the cable as results of short circuit, the propagation is relatively not existed.
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41

Winski, Dominic A., Tyler J. Fudge, David G. Ferris, Erich C. Osterberg, John M. Fegyveresi, Jihong Cole-Dai, Zayta Thundercloud, et al. "The SP19 chronology for the South Pole Ice Core – Part 1: volcanic matching and annual layer counting." Climate of the Past 15, no. 5 (October 8, 2019): 1793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019.

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Abstract. The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled in 2014–2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records requires an accurate depth–age relationship. Here, we present the SPICEcore (SP19) timescale for the age of the ice of SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronology from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events. These events indicate an age of 54 302±519 BP (years before 1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified in sodium and magnesium ions to 11 341 BP were used to interpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding an annually resolved chronology through the Holocene. Estimated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than 18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the interval between 1800 to 3100 BP when uncertainty estimates reach ±25 years due to widely spaced volcanic tie points. Prior to the Holocene, uncertainties remain within 124 years relative to WD2014. Results show an average Holocene accumulation rate of 7.4 cm yr−1 (water equivalent). The time variability of accumulation rate is consistent with expectations for steady-state ice flow through the modern spatial pattern of accumulation rate. Time variations in nitrate concentration, nitrate seasonal amplitude and δ15N of N2 in turn are as expected for the accumulation rate variations. The highly variable yet well-constrained Holocene accumulation history at the site can help improve scientific understanding of deposition-sensitive climate proxies such as δ15N of N2 and photolyzed chemical compounds.
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42

Fahmi, Zaki, Mudasir Mudasir, and Abdul Rohman. "Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR Spectra Combined with Multivariate Calibration and Discrimination Analysis for Analysis of Patchouli Oil Adulteration." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.36955.

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The adulteration of high priced oils such as patchouli oil with lower price ones is motivated to gain the economical profits. The aim of this study was to use FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the authentication of patchouli oil (PaO) in the mixtures with Castor Oil (CO) and Palm Oil (PO). The FTIR spectra of PaO and various vegetable oils were scanned at mid infrared region (4000–650 cm–1), and were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Quantitative analysis of PaO adulterated with CO and PO were carried out with multivariate calibration of Partial Least Square (PLS) regression. Based on PCA, PaO has the close similarity to CO and PO. From the optimization results, FTIR normal spectra in the combined wavenumbers of 1200–1000 and 3100–2900 cm–1 were chosen to quantify PaO in PO with coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9856 and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 4.57% in calibration model. In addition, R2 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 0.9984 and 1.79% were obtained during validation, respectively. The normal spectra in the wavenumbers region of 1200–1000 cm–1 were preferred to quantify PaO in CO with R2 value of 0.9816 and RMSEC of 6.89% in calibration, while in validation model, the R2 value of 0.9974 and RMSEP of 2.57% were obtained. Discriminant analysis was also successfully used for classification of PaO and PaO adulterated with PO and CO without misclassification observed. The combination of FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics provided an appropriate model for authentication study of PaO adulterated with PO and CO.
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43

Zhang, Kun, and Lianhai Zhang. "Analysis of Influence Factors of Pore Water Pressure Change in Frozen Soil." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3290831.

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In this article, changes of pore water pressures (PWP) in silty clay subjected to freezing and thawing were measured under an open-system condition. A total of five soil samples were tested, with water contents of 10.70%, 18.28%, 23.98%, 31.00%, and 37.65%, respectively. Each experienced a first-step freezing stage, a thawing stage, and a second-step freezing stage. The results showed that changes in PWP depended on the water content, soil type, salinity, ice content, air, pressure, temperature, and others. The PWP minimum with initial water content has a “w-shaped double-valley” characteristic, which described two PWP minima existing in two optimum water contents as initial water content increased. An influence-factor analysis of PWP was proposed and gave a reasonable interpretation on the “w-shaped double-valley” characteristic of PWP. In addition, the tensiometer method to measure PWP in frozen soil was further discussed with regard to its advantages and disadvantages.
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44

Thibert, E., N. Eckert, and C. Vincent. "Climatic drivers of seasonal glacier mass balances: an analysis of 6 decades at Glacier de Sarennes (French Alps)." Cryosphere Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 14, 2012): 2115–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-6-2115-2012.

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Abstract. Refined temporal signals are extracted from a glacier winter and summer mass balance series recorded at Glacier de Sarennes (French Alps) using variance decomposition. They are related to local and synoptic meteorological data in terms of interannual variability and structured trends. The winter balance has increased by +23% since 1976 due to more precipitation in early and late winter. The summer balance has decreased since 1982 due to a 43% increase in snow and ice melt. A 24-day lengthening of the ablation period – mainly due to longer ice ablation – is the main component in the overall increase in ablation. In addition, the last 25 yr have seen increases in ablation rates of 14 and 10% for snow and ice respectively. A simple degree-day analysis can account for both the snow/ice melt rate rise and the lengthening of the ablation period as a function of higher air temperatures. From the same analysis, the equilibrium line altitude of this 45° North latitude south-facing glacier has sensitivity to temperature of +93 m °C−1 around its mean elevation of 3100 m a.s.l. over 6 decades. The sensitivity of summer balance to temperature is −0.62 m w.e. yr−1 °C−1 for a typical 125-day long ablation season. Finally, the time structure of winter and summer mass balance terms are connected to NAO anomalies. Best correlations are obtained with winter NAO anomalies. However, they strongly depend on how the NAO signal is smoothed, so that the link between mass-balance seasonal terms and NAO signal remains tenuous and hard to interpret.
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45

Danova, Karyna, Viktoriya Malysheva, Оleg Bogatov, and Оlha Chencheva. "Дослідження структури виробничого ризику на робочих місцях працівників із інвалідністю." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.6.2.

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Соціальна спрямованість бізнесу є сучасним світовим трендом, за якого корпорації приділяють підвищену увагу соціальним, екологічним аспектам своєї діяльності, намагаючись зменшити несприятливий вплив бізнес-процесів на оточення та підвищуючи при цьому рівень соціальної безпеки. Цей підхід реалізується, у тому числі, у залученні на робочі місця представників соціально уразливих верств населення, зокрема, осіб із інвалідністю, а також створенні належних та безпечних умов праці для усіх працівників на робочих місцях. При цьому, має бути приділено особливу увагу питанням організації безпеки праці представників уразливих груп, зокрема, осіб із інвалідністю, що є надзвичайно важливим елементом підвищення ефективності загальної системи менеджменту безпеки на підприємстві. Наукова стаття присвячена розгляду актуального питання підвищення рівня безпеки на робочих місцях працівників із інвалідністю шляхом розробки методичних основ ідентифікування небезпек та оцінювання ризиків в умовах підприємства на базі аналізу міжнародного стандарту ДСТУ IEC/ISO 31010:2013, а також проєкту Методики проведення роботодавцем заходів з безпеки та гігієни праці на основі ризикоорієнтованого підходу. Роботодавець, як особа, яка, відповідно до законодавства, відповідає у цілому за забезпечення належного рівня безпеки на робочих місцях, є зацікавленим у впровадженні ефективних профілактичних заходів щодо попередження нещасних випадків та професійних захворювань, при цьому ризикорієнтований підхід визнаний найбільш ефективним способом досягнення цієї мети. У статті проаналізовані алгоритми процедури оцінювання виробничих ризиків та запропонований підхід до групування ризиків за принципом характеру дії на працівника, місцем виникнення, що дозволяє адаптувати процедуру до оцінювання ризиків на робочих місцях різних груп працівників, зокрема, із інвалідністю, та врахувати різні стани осіб, які безпосередньо зайняті у виробничому процесі.
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46

Favarin, José Laércio, Durval Dourado Neto, Axel García y García, Nilson Augusto Villa Nova, and Maria da Graça Guilherme Vieira Favarin. "Equações para a estimativa do índice de área foliar do cafeeiro." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 37, no. 6 (June 2002): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2002000600005.

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Com o objetivo de estudar a variação temporal do índice de área foliar (IAF) da cultura de café, utilizando um método simples e não-destrutivo, foi instalado um experimento no Departamento de Produção Vegetal, da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, da Universidade de São Paulo. Utilizou-se a cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 388-17, enxertada sobre a cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258 (de 15 até 35 meses de idade), no espaçamento de 2,5 x 1,0 m. Foram coletadas todas as folhas de duas plantas de café, em intervalos de 60 a 150 dias, para a mensuração da área foliar com o equipamento LI-COR (modelo 3100). Para obter a relação funcional entre IAF e diferentes variáveis de crescimento (altura da planta, número e massa total de folhas e área foliar) e arquitetura da copa (área da seção inferior, média e superior do dossel, área lateral do dossel, diâmetro inferior, médio e superior do dossel, volume do dossel da planta e altura do primeiro par de ramos), assumiu-se que a parte aérea do cafeeiro tem a forma cônica. O diâmetro da seção inferior do dossel (primeiro par de ramos) e a altura da planta podem ser utilizadas para estimar o índice de área foliar do cafeeiro.
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47

Snyders, Rachael, Hilary Babcock, and Christopher Blank. "Verification of Healthcare Personnel Immunity as a Strategy for Measles Preparedness." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s431—s432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1093.

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Background: Immunization resistance is fueling a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States, where several large measles outbreaks and 1,282 measles cases were reported in 2019. Concern about these measles outbreaks prompted a large healthcare organization to develop a preparedness plan to limit healthcare-associated transmission. Verification of employee rubeola immunity and immunization when necessary was prioritized because of transmission risk to nonimmune employees and role of the healthcare personnel in responding to measles cases. Methods: The organization employs ∼31,000 people in diverse settings. A multidisciplinary team was formed by infection prevention, infectious diseases, occupational health, and nursing departments to develop the preparedness plan. Immunity was monitored using a centralized database. Employees without evidence of immunity were asked to provide proof of vaccination, defined by the CDC as 2 appropriately timed doses of rubeola-containing vaccine, or laboratory confirmation of immunity. Employees were given 30 days to provide documentation or to obtain a titer at the organization’s expense. Staff with negative titers were given 2 weeks to coordinate with the occupational heath department for vaccination. Requests for medical or religious accommodations were evaluated by occupational heath staff, the occupational heath medical director, and the human resources department. All employees were included, though patient-interfacing employees in departments considered higher risk were prioritized. These areas were the emergency, dermatology, infectious diseases, labor and delivery, obstetrics, and pediatrics departments. Results: At the onset of the initiative in June 2019, 4,009 employees lacked evidence of immunity. As of November 2019, evidence of immunity had been obtained for 3,709 employees (92.5%): serological evidence of immunity was obtained for 2,856 (71.2%), vaccine was administered to 584 (14.6%), and evidence of previous vaccination was provided by 269 (6.7%). Evidence of immunity has not been documented for 300 (7.5%). The organization administered 3,626 serological tests and provided 997 vaccines, costing ∼$132,000. Disposition by serological testing is summarized in Table 1. Conclusions: A measles preparedness strategy should include proactive assessment of employees’ immune status. It is possible to expediently assess a large number of employees using a multidisciplinary team with access to a centralized database. Consideration may be given to prioritization of high-risk departments and patient-interfacing roles to manage workload.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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48

Thibert, E., N. Eckert, and C. Vincent. "Climatic drivers of seasonal glacier mass balances: an analysis of 6 decades at Glacier de Sarennes (French Alps)." Cryosphere 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-47-2013.

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Abstract. Refined temporal signals extracted from a winter and summer mass balance series recorded at Glacier de Sarennes (French Alps) using variance decomposition are related to local meteorological data and large-scale North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomalies in terms of interannual variability, trends of the low-frequency signals, and breaks in the time series. The winter balance has increased by +23% since 1976 due to more precipitation in early and late winter. The summer balance has decreased since 1982 due to a 43% increase in snow and ice melt. A 24-day lengthening of the ablation period – mainly due to longer ice ablation – is the main component in the overall increase in ablation. In addition, the last 25 yr have seen increases in ablation rates of 14 and 10% for snow and ice, respectively. A simple degree-day analysis can account for both the snow/ice melt rate rise and the lengthening of the ablation period as a function of higher air temperatures. From the same analysis, the equilibrium-line altitude of this 45° N latitude south-facing glacier has a sensitivity to temperature of +93 m °C−1 around its mean elevation of 3100 m a.s.l. over 6 decades. The sensitivity of summer balance to temperature is −0.62 m w.e. yr−1 °C−1 for a typical 125-day-long ablation season. Finally, the correlation of winter and summer mass balance terms with NAO anomalies is investigated. Singularly, highest values are obtained between winter NAO anomalies and summer balance. Winter NAO anomalies and winter balance and precipitation are almost disconnected. However, these results strongly depend on how the NAO signal is smoothed, so that the link between Sarennes mass balance seasonal terms and NAO signal remains tenuous and hard to interpret.
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49

Mikkelsen, Andreas Bech, Alun Hubbard, Mike MacFerrin, Jason Eric Box, Sam H. Doyle, Andrew Fitzpatrick, Bent Hasholt, Hannah L. Bailey, Katrin Lindbäck, and Rickard Pettersson. "Extraordinary runoff from the Greenland ice sheet in 2012 amplified by hypsometry and depleted firn retention." Cryosphere 10, no. 3 (May 30, 2016): 1147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1147-2016.

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Abstract. It has been argued that the infiltration and retention of meltwater within firn across the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet has the potential to buffer up to ∼ 3.6 mm of global sea-level rise (Harper et al., 2012). Despite evidence confirming active refreezing processes above the equilibrium line, their impact on runoff and proglacial discharge has yet to be assessed. Here, we compare meteorological, melt, firn stratigraphy and discharge data from the extreme 2010 and 2012 summers to determine the relationship between atmospheric forcing and melt runoff at the land-terminating Kangerlussuaq sector of the Greenland ice sheet, which drains into the Watson River. The 6.8 km3 bulk discharge in 2012 exceeded that in 2010 by 28 %, despite only a 3 % difference in net incoming melt energy between the two years. This large disparity can be explained by a 10 % contribution of runoff originating from above the long-term equilibrium line in 2012 caused by diminished firn retention. The amplified 2012 response was compounded by catchment hypsometry; the disproportionate increase in area contributing to runoff as the melt-level rose high into the accumulation area.Satellite imagery and aerial photographs reveal an extensive supraglacial network extending 140 km from the ice margin that confirms active meltwater runoff originating well above the equilibrium line. This runoff culminated in three days with record discharge of 3100 m3 s−1 (0.27 Gt d−1) that peaked on 11 July and washed out the Watson River Bridge. Our findings corroborate melt infiltration processes in the percolation zone, though the resulting patterns of refreezing are complex and can lead to spatially extensive, perched superimposed ice layers within the firn. In 2012, such layers extended to an elevation of at least 1840 m and provided a semi-impermeable barrier to further meltwater storage, thereby promoting widespread runoff from the accumulation area of the Greenland ice sheet that contributed directly to proglacial discharge and global sea-level rise.
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Velev, D., and P. Zlateva. "INFORMATION SYSTEM FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT FROM NATURAL DISASTERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-535-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years around the world, and in particular in Bulgaria, there is a reported increase in the number and intensity of disasters caused by natural phenomena. An increase is observed in the adverse effects of disasters on social relations, economic growth and sustainable development of the country. The purpose of the paper is to propose a general framework of information system for integrated risk assessment from natural disasters with the help of modern information and communication technologies. Innovative and classical techniques (quantitative and qualitative approaches, deterministic and stochastic methods, intelligent methods as fuzzy logic and neural networks, etc.) are applied in the overall process of the risk assessment (IEC/ISO 31010:2009): risk identification (identification of single and multiple natural disasters), risk analysis (determination of the disaster probability/intensity; interdependence of multiple disasters; exposure; object vulnerabilities; social, ecological and economical consequences) and risk evaluation. The information system is designed on the principle of modules which implement interaction with geographical information system (GIS) and heterogeneous databases containing information about the monitored objects and potential natural disasters in Bulgaria. The information system will use cloud computing and online network for exchange of heterogeneous databases and expertise for the risks from natural disasters. The proposed information system could successfully assist all stakeholders about risk assessment of the monitored objects before, during or after the occurrence of natural disasters. This system could be considered as a unified platform for interdisciplinary research concerning natural disasters.</p>
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