Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ideology Indonesia

Academic literature on the topic 'Ideology Indonesia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ideology Indonesia"

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Triwahyuningsih, Susani, and Herma Yusti. "MASIFIKASI PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA." PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL 4, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/multikultural.v4i2.8046.

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Pancasila merupakan ideologi bangsa, yang juga sebagai salah satu sumber ilmu pengetahuan yang harus dipelajari oleh setiap subyek bangsa, khususnya kalangan pembelajar. Mereka harus paham hakikat urgensinya ideologi Pancasila. Kalau hal ini bisa terwujud secara masif dalam kehidupan bangsa ini, maka akan menjadi kekuatan besar atau fundamental untuk menghadapi atau mencegah ideologi yang dsebarkan oleh komunitas teroris. Para teroris tidak akan berhenti melancarkan serangan secara fisik dengan segala instrument kekerasan maupun dengan menggunakan serangan ideologis, yang diantaranya menggunakan doktrin ideologisnya untuk melemahkan dan menghancurkan ideologi Pancasila. Jika hal ini bisa dilakukan dan diterima Sebagian bangsa secara terus menerus, maka tentulah menjadi problem ancaman yang serius.Kata kunci: pendidikan, pencegahan, terorisme, doktrin, ideologi Pancasila is the ideology of the nation, which is also a source of knowledge that must be studied by every subject of the nation, especially among students. They must understand the essence of the urgency of the Pancasila ideology. If this can be massively realized in the life of this nation, it will become a major or fundamental force to face or prevent the ideology spread by the terrorist community. The terrorists will not stop launching attacks physically with all instruments of violence or by using ideological attacks, which include using their ideological doctrine to weaken and destroy the Pancasila ideology. If this can be done and accepted by some nations on an ongoing basis, then it will certainly become a serious threat problem.Keywords: education, prevention, terrorism, doctrine, ideology
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Latupeirissa, David Samuel, and Zummy Anselmus Dami. "IDEOLOGI BAHASA POLITIK SOEKARNO: SARANA KETAHANAN, KEAMANAN, DAN PERDAMAIAN INDONESIA." Aksara 31, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v31i2.364.251-268.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menggali ideologi yang terkandung dalam bahasa politik Soekarno selaku salah satu tokoh pendiri bangsa dan proklamator kemerdekaan NKRI, (2) menggali motivasi yang ada di balik lahirnya ideologi dalam bahasa tersebut, dan (3) melihat perubahan sosial budaya sebagai dampak dari ideologi bahasa politik Soekarno. Untuk mencapai ketiga tujuan penelitian di atas, peneliti menggunakan Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) model Fairclough (1989, 1995, 2005, 2006) sebagai teori utama, dan teori Ideologi sebagai teori pendukung. Metode yang diterapkan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode dokumentasi, sedangkan metode yang diterapkan dalam analisis data adalah metode deskripstif kualitatif yang diterapkan berdasarkan tiga level analisis AWK Fairclough. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ideologi yang terkandung dalam bahasa Soekarno adalah ideologi ‘persatuan dan kesatuan sebagai hal yang penting’, ideologi ‘revolusi adalah bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari jiwa bangsa Indonesia’, dan ideologi ‘imperialisme sebagai musuh utama bangsa Indonesia’. Ideologi tersebut perlu dihidupi sebagai salah satu strategi demi menjaga ketahanan, keamanan, dan perdamaian Indonesia. Selanjutnya, ideologi tersebut dilatari oleh keadaan bangsa yang plural dan kesadaran bahwa sifat statis adalah penghalang kemajuan bangsa. Kandungan ideologi dimaksud membawa perubahan dalam cara berkomunikasi dan cara hidup bangsa Indonesia.Kata kunci: ideologi, bahasa politik, analisis wacana kritis AbstractThe current study aims at: (1) to explore the ideology conceived in Soekarno’s political language as one of the nation founding fathers and the proclaimer of Indonesia independence, (2) to explore the motivations behind the birth of ideology in the language, and (3) to see the socio-cultural changes as the result of Soekarno’s political ideology. To achieve the research objectives, researcher used Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (CDA) of Fairclough (1989, 1995, 2005, 2006) as the main theory, and the theory of Ideology as a supporting theory. The method applied in data collection was documentation method, while the method applied in data analysis was descriptive qualitative method that applied based on three analysis levels of Fairclough CDA theory. The results show that the ideology contained in Soekarno’s political language is the ideology of ‘unity as an important thing’, the ideology of ‘revolution as an integral part of the Indonesian nation soul’, and the ideology of ‘imperialism as the main enemy of the Indonesia’. The ideology needs to be lived for the sake of Indonesia’s endurance, security and peace. Furthermore, the ideology is based on a plural nation state and the realization that static nature is a barrier to the progress of a nation. The ideology contents have brought changes in the way of communication and the way of Indonesian nation life.Keywords: ideology, political language, critical discourse analysis
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Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. "KONSEPSI MANUSIA INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF IDEOLOGI HUKUM INDONESIA." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 30, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.29781.

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AbstractThe concept of Indonesian in Indonesia Legal Ideology Perspective is the concept of Indonesian as holistic unity which has physical and psychological nature. Indonesian shall be human who lives based on Pancasila values and lives based on the law where Pancasila is the ideology. Epistemological truth of Indonesian is human who believes in God, well behaved to others and to the world. The purpose of Indonesian is to live harmoniously with himself / herself, with the world, and with God; therefore, Indonesian can live peacefully and happily. IntisariKonsepsi manusia Indonesia dalam perspektif Ideologi Hukum Indonesia adalah konsep bahwa manusia Indonesia merupakan kesatuan holistik yang bersifat batin dan lahir dari manusia itu sendiri. Manusia Indonesia adalah manusia yang hidup berlandaskan nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila dan hidup berdasarkan hukum yang berideologi Pancasila. Kebenaran epistimologi manusia Indonesia adalah manusia yang bertakwa kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa dan berperilaku baik pada sesamanya dan alam semesta. Tujuan dari manusia Indonesia adalah untuk dapat hidup serasi dengan dirinya sendiri, dengan alam, dan dengan Tuhan yang Maha Esa, sehingga manusia Indonesia dapat hidup dengan penuh kedamaian dan kebahagiaan.
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Darmawan, Iwan, and Roby Satya Nugraha. "IDEOLOGI PANCASILA SUATU REFLEKSI DAN PROYEKSI AKAR KEBANGSAAN INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALIRAN FILSAFAT HUKUM SOCIOLOGICAL JURISPRUDENCE." PALAR | PAKUAN LAW REVIEW 7, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/palar.v7i2.3781.

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Abstrak Tujuan untuk dilakukannya penelitian ini ialah untuk menjabarkan bahwa Pancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa Indonesia, pada hakikatnya adalah suatu refleksi kebangsaan Indonesia, yang terlahir dari bangsa yang memiliki kegemilangan di masa lampau dan menjadi pusaka bagi generasi selanjutnya sepanjang masa. Pancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa Indonesia mengandung makna yang holistik dan mendalam, tidak hanya sebagai dasar atau landasan dari bangsa dan negara Indonesia, tetapi lebih jauh dari itu ideologi bangsa Indonesia pada hakikatnya adalah tujuan hakiki dari bangsa yang memiliki berbagai dimensi untuk mencapai tujuan yang paripurna. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini ialah dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif ditujukan pada penelitian kepustakaan. Tujuan paripurna yang hendak dicapai itu tidak lain yaitu terwujudnya Bangsa dan Negara Indonesia yang adil dan makmur tidak hanya slogan, moto, atau simbolis apalagi suatu mimpi yang tak bertepi sehingga menjadi ilusi, tetapi tujuan yang memang seharusnya diperjuangkan oleh semua elemen bangsa sebagai suatu keniscayaan. Kata kunci : Ideologi, Pancasila, Bangsa Indonesia. Abstract The purpose of this research is to describe that Pancasila as the ideology of the Indonesian nation is, in essence, a reflection of the Indonesian nationality, which was born from a nation that had glorious past and became an heirloom for future generations throughout the ages. Pancasila as the ideology of the Indonesian nation contains a holistic and deep meaning, not only as the basis or foundation of the Indonesian nation and state, but further than that the ideology of the Indonesian nation is essentially the ultimate goal of a nation that has various dimensions to achieve a plenary goal. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach aimed at library research. The plenary goal to be achieved is none other than the realization of a just and prosperous Indonesian Nation and State, not only a slogan, motto, or symbol, let alone an endless dream so that it becomes an illusion, but a goal that all elements of the nation should strive for as a necessity. Keywords: Ideology, Pancasila, Indonesian Nation.
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Mauna, Duta, and Anita Trisiana. "IMPLEMENTASI PANCASILA DALAM KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA." Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan 10, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/jgz.v10i2.4915.

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ABSTRAK Kondisi Indonesia saat ini dapat dilihat dari perilaku dan kepribadian masyarakat indonesia, sebagaimana tercermin dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Di jaman sekarang ini banyak pemuda yang tidak mengimplementasikan pancasila dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, maka dari itu sebagai warga negara Indonesia yang baik pemuda harus dapat memahami dan mengamalkan nilai-nilai yang tertuang didalam pancasila sebagai dasar negara dan ideologi bangsa Indonesia. Agar terwujudnya pelaksanaan ideologi pancasila dengan baik dikalangan masyarakat. Kata kunci : Ideologi, pancasila, implementasi, dasar negara, masyarakat ABSTRACT The current condition of Indonesia can be seen from the behavior and personality of the Indonesian people, as reflected in daily life. In this day and age there are many youths who do not implement Pancasila in their daily lives, therefore as good citizens, youths must be able to understand and implement the values contained in Pancasila as the basis of the state and the nation's ideology. In order to realize the implementation of the Pancasila ideology well in the community. Keywords: Ideology, Pancasila, implementation, state foundation, society
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Ali, Arhamuddin. "Music in Indonesia on the Ideological Debates in the Soekarnoian Era." Journal of Music Science, Technology, and Industry 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/jomsti.v2i1.602.

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The aim of this article is to explain about a position of music on the ideology debate in Indonesia of Soekarnoian era. The defined ideology debate that is between a concept of Soekarno about Nasakom (an acronym of Nasionalisme, Agama, Komunis or Nationalism, Religion, Communist) and a market ideology (entertainment). Each of these ideologies affects a reality of music at that time, both its creation and its presentation. Based on it, a collected data is derived from various resources, such as observations, interviews, documents, and audio and video recordings. The data is analyzed using Davis’s concept of art and ideology and Navits’s concept of art and identity. There are three founded conclusions, namely, firstly, Indonesia in Soekarnoian era was being held to seek the identity by inventorying a local music in Indonesia and introducing to the international arena; secondly, Soekarno seceded from the culture of Nekolim by categorizing a good and bad music for Indonesian; and thirdly, it was occurred the ideology debate between the musicians and the government in the Indonesian cultural politics of Soekarnoian era. This debate had put the music in an un-neutral field in fact as a traumatic language that had rose from a personal will of creator. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan tentang posisi musik pada perdebatan ideologi di Indonesia era Soekarno. Debat ideologi yang maksud yaitu antara konsep Soekarno tentang Nasakom (akronim Nasionalisme, Agama, Komunis atau Nasionalisme, Agama, Komunis) dan ideologi pasar (hiburan). Masing-masing ideologi ini mempengaruhi realitas musik pada waktu itu, baik kreasi maupun presentasinya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, data tulisan ini berasal dari berbagai sumber daya, seperti observasi, wawancara, dokumen, dan rekaman audio dan video. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan konsep seni dan ideologi Davis dan konsep seni dan identitas Navits. Ada tiga kesimpulan yang dibuat, yaitu, pertama, Indonesia di era Soekarno dilakukan untuk mencari identitas dengan menginventarisasi musik lokal di Indonesia dan memperkenalkan ke arena internasional; kedua, Soekarno melepaskan diri dari budaya Nekolim dengan mengkategorikan musik yang baik dan yang buruk untuk Indonesia; dan ketiga, terjadi perdebatan ideologi antara musisi dan pemerintah dalam politik kebudayaan Indonesia era Soekarno. Perdebatan ini telah menempatkan musik sebagai bidang yang tidak netral dan pada kenyataannya sebagai bahasa traumatik yang muncul dari keinginan personal pencipta.
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Raeinady, Vhiasyah, and Jagad Aditya Dewantara. "PEMIKIRAN SOEKARNO DALAM AJARAN MARHAENISME." Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31316/jk.v5i2.2293.

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AbstrakTulisan ini menjelaskan sebuah konsep dari pemikiran Soekarno mengenai Marhaenisme yang dianalis dan dibedah sesuai dengan sumber kepustakaan yang ada. Kemudian, berisi sebuah wacana terhadap Indonesia tentang kewajiban pemerintah melindungi kaum Marhaen di tengah pandemi covid-19. Marhaenisme identik sebuah ideologi perjuangan yang melawan kapitalisme yang tumbuh dan berkembang di dunia ini. Marhaenisme lahir dan tumbuh berdasarkan rasa senasib dan sepenanggungan yang diakibatkan oleh kolonialisme dan imperialisme. Akibat penjajahan yang dilakukan oleh bangsa asing membuat rakyat Indonesia hidup dalam penuh penderitaan dan kesengsaraan. Dengan adanya ideologi ini diharapkan Indonesia yang terjajah segera bangkit dan pulih kembali. Kemudian, mampu mengelola kekayaan negeri sendiri tanpa tunduk kepada orang lain. Marhaenisme berusaha menghapus segala bentuk pertentangan dan perbedaan dalam kehidupan. Dalam hal ini, ideologi tersebut berusaha menjadi pembeda dengan ideologi lainnya.Kata kunci: Soekarno, Marhaenisme, Ideologi AbstractThis paper describes a concept from Soekarno's thoughts on marhaenism which is analyzed and dissected according to the available literature sources. Then it contains a discourse against Indonesia about the government's obligation to protect the Marhaen in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. Marhaenism is identical to an ideology of struggle against capitalism that grows and develops in this world. Marhaenism was born and grew based on a sense of shared destiny and shared responsibility caused by colonialism and imperialism. As a result of colonization by foreign nations, the Indonesian people live in full of suffering and misery. With this ideology, it is hoped that colonized Indonesia will soon rise and recover. Then, they are able to manage the wealth of their own country without submitting to others. Marhaenism tries to erase all forms of contradictions and differences in life. In this case, ideology is made trying to be different from other ideologies.Keywords: Soekarno, Marhaenism, Ideology
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Ginanjar, Bakdal, Chattri Sigit Widyastuti, and Sumarlam Sumarlam. "Ideology representation in the editorial of Koran Tempo and Kompas on COVID-19 handling in Indonesia." Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya 50, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v50i12022p113.

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Ideology representation in the editorial of Koran Tempo and Kompas on COVID-19 handling in IndonesiaThis article examines the editorials in Koran Tempo and Kompas in representing their ideology of COVID-19 handling in Indonesia. This linguistic research is conducted qualitative­ly. The data were in the form of Indonesian-language editorial discourse, which discussed the COVID-19 handling in Indonesia. The written research data were taken from national news­papers, namely Koran Tempo and Kompas, and were obtained through the use of listening and note-taking techniques. They were then analyzed using Van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis model. The results of the analysis show that there are differences in the representa­tion of ideology in Koran Tempo and Kompas on COVID-19 handling in Indonesia through their editorials that are systematically constructed in microstructure, superstruc­ture, and macrostructure. In the microstructure, ideology is realized through the lexicon, specifically the use of the dominant persona, use of syntactic structures in the form of active-passive sentences, affirmative sentences, and imperative sentences, as well as the use of repetition styles and metaphors. Koran Tempo uses ideological patterns as actions and ideology beliefs in its superstructure. Meanwhile, Kompas uses ideological patterns as systems of thought and systems of action. The difference between the microstructure and the superstructure results in a different macrostructure. Koran Tempo portrays government as the key stakeholder in handling COVID-19 in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Kompas’ editorial was directed at how the handling of COVID-19 was done through communal actions. The Koran Tempo ideology underlines who has a role in handling COVID-19, while the Kompas ideology focuses at what needs to be done in handling COVID-19.Keywords: critical discourse analysis, editorial discourse, ideology, COVID-19Representasi ideologi dalam tajuk Koran Tempo dan Kompas tentang penanganan COVID-19 di IndonesiaArtikel ini mengkaji perihal bagaimana tajuk pada Koran Tempo dan Kompas merepresentasikan ideologinya tentang penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif dalam bidang linguistik. Data yang dianalisis berbentuk wacana tajuk berbahasa Indonesia yang berisi tentang penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia. Sumber data penelitian berwujud tertulis yang diambil dari surat kabar nasional: Koran Tempo dan Kompas. Metode simak dan teknik catat dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data. Model analisis wacana kritis dari Van Dijk diterapkan untuk meng­analisis data. Hasil analisis menggambarkan adanya perbedaan representasi ideologi Koran Tempo dan Kompas tentang penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia melalui tajuk yang dikonstruksi secara sistematis dalam struktur mikro, super struktur, dan struktur makro. Dalam struktur mikro, ideologi direalisasikan melalui leksikon, khususnya penggunaan kata persona yang dominan, peng­gunaan struktur sintaksis berupa kalimat aktif-pasif, kalimat berita, dan kalimat perintah, serta pengguna­an gaya repetisi dan metafora. Koran Tempo menggunakan pola ideologi sebagai tindakan dan ideologi sebagai keyakinan dalam super strukturnya. Sebaliknya, Kompas mengguna­kan pola ideologi sebagai sistem pemikiran dan sistem tindakan. Perbedaan struktur mikro dan super struktur tersebut menghasilkan struktur makro yang berbeda pula. Koran Tempo mengangkat tema tentang pemerintah sebagai aktor kunci dalam penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia. Sementara itu, tema tajuk Kompas diarahkan pada penanganan COVID-19 yang dilakukan dengan berbagai tindakan secara bersama-sama. Ideologi Koran Tempo mengarah pada siapa yang berperan dalam penanganan COVID-19, sedangkan ideologi Kompas mengarah pada apa yang perlu dilakukan dalam penanganan COVID-19. Kata kunci: analisis wacana kritis, wacana tajuk, ideologi, COVID-19
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Pratama, Febri Fajar, Ai Kusmiati Asyiah, and Deni Chandra. "Studi Analisis Konsep Ideologi Marhaenisme Sukarno Sebagai Asas Perjuangan Bangsa Indonesia." Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jk.v19i1.33301.

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AbstractIdeology is important in the order of social and state life. Philosophically, the concept of ideology is very subjective. There are those who consider ideology as dogma, while others are concerned with linking ideology as political discourse and political views. Meanwhile, some think that ideology is based on the concrete interests of social class which is marked by the absence of interest on an economic basis. In the socio-historical context of the Indonesian nation, ideology is used as a "tool" for the struggle to form the mental, character, spirit and thoughts of anti-colonialism, so as to create a manifestation of the fundamental values of Indonesia in the form of Pancasila formulated by national figures. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze the concept of Sukarno's Marhaenism ideology which became the forerunner of thoughts/ideas about Pancasila. The method used is concept analysis with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the results show that marhaenism conceptually emphasizes aspects of the struggle of the marhaens, namely the groups exploited by imperialism and capitalism so that they have difficulty being able to prosper themselves. The important elements in the ideology of Marxism are socio-nationalism, socio-democracy, mass-action, machtvorming, non-cooperation, and self-reliance. and self-reliance.--------------AbstrakIdeologi menjadi hal yang penting dalam tatanan kehidupan sosial maupun bernegara. Secara filosofis, konsep ideologi sangatlah subjektif. Ada yang menganggap ideologi sebagai dogma, ada juga yang menyangkutpautkan ideologi sebagai diskursus politik dan pandangan politik. Sedangkan sebagian lagi menganggap ideologi didasarkan pada kepentingan konkret kelas sosial yang ditandai oleh tidak adanya kepentingan atas dasar ekonomi. Dalam sosio-historis bangsa Indonesia, ideologi dijadikan sebagai “alat” perjuangan untuk membentuk mental, karakter, semangat dan pemikiran anti kolonialisme, sehingga terciptalah manifestasi dari nilai-nilai fundamental keindonesiaan berupa Pancasila yang dirumuskan oleh para tokoh nasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis konsep tentang ideologi Marhaenisme Sukarno yang menjadi cikal bakal pemikiran/gagasan mengenai Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis konsep dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa marhaenisme secara konseptual menekankan pada aspek perjuangan kaum marhaen, yaitu kelompok yang dieksploitasi oleh imperialisme dan kapitalisme sehingga mereka kesulitan untuk bisa mensejahterakan dirinya. Adapun unsur-unsur penting dalam ideologi marhaenisme yaitu sosio-nasionalisme, sosio-demokrasi, aksi-massa, machtvorming, non-kooperasi, dan self-reliance.
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Faiq, Muhammad. "Understanding Radicalists and Fundamentalist Islamic Groups in Indonesia: Ideology and Model of Movement." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 13, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v13i1.351.

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Abstract: Since the Reformation Era, various Islamic organizations or groups have emerged in Indonesia with different ideologies and movement models, such as Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), the Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI), the Indonesian Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), and Jemaah Islamiyah. Most Indonesian Muslims do not warmly welcome their presence as the spirit of their struggle is not appropriate with the character and culture of the Indonesian people. They often use violence and even terror in struggling for Islam with the reason of amr ma’ruf nahi munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil). So it is not surprising that the government recently dissolved the HTI and FPI. By using a qualitative approach, this study aims to uncover their ideology and movement model and the ideologies that influence them. From the data obtained from various related literature such as textbooks, journals, and the web, this study finds that these Islamic groups are ideologically influenced by trans-national Islamic groups with fundamentalism and even radicalism characters. They disagree with the Indonesian government system, which is considered secular and incompatible with Islamic values. They often use violence and terror to enforce Islamic shari'ah and even change the NKRI system with the system of Khilafat Islamiyah (Islamic caliphate). Keywords: Radicalist, fundamentalist, Islamic caliphate, shari'ah. Abstrak: Sejak Era Reformasi, berbagai ormas atau kelompok Islam bermunculan di Indonesia dengan ideologi dan model gerakan yang berbeda, seperti Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), Ikhwanul Muslimin Indonesia, Front Pembela Islam (FPI), dan Jemaah Islamiyah. Sebagian besar umat Islam Indonesia tidak menyambut baik kehadiran mereka karena semangat perjuangan mereka tidak sesuai dengan karakter dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia. Mereka sering menggunakan kekerasan bahkan teror dalam memperjuangkan Islam dengan dalih amr ma'ruf nahi munkar. Maka tidak heran jika belakangan ini organisasi tersebut, khususnya HTI dan FPI, dibubarkan oleh pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap ideologi dan model gerakan mereka serta ideologi yang mempengaruhinya. Dari data yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur terkait seperti buku teks, jurnal, dan web, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kelompok-kelompok Islam tersebut secara ideologis dipengaruhi oleh kelompok-kelompok Islam transnasional dengan karakter fundamentalisme bahkan radikalisme. Mereka tidak setuju dengan sistem pemerintahan Indonesia yang dianggap sekuler dan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Mereka kerap menggunakan kekerasan dan teror untuk menegakkan syari'at Islam bahkan mengubah bentuk NKRI (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) dengan sistem Khilafah Islamiyah. Kata kunci: Radikalisme, fundamentalisme, khilafah Islamiyah, syari'at Islam.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ideology Indonesia"

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Jainuri, A. "The formation of the Muḥammadīyah's ideology, 1912-1942 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34523.

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This thesis studies the formation of the basic ideology of the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah during the period 1912--1942, analyzing in particular the fundamental aspects of its religious and social beliefs. The words and deeds of its leaders were crucial during the period in forming the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah's ideology, for these alone provided the basis for the movement's program. Their religious outlook reflected the movement's philosophical view of this world and the role of reason in understanding religion. This view was marked by openness, tolerance, and pluralism in dealing with other ideas, and a belief in the salutary character of change. What set the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah apart from other reformist groups was its insistence that the way to revive belief in and observance of Islamic injunctions was not limited to merely purifying certain aspects of religious practice ('ibadah), especially khilafiyah (controversial) matters such as takhayyul (fancy), bid`ah (innovation), and khurafah (superstition), but in pursuing social reform in line with a theology of practical action. For the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah, basic Islamic teachings served to encourage social responsibility; religious principles thus underlay every action.
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Ismail, Faisal. "Islam, politics and ideology in Indonesia : a study of the process of Muslim acceptance of the Pancasila." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39924.

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The main objective of this study is to analyze three major Indonesian Muslim responses to the Pancasila, the state ideology of Indonesia. The first Muslim response occurred when the Secular Nationalists proposed, shortly before Indonesia's independence in 1945 and again later in the Constituent Assembly debates (1956-1959), that the Pancasila be the basis of state. The second Muslim response to the Pancasila took place in 1978 when the New Order government proposed that the P4 (Guidelines for Understanding and Practicing the Pancasila) be legalized. The Muslims at first objected to both the proposal of the Pancasila as the foundation of the state and that of the P4, but finally acquiesced. Each stage in this process was marked by debate over the role of Islam in Indonesian society and politics, which often led to antagonism between the government and the Muslim community. When the government proposed in 1982 that the Pancasila serve as the sole basis for all political and mass organizations, the third Muslim response occurred. The Muslims' acceptance of this policy marked the end of the government's application of severe policies towards them and has resulted in the former being allowed to play an even greater role in Indonesian politics than had previously been the case.
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Nikolaev, Roman, and Roman Nikolaev. "Varieties of Islamism: Differences in Political Party Ideology in Democracies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621747.

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This dissertation aims to understand how Islamist ideology differs across Islamist political parties in majority-Muslim countries. It asks why, despite drawing from the same religious source, the ideology of Islamist parties differs significantly and ranges from a wide spectrum, reaching from rigid conservative ideologies to flexible and even liberal. In order to address this question, the first step I pursue is to create a classification of different types of Islamism based on a spectrum of Islamist thought and behavior. I call the most literalist approach which aims at top-down Islamization Traditionalist Islamism, while the most flexible variety which argues for a bottom-up approach and relies on secular civil law is is labelled Neo-Islamism. Political parties that do not clearly fall under any of these categories and mix characteristics of both are grouped under the Hybrid Islamism category. I argue that if they could, all Islamist parties would moderate their ideology in order to achieve electoral success. However, both the position of the party vis-a-vis other parties in the system, and a high degree of dependence on an internal clique or an external movement create constraints and limitations which prevent parties from moderating their ideological profile. I find support for my argument by comparing five different Islamist parties in Indonesia. I further strengthen my case by introducing several hadow cases from Turkey, Malaysia and Tajikistan (under the authoritarian regime).
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Wijaya, Trissia. "The political economy of Japanese and Chinese infrastructure financing governance in Indonesia: Organising alliances, institutions, and ideology." Thesis, Wijaya, Trissia (2022) The political economy of Japanese and Chinese infrastructure financing governance in Indonesia: Organising alliances, institutions, and ideology. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/65763/.

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In recent years, Chinese and Japanese infrastructure financing in Southeast Asia has taken different forms, ranging from Official Development Assistance (ODA), commercial loan, export credits, direct outward investment like business-to-business (B-to-B) and public private partnership (PPP). Much of the international relations literature on Chinese and Japanese infrastructure financing argues that these forms of financing are a kind of geoeconomic statecraft. For instance, skeptical accounts tend to identify Chinese infrastructure loans with ‘debt-trap’ phenomena while seeing Japanese loans as balancing Chinese influence. This thesis contests this outside-in perspective and argues that these different forms of infrastructure financing reflect wider power relationships among socio-political and economic groups that are bound together within ideological framework of risk and technical rules. From this perspective, I argue that forms of infrastructure are not a tool to gain leverage over host countries. Neither is it a functional toolkit as the scholarly literature argues. Rather, different forms of infrastructure financing are distinct regulatory strategies by which different social groups develop alliances and unevenly distribute material benefits among them. Therefore, these regulatory strategies are not a given. They are reproduced – materially and ideologically – within the host state over time. To explain the process, the thesis introduces the term ‘regulatory complex’ which denotes an assemblage of institutions as well as ideological frameworks through which different social class forces negotiate compromises and formulate shared interests to sustain particular regulatory strategy. Essential conditions for project financing – the shifting formation of alliances, preferential policies, certain rules and mechanisms, and regulatory reforms – are reshaped through and within the regulatory complex. Regulatory organisations, financing institutions, as well as technocratic agents in infrastructure (or urban development) such as the master plan study team, ad-hoc committee, technical task forces and the like are important parts of this regulatory complex. Using qualitative comparative analysis methods, the thesis traces the dynamics of alliances and the reproduction of Japanese and Chinese regulatory complexes in Indonesia. Supported by case studies, I show how the concept of the regulatory complex offers an understanding of how the social alliances underpinning Japanese and Chinese infrastructure are managed. Crucially, these alliances are undergirded by the broader ideological projects that further build legitimacy for given regulatory strategies. Key findings extend the geographic and comparative research of the current study. Infrastructure financing is inextricably conflict-ridden. Its variegated forms are embedded within complex realities of social and political power structures in host countries and enforced by regulatory complexes over time. Intrinsic to the regulatory complex is that there is a fine line between risk management and conflict management for which both may be locked in the same institutional frame within a given period of time. Within this institutional frame, negotiated compromises among forces take shape – who gets what, when, and how.
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Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.

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[Truncated abstract] As a developing country, Indonesia has been struggling with complex and contentious development issues since Independence in 1945. Despite remarkable economic achievement during the New Order period (1966-1998), poverty has persisted and the benefits of development have been unequally distributed. Social welfare — the system of social security to protect the well-being of the weaker members of society has received little attention in Indonesia, both from the state and from the scholarly community. The historical neglect of social welfare in Indonesia has begun to be addressed recently, with the Social Safety Net (SSN) initiative. SSN is a social welfare program that was launched by the government of Indonesia to mitigate the deleterious impacts of the economic crisis that hit the nation in 1997. This thesis aims to assess how the SSN accommodated the needs and aspirations of poor women, particularly those who live in rural areas. The rural poor deserve attention because poverty in rural areas is widespread and often intractable, and because poverty in rural areas tends to be more invisible than in urban areas. The urban poor are more visible, because they are “in the face” of the powerful every day, and they are more likely to be able to access agencies of power than the rural poor.
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Wirza, Yanty. "Identity, Language Ideology, and Transnational Experiences of Indonesian EFL Learners and Users: A Narrative Study." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492781225459502.

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Cole, Deborah L. "Performing 'unity in diversity' in Indonesian poetry: Voice, ideology, grammar, and change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280597.

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The main insight of this dissertation is that we can commit to recognizing diversity by sounding others' voices with our voices. I argue that articulations of 'unity' using the familiar sounds of linguistic diversity enables ideological change in the practice of performing poetry in Bahasa Indonesia. Multiple types of data in Bahasa Indonesia are examined and presented to support this argument including newspaper articles, literature textbooks, personal interviews, conference papers, and recordings of poetry performances. In these data, we hear a variety of voices in Indonesia articulate two ideologies about the function of literature in society, which are: 'Literature develops the citizens'' and 'Literature enables unity in diversity'. We also hear various voices articulate an ideology about the proper form of performed poetry, which is: 'Proper reading (or sounding) of a poem results from deeply understanding another's heart'. Transcriptions and descriptions of poetry readings illustrate how these ideologies are realized in performance. I have called the complex interaction of these component ideologies 'Language Celebration in Bahasa Indonesia.' This dissertation makes several important contributions. This analysis brings together two separated approaches to language study (i.e., linguistic anthropology and formal linguistics) to show that both are needed to provide an account of an interaction between phonetics and ideologies. Further, this analysis articulates a theory of sound as one kind of physical (or material) aspect of language that can be exploited to produce ideological change. As a reflexive written document, this analysis examines differences between modes of linguistic production, specifically literary and scientific modes. Finally, by analyzing the structural differences between American and Indonesian language ideologies, I demonstrate why these two cultures differently value giving 'voice' to their internally diverse populations. Combining ethnographic description with formal modeling of language, as well as juxtaposing usually separated genres (like poetry and social theory) I hope to enable readers to arrive at empathetic trans-cultural understandings of Other values 'on their own'.
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Riyadi, Abdul Kadir. "Identity on the line : a historical-cultural study of the Indonesian-state ideology of Pancasila." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13909.

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Bibliography: leaves 96-100.
Pancasila, literally meaning "Five Principles", is the philosophical basis on which the modem Republic of Indonesia was established. It was devised in order to fulfil the goals and ends of independence. One such goal is the establishment of religious harmony and tolerance in national life. The aims of this thesis are, in the first place, to explore the importance of such a system as Pancasila, and to provide emphatic interpretation of Pancasila which in essence discloses the dynamics of religious interaction in Indonesia. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is dealing with the historical context out of which Pancasila was found. Here, it is ultimately concerned with the question of the genealogy of Pancasila. It is also dealing with the question of how Sukarno -the first Indonesian president and the father of Pancasila- laid its foundation. The second part is mainly concerned with the questions of, what the elements of Pancasila are, and through what mechanism Pancasila is maintained. Thus, while the first part is historical, the second is cultural, and examines Pancasila from the cultural point of view. Pancasila as a cultural system will be dealt with from two angles, namely Pancasila as an evaluative system, and Pancasila as a symbolic system.
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Herrmann, Johannes. "Unter dem Schatten von Garudas Schwingen Chancen und Probleme nationaler Integration in Indonesien ; Geschichte, Ideologie, Religion, Recht." Wettenberg Herrmann, J-und-J-Verl, 2005. http://www.jhjj.de/files/3937983066.html.

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Osman, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed. "The rise of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia : identity, ideology and religio-political mobilization." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156380.

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This thesis investigates the emergence and growth of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI; Party of Liberation). HTI is a branch of the international movement, Hizb ut-Tahrir. The party has been very successful at utilising political space to recruit and mobilize activists, build loyaI cadres with a deep grasp of its ideology, and most importantly, create a common identity among members. Its ability to forge a collective identity within the movement has led to a high rate of membership retention. Drawing on extensive interviews conducted in the field, the thesis describes the journey a person undergoes before becoming a member of HTI. The interviews will focus on the processes of 'culturing' and socialization to which prospective recruits are subject, which result in behavioural, cognitive and affective changes. It is this transformation that produces a distinctive Hizb ut-Tahrir identity. This study notes that while collective identity is the most important factor in HTI's growth, it is by no means the only one. Other factors have also contributed to its growth. The open political system that followed the collapse of the authoritarian New Order govemment enabled the party to emerge publicly after some two decades of underground activity, and begin overtly recruiting members and launching collective actions. I examine the party's resource mobilization strategies and examine how these strategies have resulted in its successful membership recruitment, raising of funds and expansion of its organizational structure. Consideration is also given to how the party's anti-systemic rationalistic ideology has led to potential members choosing HTI over other Islamist movements in Indonesia. This thesis employs a structural-cognitive approach to understanding the growth of HTI. The political opportunity structure and resource mobilization variant of the social movement theory will be utilized to understand the structural factors that impacted HTI. The cognitive factors will be explained by using the theories of ideology and identity. This theoretical approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of HTI's growth.
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Books on the topic "Ideology Indonesia"

1

Haripin, Muhamad, Adhi Priamarizki, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. The Army and Ideology in Indonesia. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092926.

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Mysticism in Java: Ideology in Indonesia. 2nd ed. Deresan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Kanisius Pub. House, 2005.

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Said, Salim. Legitimizing military rule: Indonesian Armed Forces ideology, 1958-2000. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2006.

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Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam, and the ideology of tolerance. New York: Routledge, 1995.

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McGregor, Katharine E. History in uniform: Military ideology and the construction of Indonesia's past. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2007.

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Group, International Crisis. Indonesia: Jemaah Islamiyah's publishing industry. Jakarta]: International Crisis Group, 2008.

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Ismail, Faisal. Islam, politics and ideology in Indonesia: A study of the process of muslim acceptance of the Pancasila. [S.l: s.n.], 1995.

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Ismail, Faisal. Islamic traditionalism in Indonesia: A study of the Nahdlatul Ulama's early history and religious ideology, 1926-1950. [Jakarta]: Proyek Peningkatan Pengkajian Kerukunan Hidup Umat Beragama, Puslitbang Kehidupan Beragama, Badan Litbang Agama dan Diklat Keagamaan, Departemen Agama R.I., 2003.

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Kuipers, Joel Corneal. Language, identity, and marginality in Indonesia: The changing nature of ritual speech on the Island of Sumba. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Sunarko, A. Dwi Hendro. Ideologi teroris Indonesia. Jakarta: PTIK, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ideology Indonesia"

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Wieringa, Saskia. "Militant Mothers: Gerwani’s Ideology." In Sexual Politics in Indonesia, 232–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403919922_7.

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Bunnell, Frederick. "COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, INDIGENOUS IDEOLOGY, ACTIVIST POLITICS: INDONESIAN NCOS IN THE 1990s." In Making Indonesia, edited by Daniel S. Lev and Ruth T. McVey, 180–206. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501719370-011.

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Kahn, Joel S. "Ideology and Social Structure in Indonesia." In Southeast Asia, 181–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19568-8_14.

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Haripin, Muhamad, Adhi Priamarizki, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. "Introduction." In The Army and Ideology in Indonesia, 1–11. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092926-1.

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Haripin, Muhamad, Adhi Priamarizki, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. "Tentara rakyat and dwifungsi." In The Army and Ideology in Indonesia, 12–22. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092926-2.

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Haripin, Muhamad, Adhi Priamarizki, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. "NKRI harga mati, ketahanan nasional, and MOOTW." In The Army and Ideology in Indonesia, 23–33. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092926-3.

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Haripin, Muhamad, Adhi Priamarizki, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. "‘Proxy war’ and bela negara." In The Army and Ideology in Indonesia, 34–55. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092926-4.

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Haripin, Muhamad, Adhi Priamarizki, and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki. "Conclusion." In The Army and Ideology in Indonesia, 56–58. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003092926-5.

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Ramakrishna, Kumar. "Is Ideology the “Root” of Islamist Terrorism in Indonesia?" In Islamist Terrorism and Militancy in Indonesia, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-194-7_1.

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Honna, Jun. "MILITARY IDEOLOGY IN RESPONSE TO DEMOCRATIC PRESSURE DURING THE LATE SUHARTO ERA: POLITICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS." In Violence and the State in Suharto's Indonesia, edited by Benedict R. O'G Anderson, 54–89. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501719042-004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ideology Indonesia"

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Wirza, Yanty. "EFL and Language Ideology - The Case of Indonesia." In Tenth International Conference on Applied Linguistics and First International Conference on Language, Literature and Culture. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007175708180821.

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Hidayatullah, Moch Syarif. "Against The State Ideology on Islamic Online Media in Indonesia." In International Conference on Culture and Language in Southeast Asia (ICCLAS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icclas-17.2018.15.

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Warjio, Warjio, Syaifuddin Lubis, Yusniar Lubis, and Fajar Ananda. "Islam and State Ideology: Masyumi’s Experience in Indonesian Politics." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences, ICSPS 2019, 12th November 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-11-2019.2293551.

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Rahman, Arif, and Zalik Nuryana. "Islamic Identity and Transitional Democracy in Indonesia: Ideology, Public Sphere and Domination." In Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Environmental Science, Society, and Technology, WESTECH 2018, December 8th, 2018, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-12-2018.2283967.

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Nurhuda, Zamzam. "Ideology of Sayyid Qutb and Movement of Tarbiyah in Indonesia: A Linguistics Approach." In International Conference on Culture and Language in Southeast Asia (ICCLAS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icclas-17.2018.27.

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Aidafitri, Fauziah, Fathia Zahara, and Indayani. "The Influence of Fraud Diamond, Gender, Ethical Ideology on Cheating Behavior of Accounting Student." In Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010524200002900.

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Hariyono, H., P. Handoko, C. Suryawati, and C. Pujimahanani. "Language Ideology of Tengger Community in Tutur District." In Proceedings of the 1st Asian Conference on Humanities, Industry, and Technology for Society, ACHITS 2019, 30-31 July 2019, Surabaya, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-7-2019.2287757.

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Zubair. "Wahhabi’s Influence on ISIS Ideology in Indonesia: A Study on Aman Abdurrahman’s Theological Thoughts." In Proceedings of the 2nd Internasional Conference on Culture and Language in Southeast Asia (ICCLAS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icclas-18.2019.21.

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Sawitri, Sawitri, Bani Sudardi, Wakit Abdullah, and I. Chaya. "Ideology of Bedhayan Dance in Surakarta in Globalization Era." In Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Recent Language, Literature, and Local Culture Studies, BASA, 20-21 September 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2296835.

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Pebrianti, Shany, Aceng Syaifullah, and Dadang Sudana. "Sexual Harassment Against Women on German Online Media: Ideology and Cultural Study." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language and Language Teaching, ICLLT 2019, 12 October, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-10-2019.2292230.

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Reports on the topic "Ideology Indonesia"

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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.

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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.
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