Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Idéologies du 20e siècle'
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Meftah, Mahmoud. "Les élites et les idéologies politiques en Tunisie, de la lutte anticoloniale à la lutte pour le pouvoir." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040068.
Full textStavrinaki, Maria. "Les idéologies de l'œuvre d'art totale : les problématiques de l'union de l'art et de la vie selon quelques architectes allemands et ceux de la Glaeserne Kette en particulier." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010655.
Full textYao, N'Guetta. "Discours et idéologie des manuels scolaires en Espagne du franquisme a la démocratie." Rennes 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN20013.
Full textSubjected to history, school-books are not a place where statement is neutral and, like school itself from which they proceed, they play a big part in the process of socialization of the younger generations. Within the framework of the transition from the pro-franco dictatorship to the post-franco democracy, it is interesting to question oneself about the contents, the discourse that the spanish manuals propose - or rather impose - to children at the level of compulsory schooling (6 to 13 years old). Our study aims at bringing to light what may have changed or remained from one historico-political period to another, accomplishing this particularly through the analysis of themes such as the homeland, Spain, the Spanish great men, the Spanish "we" and lastly the discourse upon school. Those themes constitute the different parts of our study. Whatever are the disciplines that the discourse deals with - history, geography, language, religion or civic, ethic education (or political and social formation) - the discourse in the manuals is based on a privileged contents ("must know") whose communication, entirely active, is far from being just a simple trans- mission of knowledge. The world and its norm of perception are indissociable, and beyond the transmission of knowledge - or on this very pretext - the discourse aims at inserting the child in a given ideological field that it wants to reveal to him. The assessment of Spain, of the historic men, of the "we" that must resorb the individuality of any spanishman, depends on historically situated interests. The discourse in the books depends on its situation. If the change from franquism to democracy implies some evolution of its contents, we also note the existence of constants, common elements to both contexts. On the other hand, the functioning, the orientation of the educational message remain the same, in their main charateristics
Antin, de Vaillac Dominique d'. "L'invention des Landes : structures et idéologies dans les Landes de Gascogne, XIXème XXème siècles." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40017.
Full textThe "Landes de Gascogne" were perceived during all the XIXth century like a territory escaping the influence from dominant civilisation. How the modern State, with the catches wth the ethnic singularity, could make enter inrepublican order thes populati,ns who were judged in major shift as wellwith manners as with the modes of organosation of the dominant society ? Through the work of construction of the modern "Lanfes" indissociable of the creation of th largest forest in Europe, appears decoupling between social realities. .
Rimbot, Emmanuelle. "L'articulation entre discours sur l'identité et idéologie politique dans la nouvelle chanson chilienne de l'Unité populaire à la transition démocratique." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030138.
Full textNueva Canción Chilena (Chilean New Song) and subsequent Canto Nuevo (songs critical of the Pinochet regime produced within Chile during the military dictatorship) constitute two successive processes of artistic and militant commitment in the fields of popular culture and political action. This dissertation examines a broad corpus of songs written and performed over a period of 25 years: from the “Revolution in Liberty” undertaken by Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei (1964-1970) to the democratic transition ushered by the Concertation of Parties for Democracy through the 1989 referendum. The time period covered by this study thus includes the one thousand days of Salvador Allende’s popular government (1970-1973), during which the “Chilean Way to Socialism” was initiated, as well as the seventeen-year-long military regime headed by General Augusto Pinochet (1973-1989). Through an analysis of the songs written and performed during this period of upheavals, this study attempts to elucidate the meaning of texts as it is produced by the interaction of the artist’s creative project with the forms of reception of that project. This analysis is based on interviews with the artists and on press archives from the period. I propose a reflection that focuses, on one hand, on the specificities of Nueva Canción Chilena and Canto Nuevo and, on the other hand, on the social function of popular song, construed both as a discourse on national identity and as the process of formation of a collective political front of action through culture. The palimpsest of a still vital memory, these songs contributed to the crystallization of an opposition to the military regime. Chilean popular song partook in the conscious and intuitive construction of memory, against a political apparatus that strove to neutralize it
Melki, Mickaël. "Les interactions directes et indirectes entre idéologie et croissance économique : Cinq essais appliqués au cas français,1870-2011." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767439.
Full textRodrigues, Denis. "L'enseignement de la civilisation hispanique en France : discours et idéologie des manuels à l'usage du second cycle : 1949-1985." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20021.
Full textAfter a general introduction which proposes a history of Spanish civilisation teaching in France, this thesis analyses the speech and ideology in the second cycles-schoolbooks, produced between 1949 and 1985. It makes appear two main periods: 1949 1969 and 1969 1985. The first part shows that, until 1969, this teaching is found on the geographical and historical description of Spain, based on the great republican principles : unity of the nation, unity of the social body; teaching which is anachronic and moralizing. The second part analyses the populist and third-world options taken from 1969 to describe the social effects of the franquist dictatorship, and the social, cultural and political reality of south-American. This teaching is ideologically based on the human rights philosophy : it is concretely antifranquist and anti-American and considers the Cuban experience as a possible solution to infrahuman situations of south-America. The author makes appear with a frequency analyse that, among the different sources of the compilers, two main figures emerge, M. De Unamuno until 1969, P. Neruda, between 1969 and 1985
Antoine, Michel. "Affiliation à un syndicat d'enseignants américain : procédure et idéologie." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040143.
Full textAmerican teachers have acted as pioneers as regards union representation rights for public employees. However, in the early 1980s they were placed in many different circumstances as to the exercise of such rights. Depending on the state in which they worked, on the level at which they taught and on the public or private status of their schools, some teachers had no union rights while others were obliged to join a union. Besides, the procedure for forming a local union was in many cases so heavy that it overshadowed the ideological dimension of unionization. This dissertation is divided into three parts. The first one traces the evolution of American teachers' organizations and of the organizing process from an ideological point of view. The second one uses the example of Lycée français de New York from 1981 to 1985 to study the complexities of the certification procedure which teachers in private institutions had to follow at that time. The third one analyzes Albert Shanker's weekly columns in the New York Times to comprehend the ideas put forward by the American Federation of Teachers, a public school teachers' union which also organizes private school teachers on a small scale
Desbarats, Francis. "Origines, conditions et perspectives idéologiques de l'enseignement du cinéma dans les lycées." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20088.
Full textThis study is centered around the creation of cinema sections in highschools which were instituted in 1984 in fourteen schools and then extended to a hundred because these sections served as an experiment for new pedagogical techniques as well as for new institutional structures. Our first part examines to what degree the creation of these classes resulted from the 1981 political cahnges in the French Department of Education and in the Ministry for the Arts, in universities, clubs and even in the sphere of professional cinematography. We then turn to the specific concepts and frameworks born from the teaching of cinema, which have not always been foreseeable. Our second part offers a historical exploration of the political and cultural factors behind the 1984 decision. In this perspective, we go back to the relationship between cinema and schools while highlighting historical Landmarks such as Freinet's 1927 pedagogical method and the various approaches brought forth by the Résistance or the events in May 1968. We present the protagonists of this evolution, ranging from the origins of pedagogical innovations to post-war cinephiles including the contribution of semiotics after 1965. Not withstanding the great vitality of post-war film societies, we note that on an institutional level nothing truly has come to anything. However, during the 70's, several isolated experiences are noteworthy stepping stones for the future although suffering from lack of support alternatively with indifference on the part of the Ministries. Our third part analyses, through the official texts and pedagogical documents, the three different ideological models used for the teaching of cinema since its creation in 1984. The first one adapts the slightly over-simplified rigor applied to the teaching of French labelled ± methodic reading α to cinematography. The second one, which aims at diluting cinematography in the less clearly defined audiovisual domain, was conceived around the fine arts, according to the subversive stance which this discipline took around 1970 in order to redefine and strengthen itself. The third one, connected to the concept of cinephile as it was enacted through the choices made in ± Les Cahiers du cinéma α and reasserted between 1951 and 2001, highlights achievement and heritage in a teaching perspective. We perceive the current importance of this school of thought through the rôle played by Alain Bergala in the creation of the new PAC cinema classes since 2000
Radtchenko-Draillard, Svetlana. "L'étude psychanalytique de la résolution des conflits dans les interactions internationales et la négociation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC135.
Full textThe very essence of man’s existence is constituted from drives, which are of a similar order in all human beings and aim at the satisfaction of primal desires in permanent latent or manifest conflicts. Civilization is the necessary path from family to humanity; it is inextricably linked to the innate conflict of the eternal struggle between Eros and Thanatos. In accordance with this idea and in the work of Freud, Lacan, Jung, Binswanger, etc., my doctoral research examines the relation between intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroupal, intergroupal, international conflicts and their specific impact on international interactions. The resolution of these conflicts involves a choice between two or more equally possible, yet sometimes contradictory, solutions (war or peace, hostility or diplomacy, etc.). This choice is often determined by international negotiations, and can be understood through psychoanalytical vectors such as identity issues, the impact of bilingualism on intercultural interactions, and political discourse, etc. The implications of this doctoral research are to evaluate the role and the consequences of principal negotiations in the resolution of international conflicts before and during the Word War II, 1918-1945, and during the Cold War -1945-1991
Barqani, Mina. "Idéologie et structures narratives dans le roman Al-Su'âl "La Question" de Gâlib Halasâ." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081921.
Full textCarbou, Jacques. "La critique sociale de Raymond Ruyer." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030078.
Full textRaymond Ruyer’s social critic, French philosopher, is a part of his works, mainly known for philosophy of science and philosophy of biology books, whose originality was underlined as early as 1947. We point out that social critic originates with his Doctorate essay "The Future of Humanity according to Cournot", in 1930, carries on with the studies on utopias. His philosophy unified to science is articulated to the social critic thanks to his original philosophy of values unfolded since 1948. It would be a mistake, in our opinion, to ignore Ruyer’s social critic and we submit here for the first time a survey of Ruyer’s ideas on human societies and their development
Fraixe, Catherine. "Art français ou art européen ? : l'histoire de l'art moderne en France : culture, politique et récits historiques, 1900-1960." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0115.
Full textThis thesis studies a series of « histories of modern art », which circulated in France between 1900 and 1960, as a « hypertext» whose transformations can be understood as political reinterpretations of the same question, that is the form of the community they« describe ». Thus in the first half of the XX th Century, those narratives establish complex relations, and sharp distinctions, between «nation» and «Europe », «people» and «elites », «ethnic groups» and «races ». The organicist model the Third Republic favoured around 1900 and which triumphed al the Salon d'Automne would structure during three decades a narrative which referred either to the so-called psychology of the peoples or to the creative power of an elite, which according to the Action française, would save a Western Civilisation rooted in a Latin tradition. At the end of 1920s, the imperialist model of a « French Europe », dear to the maurrassians, coexisted with a narrative stressing the ethnic caracteristics of each « Europeân people ». Ln the early 30s, the political myth of a Latin Civilisation was at last dispeIIed in favour of the biological conception of a « Latin Europe » composed of ethnie groups belonging to the same « racial type ». A new « history of art» was designed to spread ideas similar to those of the diverse European fascisms. The «history of modern art », focused on international avant-gardes expressing the values of the « free world », that American and European groups tried to impose in the early 1950s, would then conflict not only with nationalist representations but also with the supranational, ethno-racial, « European » models of the interwar period
Remy, Isabelle Patricia. "Sport et politiques municipales : étude comparative des options idéologiques et des stratégies sportives de Saint-Denis et Neuilly-sur-Seine au cours du XXe siècle." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H022.
Full textSaint-Denis and Neuilly-sur-Seine, municipalities of Parisian suburbs, show their lasting antagonistic political obedience, through the means and ways of testing the reality of the concomitant and close connection that exists between a specific political ideology and the elaboration of sports strategies. The methodology used lies in a comparative analysis of documentary corpus based on municipal archives, allowing to show- over a century- the logics of the sports policy, their ruptures and continuity, while taking into account their particular goals, through their sociopolitical composition, their sports urban spaces and the offer of sporting and physical activities. The political reflexivity on the social field witnesses the emergence of an interventionist pattern for the communist town of Saint-Denis and a non-interventionist one for Neuilly-surSeine, higMy representative of right-wing liberalism
Fuchs, Julien. "Les organisations de jeunesse d'Alsace (fin de la Grande Guerre - début des années 1970) : histoire d'une idéologie éducative." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20053.
Full textThis research deals with "socio-educational" youth organisations in Alsace. From the end of the first world war until the beginning of the years 1970, these organisations follow a singular path, which is closely link to the history of this region. The aim of the study is to analyze the patterns prevailing in the supervision of young people in these groups. This work is shaped by the institutional schemes affecting these patterns, the ideologies legitimising them and the sociabilities experienced by boys and girls in these groups. Our analysis is built around five periods. Between 1918 and 1932, the organisations innovate on a pedagogical level and are structured by deep inter-confessional tensions. From 1932 on, the birth of news groupings and the bearing of fascism alter this trend : the years 1930 are fair and troubled at once. Our third part deals with the challenge of daily life under nazi oppression. War is a time when the ideals of these organisations are put to the lest. A fourth part (1945-1958) underlines the role of these organisations in rebuilding a French Alsace. They experience a golden period then, in the context of the "popular education". As of 1958, their place in society change, mainly given the new relations they entertain with the French state. Yet, out of step with the social evolution, they are criticized. Despite their will to adjust, they are put into question in the beginning of the year 1970. They will then turn to other ways of sunctioning. This study is based both on public and private sources. Oral testimonies are also widely used. This reearch ultimately shows that the particular historical and social ground of Alsace is a revealer of means and issues of youth "socio-educational" supervision
Donatien-Yssa, Patricia. ""Africobra" : esthétique et idéologie de l'expression plastique noire-américaine." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2009.
Full textAfricobra, aesthetics and ideology of afro-american visual arts relates the evolution of painting and sculpture in the black community of the united states from slavery to 1960. It particularly insists on the aesthetic changes that took place during the Harlem renaissance and the revolutionary period of the 60's and 70's. This work examines the aesthetics and the ideology of the afro-american visual arts, essentially between the 60's and the 80’s. More precisely through the study of the works of the Africobra group, a group of then black artists who were deeply involved in the political struggle of the 60's and 70's and in the search for new aesthetic concepts. It also takes an active interest in the problem of the cultural identity and in the relation that exists between the ideological discourse and the pictural language, showing how the members of Africobra urged by their philosophical and political convictions have drawn from the afro-american and african traditions to create an art opened on contemporaneousness and reflecting their aesthetic aspirations
Touton, Isabelle. "L'image du Siècle d'or dans le roman historique espagnol du dernier quart du XXe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20037.
Full textSpanish fascist propaganda has relied on historical myths in order to legitimate the National-Catholic ideology of the regime. What have these myths become after Franco's death ? This thesis investigates the image of the Golden Age offered in Spanish historical novels written after 1975. Considering that the relationship between a literay text and ideology can only be grasped through a process of recontextualization, we offer an overview of several interpretations of the Golden Age itself, as those that can be found in the history of ideas, in the Spanish historical novel prior to 1975 and we also try to sketch a general picture of the social-historical context of postmodernity and postfranquism. We then examine in a sociological approach the vision transmitted by the paratext of sixty novels as well as by the interviews we conducted with about fifteen authors. Finally, we offer an analysis of six novels representative of the last quarter of the Twentieth Century
Marinov, Tchavdar. "L'impasse du passé : la construction de l'identité nationale macédonienne et le conflit politico-historiographique entre la Bulgarie et la Macédoine." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0152.
Full textThe Ph. D. Thesis deals with the argument between Bulgaria and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on history and national identity of Macedonian Slavs. These debates concern the national belonging of a long series of important personalities and events from the past claimed both by Bulgarian and Macedonian nationalism. They concern likewise the vernacular Slavic language spoken in Macedonia, the local folklore and the rights of persons in Bulgaria considering themselves Macedonians. The understating of the genesis and the development of these polemics could be important for the researchers working on political usages of past and on the relationship between historiography and national identity
Seguin, Thomas. "L'imaginaire politique postmoderne : généalogie du contemporain." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30030.
Full textThe sixties and the seventies of the twentieth century have witnessed a condensation of three movements intrinsic to modernity. These years crystallized a philosophical moment of critics towards the Western metaphysics, a scientific moment of redescription of physical reality, and a socio-political moment of cultural transition and value change about the development pattern. The postmodern phenomena is rooted in this context, it is even a product of it. What are the political perspectives of such permeation? The Postmodern embodied a crisis that undermines the great narratives of knowledge but also the great narrative of human emancipation and progress. The political crises indeed coincide with the scientific and intellectual crises. With the Postmodern, disappear and collapse in Western Societies the ideologies on which men believed they were making history. Between Liberalism and Socialism, postmodernism draws an interesting ideological feature we describe and discuss. Our research consists in mapping, on the one hand, the epistemological, philosophical and metaphysical changes, and on the other hand, the social and political changes, that lie at the heart of the notion of postmodernity, or “postmodern transition”. After having underlined the scientific pragmatic, we attempt to broaden the postmodern analysis in the political field by deconstructing the modern politics, its foundations and its governance practices, that we define as homogenization and negation, and through a reflection on the construction of a postmodern politics defined as differentiation and affirmation
Xerri, Catherine. "L'oeuvre d'Antoni Clavé : peinture, idéologie et histoire." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030212.
Full textA. Clave is a contemporary catalonian painter. Born in 1913 he starts off a house-painter in barcelone. He then specializes in cinema posters. Engaged during the civil war in the republican propagenda services he leaves the country in 1939 and establishes himself in paris. His first work is marked by the avant-guarde movement of the 30's. In the 40's his work is influence by the intimist movement. He then developed his own individual style. The last work are full of lyrism and abstaction. Continuity, use of the materials and innovation make the specificity of his work as well as its originality. However the artist refuses any kind of theory about his work, prefering the langage of the painting. He was recognized very early in france and in spain and art dealers promote his work. In the 60's clave is often classifled as a belonging to the "ecole de paris" a definition that is purely formal. The artis always kept in close touch with his fellow country-men and has participated in many collective exhibitions. Although deeply influenced by a very specific spanish culture, his art transcendes regionalism to attain an international dimension thanks to the confluence between french and spanish culture
Grèzes-Rueff, François. "L'argument historique : l'utilisation de l'histoire dans le discours parlementaire (1910-1958)." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20069.
Full textA study on the french politicians'use of historical culture, in parliamentary speeches is a good way to expound three ideas : - the first point deals with the french members of parliament. The study of deputees' social origins cannot account far the nature of their eloguence and their references to history. More than to a social class, the belonging to a "cultural group" may explain the cultural images used ind political discurse. Five cultural tupes have been defined to describe deputees' knouledge : "les primaires" have left school early in their childood ; "les juristes", the lawyers ; "les proprietaires", who have received aristocratic education; "les litteraires" characterizedby the classical and rhetorical culture taught in grammar schools ; "les specialistes", who followed specialized studies (officers, physisians, engineers, etc,) - the second idea concerns the political contrast between the right and the left wings. Historical references extracted from deputees' speeches, tend to show that political choices dop not come as much from ideological commitment as from imagination and sensibility to the past and history. - the tird point develops the idea that, on the early twentieth century, on political stage, the power of concrete action is subsztituting to the ancient efficiencdy of speech
Rohani, Vahid. "Intellectuels persans et occident de mirza aqa xan-e kermani (1855-1896) a jalal al-e ahmad (1923-1969)." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070068.
Full textQuondamatteo, Sara. "L'autre XXème siècle de Czesław Miłosz et Nicola Chiaromonte : histoire d'une formation intellectuelle cosmopolite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL087.
Full textThis thesis sets out to trace the philosophical and literary research that brought Czesław Miłosz and Nicola Chiaromonte together as members of a particular intellectual formation. To understand the nature of their relationship in this intellectual milieu, we have avoided the biographical and interpretative pitfalls that would have reduced the comparative study of the two authors to a sterile search for explicit influences in thought and work. On the contrary, we have brought out the full complexity of their encounter, determined by a very particular historical-political and cultural conjuncture. Czesław Miłosz's voice seems so close to Nicola Chiaromonte's not only because of participation in the same events and the same political climate of the twentieth century, but also thanks to the common attention paid to the need to define an ethical foundation for the freedom of thought, language and human action in a context of widespread massification that has taken on a nefarious magnitude in totalitarian ideologies.From different socio-cultural backgrounds, their research then turned towards an attempt to rediscover the tragic dimension of history, in opposition to the determinisms of the twentieth century that reduced man to an isolated monad, bent to the demands of numerous historical necessities. As Gino Bianco observes, both authors seem to develop a parallel aversion "to historicism based on the conviction that, despite the fury and horror of history, man is an absolute, and that this absolute resides in consciousness".The research, which reveals how Miłosz's and Chiaromonte's thought and writing are in constant oscillation between the socio-political and metaphysical dimensions, is original in that it is largely based on textual analysis. Reflection on the relationship between history and the individual is not at a speculative, theoretical level; on the contrary, it takes place in a writing process that is not detached from the biographical trajectories of the two authors. Both attempt to understand the bewilderment of modern man in the face of history, recognizing themselves first and foremost among those individuals caught in its stranglehold.The texts analyzed reveal the position occupied by both authors in their analyses, namely that of critical spectators of the phenomena described. In the chosen texts, the speaker is also the one who has lived, who remembers and therefore bears witness. It is in the impossibility of separating the man from his experience and the thinker-writer from his judgment and assessments, that Polish researcher W. Karpiński identifies the point of contact between the two authors, to whom he attributes the use of a particular literary form, that of "reality sketches" (szkice rzeczywistości). Karpiński sees their writing as a form of resistance to the manipulations and distortions produced by twentieth-century logocracies, as a reappropriation of the signifying function of the word. It is in this semantic presupposition, in the aspiration to a renewed coincidence between language and reality, that both authors aspire to a renewal of the ethical foundations of modern man. We could even speak of semantic existentialism, for their writing, despite stylistic differences, is driven by the same urgency to respond to ideological propaganda by conducting metalinguistic reflection
Ebah, Mathias Codjo. "L'Afrique au fond des yeux : conceptions contemporaines de l'histoire africaine." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIML006.
Full textFor centuries africa has been at the center of european preocupations. It is evidentz when we study the manuscrit from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. But this continent had rathes been studied with prejudices than with reliable scientific methods. An ever if africa is closer to europe than the other continents, it is presented as isolated un-welcoming, without a true history and above all culturraly empty. If then proved to be of some interest being a continent rich in slaves and manpower. On the contrary, in asia systematic excavations were soon carried out, granding in the title of cradle of civilization. But in fact, for several de cades, thanks to scientific discoveries made by french and americans researchers, we begin to see africa with different way. It is nowadays proved that africa has not only been the cradle of civilization, but also the starting point of cultural and agricultural seats which had a universal unfluence. Africa once more saw itself propelled on the international scene with the colonization which gave the african people the opportunity to regain the control of their destinies. Therefore it is totaly lawful that every partenaires know each other at last, to examine objectiviely of the futur of humanity. For the african people the remebrance of things past must not lead to dejection. It is an exhortation to work. That's why have analized the present economical, social and political situation which is problematic. This report made us elaborate a cultural and economical recovery plan. We do know the difficulties and pitfalls, but thanks to a true awareness and good collaboration with the occident, the african continent can recover its dignity
Pochat, Juliette. "Le système éducatif anglais ou l'éducation faite marché : origines et développement d'une politique." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131009.
Full textThis PhD dissertation analyses the origins and the development of the recent educational policies implemented in England. Its ambition is to explain the causes and effects of the interference of the private sector in the public sector of education. Unlike the studies which adopt an essentially contemporary standpoint on the changes affecting the education system in England today, this work considers the evolution of the English educational ideology and trends since the Enlightenment. As a consequence, our first aim is to define the singularity and the specificity of the “English spirit” in order to understand the causal relations which may exist between politics and ideology. This approach allows us to shed a new light on the policies of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. They are indeed the fruit of a subtle mix of old ideas on the one hand and, on the other hand, of an ideological revival in the light of the popular economic conceptions of the end of the 20th century. New vistas are thus opened up: the importance of ideology, but also of transfers and networks, in the definition and the implementation of policies, is revealed. This work thus takes a historical and transnational look at the educational changes which England has experienced for more than two decades, but it also is a study of the reforms and transfers in the light of the ruling ideology, an analysis of the education market and an assessment of the effects of the British policies on the whole educational community
Haghir, Saeed. "Les sources de l'architecture contemporaine en Iran : (depuis la révolution islamique - 1979)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010518.
Full textVogin, Magali. "Fonctions du mythe dans le cinéma italien de 1960 à 1975 : volonté de détour ou évasion illusoire ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10091.
Full textCoulibaly, Amara. "Le personnage dans l'oeuvre romanesque d'Albert Camus : personnage affranchi ou personnage à thèse ?" Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF20006.
Full textSokolovska, Zorana. "Les débats sur les langues dans une Europe en projet : généalogie discursive, idéologies langagières et constructions (post)nationales au Conseil de l'Europe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC038/document.
Full textThis thesis traces a discursive genealogy of the language debates at the Council of Europe. Through a sociolinguistic and discursive approach to international institutions, different institutional texts produced between 1949 and 2008 are examined in their socio-historically situated conditions of production. The focus is on the (dis)continuity of old language ideologies in the construction of the discourse on linguistic diversity and plurilingualism and on the way the discourse on languages is a terrain which articulates, on the one hand, the ideologies of nation-states, as independent entities,and, on the other hand, the ideologies of the Council of Europe as an international institution that functions on the basis of interstate cooperation. This thesis is a critical reflection on the discourse of celebration and valorization of plurilingualism and linguistic diversity, on the role of (the discourse of) international institutions in the context of the globalized new economy and the internationalization of politics, and on the exercise of symbolic power by means of institutional and discursive apparatus
Le, Moigne Alain. "Marine et ouvriers de la construction navale à l'arsenal de Brest (1918-1970) : du paternalisme d'Etat à la mondialisation économique, un mouvement syndical partagé entre pragmatisme et idéologie." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0038/document.
Full textIn the context of fundamental changes to the french naval military structure, for many decades, the unions at the Brest arsenal are facing haemorrhaging membership at a side which was one of the bastions of Breton worker militancy throughout the 20th century. Confronted by a decline which seems irreversible, the repeated evocation of far off ‘feats of arms’ has helped the development of an image of an establishment in perpetual agitation. Without ignoring the protest culture, obvious at certain times, this research proposes the existence of a union policy guided by a wish for negotiations with a compliant hierarchy rather than systematic opposition. From the social advances between the wars to the end of the decade of the 60s, the research identifies the progress of a workers’ movement adapting to successive changes in the political-economic climate and of the traditional state administration to the notion of productivity hitherto foreign to naval military construction.Though history and memory sometimes diverge, while the arsenal tends to become a strong patrimonial stake, this study will try hard to announce between the myths and the realities by replacing the facts in the successive historic contexts, by restoring in the events the rightful place which they occupied in the life of the workers and the unions and by restoring the implication and the responsibilities of every social player in the functioning and the life of the establishment and also in the constitution of labor aristocracy in the Finistère. As well as cutting a new historical path, it seeks to understand and explain the image of confrontation at the finistère arsenal at the time it transformed into a cornerstone of the heritage of Brest
Nkaka, Raphaël. "L'emprise d'une logique raciale sur la société Rwandaise, 1894-1994." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010548.
Full textThe identification of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa of Rwanda as races had conducted to racial interpretations of those identities, since the end of 19th century. A racist propaganda during the postcolonial period conducted to genocide against Tutsi in 1994
Banadzem, Joseph. "Le Royaume Nso' de l’installation à Kimbo jusqu’à Ngga Bifon I : fonctionnement politique et aspects idéologiques (1780-1947)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010598.
Full textDue to demographic, social, environmental and security reasons, the Nso' dynasty was forced to transfer its political capital in about 1780. The reorganization of the army and social dynamism followed the move to the site. As from the middle of the 19th century, Nso' society developed into a formidable complexity. Various aspects : political, economic, social, judiciary reached a sort of perfection. At the same time, a strong political ideology developed. In economy the kingdom is a raw material belt with the production of iron, kola ivory, tobacco, honey and some cloth. Commerce also developed between this raw material zone and consumer Nigerian cities. Colonization stopped this political experience in 1906, but the German and British colonial systems permitted the Nso to preserve their culture
García-Romeu, José. "Régime autoritaire et littérature en Argentine, 1976-1983 : étude de cas : Respiracion artificial de Ricardo Piglia." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN1268.
Full textZhu, Lei. "La peinture moderne chinoise est-elle née d'une idéologie politique?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030054.
Full textIn China, from the twentieth century, in an attempt to modernize Chinese painting isn't stopping to get closer to the West. This modernity, for Chinese artists, passes through the study of science and technology in the West. But how do these two concepts, the traditional legacy and Western modernity, have articulated in modern Chinese painting? A frequentation of the West by the Chinese Artistes has entrained a rejection of its own values in favour of Westernization? Or a merger has been manifested, founding a Chinese academic art? Finally, how the synthesis of Chinese and Western art tradition has crossed the political upheavals of the twentieth century in China?
Vuong, Thomas. "Usages du sonnet européen (Allemagne, France, Grande-Bretagne, Italie) durant la Seconde Guerre-Mondiale (1939-1945)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD089.
Full textThis study consists in a wide, comprehensive overview of the usages of the poetic form of the sonnet during the Second World War in France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy. Such a process aims at gathering close readings of sonnets, in order to highlight the mechanisms of a blooming form in the midst of a dürftiger Zeit. Many poets resort indeed to the sonnet in order to give a frame to a singular or collective experience of the chaos unleashed throughout Europe.The way these recourses to the sonnet interact with the role of poetry in a time of wide reception and collective crisis will be scrutinized in the light of political commitment, religious or ideological biases and the questioning of the former foundations of Western European culture, all of which can interfere in poetry’s proper motives.This work’s proposal is that the sonnet can be used as an ordered form, either to set a demiurgic stand in front of the chaotic situation of the continent, or so as to accept it. Neither poetic stances do necessarily lead to a disordering of the form itself ; however, both conservative and rejuvenating usages of the sonnet have in common the ability to deeply question poetry’s relation to the world
Regnauld, Amélie. "La RDA en Egypte, 1969-1989 : la construction d'une politique étrangère : de la "solidarité anti-impérialiste" aux "avantages réciproques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010689.
Full textIn a context of historiographical reassessment both in the field of people’s democracies foreign policy studies and transnational research on the Eastern bloc, this thesis explores how the GDR built a two-phase sovereign foreign policy in Egypt, with an overarching motive gradually shifting from the concept of « anti-imperialistic solidarity » to that of « reciprocal advantage ». The present work analyses this shift in agenda from political ideological to economic priorities, beginning with the GDR’s establishment of diplomatic relationship with Cairo in 1969, and ending in 1989 with the early signs of its demise. After an introduction on the funding and structures of East-German activities in Egypt, the study proceeds along three major lines. The first aims at reconstructing the bilateral relationship along a timeline – from revolutionary euphoria to economic pragmatism. The second shows how military-economic-cultural cooperation proves to be a perfect terrain of autonomy in Egypt for the GDR : in this perspective, East-Berlin’s gradual taking into account of its own national interests forces to downplay ideological motives as a key to its foreign policy. The third and last part focuses on the GDR’s network of partners in Egypt. While ideology declines at state level, it gains momentum at regional level asEast Berlin spots new anti-imperialist supporters at local scale. Finally, this work analyses how the Egyptians receive, take possession and eventually advantage of, socialist phraseology
Tshilumba, Kalombo Muadiamvita Gilbert. "Les idéologies politiques africaines: mythe du pouvoir ou instance du développement ?réflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210475.
Full textRéflexion épistémologique sur le nationalisme congolais à la lumière de la théorie rawlsienne de la justice.
Panafricanisme, négritude, consciencisme, socialisme et nationalisme ont eu en gros sur le sol africain, une double mission :-délivrer les pays du joug colonial
sortir ces pays du sous-développement par un travail d’une
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Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Milan, Serge. "L'antiphilosophie futuriste." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040222.
Full textFuturism, founded by F. T. Marinetti in February 1909, is the first artistic avant-garde, as well as a likely milestone concerning post-modernism in Europe Russia, America or Japan. We offer here a conceptual study of the movement's italian manifests ideology, reorganised in a cosmology, a poetic and an anthropology. This approch emphasizes the coherence of this "antiphilosophy", as it was called by futurists themselves, along with the radical anti-naturalism of its heroic nationalist ethics, and the original conceptualisation of certain of its key-notions ("passatismo", "velocità", "sensibilità", "guerra", "macchina", "novità")
Voltzenlogel, Thomas. "Cinémas profanes : une constellation (Danièle Huillet, Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki, Pedro Costa et quelques autres...)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRACO21.
Full textThis research work tries to redefine sensitive and intellectual emancipation that allows some cinematographic experiments. "The Viewer, for the author, is other than another author" wrote Pasolini. Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki and Pedro Costa (but also Jean-Claude Rousseau, James Benning, Robert Kramer, or among young filmmakers, Wang Bing, Albert Serra and Lisandro Alonso) invented cinematographic devices that profane film. By deconstructing the film language, by updating their "artistic frame", profane films release and transmit energy, imagination and production (or creation) capabilities. Profane filmmakers do not declare themselves educators or teachers. Their function is not to communicate a message, give a lesson or to transmit knowledge to the Viewer. They consider the Viewer as an equal, "a potential colleague. They spread the traces of their work in their films. The spectator can then collect these traces in order to reconstruct a method of producing, manufacturing, a film.The transmission of a method (or a creative energy) requires an encounter between a filmmaker who intends to pass - band - know-how, a way to represent, implement image a viewer who recognizes in traces the mastery of the author and wishes to expropriate this know-how and experience
Chatellier, Hildegard. "Conservatisme et fascisme : esthétique et idéologie dans l'oeuvre théorique de la droite littéraire en Allemagne de 1890 à 1933." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040198.
Full textKirtchik, Olessia. "La question agraire en Russie au croisement du pouvoir et des sciences économiques : acteurs et discours (1929-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0042.
Full textDrawing on economic sociology, special history and policy studies, the dissertation examines the metamorphoses of « agrarian question» as a subject of intellectual debate and state intervention from the « great turn » of 1929 until the unveiling of the National Project for the Development of the Agro-1ndustrial Complex in 2005. The study is based on a large corpus of official documents and academic texts in political economy and agrarian economics as well as in depth interviews with economists and other agents of public policy in the agrarian realm. It begins by analyzing the evolution of the Soviet agrarian model until the collapse of the USSR and, for the period starting in 1992, the problematic implementation of structural reforms characterized by the coexistence of incompatible conceptions of the agricultural progresse. It then explores the formation of the current « consensus» which tends to take up old structures and types of discourse while adjusting them to a new context
Bergès, Karine. "Pilar Primo de Rivera (1906-1991) : cause féminine, idéologie phalangiste, stratégies et enjeux politiques dans l'ombre du régime franquiste." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20053.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of the career and ideology of Pilar Primo de Rivera, who was the only major female political figure under Franco's regime. By combining a chronological survey with a thematic perspective, five chapters address the following questions : her political education in the thirties and nomination as national delegate of the Women's Section, including the conflicts in order to extend her hegemony during the Civil War ; the devotion about her figure within the organization and the often conflictual relationships with political and ecclesiastical representatives of the regime ; the analysis of the politics she promoted at the light of her normative and conservative discourse ; the cult of José Antonio and her relationship with Francisco Franco ; her retirement from political office and the critical analysis of her memoirs. The study of those five axes allows us to outline a complex personality, whose way of life and discourses were full of paradoxes
Benamron-Rosner, Juliette. "« Manette et Moïse » : poétique du Juif de fiction dans la littérature, au tournant du siècle 1867-1929." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC036.
Full textAt the dawn of the XIXth century, the acceleration of the history and the secularization which settles down, favor the social integration of the Jew. After 1789, he is emancipated and becomes a citizen. This assimilation accompanies a literary integration : the Jew becomes a fictional character, multiplying his appearances in the french works of the XIXth century. We shall analyze the way the writers put at a distance stereotypes in the elaboration of a Jewish character, to imagine a shady and significant literary and psychological depth. We shall see in what these representations are also marked by a particular historic context, as the Dreyfus affair, for example. What influences the Jewish character has on the action ? Has he a fate ? Does he know love? Has he a permanent identity, or is he sensitive to the change ? The Jewish character creates a particular and problematic narrative identity, dependent on his confession. We shall analyze the being, the making and the telling of the Jewish character, and shall show how the literary construction of the Jewish character also feeds on the dialogue between text and image
Aribit, Frédéric. "André Breton, Georges Bataille : à l'impossible tenus... : essai d'une confrontation interprétative des romans familiaux jusqu'à la seconde guerre mondiale." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1005.
Full textThe aim that has been given to this work is to start one more time the comparison between André Breton and Georges Bataille, starting from the premise of an original way of communication whose direct dialogue is but one of the forms, and trying to clarify its issues in the successively concerned fields of knowledge. Its –diachronic- reasoning starts from the family novels and ends at the beginning of World War II, after a community fervour on each side collapsed, opening a completely different period of the same exchange. It thus goes through a wide period of the history of that comparison, which, among others, deals with the conditions in which they met, how they met with psychoanalysis, the way their philosophical positioning or their ideological inscription on the fringe of the revolutionary left developed. This general approach helps think again about, among others, two especially crucial moments of the discussion, i. E. The violent climax of their 1929-1930 disagreement, and their 1935 attempt to get closer again, on the basis of a political reactivation of the myth. More generally, it invites to ask the question of the relationship to language and poetry, and questions about the incentive to write, suggesting at the same time a crossed foray into the major narrative works of the time. Such a work, as it seems, goes beyond the “literary thing” in the strict sense of the term, or rather takes its place at the meeting point of a set of topics related to the social sciences (philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, art…), precisely where the global thought about man that each of them will have decided to lead is fixed
Desrochers, Julien. "La Rage de Louis Hamelin et le paradoxe sociocritique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23826/23826.pdf.
Full textBehr, Valentin. "Science du passé et politique du présent en Pologne : l'histoire du temps présent (1939-1989), de la Genèse à l'Institut de la Mémoire Nationale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG023/document.
Full textBased on a study of the historiographical literature about the “totalitarian” pasts (nazi and communist) of Poland, this dissertation deals with the relationship between science and politics. The making of the history of these periods is studied from its genesis during the communist era (1945-1989) until the post-communist period started after 1989. Academic and non-academic actors are involved in the historiographical debate. Their stances can be explained by the various positions they occupy in the social space of this debate. The autonomy of this social space is not only limited by an external political constraint, applied by the political power, but also by this space’s internal logic elaborated in response to this outside pressure. The dissertation casts doubt the 1989 caesura in the historiographical literature, and underlines continuities between the Popular Republic of Poland and the current situation
Habib, Boutros. "Les voyageurs français et les réalités socio-politiques libanaises : 1798-1864 : idéologies et mystification." Lyon 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO3A003.
Full textHercend, Olivier. "Le rapport au lecteur dans les textes de T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf et James Joyce." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL169.
Full textThis thesis aims to draw a parallel between the artistic endeavors of T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf and James Joyce, by shedding light on the similarities in their ways of conceptualizing the relation to the reader. Through a comparative study of their works of fiction and essays, as well as the numerous critical sources which have underlined the complexity of their rhetorical and narrative strategies, it reveals the existence of a similar tension in all three authors, which led them to question the very foundations of the interaction over literary texts. After establishing the sociopolitical, narrative, poetic and philosophical ramifications of such a posture, the present study examines classical reception theories, but also the findings of post-marxist pragmatics, hermeneutics and post-structuralist thought, in order to construe a theory of reading that may do justice to the readability and singularity of the corpus. Indeed, against the ideal of irenic communication, founded on the reader faithfully following the intentions of a transcendent Author figure, modernism plays on ambiguity, the transformation and even inversion of roles, and ultimately on the freedom of the instance of reception, as well as its responsibility towards its own interpretation. This is how Joyce, Eliot and Woolf proposed to circumvent the issues of traditional authorship, without falling into the traps of solipsism of the Fascist cult of the Artist as guide. They accepted the unpredictable, revelatory and ever-renewed encounter with this “Other of the text” that the reader truly is
Dusserre-Bresson, Quentin. "Les modes d’habiter périurbains et l’idéologie de la « société des loisirs » : une analyse France-Québec." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100005.
Full textThis thesis analyzes peri-urban living patterns through real estate developer projects from the 1960-1970s in Quebec and France. In fact, developers of Bromont and Estérel in Quebec and Cottages-de-Cernay and Port-Sud in France seize on the ideology of the leisure society to design peri-urban residential complexes. The historical retreat on this urbanistic conception of a periurban inhabitant offers the possibility of a synchronic and diachronic comparison of the appropriation of these residential complexes over the period 1960-2010. The analysis of appropriation is inspired by the conceptual framework and the progressive regressive method of Henri Lefebvre (1974). According to this theoretical framework, the appropriation is defined as a conflictual process between the ideology of the space conceived by the developers and the representations of the inhabitants but also as conflicting relations between the different ways of living these spaces by the inhabitants.This research is based on three types of sources: interviews, newspaper articles and archives. This thesis shows that developers have failed to design a specific way of living that adequately represented their urban project. The research details the complex game of social and political alliances and oppositions in favor of commitment, rejection and / or diversion by the inhabitants in relation to the conception of peri-urban forms of the years 1960-1970. As a result, this thesis provides an innovative view of the different trajectories of peri-urban areas observed since 2010 in France and Quebec
Blin, Fanny. "Les Antigones espagnoles : modalités esthétiques et idéologiques des reprises de la figure mythique, de la Guerre Civile à la Transition." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30024.
Full textEchoing the traumatic conflict within the nation caused by the Civil War and crystallized during Franco’s era, Antigone’s reappearance was extremely intense in Spanish dramatic creation. In contemporary rewritings, the resistance of this tragic character from Greek mythology turned out to be the emblem of a “fairer memory” (Ricoeur, 2000). This work asserts that the Spanish Antigones converge and share a common signification when it comes to rewriting History; and resorts to a comparative study of structures and symbols to shed light on the continuity between the Castilian, Catalan and Galician versions, between those written in exile or not, from 1936 to 1989. In order to establish the common dynamic, eighteen plays are compared, whose key idea is to create a memorial and a redeeming discourse based on the Greek sources but also inspired by other versions of the tragedy. Therefore, the first part examines the strategies implemented to rearrange the mythical pattern, the historical context and the tragic genre. This leads to the conclusion that there is no permanent mythical core nor a fully recurrent referential scheme. As such, the notion of “contemporary (re)configurations” through the prism of politics seems relevant to describe the rewritings. The second part analyses the aesthetic convergences and the recurring themes and metaphors throughout the texts and concludes that in the contemporary Spanish Antigones, the image of the margins embodying exclusion takes on centre stage while the image of the path is resorted to in order to evoke broken destinies and exile. Basically, these plays create a literary tomb for the forgotten deceased but also a monument in honour of the invisible –alive– ones. The aesthetic dimension of this compensatory play requires a reflection upon its cathartic sense in a transforming society during the Transition to democracy. Indeed, the third part of this work focuses on the dramatization of History, making it crucial to study the scenic devices that dismantle the official stories and political myths. This reveals the strategies of “demystification” followed by new mythifications that portray a distorting image of the Spanish community in crisis. Ultimately, these practices of rewriting show that the playwrights conceived their time as an epic and mythical phase which could be purged by theatrical ceremonial thanks to a distancing effect that covers a large prism, from sacred to grotesque