Academic literature on the topic 'Identity (psycological)'

Sexuality is the most complex component, fundamental and main aspects of human behavior and life. Expressions of sexuality and intimacy are important throughout human life.Sexuality itself includes sex, gender identity and role, sexual orientation, eroticism, satisfaction, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, fantasies, beliefs, attitudes, values, behavior, roles and relationships. Although sexuality includes the above dimensions, not everything can be experienced and expressed by everyone. This is influenced by biological, psychological, social, interactions economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, religious and spiritual. Hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus, which can be done by vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic and robotic routes. The definition of "total hysterectomy" is a surgical procedure to remove the entire uterus with its cervix. In total hysterectomy is also accompanied by suturing in the cervix which will leave scar tissue. the uterine ligament is released, the uterosacral ligament cardinal that was previously attached to the cervix is sewn to the side of the vagina to hold the vagina in place. Three main changes after hysterectomy are anatomical changes, hormonal changes, and psycological changes. Hysterectomy effects women’s sexuality on various ways including sexual desire, sexual arousal, dan orgasmKeywords: sexuality, hysterectomy

Sexuality is the most complex component, fundamental and main aspects of human behavior and life. Expressions of sexuality and intimacy are important throughout human life.Sexuality itself includes sex, gender identity and role, sexual orientation, eroticism, satisfaction, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, fantasies, beliefs, attitudes, values, behavior, roles and relationships. Although sexuality includes the above dimensions, not everything can be experienced and expressed by everyone. This is influenced by biological, psychological, social, interactions economic, political, cultural, ethical, legal, religious and spiritual. Hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus, which can be done by vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic and robotic routes. The definition of "total hysterectomy" is a surgical procedure to remove the entire uterus with its cervix. In total hysterectomy is also accompanied by suturing in the cervix which will leave scar tissue. the uterine ligament is released, the uterosacral ligament cardinal that was previously attached to the cervix is sewn to the side of the vagina to hold the vagina in place. Three main changes after hysterectomy are anatomical changes, hormonal changes, and psycological changes. Hysterectomy effects women’s sexuality on various ways including sexual desire, sexual arousal, dan orgasmKeywords: sexuality, hysterectomy

This research aimed for: describing factor that cause of the durating of student completing the thesis in Economic Faculty on State University of Padang. The type of this research is descriptive cuantitative. Population of this researh is the student of Economic Faculty on State university of Padang generatin 2010-2013 where they are complete their thesis. Data collection’s technique with questionarie which use proportional random sampling technique. Sampel for this research is 81 student. Data analysis using descriptive analysis, and exploratory analysis factor.The result from this reseach identify cause the length of the student completing their thesis in Economic Faculty on State University of Padang, and analysis factors being caused is psycological factors, campus environtment factors, family factors, interaction with friend factors, and attention factors. The dominant factor of this research is psycological factors with variabels effective and efficient guidance, less discipline on guidance, more inquired, attention, guidance schedule, interested, motivation, and readiness. The dominant factor make student long to completing their thesis is quidance schedule. Keyword: Thesis Completion, Psycological Factors, Campus Environtment Factors, family factors, interaction with friend factors, and attention factors

Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems among women of reproductive age. It is an important health care problem and may cause physiological as well as psycological stress impairing the quality of life. The aim of this review was to present various management options for women suffering from menorrhagia. An extensive electronic literature search was done using search engines like PubMed and Google scholar using the mesh terms/ key words like “abnormal uterine bleeding, menorrhagia, medical management, hysterectomy” to identify trials and reviews on management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Various pharmacological and surgical treatment options are available, among medical therapy Tranexamic acid being most effective. Second-generation endometrial ablation techniques are effective and safe alternatives compared to first-generation devices. Hysterectomy should be considered as a last resort in management of AUB as this major surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Thus role of clinician is to counsel every women and provide full information regarding both medical as well as surgical treatment modalities available and facilitate them in making an appropriate choice.

Gaucher Disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to glucocerebrosidase deficit. There are three main clinical phenotypes: type I (GD1: non-neuronopathic form), characterized by a visceral involvement that can mimic a hematologic disease; type II (GD2: acute neuropathic form) and type III (GD3) characterized by a slower and progressive neurological involvement. Hematologists have often involved in diagnosis and management of the GD1 patients. Increasing data and our experience show that patients with GD1 may present manifestations of Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity), frequently combined with cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations. The aim of this study is to deeply investigate the neurological and neuropsychiatric aspects in GD1 patients in order to identify clinical and subclinical neurological manifestations, including cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations in this category of patients. This observational, monocentric, and prospective study is planned to enroll 22 GD patients (19 GD1 patients and 3 GD3 patients with or without active neurological signs) aged >12 years. Neurological assessments include: clinical evaluation including Severity Scoring Tool Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale and Epworth Sleepiness scale, psycho-diagnostic tests and psychiatric evaluation using cognitive test battery and two psychiatric (BPRS) and psychological (CBA 2.0) questionnaires, Somatosensory and Motors Evoked Potentials, Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance (MR) 3Tesla, at baseline, after 12 months and 24 months. Preliminary results concerning the baseline evaluation of first cohort of patients are here reported. Since June 2019, 11 patients (10 GD1 and 1 symptomatic GD3) have been enrolled. Neurological impairment according to the major features (Gaucher severity score tool) was found in 4/11 patients: signs of Parkinson disease in 1 GD1 patient, motoneuron disease in 1 GD3 patients, abnormalities in ocular motility and psycho-cognitive disturbances in 2 GD1 patients. Minor features of a neurological impairment was found as follows: bradykinesia in 5 GD1 patients, excessive daytime sleepiness in 5 GD1 patients, and saccadic slowness in 1 GD1 patient. EEG revealed focal or diffuse slow waves in 6 patien patients (5 GD1 and 1 GD3). Cognitive and psychological evaluations revealed the presence of significant psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and physical concerns. Six patients (5 GD1and 1 GD3) surprisingly had sensorineural hearing loss. Auditory Brainstem Response revealed abnormal disyncrony-like morphology and central speech processing in noise in 3 GD1 and in 4 (3 GD1 and 1 GD3) patients, respectively. Ophthalmological evaluation highlighted a normal visus and intraocular pressure in all patients. Moderate alterations of the fundus were present in 2 patients (1 GD1 and 1 GD3) and superficial corneal dystrophies in 3 (2 GD1 and 1 GD3) patients. An increased latency and moderate reduction in the amplitudes of optic nerve function were found in all tested patients. The retinal responses to the Electroretinogram exam were of excellent quality in all but one GD1 patient, who showed slightly reduced responses. The spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examination showed posterior pole alterations in 3 patients (2 GD1 and 1 GD3) and borderline nerve fiber layers of the optic nerve (RNFL) in 3 (2 GD1 and 1 GD3) cases. Our clinical study represents quite an innovative one, since neurological investigations are focused on GD2 and GD3 phenotypes. Neurological involvement with different phenotypical aspects were also found in GD1 patients. Sensorineural hearing loss and central alteration of auditory processing were present in higher incidence compared to the unaffected population. Psychological data din't show significant cognitive impairments, but pointed out some psychiatric aspects, such as anxiety, depression and somatic concerns. MR 3Tesla can be an important tool to better understand these data. Evaluation of the remaining cohort of patients and longer follow-up could confirm that neurological involvement is not exclusive of the type 3 GD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Objective: to identify the patients' discomforts, complications and satisfactions in the postoperative reduction mammaplasty. Methods: this is about a prospective, exploratory and descriptive study, from quantitative approach. The population was performed by 21 patients who underwent to a reduction mammaplasty in a plastic surgery clinic in Taubaté/SP city 2007. Data were collected from August to November 2007 and quantified, analyzed and presented in tables and figures. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Taubaté (0132/07). Results: the mean age was 41.3 years old; as for marital status, the married women were prevailing; among them, 66.67% had children and breastfed. The reason for the surgery that most stood out was the aesthetic. The test performed in the breast, preoperatively, was the USG and mammography. The most cited discomfort in the postoperative period was the lack of sleep position (38.09%). The abcense of any complications was predominant (71.44%), and the patient's satisfaction with the reduction mammaplasty outcomes was excellent (71.44%). Conclusion: the discomforts, complications, and satisfactions postoperative results went beyond the expectations. The patients felt in harmony with their own images, high self-steem, and high physical, psycological and social levels of satisfaction. Descriptors: trends; nursing; rehabilitation.

The objective of this study is to assess the evidence about the demographic transformation of the Down Syndrome population, with a specific focus on prenatal testing, and to identify sources frequently used for demographic assessment of Down Syndrome in the world. We reviewed existing studies on demographic transformations in the population with Down Syndrome, specifically birthrate indicators, under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. The searches were made in Medline (via EBSCO Host), Academic Search Complete (via EBSCO Host), PsycINFO (via EBSCO Host), Web of Science (Core Collection), Public Health Database (via ProQuest), and The Cochrane Library. The terms were developed through Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and American Psycological Asociation Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms (APA). Full texts were reviewed if information was given regarding location and birthrate for a range of three years or more, and if the first and last year considered was within 1960 and 2019. We found 22 references with a period of study between 1960 and 2019 following the global spread of prenatal testing for Down Syndrome. We found a consistent association between prenatal diagnosis and birthrate, enough to explain the significant fall in the prevalence of Down Syndrome, a somewhat rising incidence of Down Syndrome related to increased maternal age and extension of fertility services in healthcare systems, a generalized use of specific congenital birth defect registries as the primary source of data, and an unclear influence of socio-cultural and territorial variables. Our findings can inform research, policy, and practice to improve the reproductive health and quality of life of the population with Down Syndrome.

AbstrakDismenore merupakan gangguan ginekologi yang paling sering ditemukan pada remaja wanita. Dismenore dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu hormonal, psikis, neurologis, dan alergi. Pada keadaan yang berat, dismenore dapat menyebabkan gangguan terhadap aktivitas harian dan sekolah. Telah dilakukan penelitian korelatif pada bulan Maret 2005 dengan 245 responden siswi Sekolah Menengah Atas di Padang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan proportional random sampling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang menstruasi dengan derajat dismenore. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa 30% responden yang mempunyai pengetahuan kurang mengalami dismenore berat. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik dengan menggunakan chi square didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan siswi tentang menstruasi dengan derajat dismenore dengan nilai p = 0,00 Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan remaja tentang menstruasi dengan derajat dismenore, oleh karena itu pemberian informasi tentang menstruasi sangat penting bagi remaja yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang orang tua, guru, konselor maupun tenaga kesehatan. Pengetahuan tentang menstruasi akan memberikan kesiapan psikis pada remaja dalam menghadapi menstruasi khususnya yang disertai dismenore. AbstractDysmenorrhea is the gynaecologic disorder that mostly experienced by female adolescents. Dysmenorrhea can be influenced by some factors like hormones, psycologic, neurologic and alergic. In severe condition, dysmenorrhea could cause daily and school activities disturbance. A correlation research had been conducted on March 2005 toward 245 female adolescent at Senior High School in Padang. Sampling was based on propotional random sampling. This research was aimed to identify correlation between knowledge about menstruation and grading of dysmenorrhea. This research showed that 30% of respondent who have not adequate knowledge experience severe pain. After statistic testing with chi square, there are correlation between knowledge about menstruation and grading of dysmenorrhea with p value = 0,00. Conclusion of this researh is there was correlation between knowledge about menstruation with grading of dysmenorrhea. Providing information related to menstruation is very important for female adolescents by parents, teachers, conselors, as well as health care providers. Knowledge about menstruation will give readiness psychologically for female adolescents when they experienced menstruation disorders included dysmenorrhea.

Intergroup discrimination is a pervasive fact of life and many factors are proposed to contribute or relate to its existence and expression (e.g. Staub, 2001). Though much research in social psychology has focused on the need for positive self-esteem as an underlying motive, in the past 25 years, evidence for the role of self-esteem in intergroup discrimination has at best proved contradictory (see Long & Spears, 1997; Rubin & Hewstone, 1998). More recently, other motivational constructs for human behaviour have been proposed to play a part in intergroup discrimination (e.g. Abrams & Hogg, 2001). This thesis focuses on the need to belong (or belongingness) as this has long been recognised as a basic human need (e.g. Horney, 1945) and recently, evidence has been provided to support this assumption (e.g. Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Thus the present thesis argues that as a fundamental need, the need to belong (NTB) would be expected to play a role in intergroup discrimination. In support of this assumption, results from some empirical studies are also highly suggestive of a link between intergroup discrimination and the NTB (e.g. Marques & Paez, 1994), though the current research programme is the first to explicitly examine this link. Seven experiments employing the same basic methodology were conducted to investigate the central hypothesis that engaging in intergroup discrimination decreases the NTB. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. Experiments 2 and 3 found that the NTB decreased for New Zealanders who engaged in intergroup discrimination and Experiment 7 found that members of a minimally socially important group showed a decrease in the NTB following intergroup discrimination when measured at a group level, but not at the personal level. Experiment 1 (Chapter 5) investigated the central hypothesis utilizing the minimal group paradigm (MGP). Despite participants exhibiting intergroup discrimination when given the opportunity, there was no significant change in their reported NTB. Thus the results of this experiment did not support the central hypothesis. Experiment 2 (Chapter 6) investigated whether the central hypothesis would be supported if participants were members of a realistic and meaningful social group category (i.e. New Zealanders). Results from this experiment showed that those participants who exhibited intergroup discrimination did in fact show a significant decrease in their NTB. Experiment 3 (Chapter 7) sought to replicate these results and to control for self-esteem effects utilizing New Zealand participants. Again, results supported the central hypothesis and no effect was found for either global or collective self-esteem. To test whether this result would generalize to other social categories, Experiment 4 (Chapter 8) tested whether the NTB would be decreased after women participants engaged in intergroup discrimination. Results found there was no significant difference in the NTB between women who engaged in discrimination and those who did not. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiment 2 and 3 were not supported. To then investigate whether social influence accounted for the contradictory results from Experiments 1-4, Experiment 5 (Chapter 9) required women to publicly or privately state their intergroup discrimination. No significant changes were found in the NTB (from pre- to post- allocation task) for either private or public responding conditions, whether women engaged in intergroup discrimination or not. It was then assessed whether the importance to participants of the social identity in question was a factor. Experiments 6a and 6b (Chapter 10; women and men respectively) compared the NTB of participants with low identification with their social group, to high identifying participants. For both women and men, no significant changes were found in the NTB from pre- to post-allocation task for either high or low identifiers, regardless of whether they engaged in intergroup discrimination. Thus the central hypothesis was again not supported. Finally in Experiment 7, the NTB measure was re-evaluated and items were changed to be more group-oriented, compared to the original more individually-oriented items. The procedure used for Experiment 1 (i.e. MGP) was employed for Experiment 7 (Chapter 11) with participants completing both the personal and group versions of the NTB scale. The results for the modified group NTB scale showed that for participants who engaged in intergroup discrimination, group NTB decreased significantly from pre- to post- allocation task, compared with no significant change for those participants who did not engage in discrimination. No effects were found for either control or experimental participants� responses on the original NTB scale. Thus the central hypothesis and the results from Experiments 2 and 3 were supported. Furthermore, as was found for earlier experiments, there was no effect of either personal or collective self-esteem on the results for Experiments 4- 7. Taken overall, these results indicate that there may be a relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong and that this may be most appropriately assessed using a group level measure of the NTB. Moreover, these results cannot be explained on the basis of self-esteem. Results from Experiments 2 and 3 may also indicate that if the social group category is meaningful enough for the individual (e.g. nationality), significant changes for the NTB at the personal level may occur. Despite the limitations of the present research, these results indicate that the investigation of the relationship between intergroup discrimination and the need to belong may further elucidate the underlying nature of prejudice. A number of possible directions for future research are discussed.

According to the State of the Nation’s Housing (Harvard, 2005) more than one in five homebuyers is a single woman and twice as many unmarried women as unmarried men are buying homes. Notably unmarried women make up more than one-third of the growth in real estate ownership since 1994. The purpose of this study was to examine this cultural phenomenon. Utilizing an interpretative qualitative paradigm, in-depth interviews, social identity and reason action theories, this research explored the social, psychological, and symbolic meanings single, never-married, women in their 30s and 40s attributed to home buying as well as the design and purchasing behaviors they displayed. In an effort to create and refine the questionnaire for this research, a five participant pilot study was conducted in southwestern Virginia. The main body of this work consisted of 12 in-depth interviews and included six participants from southwestern Virginia, five participants from northern Virginia and one from western Pennsylvania. The average age of the participants was 39.5 years, with a range of 29 â 48 years. In total, 21 themes emerged in this study: 18 were strongly supported and mentioned by at least 50%, or six of the twelve, dissertation participants, while three received moderate support and were discussed by at least 25%, or three of the twelve, respondents. The themes were further divided into the following categories: behavioral themes which answer the question of the how women approach the buying process; behavioral themes which answer the question of what women buy, psychological themes which answer the question of why single women buy; social themes which promote a sense of security or stability; and social themes which promote a sense of isolation. The findings of this study can be used to enhance the residential construction industry and to assist housing professionals who routinely interact with female homebuyers. In addition, these findings suggest the continued need for home-buyer education and further research.
Ph. D.

This study explores the world of human conflict in the workplace, the workplace (in this case) being a South African university. Using the academic tools of ethnography and autoethnography, I investigate the dimensions of human conflict management, which include intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group conflict management, from a psychological perspective. In this thesis I refer, in particular, to examples and extractions taken from case studies that focus on conflicts between employees. In doing so I used an eclectic, psychodynamic theoretical frame of reference. The data was collected and processed over a period of fourteen years. Another focus of this thesis is my reflections on my personal development as a counselling psychologist specialising in intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group conflict management within an institutional organisation. The participants‟ stories revealed intense emotional experiences and I have put forward suggestions on how these experiences could be explored and dealt with by means of psychologically orientated techniques and interventions within the boundaries of the ethical codes and values of counselling psychology. My eclectic choice of brief psychotherapy, strengths-based counselling, and psychodynamic-based intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group interventions are included in my personal narrative. This study serves only as a guideline to other counselling psychologists who deal with human conflicts in similar situations. I have not tried to present a generalised theory. In this study, I argue strongly that there is indeed a place for counselling psychologists and the application of psychological knowledge in the world of human resources departments in organisations. I believe that counselling psychologists can operate, alternatively, as individual counselling psychologists, workshop facilitators and co-facilitators, as consultants, and as members of multidisciplinary teams to address, among other, conflict management in a tertiary institution.
Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)