Journal articles on the topic 'Identity (Psychology) – Canada'
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Sinclair, Raven. "Identity lost and found: Lessons from the sixties scoop." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069527ar.
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The “Sixties Scoop” describes a period in Aboriginal history in Canada in which thousands of Aboriginal children were removed from birth families and placed in non-Aboriginal environments. Despite literature that indicates adoption breakdown rates of 85-95%, recent research with adults adopted as children indicates that some adoptees have found solace through reacculturating to their birth culture and contextualizing their adoptions within colonial history. This article explores the history of Aboriginal adoption in Canada and examines some of the issues of transracial adoption through the lens of psychology theories to aid understanding of identity conflicts facing Aboriginal adoptees. The article concludes with recommendations towards a paradigm shift in adoption policy as it pertains to Aboriginal children.
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Raney, Tracey, and Loleen Berdahl. "Birds of a Feather? Citizenship Norms, Group Identity, and Political Participation in Western Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 42, no. 1 (March 2009): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909090076.
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Abstract.This paper explores how citizenship norms of duty to vote and to volunteer in one's community influence political participation, and the role of group identities in producing these norms. By showing how citizenship norms influence an array of political activities, and by drawing on social psychology literature that shows how citizenship norms are shaped by group identifications, the paper offers a more complete picture of the relationship between citizenship norms and political participation beyond traditional civic duty/federal vote models that currently dominate Canadian political research. The central argument forwarded is that not only do citizenship norms matter to political participation, but that group identities matter, too.Résumé.Cette étude explore les effets sur la participation politique des normes relatives au devoir du citoyen de voter et de contribuer à sa communauté, de même que le rôle des identités de groupe dans la production de ces normes. En montrant comment les normes de citoyenneté influencent une foule d'activités politiques et en puisant dans la littérature en psychologie sociale, qui montre comment ces normes sont formées par des identifications de groupe, cette étude aide à mieux comprendre la relation entre ces normes et la participation politique au-delà du cadre traditionnel devoir civique / vote fédéral qui domine actuellement la recherche en politique canadienne. La thèse avancée est que les normes de citoyenneté jouent effectivement un rôle important dans la participation politique, tout comme les identités de groupe.
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Boatswain, Sharon J., and Richard N. Lalonde. "Social Identity and Preferred Ethnic/Racial Labels for Blacks in Canada." Journal of Black Psychology 26, no. 2 (May 2000): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798400026002006.
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Fuks, Nate, Nathan Grant Smith, Sandra Peláez, Jack De Stefano, and Tyler L. Brown. "Acculturation Experiences Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Immigrants in Canada." Counseling Psychologist 46, no. 3 (April 2018): 296–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000018768538.
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In the current study, we used a grounded theory methodology to understand the acculturation process of LGBT immigrants in Canada. Results revealed two parallel themes: Cultural Identity Development and Sexual and Gender Identity Development. Heterosexism and cissexism in the culture of origin was a central phenomenon in the development of the cultural, sexual, and gender aspects of LGBT immigrant identity. Moreover, LGBT immigrants’ culture of origin and Canadian culture influenced their sexual and gender identity development before and after immigration. Results suggest that many LGBT immigrants assume a Western orientation as a coping response to heterosexism and cissexism in their culture of origin, even before immigration occurs. The current study identified the perceived challenges and advantages that LGBT immigrants experience during the acculturation process as well as various acculturation outcomes. We discuss clinical implications and future research directions in light of the results.
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Dona, Giorgia. "Acculturation and Ethnic Identity of Central American Refugees in Canada." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 2 (May 1991): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07399863910132009.
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Shahim, Sima. "Psychometric Characteristics of the Iranian Acculturation Scale." Psychological Reports 101, no. 1 (August 2007): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.55-60.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure acculturation of Iranian immigrants in Canada. The 20-item Iranian Acculturation Scale showed Cronbach alpha of .83. Item-total correlations ranged from .25 to .65. Four factors were extracted, based on responses from 119 Iranian immigrants (43 men and 76 women) living in Toronto. The scale tapped different acculturation dimensions, cultural identity, language, family-related attitude and family-related values. The longer these Iranian immigrants had lived in Canada, and the earlier the age of moving to Canada the better acculturation suggested by their scores.
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Aboud, Frances E., and Janani Sankar. "Friendship and identity in a language-integrated school." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 5 (September 2007): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407081469.
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A cross-sectional design was used to inquire about peer relations of 85 second and fifth grade students in two integrated Anglophone and Francophone schools in Montreal, Canada. Data on same- and cross-ethnic identification, interactive companions and mutual best friends were collected for each student. Overall findings were that students had more companions from their own than the other ethno-linguistic group, but equivalent numbers of mutual best friends. Same- and cross-ethnic mutual friends were rated similarly in terms of friendship quality (as assessed by the McGill Friendship Questionnaire). Exploratory in-depth interviews with 16 students indicated that cross-ethnic relationships ran into two barriers. One was that they were limited to only a few activities and locations and so did not become personalized. The second was that in-group and out-group friends did not always mix well.
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Richey, Meghan, Cynthia Bilodeau, and Miriam Martin. "Women, identity development and spirituality in the Anglican Church of Canada: A qualitative study." Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 22, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 330–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2019.1593917.
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Serafini, Toni E., and Scott B. Maitland. "Validating the Functions of Identity Scale: Addressing Methodological and Conceptual Matters." Psychological Reports 112, no. 1 (February 2013): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/03.07.20.pr0.112.1.160-183.
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Various studies have examined the validity of the Functions of Identity Scale; the current study addressed gaps in previous works. Its three main goals were to revise the Control subscale and establish its construct validity, to assess the structural validity of a five-factor model, and to establish the external validity of the subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed with a sample of 422 female and 107 male undergraduate students from two universities in Ontario, Canada. The analysis supported the construct validity of the revised five-factor measurement model and the new Personal Control factor. The external validity of each of the subscales was tested, and scale items were revised to increase clarity and readability (to a Grade 5.5 reading level). Rigorous validity testing, strong psychometric properties, low reading level, and a novel focus on the outer workings of identity formation make this scale an attractive addition to current identity measures.
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Bedi, Robinder P., Kayla D. Christiani, and Julie A. Cohen. "The next generation of Canadian counselling psychologists." Counselling Psychology Review 33, no. 1 (June 2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2018.33.1.46.
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Objectives:In response to the little information available about the characteristics of counselling psychology students in Canada and their impact on the future of the specialization in Canada, 52 student members of the Canadian Psychological Association’s Section on Counselling Psychology (representing a 26 per cent response rate) were surveyed using an adapted version of a questionnaire to survey counselling psychologists in Canada.Findings:Results indicated that, in most ways, the characteristics of Canadian counselling psychology students resemble those of current counselling psychologists but some differences emerged that point to a future with an increasing female-male practitioner gender gap, more non-heterosexual counselling psychologists, and a slight growth in humanistic/person-centred theories being used.Discussion:The field will likely continue to be characterized by heterosexual female counselling psychologists of European descent, who practice primarily from either a theoretically-integrative standpoint or cognitive-behavioural theory, who intervene largely through individual counselling or psychotherapy, and almost entirely only in the English language. The results of the study are examined with respect to understanding gaps in training, professional identity, and the apparent distancing from the historical roots of the profession. The limitations of the study are noted and avenues for future research are outlined. Some comparisons with the field in other regions of the world, like the UK, are also provided.
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Gaudet, Sophie, and Richard Clément. "Forging an identity as a linguistic minority: Intra- and intergroup aspects of language, communication and identity in Western Canada." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33, no. 3 (May 2009): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.08.003.
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Su, Tina F., and Catherine L. Costigan. "The Development of Children’s Ethnic Identity in Immigrant Chinese Families in Canada." Journal of Early Adolescence 29, no. 5 (November 24, 2008): 638–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431608325418.
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Bombay, Amy, Kimberly Matheson, and Hymie Anisman. "Decomposing identity: Differential relationships between several aspects of ethnic identity and the negative effects of perceived discrimination among First Nations adults in Canada." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 16, no. 4 (October 2010): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021373.
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MARKSTROM-ADAMS, CAROL, and MELANIE SMITH. "Identity formation and religious orientation among high school students from the United States and Canada." Journal of Adolescence 19, no. 3 (June 1996): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0023.
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Stalikas, Anastassios, and Efie Gavaki. "The Importance of Ethnic Identity: Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement of Second-Generation Greeks in Secondary School." Canadian Journal of School Psychology 11, no. 1 (December 1995): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957359501100102.
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One of the variables that has recently attracted the attention of researchers is that of ethnicity. However, most studies have been conducted in an American social context and with populations prominent in the USA. Very few studies have been conducted to examine ethnicity in a Canadian context and with an ethnic group that is prominent in Canada. This study has been conducted to examine the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, and academic achievement in second-generation Greek-Canadian secondary schoolchildren. The results indicated that a strong and positive relationship exists between the three variables and that a positive ethnic identity is related to better self-esteem and higher academic achievement. Implications for schools, education, and policy are discussed.
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Esses, Victoria M., Ulrich Wagner, Carina Wolf, Matthias Preiser, and Christopher J. Wilbur. "Perceptions of national identity and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and Germany." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 30, no. 6 (November 2006): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.07.002.
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Castellanos, Melisa, Lina Saldarriaga, Luz Stella Lopez, and William M. Bukowski. "Contextual variance and invariance in self-perceived gender typicality and pressure to conform to gender role expectations." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419844037.
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Evidence of cultural comparisons of gender-identity-measurement scales is scarce. The present study aims to assess the scalar invariance of two dimensions of a widely used gender identity scale (Egan and Perry’s Multidimensional Gender Identity Inventory) across two cultural contexts. Fourth, sixth, and fifth graders from Barranquilla (Colombia) and Montréal (Canada) ( n = 351) completed an abbreviated, self-report revised version of Egan and Perry’s scale. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that typicality and pressure to conform to traditional gender roles are distinct factors and tend to be stable over time. Furthermore, a multi-group comparison analysis showed that the measurement model did not vary significantly as a function of cultural context. Our study adds evidence to support the use of a reliable and valid measurement instrument that is invariant across cultural settings, to allow comparisons that do not depend on contextual variations in the assessment of gender identity during childhood.
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Costigan, Catherine L., and Tina F. Su. "Orthogonal versus linear models of acculturation among immigrant Chinese Canadians: A comparison of mothers, fathers, and children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 6 (November 2004): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000234.
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A multidimensional model of acculturation was examined among 96 immigrant Chinese families living in Canada. All parents were foreign-born, as were 75% of children (average age 12). Each family member completed measures of cultural orientation (behavioural practices), identity, and cultural values. An orthogonal model of acculturation (e.g., host and ethnic culture affiliations are independent rather than linear) was clearly supported for fathers and children. For fathers and foreign-born children, greater involvement in Canadian culture was not associated with a diminishment of ethnic identity or values. For Canadian-born children, this involvement seemed to foster, rather than reduce, the endorsement of ethnic identity and traditional values. For mothers, ethnic and host cultural domains were modestly negatively correlated, providing less support for the orthogonal model. Results are discussed in relation to the conditions that may foster orthogonal versus linear models of acculturation.
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Goodwin, Cathy, and Ronald Paul Hill. "Commitment to Physical Fitness: Commercial Influences on Long-Term Healthy Consumer Behaviors." Social Marketing Quarterly 4, no. 3 (September 1998): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.1998.9961005.
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Adoption of healthy behaviors by consumers is an important policy goal in both the US and Canada. Physical fitness has been identified as one such goal, yet few studies have explored the motivation for healthy individuals to become long-term, committed exercisers. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with women who were members of health clubs. Committed exercisers appeared to have undergone an experience of self-initiated change described in the clinical-psychology literature. They also reported changes in self-concept and social networks. On the other hand, intermittent exercisers focused only on short-term goals. Implications for social marketing programs include the need to (a) focus on reinforcement of a new identity rather than initial decision-making, and (b) disassociate exercise from specific weight-loss goals.
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Patrick, Margaretta, and W. Y. Alice Chan. "Can I Keep My Religious Identity and Be a Professional? Evaluating the Presence of Religious Literacy in Education, Nursing, and Social Work Professional Programs across Canada." Education Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080543.
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In much of the world, education, nursing, and social work are human-centred professions that aim to engage with individuals holistically. Yet, how much of their training prepares them for this manifold reality? In this article, we provide an overview of three Canadian societal contexts, examine the literature on religious literacy in higher education and in the Canadian context, and study the professional programs of education, nursing, and social work offered in the top-ranked universities in the three largest English-speaking provinces in Canada. We describe the incorporation of the Calls to Action issued by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada and the limited evidence of religious literacy evident in the online information provided about the chosen programs and then argue that religious literacy is a necessary component of the university preparation programs for those entering these human-centred professions. Student requests for religious literacy workshops provided by the Centre for Civic Religious Literacy (CCRL), a non-religious and non-profit organization that works with partners in communities across Canada, demonstrate a demand for such education.
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Redvers, Jennifer. "“The land is a healer”: Perspectives on land-based healing from Indigenous practitioners in northern Canada." International Journal of Indigenous Health 15, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v15i1.34046.
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This research paper articulates a largely undefined cultural concept within mental health promotion and intervention, described as ‘land-based’ healing, which has been understood and taught for millennia by Indigenous knowledge holders. This knowledge is currently being revitalized by northern practitioners where ‘land’ is understood as a relational component of healing and wellbeing. Land-based activities such as harvesting, education, ceremony, recreation, and cultural-based counselling are all components of this integrative practice. Land-based practices are centered in Indigenous pedagogy and recognize that cultural identity is interwoven with and connected to ‘land.’ Directly cultivating this fundamental relationship, as assessed through a culturally relevant lens, increases positive mental health and wellness outcomes in Indigenous populations. In this study, qualitative narrative methods were used to document the experiences of eleven land-based program practitioners from the three northern territories in Canada. As experts in this field, practitioners’ narratives emphasized the need for a greater understanding and recognition of the value of land-based practices and programs within mainstream health. The development of working definitions, terminology, and framing of land-based practice as a common field are delineated from relevant literature and practitioner narratives in order to enable cross-cultural communication and understanding in psychology. Land-based healing is presented as a critical and culturally appropriate solution for mental health intervention and community resilience in northern Canada.
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Nielsen, Elly-Jean, and Kevin G. Alderson. "Lesbian and Queer Women Professors Disclosing in the Classroom." Counseling Psychologist 42, no. 8 (October 31, 2014): 1084–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000014554839.
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Lesbian and queer women professors are faced with the personal decision of whether to disclose their sexual identities in the classroom. The experiences of 10 participants in Calgary, Canada were explored through semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. The analysis revealed one overarching category: enacting authenticity. The sub-themes within this major finding include fighting for one’s identity, modeling authenticity, and the freedom and connection felt by self-disclosing. Three supplementary findings and the sub-themes within are also expanded and discussed: classroom structure factors, self-disclosure timing, and negative impacts of disclosure. The findings imply that despite the potential negative impacts of disclosing in the classroom, this pedagogical technique can be used as a means of demonstrating genuineness and praxis toward social justice. The professors’ collective emphasis on the role of authenticity in disclosing in the classroom offers prospects for subsequent research efforts regarding the visibility of marginalized identities in academic settings.
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Oades, Lindsay G., Trevor P. Crowe, and Melanie Nguyen. "Leadership coaching transforming mental health systems from the inside out: The Collaborative Recovery Model as person-centred strengths based coaching psychology." International Coaching Psychology Review 4, no. 1 (March 2009): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsicpr.2009.4.1.25.
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Mental health service provision is being transformed by a call for ‘recovery oriented care’. Rather than the traditional medical meaning of cure, the term ‘recovery’ refers to the personal and transformational process of patients living with mental illness, moving towards a preferred identity and a life of meaning – a framework where growth is possible, and the fixed mindsets around diagnoses such as schizophrenia are challenged. At an organisational level, however, organisations and their service providers have typically operated on a framework that is fixed in terms of the potentialities of the mental health patients. This paper describes the ongoing transformation of a large tertiary inpatient mental health unit in Ontario, Canada, through a parallel staff and patient implementation of a person-centred strengths based coaching framework, known as the Collaborative Recovery Model (CRM). Consistent with developments in positive psychology, the model focuses on strengths and values, goals and actions, within a coaching framework, with an emphasis on the alliance between staff and patient, and the growth potential of the patient. By using the principles of coaching psychology, mental health staff members are leading change in the organisation by personal use of the principles and practices that they are also using to coach patients. The leadership and organisational change challenges are described and future directions are discussed.
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MacIntyre, Peter D., Jessica Ross, and Heather Sparling. "Flow Experiences and Willingness to Communicate: Connecting Scottish Gaelic Language and Traditional Music." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x19867364.
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This brief report examines correlations between intense, highly motivating flow experiences, perceptions of competence, and willingness to communicate in both language and music, in the context of Scottish Gaelic and traditional music. The sample of 54 persons, mostly from Canada and Scotland, was contacted via Facebook groups. The frequency of flow experiences correlated highly between language and music contexts. Correlations for willingness to communicate/play and perceived competence with language and music also are reported. Results are interpreted as reflecting a combination of social (e.g., identity) and personality-based (e.g., autotelic) processes.
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Dúll, Andrea. "A környezetpszichológiától az ember-környezet tranzakció tudományig - áttekintés az elmúlt (majdnem) 30 évről." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 76, no. 3-4 (January 31, 2022): 727–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0016.2021.00050.
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A környezetpszichológia az 1960-70-es években az USA-ban és Kanadában alakult ki. A területnek Magyarországon - a jelen összefoglaló írásának idején - mintegy két és fél évtizedes múltja van. A hazai környezetpszichológia alapés alkalmazott kutatásokkal indult az 1990-es évek közepén a téma transzdiszciplináris, ember-környezet kölcsönhatást hangsúlyozó szemléletéből adódóan folyamatosan szorosan együttműködve az építészettel, illetve a környezettervezéssel és -alakítással, a geográfiával, illetve később a tájépítészettel. Az itthoni környezetpszichológia - a nemzetközi viszonyokhoz hasonlóan - részben önálló pszichológiai terület, részben az építészet és a környezettervező tudományok társtudománya, illetve mediátorként működik a laikus környezethasználók és a tervezők között. Az elmúlt két és fél évtized a terület térnyerésének és megerősödésének folyamata volt Magyarországon, amit az intézményesülés lépései is tükröznek. 2021-ben alakult meg az ELTE Pedagógiai és Pszichológiai Karán az Ember-Környezet Tranzakció Intézet (EKTI), amely feladatának tekinti a magyarországi - immár ember-környezet tranzakció tudománnyá szélesedett - környezetpszichológia oktatását, kutatását és az ezen a területen zajló projektek kezdeményezését, koordinálását a fenntarthatóság, az épített/természeti/virtuális környezetek pszichológiája és az ember és környezete kölcsönkapcsolat mediálása terén. A tanulmányban áttekintjük a hazai környezetpszichológia kialakulásának történetét és néhány kutatási területét (környezeti egészségpszichológia, laikusok és szakértők környezeti kompetenciája, helyjelentés, mentális térképezés, helykötődés és helyveszteség, helyidentitás, pro-environmentális megközelítés a környezetpszichológiában).Environmental psychology developed in the United States and Canada in the 1960s and 1970s. The area in Hungary - at the time of writing this summary - has a history ofabout two and a half decades. Hungarian environmental psychology started with basic and applied research in the mid-1990s. Due to the transdisciplinary approach of environmental psychology, emphasizing human-environment interaction, it works in continuous cooperation with architecture, environmental design, geography and later with landscape architecture. On one hand, Hungarian environmental psychology, similarly to international situation, is an independent field of psychology. On the other hand, it is a co-science ofarchitecture and environmental design and acts as a mediator in interactions between lay users and designers. The last two and a half decades have been a process of gaining and strengthening of the area in Hungary, which is also reflected in the steps of institutionalization. In 2021, the Institute of Human-Environmental Transaction (EKTI) was established at the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, which considers its main tasks and missions to teach environmental psychology and doing people-environment transaction research in Hungary. Working on environmental psychological projects, science ofenvironmental psychology has now expanded into the science ofhuman-environment transactions with important aims and tasks to initiate and coordinate projects in the fields ofsustainability, the psychology of built / natural / virtual environments and human-environment interactions. In this review, the history of the development of environmental psychology in Hungary and some of its research areas (environmental health psychology, environmental competence of lay people vs. experts, mental mapping, place attachment and loss of place, place identity, and pro-environmental approach) are presented.
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Matthews, Elise J., and Michel Desjardins. "Remaking Our Identities." Family Journal 25, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480716679643.
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Previous qualitative research findings have discussed motivations, decision-making, stigma, and resistance to pronatalism among voluntarily childless (VC) men and women. The current study placed such elements of the lifeworlds of VC individuals and dyads within the context of a life story of (re)making of the VC identity. Twelve life history and semistructured interviews with six VC men and women in three heterosexual couples in Canada were analyzed using thematic analysis. The VC choice was expressed as a decision to accept one’s essential voluntary childlessness. The construction of the VC participants’ bodies through their stories entailed episodes of conflict and resistance central to gendered experiences. We propose that this pattern of themes, in a pronatalist sociocultural context, points to a remaking of the figure of an extraordinary person from childhood, through to their current partnership, and into the future. These findings have implications for practitioners working with VC couples as they construct their identities, partnerships, reproductive decisions, life trajectories, and life projects.
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NOVEK, SHEILA, and VERENA H. MENEC. "Older adults' perceptions of age-friendly communities in Canada: a photovoice study." Ageing and Society 34, no. 6 (February 21, 2013): 1052–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1200150x.
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ABSTRACTThe concept of age-friendly communities has garnered international attention among researchers, policy makers and community organisations since the World Health Organization launched its Global Age-friendly Cities Project in 2006. Despite the growth of the age-friendly communities movement, few studies have examined age-friendly characteristics within different community contexts. The goal of the present study was to use a participatory methodology to explore older adults’ perceptions of age-friendliness. The study employed the photovoice technique with 30 community-based older adults in one urban community and three rural communities in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Participants were provided with cameras and took photographs to illustrate the relative age-friendliness of their communities and to generate discussion in interviews and focus groups. Themes from photographs, interviews and focus groups were organised into three broad categories: age-friendly features, contextual factors and cross-cutting themes. The age-friendly features we identified in this study generally correspond to the World Health Organization domains of age-friendliness. In addition, we identified three contextual factors that impact the experiences of older adults within their community environment: community history and identity, ageing in urban, rural and remote communities, and environmental conditions. Finally, independence, affordability and accessibility were identified as cross-cutting themes that intersect with various community features and contextual factors.
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Landry, Samantha, Erika Arseneau, and Elizabeth K. Darling. "“It’s a Little Bit Tricky”: Results from the POLYamorous Childbearing and Birth Experiences Study (POLYBABES)." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 4 (May 2021): 1479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02025-5.
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AbstractThe number of polyamorous people in Canada is growing steadily, and many polyamorous people are of childbearing age and report living with children. Experiences of polyamorous families, particularly those related to pregnancy and childbirth, have thus far been underrepresented in the literature. The POLYamorous Childbearing and Birth Experiences Study (POLYBABES) sought to explore the pregnancy and birth experiences of polyamorous people. Having previously reported findings relating to experiences with the health system and healthcare providers, this article specifically focuses on the social aspects of polyamorous families’ experiences. We explored the impact of polyamory on one’s self identity, relationship structures, and experiences navigating the social world. Anyone who self-identified as polyamorous during pregnancy and birth, gave birth in Canada within 5 years, and received some prenatal care was eligible to participate in this study. Participants were recruited through social media and interviewed online or in person. Twenty-four participants were interviewed (11 birthing people and 13 of their partners). Thematic analysis was used to explore the data, and four primary themes were identified: deliberately planning families, more is more, presenting polyamory, and living in a mononormative world. Each theme was further broken down into a number of sub-themes. We also collaborated with research participants to create a glossary of terms. By exploring the pregnancy and birth experiences of polyamorous families and focusing on participant voices, this research adds to the limited research on polyamorous families and contributes to the process of breaking down stigma associated with alternative family structures. Further, by creating an accessible glossary of terms, researchers and lay persons alike have been given access to a meaningful resource.
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VAN DEN HOONAARD, DEBORAH K. "Widowers' strategies of self-representation during research interviews: a sociological analysis." Ageing and Society 29, no. 2 (January 8, 2009): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x08007721.
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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the strategies that older widowers used to assert their masculinity during in-depth research interviews by the author, a middle-aged woman. Twenty-six widowers living in Atlantic Canada and Florida in the United States and who were aged from 56 to 91 years participated in the study. The author analysed the interviews from a symbolic-interactionist perspective that looks at the world from the perspective of those being studied. The widowers used various strategies of impression management to reinforce their identity as ‘real men’ during the interviews. These strategies included taking charge of the interview, using personal diminutives and endearments to assert control, lecturing the interviewer about various topics including differences between men and women, and bringing attention to their heterosexuality by referring to themselves as bachelors and commenting on increased attention from women. The paper chronicles the process of discovery of the importance to the study participants of portraying themselves as men. It was found that older widowers' identity as ‘real men’ is precarious because they lack three essential components of masculinity: being in a heterosexual relationship, being employed, and being young. The article makes extensive use of the participants' quotations to demonstrate their attempts, through impression management, to maintain a masculine identity while discussing the very topics that threatened it.
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Hilde, Rosalie K., and Albert Mills. "Making critical sense of discriminatory practices in the Canadian workplace." critical perspectives on international business 11, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-09-2012-0042.
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Purpose – This paper aims to report on a preliminary study of how professionally qualified immigrants from Hong Kong to Canada make sense of their experiences, particularly workplace opportunities. Design/methodology/approach – The study is framed by a Critical Sensemaking approach, involving in-depth interviews with 12 informants from the Hong Kong Chinese community and discursive analysis (Foucault, 1979) of the local and formative contexts in which they are making sense of workplace opportunities. Findings – The findings suggest that a dominant discourse of “integration” strongly influences the way that professionally qualified immigrants come to accept the unchallenged assumptions that the government is providing help for them to “get in”; and that ethnic service organizations are offering positive guidance to the immigrants’ workplace goals and opportunities. Immigrants’ identity and self-worth are measured by whether they “get in” – integrate – into so-called mainstream society. The effect of this hidden discourse has been to marginalize some immigrants in relation to workplace opportunities. Research limitations/implications – The interplay of structural (i.e. formative contexts and organizational rules), socio-psychological (i.e. sensemaking properties) and discursive contexts (e.g. discourses of immigration) are difficult to detail over time. The interplay – although important – is difficult to document and trace over a relatively short period of time and may, more appropriately lend itself to more longitudinal research. Practical implications – This paper strongly suggests that we need to move beyond structural accounts to capture the voice and agency of immigrants. In particular, as we have tried to show, the sensemaking and sensemaking contexts in which immigrants find themselves provide important insights to the immigrant experience. Social implications – This paper suggests widespread policy implications, with a call for greater use of qualitative methods in the study of immigrant experience. It is suggested that policymakers need to move beyond uniform and structural approaches to immigration. How selected immigrants in context make sense of their experiences and how this can help to identify improved policies need to be understood. Originality/value – This paper is original in going beyond both structural and psychological accounts of immigration. Through the developing method of Critical Sensemaking, the study combines a focus on structure and social psychology and their interplay. Thus, providing insights not only to the broad discriminatory practices that so-called non-White immigrants face in Canada (and likely other industrial societies) but how these are made sense of. The study is also unique in attempting to fuse sensemaking and discourse analysis to show the interaction between individual sensemaking in the context of dominant discourses.
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Heller, Monica. "« Langue », « communauté » et « identité »." Anthropologie et Sociétés 31, no. 1 (June 26, 2007): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015981ar.
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Résumé Parmi les concepts clés de l’anthropologie linguistique (et de ses disciplines soeurs, la sociolinguistique, la sociologie du langage, la psychologie sociale du langage, l’aménagement linguistique) on trouve depuis longtemps ceux de « langue », « communauté » et « identité ». Ces concepts centraux pour la discipline émergent comme partie du discours du nationalisme étatique, et y sont profondément imbriqués. Dans cet article, je trace les grandes lignes de cette imbrication, pour examiner par la suite comment le travail de recherche sur la langue, l’identité et l’appartenance a pris forme dans les débats sur le français au Canada, et surtout pour ce qui est de la construction du nationalisme franco-canadien et de son évolution postnationaliste de nos jours.
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BARKEN, RACHEL. "‘Independence’ among older people receiving support at home: the meaning of daily care practices." Ageing and Society 39, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 518–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17001039.
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ABSTRACTLater life care practices are closely entangled with the ideals of independence and dependence. Based on an interpretive analysis of qualitative interviews with 34 people aged 65–100 receiving home care in Ontario, Canada, this article explores older people's subjective interpretations of caring for themselves (i.e. independence) and receiving support from others (i.e. dependence). Findings suggest that individuals construct subjective meanings of independence in relation to their changing physical capacities, and in the context of their relationships with family members, friends and formal care providers. First, participants considered their care activities to be a way of maintaining independence when they undertook certain practices with the intention of staving off dependency and future decline. Second, when they accepted assistance, many engaged in care relations that allowed them to preserve an independent identity in the face of limits to physical self-sufficiency. Third, participants reached the limits of independence when they lacked adequate assistance, and were unable to care for themselves in desirable ways. Findings illustrate how objective circumstances related to social and financial resources as well as access to formal services shape subjective interpretations, allowing some older people to hold on to independent identities while exacerbating feelings of dependency among others.
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Brickman, Barbara Jane. "Guest Editorial." Girlhood Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): vi—xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2019.120102.
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In their new groundbreaking study reviewed in this special issue, The Trans Generation: How Trans Kids (and Their Parents) are Creating a Gender Revolution (2018), sociologist Ann Travers details the experiences of transgender children in the US and Canada, some as young as four years of age, who participated in research interviews over a five-year period. Establishing a unique picture of what it means to grow up as a trans child, Travers offers numerous examples of daily life and challenges for children like, for example, Martine and Esme, both of whom sought to determine their own gender at an early age: Martine and her family recount how at the age of seven she responded to her upcoming appointment at a gender clinic by asking if the doctor would have “the machine where you walk in as a boy and walk out as a girl,” while Esme’s story begins in preschool and leads to the care of a “trans-affirmative doctor” (168) from the age of six and the promise of hormone blockers and estrogen at the onset of puberty. Although Travers’s work is devoted to and advocates for trans children as a whole, its implications for our understanding of and research into girls and girlhood cannot be understated. What does it mean to “walk out” of that machine in the doctor’s office “as a girl?” What happens when you displace the seemingly monumental onset of puberty from its previous biological imperatives and reproductive futures? How might feminist work on girlhoods, which has sought to challenge sexual and gender binaries for so long, approach an encounter with what Travers calls “binary-conforming” or “binary-identifying” (169) trans girls or with the transgender boys in their study who, at first, respond to the conforming pressures of adolescence very similarly to cisgender girls who will not ultimately transition away from a female identity?
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Hale, Adrian. "Dame Edna and ‘the help’." European Journal of Humour Research 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2021.9.4.568.
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‘Dame Edna Everage’, a persona originally created by the Australian comedian Barry Humphries in 1955, is a character designed to simultaneously shock and amuse. Dame Edna voices (and satirizes) the discourse of ‘average’, older, politically conservative Anglo-Australians who feel compelled to ‘tell it like it is’ – no matter how offensive their opinions might be. In the Anglosphere, Edna’s humour is well understood and sustained international success has followed Edna for more than 60 years in Britain, Canada, the US and Australia. However, Edna occasionally misfires. In 2003, for instance, Edna’s satire outraged Latinos across the USA, in fulfillment of Poe’s Law (Aikin, 2009). Simply put, Latinos assumed that Edna’s comments satirising negative mainstream attitudes towards them were expressive of Edna’s authentic racism. This paper investigates the Edna joke in the overall context of failed humour and then specifically for the offensiveness it generated amongst the Latino minority in the United States. It then tests whether this reaction was the result of a discursive frame specific to the US context, by conducting an exploratory study amongst a small sample of highly educated Australian bilingual Latin American immigrants and their adult children, to see whether they thought Edna’s joke was funny. These Australian individuals of Latin American heritage responded via an online questionnaire, and an analysis of their responses is presented here. The study’s main finding is that while these individuals generally demonstrated a high comedic literacy across both English and Spanish, including a prior awareness of Edna’s and Australian humour, they overall rejected the intention and humour of Edna’s joke. This paper asserts that, when it comes to humour, some transnational migrant speech community loyalties transcend other notions of identity and language competence.
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Nosova, Polina A., and Alexandr A. Fedorov. "Beauty in Psychology: A Bibliometric Analysis." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 19, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 592–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2022-19-3-592-606.
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The purpose of the study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of psychological publications devoted to the phenomenon of beauty. The research material (2214 articles) was extracted from the Scopus bibliographic database. The VOSviewer and biblioshiny software tools were used to analyze the results and build a bibliometric map. The construction of a conceptual map made it possible to identify four clusters related to the study of beauty: (1) the bodily component of a person; (2) attractiveness; (3) aesthetic phenomena; and (4) sociocultural processes. Thematic clustering using the Walktrap algorithm identified four themes; with the theme with the highest density and centrality devoted to the study of attractiveness, in particular, physical attractiveness and facial attractiveness. Five countries (USA, UK, Germany, Canada, Australia) produced almost 3/4 of the total number of publications (74.2%). The contribution of Russian authors amounted to 17 articles (0.8%). Trend analysis shows that in recent years there has been a growing interest in social media, aesthetic emotions and values. It is concluded that the main phenomena that are associated with the concept of “beauty” and are studied in psychology are body image, attractiveness, physical attractiveness, facial attractiveness and aesthetics. The conducted analysis shows that beauty as a value, remaining an understudied category, is explored in the context of positive psychology.
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Boski, Pawel. "Remaining a Pole or Becoming a Canadian: National Self-Identity among Polish Immigrants to Canada1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21, no. 1 (January 1991): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00441.x.
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Cooper-Thomas, Helena D., and Sarah Wright. "Industrial-Organisational Psychology in New Zealand: Who Are We and Where Are We Going?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Organisational Psychology 1 (August 1, 2008): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajop.1.1.12.
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AbstractIn spite of a long history, Industrial and Organisational (I/O) psychology appears to be relatively unknown beyond those who teach or practise it. Research in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand is reviewed to illustrate common problems. To provide an update on the local situation, a survey of 46 I/O psychologists was conducted to identify what types of activities I/O psychologists in New Zealand are engaged in, and what they think the issues are for the profession both now and in the future. We present the issues under five themes: current role, education and training, strategic perspectives, contribution to New Zealand business, and the future. In conclusion, we provide suggestions to address the key problems that our I/O psychologist respondents identified.
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Rollings, Kimberly A., and Christina S. Bollo. "Permanent Supportive Housing Design Characteristics Associated with the Mental Health of Formerly Homeless Adults in the U.S. and Canada: An Integrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189588.
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The built environment directly and indirectly affects mental health, especially for people transitioning from long-term homelessness to permanent supportive housing (PSH) who often experience co-occurring behavioral health challenges. Despite a rapid increase in PSH availability, little research examines influences of architecture and design within this context. This integrative review synthesized limited research on PSH design in the U.S. and Canada to identify built environment characteristics associated with PSH residents’ mental health, highlight gaps in the literature, and prioritize future research directions. A systematic search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted using nine databases drawing from multiple disciplines including architecture, environmental psychology, interior design, psychology, psychiatry, medicine, and nursing. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria. Study design, methodology, built environment properties, place attributes, and relevant findings were extracted and iteratively analyzed. Three domains relevant to architecture and design were identified related to home, ontological security, and trauma sensitivity; dwelling unit type, privacy, control, safety, housing quality and location, and access to amenities; and shared common space. Integrative review results emphasize the potential of architecture and design to contribute to improved built environment quality and mental health outcomes among PSH residents. Methodological limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Benatuil, Denise, and María Juliana Laurito. "Specific competences in the Tuning Latin America Project: their degree of importance and achievement among a sample of psychology students." Tuning Journal for Higher Education 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/tjhe-4(2)-2017pp333-351.
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<p>The implementation of the competence-based education approach at university level is a vehicle for the global transformation of the current Higher Education system. Over the past few decades, psychology has increasingly focused on the identification of core competences in the education of psychologists. The U.S., Canada and Europe have adopted competence-based education approaches. More recently, in 2013 the Tuning Latin America Project introduced the challenge to reach agreement on the education of psychologists in the region. The purpose of this research is to analyse the degree of importance and perceived achievement of the specific competences set out in the Tuning Latin America Project, among a sample of 100 advanced psychology students of a private university in the City of Buenos Aires. For such purpose, the Specific Competences Survey for students of the Tuning Latin America Project was used. All the competences obtained high ratings in terms of importance, in particular those related to professional ethics. In addition, the respondents considered that most of the competences are thoroughly developed during their university training. To conclude, further studies and analyses need to be carried out in order to identify current educational needs for psychologists and thus enhance quality and adjust psychological practice to current social needs.</p>
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Arceneaux, Kevin, Timothy B. Gravelle, Mathias Osmundsen, Michael Bang Petersen, Jason Reifler, and Thomas J. Scotto. "Some people just want to watch the world burn: the prevalence, psychology and politics of the ‘Need for Chaos’." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1822 (February 22, 2021): 20200147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0147.
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People form political attitudes to serve psychological needs. Recent research shows that some individuals have a strong desire to incite chaos when they perceive themselves to be marginalized by society. These individuals tend to see chaos as a way to invert the power structure and gain social status in the process. Analysing data drawn from large-scale representative surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, we identify the prevalence of Need for Chaos across Anglo-Saxon societies. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we explore whether different subtypes underlie the uni-dimensional construct and find evidence that some people may be motivated to seek out chaos because they want to rebuild society, while others enjoy destruction for its own sake. We demonstrate that chaos-seekers are not a unified political group but a divergent set of malcontents. Multiple pathways can lead individuals to ‘want to watch the world burn’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms’.
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Dussault, Marc, Éric Frenette, and Claude Fernet. "Leadership: Validation of a Self-Report Scale." Psychological Reports 112, no. 2 (April 2013): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/01.08.pr0.112.2.419-436.
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The aim of this paper was to propose and test the factor structure of a new self-report questionnaire on leadership. A sample of 373 school principals in the Province of Quebec, Canada completed the initial 46-item version of the questionnaire. In order to obtain a questionnaire of minimal length, a four-step procedure was retained. First, items analysis was performed using Classical Test Theory. Second, Rasch analysis was used to identify non-fitting or overlapping items. Third, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling was performed on the 21 remaining items to verify the factor structure of the scale. Results show that the model with a single third-order dimension (leadership), two second-order dimensions (transactional and transformational leadership), and one first-order dimension ( laissez-faire leadership) provides a good fit to the data. Finally, invariance of factor structure was assessed with a second sample of 222 vice-principals in the Province of Quebec, Canada. This model is in agreement with the theoretical model developed by Bass (1985), upon which the questionnaire is based.
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Bhattacharyya, Pallabi, Sally Ogoe, Annette Riziki, and Lori Wilkinson. "In search of a “home”: Comparing the housing challenges experienced by recently arrived Yazidi and Syrian refugees in Canada." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 6 (November 2020): 1415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000478.
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AbstractHousing that is affordable and appropriate is a necessity for successful integration for all newcomers. It is not uncommon for newcomers to Canada to report difficulties finding suitable, safe, and affordable housing for their families. For refugees, however, the challenges are sometimes greater. Settlement organizations and refugee sponsors experience various challenges in accommodating families with large numbers of children, but as our research shows, refugee groups have differing needs based on their culture, family composition, and experience of trauma. Using data collected from two recent studies, we identify and compare the housing needs of two newly arrived groups of refugees to Canada: Syrians and Yazidis from northern Iraq. All participants in our study have lived in Canada for 2 years or less and currently live in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, or Ontario. Data was collected either by face-to-face surveys (with Syrian participants) or unstructured interviews (with Yazidi women) conducted in Arabic, Kurmanji, or English. We discuss their experiences of living in resettlement centers and their transition to independent housing. In addition, we discuss how family composition and previous trauma influence their housing experiences with special attention to how increasing agency increases satisfaction with housing.
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Underwood, Kathryn, Elaine Frankel, Gillian Parekh, and Magdalena Janus. "Transitioning Work of Families." Exceptionality Education International 29, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/eei.v29i3.9391.
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This study examines transitions to school from the standpoint of the work of families. We identify systemic differences constructed through state responses to childhood disability. Based on data from a longitudinal institutional ethnography conducted in Ontario, Canada, these differences illuminate the ways in which ability and disability are constructed in early childhood, and how these constructs are reinforced through procedures, policies, and documentation. Ultimately, we identify five key phenomena in the study: implicit messages of exclusion, the work of families, the supremacy of labels, a fallacy of choice, and the flexibility of institutions to adapt for children. These findings are taken up in the context of broader discourses of school readiness and transition to school with the intention of expanding our conversation about transitions.
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Kleitman, Sabina, Dayna J. Fullerton, Lisa M. Zhang, Matthew D. Blanchard, Jihyun Lee, Lazar Stankov, and Valerie Thompson. "To comply or not comply? A latent profile analysis of behaviours and attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): e0255268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255268.
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How and why do people comply with protective behaviours during COVID-19? The emerging literature employs a variable-centered approach, typically using a narrow selection of constructs within a study. This study is the first to adopt a person-centred approach to identify complex patterns of compliance, and holistically examine underlying psychological differences, integrating multiple psychology paradigms and epidemiology. 1575 participants from Australia, US, UK, and Canada indicated their behaviours, attitudes, personality, cognitive/decision-making ability, resilience, adaptability, coping, political and cultural factors, and information consumption during the pandemic’s first wave. Using Latent Profile Analysis, two broad groups were identified. The compliant group (90%) reported greater worries, and perceived protective measures as effective, whilst the non-compliant group (about 10%) perceived them as problematic. The non-compliant group were lower on agreeableness and cultural tightness-looseness, but more extraverted, and reactant. They utilised more maladaptive coping strategies, checked/trusted the news less, and used official sources less. Females showed greater compliance than males. By promoting greater appreciation of the complexity of behaviour during COVID-19, this research provides a critical platform to inform future studies, public health policy, and targeted behaviour change interventions during pandemics. The results also challenge age-related stereotypes and assumptions.
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Avinashi, Dr Pulak, and Dr Preeti Bhatt. "MIRRORING SPACES OF WILDERNESS AND OBSESSION IN ALICE MUNRO’S “VANDALS”." Journal of English Language and Literature 09, no. 04 (2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9408.
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Short stories by Alice Munro merge autobiographical themes with remarkable language and stirring imagery. This paper analyzes the impact of ‘wilderness’ and mirrors the complexities of the obsession with the human psyche in the lives of the characters of Alice Munro’s short story “Vandals”. She portrays the evil and the threat that prevails in the wild and its hazardous impact on the psychology of its characters where they face cognitive clinical manias. The objective of the present paper is to read “Vandals” with reference to Bertrand Westphal’s theory of ‘geocriticism’ as proposed in his book Real and Fictional Spaces (2007) to identify the psychic disorders that Ladner, Bea, and Liza possess in the story. The wilderness that is constantly set against civilization or the urban space, distorts perception and selfperception, which metaphorically is an intrusion into the mental space of an individual. The characters are driven by intrusive thoughts and dysfunctional beliefs which lead to the suppression of their thoughts and psychological obsession after encountering the wilderness of Canada. This essay analyses Alice Munro’s depiction of this Gothic setting through the Canadian environment and the character’s preoccupation with the wild. The significance of the wilderness as a place, both in its ‘physical’ and ‘abstract’ representations in Munro’s stories, has been attempted to be discussed.
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Laporte, Line, Stacy Tzoumakis, Jacques D. Marleau, and Jean-François Allaire. "Sex of Victims in Maternal Filicide." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3 (June 2005): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3.637-643.
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In many societies, girls are more often killed by their parents than boys. However, not much of this is known in contemporary societies. This study had two main objectives. The first was to assess whether the number of boy and girl victims of maternal filicide differ in the literature from 1959 to 2000. Using two scientific databases, Medline and PsycINFO, 20 texts were pertinent. The second objective was to identify the variables that differentiate the mothers who killed a son and those who killed a daughter in a sample of 42 women from the province of Québec (Canada). Analysis of the data for the first part indicate that the numbers of sons and daughters killed by their mothers are similar in the literature. For the second aim no significant differences were noted between the women who killed a son and those who killed a daughter for 30 variables studied, e.g., motivation, method of killing, age of the victims, etc.
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Heck, Carly, Meghan Eaker, Satya Cobos, Sydney Campbell, and Franco A. Carnevale. "Pandemic Impacts for Indigenous Children and Youth Within Canada: An Ethical Analysis." YOUNG 29, no. 4 (August 5, 2021): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11033088211032791.
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In response to new and exacerbated challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Indigenous children and youth in Canada have developed innovative and holistic solutions to amplify their voices, continue cultural engagement and combat social isolation for themselves and their communities as a whole. In this analysis, we have selected three Indigenous philosophical tenets as an ethical orientation for discussion of how the COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the well-being of Indigenous young people. The guiding values of interconnected relationships, holism and Indigenous-informed restorative justice help us interpret existing pandemic-specific literature and identify, define and prioritize considerations of child and youth well-being from an Indigenous-centred worldview. This analysis can (a) help inform future pandemic measures affecting Indigenous young people and (b) foster similar considerations for Indigenous communities in other regions of the world.
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Boulé, Jess, Kimberley Wilson, Kathy Kortes-Miller, and Arne Stinchcombe. "“We Live in a Wonderful Country, Canada, but…”: Perspectives From Older LGBTQ Ontarians on Visibility, Connection, and Power in Care and Community." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 91, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415019857060.
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This research investigated the health and aging experiences of 21 lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) adults, aged 60 to 79 years, to identify their service and support needs. Participants engaged in focus groups in four locations in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic approach. Participants anticipated age-related losses and expected a greater use of and dependence on health/social care services. Despite greater LGBTQ visibility and inclusive care, participants perceived care services and facilities as unsafe and without competent support. Participants described employing positive strategies to overcome discrimination, contributing to participants’ health and aging experiences.
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Bass, Ellyn Charlotte, Lina Saldarriaga, Josafa Cunha, Bin-Bin Chen, Jonathan Bruce Santo, and William M. Bukowski. "A cross-cultural analysis of the relations of physical and relational aggression with peer victimization." International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025416677846.
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To better address the many consequences of peer victimization, research must identify not only aspects of individuals that put them at risk for victimization, such as aggression, but also aspects of the context that influence the extent of that risk. To this end, this study examined the contextual influences of gender, same-sex peer group norms of physical and relational aggression, and nationality on the associations of physical and relational aggression with peer victimization in early adolescents from Canada, China, Brazil, and Colombia ( N = 865; Mage = 11.01, SD = 1.24; 55% boys). Structural equation modeling was used to test for measurement invariance of the latent constructs. Multilevel modeling revealed that both forms of aggression were positive predictors of peer victimization, but physical aggression was a stronger predictor for girls than boys. Cross-national differences emerged in levels of peer victimization, such that levels were highest in Brazil and lowest in Colombia. Cross-national differences were also evidenced in the relationship between relational aggression and victimization: the relationship was positive in China, Brazil, and Canada (listed in descending order of magnitude), but negative in Colombia. Above and beyond the cross-national differences, physical aggression was a stronger predictor of victimization in peer groups low in physical aggression, and relational aggression was a stronger predictor in peer groups low in relational aggression. Ultimately, this research is intended to contribute to a better theoretical understanding of risk factors for peer victimization and the development of more effective and culturally-appropriate prevention and intervention efforts.
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Parsons, Jeanette, Mary Ann McColl, Andrea Martin, and David Rynard. "Students with Disabilities Transitioning from High School to University in Canada: Identifying Changing Accommodations." Exceptionality Education International 30, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/eei.v30i3.13427.
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More students with disabilities are attending university in Canada, bringing increasing expectations for academic accommodations. This study compared accommodations offered in high school and university for 71 first-year undergraduates with disabilities at Queen’s University in Ontario, Canada. More than a third (34%) of the participants presented with a disability label at university different from what they had in high school. Eighty-six percent (86%) of participants received fewer accommodations in university (6.34 fewer on average). The most frequently lost accommodations were individualized instructional supports and extra time on exams. High school students who received human-assisted accommodations, and those who identified as exceptional, lost the highest number of accommodations. Accommodations increased for students who attended private high schools. These findings have practice implications for both high schools and universities. Instead of using disability labels, high school students with disabilities should be taught how to describe their disability-related functional limitations (FLs) within academic activities. High schools should align Grade 12 academic accommodations specifically to disability-related FLs for university-bound students with disabilities. Universities should communicate clear information about its accommodation process. This includes the conditions in which specific accommodations, such as memory aids, are granted. Universities should identify and support students whose accommodations change significantly upon their arrival from high school. Finally, universities ought to adopt Universal Design for Learning principles in teaching wherever possible. This will help create a welcoming learning environment for all students, including high school students experiencing significant changes to their accommodations as they transition to university.