Journal articles: 'Identity and similarity'

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Douven, Igor, and Lieven Decock. "Identity and similarity." Philosophical Studies 151, no. 1 (June 5, 2009): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-009-9415-5.

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Deutsch, Harry. "Identity and General Similarity." Nous 32, S12 (October 1998): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.32.s12.8.

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Bahlul, Raja. "Identity and Necessary Similarity." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22, no. 4 (December 1992): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1992.10717297.

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The Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PH), commonly attributed to Leibniz, has given rise to much discussion and debate. Thus philosophers have argued over how it should be formulated, whether it is (necessarily) true, and what, if any, metaphysical consequences it has.It is not my intention to add to these discussions here, having done so elsewhere. Rather, I intend to introduce and defend a closely related principle which I shall, for want of a better name, refer to as The Principle of the Identity of Necessary Similarity’ (PINS).In section II, I briefly recapitulate some of the distinctions and other relevant points which are customarily made in connection with (PH). This is all too familiar material, but it is necessary in order to provide a general framework of concepts in terms of which we can discuss (PINS) in an intelligible fashion.

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Wang, Changzheng, Xuechun Zhou, and Minxue Huang. "Seeking similarity or reserving differences." Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcmars-01-2019-0011.

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Purpose Chinese face refers to reputation, others’ respect or compliance which is gained through self-representation and role-playing. The purpose of this paper is to identify and distinguish the four dimensions of face construct: personal identity-face, family identity-face, friend identity-face and occupational identity-face. Based on this, the authors discuss and investigate the influence of four different face dimensions on a consumer’s need for uniqueness (CNFU). Design/methodology/approach This research uses a questionnaire survey method and convenience samples. Subjects are students from a university in Wuhan operated directly under the Ministry of Education. A total of 730 questionnaires were distributed mainly in libraries and study rooms. After eliminating invalid questionnaires, 690 questionnaires were obtained. In sum, 44.1 percent research subjects are males, and 59 percent of them are undergraduate samples; 92.5 percent subjects’ monthly disposable consumption was less than 2,000 yuan. Findings The result shows that the influence paths and directions are different. Specifically, personal identity-face and family identity-face restrain CNFU through promoting interdependent self-construal, and friend identity-face and occupational identity-face facilitate CNFU through enhancing the consumer’s susceptibility to normative influence. Originality/value These findings are useful for clarify contemporary Chinese individuality-seeking consumption and conformity consumption behavior, and will shed light on form strategic practices, such as brand positioning and product communication.

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Munday, Rodrick. "Similar fact evidence: Identity cases and striking similarity." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399361018.

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ENGLISH law sets out from the proposition that, lest it prejudice the tribunal, the prosecution in a criminal case may not adduce evidence that an accused has committed any wrongdoing other than the offence(s) actually charged. Although other misconduct evidence is still supposed only to be admitted if strongly relevant to the issues being tried, over the years the courts have steadily relaxed this self-denying ordinance. Most recently, in D.P.P. v. P [1992] 2 A.C. 447 Lord Mackay L.C. abandoned the view espoused by members of the House of Lords in D.P.P. v. Boardman [1975] A.C. 421 that other misconduct evidence may only be adduced if it displays a “striking similarity” to the misconduct charged. He declared that in determining its admissibility a judge had only to consider whether the probative force of the other misconduct was “sufficiently great to make it just to admit the evidence, notwithstanding that it is prejudicial to the accused in tending to show that he was guilty of another crime” (p. 460).

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Kanduc, Darja. "Homology, similarity, and identity in peptide epitope immunodefinition." Journal of Peptide Science 18, no. 8 (June 14, 2012): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.2419.

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Morganti, Matteo. "The Partial Identity Account of Partial Similarity Revisited." Philosophia 39, no. 3 (November 4, 2010): 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-010-9290-5.

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Ďuračiová, Renata, Alexandra Rášová, and Tibor Lieskovský. "Fuzzy Similarity and Fuzzy Inclusion Measures in Polyline Matching: A Case Study of Potential Streams Identification for Archaeological Modelling in GIS." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 104, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0020.

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Abstract When combining spatial data from various sources, it is often important to determine similarity or identity of spatial objects. Besides the differences in geometry, representations of spatial objects are inevitably more or less uncertain. Fuzzy set theory can be used to address both modelling of the spatial objects uncertainty and determining the identity, similarity, and inclusion of two sets as fuzzy identity, fuzzy similarity, and fuzzy inclusion. In this paper, we propose to use fuzzy measures to determine the similarity or identity of two uncertain spatial object representations in geographic information systems. Labelling the spatial objects by the degree of their similarity or inclusion measure makes the process of their identification more efficient. It reduces the need for a manual control. This leads to a more simple process of spatial datasets update from external data sources. We use this approach to get an accurate and correct representation of historical streams, which is derived from contemporary digital elevation model, i.e. we identify the segments that are similar to the streams depicted on historical maps.

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Gülgöz, Selin, Jessica J. Glazier, Elizabeth A. Enright, Daniel J. Alonso, Lily J. Durwood, Anne A. Fast, Riley Lowe, et al. "Similarity in transgender and cisgender children’s gender development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (November 18, 2019): 24480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909367116.

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Gender is one of the central categories organizing children’s social world. Clear patterns of gender development have been well-documented among cisgender children (i.e., children who identify as a gender that is typically associated with their sex assigned at birth). We present a comprehensive study of gender development (e.g., gender identity and gender expression) in a cohort of 3- to 12-y-old transgender children (n = 317) who, in early childhood, are identifying and living as a gender different from their assigned sex. Four primary findings emerged. First, transgender children strongly identify as members of their current gender group and show gender-typed preferences and behaviors that are strongly associated with their current gender, not the gender typically associated with their sex assigned at birth. Second, transgender children’s gender identity (i.e., the gender they feel they are) and gender-typed preferences generally did not differ from 2 comparison groups: cisgender siblings (n = 189) and cisgender controls (n = 316). Third, transgender and cisgender children’s patterns of gender development showed coherence across measures. Finally, we observed minimal or no differences in gender identity or preferences as a function of how long transgender children had lived as their current gender. Our findings suggest that early sex assignment and parental rearing based on that sex assignment do not always define how a child identifies or expresses gender later.

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Suka Parwita, Wayan Gede, and Edi Winarko. "Hybrid Recommendation System Memanfaatkan Penggalian Frequent Itemset dan Perbandingan Keyword." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.7545.

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AbstrakRecommendation system sering dibangun dengan memanfaatkan data peringkat item dan data identitas pengguna. Data peringkat item merupakan data yang langka pada sistem yang baru dibangun. Sedangkan, pemberian data identitas pada recommendation system dapat menimbulkan kekhawatiran penyalahgunaan data identitas.Hybrid recommendation system memanfaatkan algoritma penggalian frequent itemset dan perbandingan keyword dapat memberikan daftar rekomendasi tanpa menggunakan data identitas pengguna dan data peringkat item. Penggalian frequent itemset dilakukan menggunakan algoritma FP-Growth. Sedangkan perbandingan keyword dilakukan dengan menghitung similaritas antara dokumen dengan pendekatan cosine similarity.Hybrid recommendation system memanfaatkan kombinasi penggalian frequent itemset dan perbandingan keyword dapat menghasilkan rekomendasi tanpa menggunakan identitas pengguna dan data peringkat dengan penggunaan ambang batas berupa minimum similarity, minimum support, dan jumlah rekomendasi. Nilai pengujian yaitu precision, recall, F-measure, dan MAP dipengaruhi oleh besarnya nilai ambang batas yang ditetapkan. Kata kunci— Hybrid recommendation system, frequent itemset, cosine similarity. AbstractRecommendation system was commonly built by manipulating item is ranking data and user is identity data. Item ranking data were rarely available on newly constructed system. Whereas, giving identity data to the recommendation system causes concerns about identity data misuse.Hybrid recommendation system used frequent itemset mining algorithm and keyword comparison, it can provide recommendations without identity data and item ranking data. Frequent itemset mining was done using FP-Gwowth algorithm and keyword comparison with calculating document similarity value using cosine similarity approach.Hybrid recommendation system with a combination of frequent itemset mining and keywords comparison can give recommendations without using user identity and rating data. Hybrid recommendation system using 3 thresholds ie minimum similarity, minimum support, and number of recommendations. With the testing data used, precision, recall, F-measure, and MAP testing value are influenced by the threshold value. Keywords— Hybrid recommendation system, frequent itemset, cosine similarity.

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Vida, Mark D., Adrian Nestor, David C. Plaut, and Marlene Behrmann. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of similarity-based neural representations of facial identity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614763114.

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Humans’ remarkable ability to quickly and accurately discriminate among thousands of highly similar complex objects demands rapid and precise neural computations. To elucidate the process by which this is achieved, we used magnetoencephalography to measure spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity with high temporal resolution during visual discrimination among a large and carefully controlled set of faces. We also compared these neural data to lower level “image-based” and higher level “identity-based” model-based representations of our stimuli and to behavioral similarity judgments of our stimuli. Between ∼50 and 400 ms after stimulus onset, face-selective sources in right lateral occipital cortex and right fusiform gyrus and sources in a control region (left V1) yielded successful classification of facial identity. In all regions, early responses were more similar to the image-based representation than to the identity-based representation. In the face-selective regions only, responses were more similar to the identity-based representation at several time points after 200 ms. Behavioral responses were more similar to the identity-based representation than to the image-based representation, and their structure was predicted by responses in the face-selective regions. These results provide a temporally precise description of the transformation from low- to high-level representations of facial identity in human face-selective cortex and demonstrate that face-selective cortical regions represent multiple distinct types of information about face identity at different times over the first 500 ms after stimulus onset. These results have important implications for understanding the rapid emergence of fine-grained, high-level representations of object identity, a computation essential to human visual expertise.

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Amiot, Catherine E., Deborah J. Terry, and Blake M. McKimmie. "Social Identity Change During an Intergroup Merger: The Role of Status, Similarity, and Identity Threat." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 34, no. 5 (September 2012): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2012.712016.

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Cuganesan, Suresh. "Identity Paradoxes: How Senior Managers and Employees Negotiate Similarity and Distinctiveness Tensions over Time." Organization Studies 38, no. 3-4 (July 29, 2016): 489–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840616655482.

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Employee identity is shaped by a need to feel similarity to, as well as distinctiveness from, others in organizations. While this paradoxical tension is important we know little about how it is managed over time, especially when senior managers prioritize one element of the paradox over the other. Consequently I investigate how senior managers and employees negotiate the similarity–distinctiveness identity paradox over time, doing so through a longitudinal case study of a police organization undergoing change. The study contributes to prior paradox literature in two significant ways. First, it reveals how senior managers and employees negotiate tensions in employee identity between similarity and distinctiveness as an emergent and cyclical process of identity regulation and heterogeneous identity work. This shows how the balance between similarity and distinctiveness is both elusive to achieve for all organizational participants and difficult to sustain over time. Second, it highlights how defensive approaches to identity paradox may lead to positive outcomes, with this contingent on organizational participants’ ability to make strong claims about the importance of the paradox element they favour for the organization’s future.

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Honig, Tal, and Galit Yovel. "The power of labels: Conceptual similarity influences face identity decisions." Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2377.

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Harris, Catherine L., and Alison L. Morris. "Identity and similarity in repetition blindness: no cross-over interaction." Cognition 81, no. 1 (August 2001): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00138-4.

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Schroeder, Marcin J. "Analogy in Terms of Identity, Equivalence, Similarity, and Their Cryptomorphs." Philosophies 4, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies4020032.

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Analogy belongs to the class of concepts notorious for a variety of definitions generating continuing disputes about their preferred understanding. Analogy is typically defined by or at least associated with similarity, but as long as similarity remains undefined this association does not eliminate ambiguity. In this paper, analogy is considered synonymous with a slightly generalized mathematical concept of similarity which under the name of tolerance relation has been the subject of extensive studies over several decades. In this approach, analogy can be mathematically formalized in terms of the sequence of binary relations of increased generality, from the identity, equivalence, tolerance, to weak tolerance relations. Each of these relations has cryptomorphic presentations relevant to the study of analogy. The formalism requires only two assumptions which are satisfied in all of the earlier attempts to formulate adequate definitions which met expectations of the intuitive use of the word analogy in general contexts. The mathematical formalism presented here permits theoretical analysis of analogy in the contrasting comparison with abstraction, showing its higher level of complexity, providing a precise methodology for its study and informing philosophical reflection. Also, arguments are presented for the legitimate expectation that better understanding of analogy can help mathematics in establishing a unified and universal concept of a structure.

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Gonzalez, Jorge A., and Subhajit Chakraborty. "Image and similarity: an identity orientation perspective to organizational identification." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 33, no. 1 (February 3, 2012): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437731211193115.

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Kjøll, Georg. "Content Similarity and Communicative Success." International Review of Pragmatics 2, no. 1 (2010): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187731010x494717.

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AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the relevance theoretic view of shared content and ask how one can use the theory to understand in what situations communication is successful and when it's not. The paper is meant as a case study in the philosophy of linguistics, in which I aim to draw some conclusions based on a particular debate between two very influential groups of theorists. I look at Cappelen and Lepore's (2007) critique of Sperber and Wilson (1995) and claim that, contrary to standard conceptions in philosophy, it is possible to be a coherent similarity theorist about communicated content, postulating another level of content as the locus of identity. I emphasize the importance of basing a similarity view of communication on a foundation of identity, and argue, against Wedgwood (2007), that it's not possible for relevance theorists to abstract away from this issue.

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COOK, JERRY L., and RANDALL M. JONES. "Congruency of Identity Style in Married Couples." Journal of Family Issues 23, no. 8 (November 2002): 912–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251302237297.

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According to Erik Erikson, identity is an important precursor to the satisfaction that one gains from intimate relationships during adulthood. Identity styles refer to the processes by which individuals construct and reconstruct their personal identity or sense of self. Berzonsky identified the following three identity styles (orientations): information orientation, characterized by exploration, evaluation, and use of self-relevant information; normative orientation, characterized by conformity to the expectations of significant others; and diffuse orientation, characterized by procrastination and avoidance. This study assessed the degree to which similarity in identity styles contributes to marital satisfaction among recently married couples ( N = 84 couples). Analyses indicate that (a) men report greater marital satisfaction than women, (b) couples with similar identity styles report greater marital satisfaction than couples with dissimilar identity styles, and (c) women's reports of marital satisfaction are more influenced (than men) by similarity of identity style.

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Agarwal, Nitin, Huan Liu, Sudheendra Murthy, Arunabha Sen, and Xufei Wang. "A Social Identity Approach to Identify Familiar Strangers in a Social Network." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2009): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v3i1.13946.

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We present a novel problem of searching for ‘familiar strangers’ in a social network. Familiar strangers are individuals who are not directly connected but exhibit some similarity. The power-law nature of social networks determines that majority of individuals are directly connected with a small number of fellow individuals, and similar individuals can be largely unknown to each other. Moreover, the individuals of a social network have only a local view of the network, which makes the problem of aggregating these familiar strangers a challenge. In this work, we formulate the problem, show why it is significant to address the challenge, and present an approach that innovatively employs the social identities of the individuals with competitive approaches. A blogger and citation network are used to showcase technical details and empirical results with related issues and future work.

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Nicholas Hamid, P. "THE VALIDITY OF AN UNOBTRUSIVE MEASURE OF SOCIAL IDENTITY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 24, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1996.24.2.157.

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A simple method of measuring social and national identity (SIM) is described based on the mapping of social category placements in a defined field. The meaning of placements was investigated using judgments of similarity, attraction, closeness and trust for interpersonal groups and similarity, attraction of life style and trust for national groups. The validity and reliability of the measure of rank ordered distance placements was established. The utility of the measure when applied to social groups is demonstrated in the contexts of an emerging group, in an organizational setting and with national stereotypes. The measure is easy to apply and could be useful in research where a relatively unobtrusive measure of interpersonal, social or cross-cultural conflict is sought.

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Riberto, Martina, Deborah Talmi, and Gorana Pobric. "Symmetry in Emotional and Visual Similarity between Neutral and Negative Faces." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112091.

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Is Mr. Hyde more similar to his alter ego Dr. Jekyll, because of their physical identity, or to Jack the Ripper, because both evoke fear and loathing? The relative weight of emotional and visual dimensions in similarity judgements is still unclear. We expected an asymmetric effect of these dimensions on similarity perception, such that faces that express the same or similar feeling are judged as more similar than different emotional expressions of same person. We selected 10 male faces with different expressions. Each face posed one neutral expression and one emotional expression (five disgust, five fear). We paired these expressions, resulting in 190 pairs, varying either in emotional expressions, physical identity, or both. Twenty healthy participants rated the similarity of paired faces on a 7-point scale. We report a symmetric effect of emotional expression and identity on similarity judgements, suggesting that people may perceive Mr. Hyde to be just as similar to Dr. Jekyll (identity) as to Jack the Ripper (emotion). We also observed that emotional mismatch decreased perceived similarity, suggesting that emotions play a prominent role in similarity judgements. From an evolutionary perspective, poor discrimination between emotional stimuli might endanger the individual.

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Kinoshita, Sachiko, Lili Yu, Rinus G. Verdonschot, and Dennis Norris. "Letter identity and visual similarity in the processing of diacritic letters." Memory & Cognition 49, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01125-2.

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Ward, Thomas B., Brian H. Stagner, James G. Scott, Susan T. Marcus-Mendoza, and Darrell Turner. "Classification behavior and measures of intelligence: Dimensional identity versus overall similarity." Perception & Psychophysics 45, no. 1 (January 1989): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03208035.

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Satta, Riccardo, and Andrea Ciardulli. "Sensor pattern noise and image similarity for picture‐to‐identity linking." IET Computer Vision 9, no. 5 (October 2015): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2014.0320.

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Burgund, E. Darcy, and Jennifer K. Edwards. "Identity versus similarity priming for letters in left mid-fusiform cortex." NeuroReport 19, no. 7 (May 2008): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282fdf688.

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Neumann, Markus, Francesca De Bonis, Gillian Rhodes, and Romina Palermo. "The role of similarity in coding ensemble identity of face groups." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.705.

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Chialant, Doriana, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Identity and similarity factors in repetition blindness: implications for lexical processing." Cognition 63, no. 1 (April 1997): 79–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(96)00789-5.

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Charles, Atira Cherise, and Rachel Kane. "Racioethnic Identity as a Boundary Condition in the Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 14424. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.14424abstract.

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Zhou, Qiang, Xindong Ye, Danyang Liao, and Weidong Zhang. "Modulation of Facial Processing by Identity Information in a Face Similarity Evaluation Task." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 8 (September 24, 2014): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.8.1325.

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We used a face similarity task with event-related potentials (ERPs) in a study conducted with 22 individuals in order to examine the processing of identity information. During the evaluation task, significant variations in the late negative potential were elicited by different identity contexts of couples versus strangers. By contrast, the face-specific N170 component was not significantly affected by variations in identity context. In addition, participants' behavioral data were significantly influenced by the task instructions, but not by the true relationship of the couple. Together, ERP and behavioral results suggest that the evaluation of face similarity with identity information occurs at a later stage.

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Romney, Jessica M. "A Laconian Deipnon in a Persian Skenē: Food-Based Identity Rhetoric in the Histories." Mouseion 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/mous.19.3.01.

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This article examines two instances in the Histories (1.133.2, 9.82.1–3) where Herodotus compares Greek and Persian meals to one another. Although these comparisons appear to reinforce identity rhetoric which sets a Greek “Us” against a Persian “Them,” I argue that when situated within the larger narrative of the Histories and Herodotus’ discussions of ethnic foodways, the comparisons reinforce the basic similarity of Persians and Greeks as peoples whose diet depends on sitos, or cooked grain. This similarity in diet suggests a similarity in identity as Herodotus destabilizes contemporary identity rhetoric opposing Greeks (as a whole or as individual groups) and Persians.

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Smith-Vidaurre, Grace, Marcelo Araya-Salas, and Timothy F. Wright. "Individual signatures outweigh social group identity in contact calls of a communally nesting parrot." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz202.

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Abstract Despite longstanding interest in the evolutionary origins and maintenance of vocal learning, we know relatively little about how social dynamics influence vocal learning processes in natural populations. The “signaling group membership” hypothesis proposes that socially learned calls evolved and are maintained as signals of group membership. However, in fission–fusion societies, individuals can interact in social groups across various social scales. For learned calls to signal group membership over multiple social scales, they must contain information about group membership over each of these scales, a concept termed “hierarchical mapping.” Monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus), small parrots native to South America, exhibit vocal mimicry in captivity and fission–fusion social dynamics in the wild. We examined patterns of contact call acoustic similarity in Uruguay to test the hierarchical mapping assumption of the signaling group membership hypothesis. We also asked whether geographic variation patterns matched regional dialects or geographic clines that have been documented in other vocal learning species. We used visual inspection, spectrographic cross-correlation and random forests, a machine learning approach, to evaluate contact call similarity. We compared acoustic similarity across social scales and geographic distance using Mantel tests and spatial autocorrelation. We found high similarity within individuals, and low, albeit significant, similarity within groups at the pair, flock and site social scales. Patterns of acoustic similarity over geographic distance did not match mosaic or graded patterns expected in dialectal or clinal variation. Our findings suggest that monk parakeet social interactions rely more heavily upon individual recognition than group membership at higher social scales.

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Beech, Nic, Andrew D. Brown, Christine Coupland, and Leanne Cutcher. "Learning from difference and similarity: Identities and relational reflexive learning." Management Learning 52, no. 4 (September 2021): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505076211038900.

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Within organizations there is reciprocal interplay between identity construction and learning. Processes of learning are enabled and constrained by identity practices; concomitantly, the possibilities for learning are shaped by the identity positions available to individuals. There is a dynamic between the impositions of organizations and people’s freedom to shape their identities and learning plays a crucial role in this. Our purpose in this special issue is to contribute to the understanding of the intersection of identity work and learning as a response to experiences of being different. Experiences of difference include moving into a new role, encountering a disjuncture with others while in a role or a difference in broader life which is reacted to as if it were a problem in an organizational setting. Being different produces a variety of challenges and the papers in this special issue trace how people cope with vulnerabilities, develop resilience and often collaborate in their learning. We focus on how people reflect on their own identity and learn and how, by learning together with people who have similar experiences, micro-communities can support, develop and enhance their insight and identity-positions.

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L.R., Raupova, and Safarova G.Q. "EUPHEMISM – AS A LINGUISTIC UNIT EXPRESSING NATIONAL-MENTAL IDENTITY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-10-23.

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The article deals with the euphemic use of language units, which are one of the social features of the language, euphemic phenomena, the commonality of language and culture between them. It is noted that the study of the connection of language units with the context, the situation of speech only gives a full opportunity to correctly understand their meaning, which determines the need for sociolinguistic knowledge. It is noted that the cultural similarity of euphemisms stems from the uniformity of the tasks assigned to them. It is concluded that the use of euphemisms in speech often depends on the values that have developed in a particular society, the norms of etiquette and socio-cultural speech norms.

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ORHAN, Sibel, Muhammet GÜMÜŞ, and Emine KIZILKAYA. "TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP: EXAMINING INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITY." IEDSR Association 6, no. 15 (September 20, 2021): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.356.

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Success in the global market is for a manager's purpose. oriented towards the success of success. Are there general views of the worldwide visual millets? This research also seeks answers. In the upper layer, a spherical oil vehicle consists of two main sections and one large side. survey was conducted. It did not identify participants' disclosures of exceptional examples of organizational performance and targeted disclosures. It has led to content analysis in ways that are not focused on the subject. The superior finding is universal for the master class for excellent performance. Stay away from local areas in emphasis among the six regions of the world. In addition, its two main inclusions, associated with different cultures, and its long-established, clearly defined features with corporate identity. In this respect, they have manufacturability under the same conditions as for their performance in transition. One of the results from this study will be used to demonstrate about the future all day.

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BERENT, IRIS, and JOSEPH SHIMRON. "Co-occurrence restrictions on identical consonants in the Hebrew lexicon: are they due to similarity?" Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 1 (March 2003): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001949.

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It is well known that Semitic languages restrict the co-occurrence of identical and homorganic consonants in the root. The IDENTITY HYPOTHESIS attributes this pattern to distinct constraints on identical and nonidentical homorganic consonants (e.g. McCarthy 1986, 1994). Conversely, the SIMILARITY HYPOTHESIS captures these restrictions in terms of a single monotonic ban on perceived similarity (Pierrehumbert 1993; Frisch, Broe & Pierrehumbert 1997). We compare these accounts by examining the acceptability of roots with identical and homorganic consonants at their end. If well-formedness is an inverse, monotonic function of similarity, then roots with identical (fully similar) consonants should be less acceptable than roots with homorganic (partially similar) consonants. Contrary to this prediction, Hebrew speakers prefer root final identity to homorganicity. Our results suggest that speakers encode long-distance identity among root radicals in a manner that is distinct from feature similarity.

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Barta, Kristen, Katelyn Wolberg, and Nazanin Andalibi. "Similar Others, Social Comparison, and Social Support in Online Support Groups." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (September 28, 2023): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610086.

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Social comparison and social support have implications for individuals' wellbeing, offline and on social media. Perceptions of similarity underlie both social comparison and social support processes, though how comparison and support function in tandem in online spaces, and which aspects of identity and experiential similarity are salient to which comparison and support outcomes, merits investigation. Through interviews with people who have joined or considered joining social media-based support groups following pregnancy loss (N=18), we provide an intracommunity view into social comparison within online support groups. We identify a set of identity and experience attributes that inform perceptions of similarity and difference in these support spaces. We characterize tensions arising from these attributes and propose the preliminary Social Comparison and Social Support in Online Support Groups model to describe interactions between social support and comparison processes within online support groups. We further discuss findings' implications for design, including via introducing the tolerance principle of online health support groups. CAUTION: This paper includes quotes about pregnancy loss.

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Lee, Bokyung. "Balancing Similarity with Difference: Market Identity and Strategic Deviation on Firm Performance." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 15392. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.15392abstract.

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Bruffaerts, Rose, Patrick Dupont, Sophie De Grauwe, Ronald Peeters, Simon De Deyne, Gerrit Storms, and Rik Vandenberghe. "Right fusiform response patterns reflect visual object identity rather than semantic similarity." NeuroImage 83 (December 2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.128.

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Župerl, Š., P. Pristovšek, V. Menart, V. Gaberc-Porekar, and M. Novič. "Chemometric Approach in Quantification of Structural Identity/Similarity of Proteins in Biopharmaceuticals." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 47, no. 3 (April 26, 2007): 737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci6005273.

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Elezi, Kujtim, and Nuran Saliu. "Analogy in elements: breaking the national identity." International Journal of Business & Technology 2, no. 2 (May 2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2014.2.2.05.

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The first aim of this paper is to present the after W.W.II temptation of the Macedonian authors to identify national elements that is Macedonian elements in houses build in Macedonia. After identifying them, the same elements (now national) will be used to declare the national heritage in Macedonian houses. Secondly, we would like to compare the same elements found as Macedonian with other places, like Turkey (involving Bursa, Istanbul and other cities), to see if they really are different as those from houses in Turkey, or there is a similarity between them.

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Dreiseitl, A. "Identity of barley powdery mildew resistances Bw and Ru2." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 48, No. 4 (October 31, 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/60/2012-cjgpb.

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A large number of resistances to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) and their combinations are known in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A similarity of resistance spectra between cultivars carrying the resistance Bw, designated for the winter barley cultivar Borwina, and the near-isogenic spring barley line P15, which carries the resistance Ru2, derived from the landrace Rupee, was found. The objective of this study was to test the difference between resistances Bw and Ru2. Six cultivars were tested, four with Bw and two with Ru2. Testing with 40 isolates showed identical reaction spectra between both groups. Testing of the cultivar Kompolti 4 (Bw) and line P15 (Ru2) with 300 isolates confirmed this result. Thus, the resistances currently designated Bw and Ru2 can be regarded as identical, and are determined by the gene Ml(Ru2). Both Bw and Ru2 should be designated by the earlier code, Ru2.

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McDonald, Melissa, Roni Porat, Ayala Yarkoney, Michal Reifen Tagar, Sasha Kimel, Tamar Saguy, and Eran Halperin. "Intergroup emotional similarity reduces dehumanization and promotes conciliatory attitudes in prolonged conflict." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430215595107.

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Creating a sense of interpersonal similarity of attitudes and values is associated with increased attraction and liking. Applying these findings in an intergroup setting, though, has yielded mixed support. Theorizing from a social identity perspective suggests that highlighting intergroup similarity may lead to increased antipathy to the extent that it is perceived as a threat to one’s unique social identity. To circumvent this process, we examine the influence of emotional similarity, rather than attitudinal or value similarity, with the expectation that the short-term nature of emotions may evoke less threat to one’s social identity. Moreover, given the importance of emotions in intergroup humanization processes, we expected that emotional similarity would be associated with greater conciliatory attitudes due to an increase in humanization of the outgroup. We report results from two studies supporting these predictions. Following exposure to an anger-eliciting news story, Jewish Israeli participants were given information that their own emotional reaction to the story was similar (or not) to an individual member of the outgroup (Study 1: Palestinian citizen of Israel) or the outgroup as a whole (Study 2: Palestinians of the West Bank). As predicted, emotional similarity was associated with increased humanization of the outgroup, and a subsequent increase in one’s willingness to support conciliatory political policies toward the outgroup. We conclude that emotional similarity may be a productive avenue for future intergroup interventions, particularly between groups where differences in attitudes and values are foundational to the intergroup conflict.

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Bedford, Felice L. "Generality, mathematical elegance, and evolution of numerical/object identity." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 4 (August 2001): 654–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01220081.

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Object identity, the apprehension that two glimpses refer to the same object, is offered as an example of combining generality, mathematics, and evolution. We argue that it applies to glimpses in time (apparent motion), modality (ventriloquism), and space (Gestalt grouping); that it has a mathematically elegant solution of nested geometries (Euclidean, Similarity, Affine, Projective, Topology); and that it is evolutionarily sound despite our Euclidean world. [Shepard]

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Maier, Christian. "Identity and Cultural Change." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 6 (1993): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001425.

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In psychology, the study of tradition-directed societies (Riesman, 1950) has usually served to “confirm” existing theories as being of universal validity. The same holds true of psychoanalysis: in 1929, Geza Roheim travelled to Normanby Island in Melanesia to prove the universality of the Oedipus complex. He did so in reaction to Bronislaw Malinowski, whose research with the Trobriand Islanders had led him to question that idea. Similarly, C. G. Jung thought he recognized specific archetypal manifestations of the collective unconscious in the tribal traditions of primitive populations.The primary concern of the psychoanalysts was to identify and understand certain regularities in the aliens and to draw parallels between alien and western psychological processes. They were aware of the different psychological structure of members of tradition-directed societies, but their evaluation was biased by their feeling of mental and moral superiority. This bias often resulted in an overly obvious reproduction of the earlier colonialist power structures. Ultimately, the alienness of those populations was as frightening as their similarity; they reminded us of the alien within ourselves, of our own unconscious which Freud called the foreign, or alien, interior.

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Majewski, Jacek, and Frederick M. Cohan. "DNA Sequence Similarity Requirements for Interspecific Recombination in Bacillus." Genetics 153, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.4.1525.

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Abstract Gene transfer in bacteria is notoriously promiscuous. Genetic material is known to be transferred between groups as distantly related as the Gram positives and Gram negatives. However, the frequency of homologous recombination decreases sharply with the level of relatedness between the donor and recipient. Several studies show that this sexual isolation is an exponential function of DNA sequence divergence between recombining substrates. The two major factors implicated in producing the recombinational barrier are the mismatch repair system and the requirement for a short region of sequence identity to initiate strand exchange. Here we demonstrate that sexual isolation in Bacillus transformation results almost exclusively from the need for regions of identity at both the 5′ and 3′ ends of the donor DNA strand. We show that, by providing the essential identity, we can effectively eliminate sexual isolation between highly divergent sequences. We also present evidence that the potential of a donor sequence to act as a recombinogenic, invasive end is determined by the stability (melting point) of the donor-recipient complex. These results explain the exponential relationship between sexual isolation and sequence divergence observed in bacteria. They also suggest a model for rapid spread of novel adaptations, such as antibiotic resistance genes, among related species.

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Zein, Muhammad Hazri, and Budiwirman Budiwirman. "Perancangan Visual Identity Babsatu Coffee & Bakery di Payakumbuh." DEKAVE : Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual 11, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/dekave.v11i2.113154.

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Babsatu Coffee & Bakery is a coffee shop located in Payakumbuh City owned by Ikhsan Marza. This cafe does not yet have a logo, so the logo is designed in the form of a colored logo and typography to represent the previous concept so that consumers and potential customers can easily remember it. The logo was formed based on the concept of Gestalt similarity logo theory or similarity in shape by using the shape of an owl as a topping, a cup as an owl's body and coasters as legs, followed by the letters of the name "chapter" itself, and using the word "Coffee & Bakery". “Like the title below, the shape fits well with a nice and modern shape. The design of Babsatu Coffee & Bakery's visual identity analysis is a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Treatment) analysis to find solutions and problems. The design process begins by observing and interviewing the owner of Babsatu Coffee & Bakery to obtain the data needed to design this visual identity. The main media are in the form of brochures and supporting media in the form of posters, roll banners, business cards, T-shirts, stickers, paper bags, and cups. Keywords: Visual Identity, logo, babsatu coffee & bakery

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Opitz, Juri, Letitia Parcalabescu, and Anette Frank. "AMR Similarity Metrics from Principles." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (September 2020): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00329.

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Different metrics have been proposed to compare Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) graphs. The canonical Smatch metric (Cai and Knight, 2013 ) aligns the variables of two graphs and assesses triple matches. The recent SemBleu metric (Song and Gildea, 2019 ) is based on the machine-translation metric Bleu (Papineni et al., 2002 ) and increases computational efficiency by ablating the variable-alignment. In this paper, i) we establish criteria that enable researchers to perform a principled assessment of metrics comparing meaning representations like AMR; ii) we undertake a thorough analysis of Smatch and SemBleu where we show that the latter exhibits some undesirable properties. For example, it does not conform to the identity of indiscernibles rule and introduces biases that are hard to control; and iii) we propose a novel metric S2 match that is more benevolent to only very slight meaning deviations and targets the fulfilment of all established criteria. We assess its suitability and show its advantages over Smatch and SemBleu.

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Reiff, Joseph S., Hal E. Hershfield, and Jordi Quoidbach. "Identity Over Time: Perceived Similarity Between Selves Predicts Well-Being 10 Years Later." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619843931.

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When individuals feel similar to their future self, they are more likely to delay present gratification and make plans for the long run. But do these feelings of similarity actually correspond with heightened well-being for the future self? Theoretically, making patient decisions in the present could lead to a future self who is better off and thus more satisfied. Alternatively, perceived overlap with the future self could cause people to continually deny themselves pleasures in the present, diminishing satisfaction over time. To adjudicate between these possibilities, we use a 10-year longitudinal data set ( N = 4,963) to estimate how thoughts about one’s future self in an initial survey predict life satisfaction 10 years later. Controlling for initial life satisfaction, greater perceived similarity to the future self is linearly associated with greater life satisfaction 10 years after the original prediction, a finding that is robust to a number of alternative analyses.

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Li, Zhaoyi, Xiaofang Lei, Xinze Yan, Zhiguo Hu, and Hongyan Liu. "Attractiveness Evaluation and Identity of Self-face: The Effect of Sexual Dimorphism." i-Perception 12, no. 6 (November 2021): 204166952110587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211058799.

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The present study aims to explore the influence of masculine/feminine changes on the attractiveness evaluation of one's own face, and examine the relationship of this attractiveness evaluation and the similarities between masculine/feminine faces and original faces. A picture was taken from each participant and considered as his or her original self-face, and a male or female face with an average attractiveness score was adopted as the original other face. Masculinized and feminized transformations of the original faces (self-face, male other face, and female other face) into 100% masculine and feminine faces were produced with morphing software stepping by 2%. Thirty female participants and 30 male participants were asked to complete three tasks, i.e., to “like” or “not like” the original face judgment of a given face compared to the original face, to choose the most attractive face from a morphed facial clip, and to subjectively evaluate the attractiveness and similarity of morphed faces. The results revealed that the acceptable range of masculine/feminine transformation for self-faces was narrower than that for other faces. Furthermore, the attractiveness ratings for masculinized or femininized self-faces were correlated with the similarity scores of the faces with the original self-faces. These findings suggested that attractiveness enhancement of self-face through masculinity/femininity must be within reasonable extent and take into account the similarity between the modified faces and the original self-face.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Identity and similarity'

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