Academic literature on the topic 'Identity and similarity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Identity and similarity"
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Douven, Igor, and Lieven Decock. "Identity and similarity." Philosophical Studies 151, no. 1 (June 5, 2009): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-009-9415-5.
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Deutsch, Harry. "Identity and General Similarity." Nous 32, S12 (October 1998): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.32.s12.8.
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Bahlul, Raja. "Identity and Necessary Similarity." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22, no. 4 (December 1992): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1992.10717297.
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The Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PH), commonly attributed to Leibniz, has given rise to much discussion and debate. Thus philosophers have argued over how it should be formulated, whether it is (necessarily) true, and what, if any, metaphysical consequences it has.It is not my intention to add to these discussions here, having done so elsewhere. Rather, I intend to introduce and defend a closely related principle which I shall, for want of a better name, refer to as The Principle of the Identity of Necessary Similarity’ (PINS).In section II, I briefly recapitulate some of the distinctions and other relevant points which are customarily made in connection with (PH). This is all too familiar material, but it is necessary in order to provide a general framework of concepts in terms of which we can discuss (PINS) in an intelligible fashion.
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Wang, Changzheng, Xuechun Zhou, and Minxue Huang. "Seeking similarity or reserving differences." Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcmars-01-2019-0011.
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Purpose Chinese face refers to reputation, others’ respect or compliance which is gained through self-representation and role-playing. The purpose of this paper is to identify and distinguish the four dimensions of face construct: personal identity-face, family identity-face, friend identity-face and occupational identity-face. Based on this, the authors discuss and investigate the influence of four different face dimensions on a consumer’s need for uniqueness (CNFU). Design/methodology/approach This research uses a questionnaire survey method and convenience samples. Subjects are students from a university in Wuhan operated directly under the Ministry of Education. A total of 730 questionnaires were distributed mainly in libraries and study rooms. After eliminating invalid questionnaires, 690 questionnaires were obtained. In sum, 44.1 percent research subjects are males, and 59 percent of them are undergraduate samples; 92.5 percent subjects’ monthly disposable consumption was less than 2,000 yuan. Findings The result shows that the influence paths and directions are different. Specifically, personal identity-face and family identity-face restrain CNFU through promoting interdependent self-construal, and friend identity-face and occupational identity-face facilitate CNFU through enhancing the consumer’s susceptibility to normative influence. Originality/value These findings are useful for clarify contemporary Chinese individuality-seeking consumption and conformity consumption behavior, and will shed light on form strategic practices, such as brand positioning and product communication.
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Munday, Rodrick. "Similar fact evidence: Identity cases and striking similarity." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399361018.
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ENGLISH law sets out from the proposition that, lest it prejudice the tribunal, the prosecution in a criminal case may not adduce evidence that an accused has committed any wrongdoing other than the offence(s) actually charged. Although other misconduct evidence is still supposed only to be admitted if strongly relevant to the issues being tried, over the years the courts have steadily relaxed this self-denying ordinance. Most recently, in D.P.P. v. P [1992] 2 A.C. 447 Lord Mackay L.C. abandoned the view espoused by members of the House of Lords in D.P.P. v. Boardman [1975] A.C. 421 that other misconduct evidence may only be adduced if it displays a “striking similarity” to the misconduct charged. He declared that in determining its admissibility a judge had only to consider whether the probative force of the other misconduct was “sufficiently great to make it just to admit the evidence, notwithstanding that it is prejudicial to the accused in tending to show that he was guilty of another crime” (p. 460).
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Kanduc, Darja. "Homology, similarity, and identity in peptide epitope immunodefinition." Journal of Peptide Science 18, no. 8 (June 14, 2012): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.2419.
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Morganti, Matteo. "The Partial Identity Account of Partial Similarity Revisited." Philosophia 39, no. 3 (November 4, 2010): 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-010-9290-5.
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Ďuračiová, Renata, Alexandra Rášová, and Tibor Lieskovský. "Fuzzy Similarity and Fuzzy Inclusion Measures in Polyline Matching: A Case Study of Potential Streams Identification for Archaeological Modelling in GIS." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 104, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2017-0020.
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Abstract When combining spatial data from various sources, it is often important to determine similarity or identity of spatial objects. Besides the differences in geometry, representations of spatial objects are inevitably more or less uncertain. Fuzzy set theory can be used to address both modelling of the spatial objects uncertainty and determining the identity, similarity, and inclusion of two sets as fuzzy identity, fuzzy similarity, and fuzzy inclusion. In this paper, we propose to use fuzzy measures to determine the similarity or identity of two uncertain spatial object representations in geographic information systems. Labelling the spatial objects by the degree of their similarity or inclusion measure makes the process of their identification more efficient. It reduces the need for a manual control. This leads to a more simple process of spatial datasets update from external data sources. We use this approach to get an accurate and correct representation of historical streams, which is derived from contemporary digital elevation model, i.e. we identify the segments that are similar to the streams depicted on historical maps.
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Gülgöz, Selin, Jessica J. Glazier, Elizabeth A. Enright, Daniel J. Alonso, Lily J. Durwood, Anne A. Fast, Riley Lowe, et al. "Similarity in transgender and cisgender children’s gender development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (November 18, 2019): 24480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909367116.
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Gender is one of the central categories organizing children’s social world. Clear patterns of gender development have been well-documented among cisgender children (i.e., children who identify as a gender that is typically associated with their sex assigned at birth). We present a comprehensive study of gender development (e.g., gender identity and gender expression) in a cohort of 3- to 12-y-old transgender children (n = 317) who, in early childhood, are identifying and living as a gender different from their assigned sex. Four primary findings emerged. First, transgender children strongly identify as members of their current gender group and show gender-typed preferences and behaviors that are strongly associated with their current gender, not the gender typically associated with their sex assigned at birth. Second, transgender children’s gender identity (i.e., the gender they feel they are) and gender-typed preferences generally did not differ from 2 comparison groups: cisgender siblings (n = 189) and cisgender controls (n = 316). Third, transgender and cisgender children’s patterns of gender development showed coherence across measures. Finally, we observed minimal or no differences in gender identity or preferences as a function of how long transgender children had lived as their current gender. Our findings suggest that early sex assignment and parental rearing based on that sex assignment do not always define how a child identifies or expresses gender later.
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Suka Parwita, Wayan Gede, and Edi Winarko. "Hybrid Recommendation System Memanfaatkan Penggalian Frequent Itemset dan Perbandingan Keyword." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.7545.
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AbstrakRecommendation system sering dibangun dengan memanfaatkan data peringkat item dan data identitas pengguna. Data peringkat item merupakan data yang langka pada sistem yang baru dibangun. Sedangkan, pemberian data identitas pada recommendation system dapat menimbulkan kekhawatiran penyalahgunaan data identitas.Hybrid recommendation system memanfaatkan algoritma penggalian frequent itemset dan perbandingan keyword dapat memberikan daftar rekomendasi tanpa menggunakan data identitas pengguna dan data peringkat item. Penggalian frequent itemset dilakukan menggunakan algoritma FP-Growth. Sedangkan perbandingan keyword dilakukan dengan menghitung similaritas antara dokumen dengan pendekatan cosine similarity.Hybrid recommendation system memanfaatkan kombinasi penggalian frequent itemset dan perbandingan keyword dapat menghasilkan rekomendasi tanpa menggunakan identitas pengguna dan data peringkat dengan penggunaan ambang batas berupa minimum similarity, minimum support, dan jumlah rekomendasi. Nilai pengujian yaitu precision, recall, F-measure, dan MAP dipengaruhi oleh besarnya nilai ambang batas yang ditetapkan. Kata kunci— Hybrid recommendation system, frequent itemset, cosine similarity. AbstractRecommendation system was commonly built by manipulating item is ranking data and user is identity data. Item ranking data were rarely available on newly constructed system. Whereas, giving identity data to the recommendation system causes concerns about identity data misuse.Hybrid recommendation system used frequent itemset mining algorithm and keyword comparison, it can provide recommendations without identity data and item ranking data. Frequent itemset mining was done using FP-Gwowth algorithm and keyword comparison with calculating document similarity value using cosine similarity approach.Hybrid recommendation system with a combination of frequent itemset mining and keywords comparison can give recommendations without using user identity and rating data. Hybrid recommendation system using 3 thresholds ie minimum similarity, minimum support, and number of recommendations. With the testing data used, precision, recall, F-measure, and MAP testing value are influenced by the threshold value. Keywords— Hybrid recommendation system, frequent itemset, cosine similarity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Identity and similarity"
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Kast, Chris J. "Social Identity Similarity Effects on an Evaluation of Blame." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1187124798.
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Raha, Sangita. "Identity and similarity : a critical study on the concept of tadatmya in Indian philosophy." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1257.
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Fagan, Tamara. "Stereotypes, Perceptions of Similarity, and Cultural Identity: Factors That May Influence the Academic Achievement of Immigrant Students." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5936.
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For decades, the United States has been known as the nation of immigrants due to the increasing number of immigrant students in the public school system. Although the population of immigrant students steadily increases annually, American society still pressures immigrants into acculturation to fulfill the United States ideals of academic achievement despite the United States claim of multiculturalism (Malcolm & Lowery, 2011). This research focuses on 1st- and 2nd generation immigrant students' strife of acceptance in U.S. culture, while sill preserving their own native culture, and the influence it has on academic achievement.
The researcher interviewed eight (8) adult participants who are either 1st- or 2nd generation immigrant college students. This qualitative case study research aims to determine if forced acculturation or assimilation using stereotypes and perceptions of similarity effects how immigrant students develop their cultural identity, and the influence it has on academic achievement. Four major themes emerged from the participants' responses: parental approval, peer pressure, environmental influence, and feelings about their ethnic group. Basic findings supported that immigrant students' cultural identity is threatened by stereotypes and perceptions of similarity.M.S.
Masters
Child, Family, and Community Sciences
Education and Human Performance
Early Childhood Development and Education
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Limor, Rina Maxine. "Do Social Biases Impede Auditor Reliance on Specialists? Toward a Theory of Social Similarity." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5062.
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Does social similarity between the auditor and a specialist induce social biases that impair the auditor's reliance on the specialist? It is important to examine potential impairments to reliance since auditors do not possess expertise in many of the areas examined during the audit. One type of specialist that is increasingly relied upon by the auditor is the IT specialist.
Since firms have two approaches to the organization of IT personnel (decentralized vs. centralized) and often use professional designations as a hiring criteria for specialists, I examine two dimensions of social similarity: domain knowledge distinctiveness and spatial distance. Using a 2 × 2 experiment manipulating the IT specialist's domain knowledge distinctiveness (distinct vs. overlapping) and spatial distance (in-house office location vs. outsourcing from another office) relative to the auditor, I investigate financial auditors' reliance on IT specialists.
My findings provide evidence of a boundary condition to the widely accepted social identity theory. Specifically, when specialists (IT specialists in this study) are outsourced, marginally less reliance is placed on specialists possessing overlapping (shared) domain knowledge relative to distinct domain knowledge. Additionally, I find evidence of a "consultant effect" in which greater auditor reliance is placed on IT specialists from other offices when the IT specialist possesses distinct domain knowledge relative to the financial auditor. Findings suggest that a broader theory of social similarity in which dimensions of social similarity can interact to produce social biases appears to be more descriptive of real-world social complexities than social identity theory.
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James, Brian M. "Ethnic identity among people of Mexican descent : a comparison of self reference, perception of similarity, and interaction preference /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063347/.
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Bourcier-Béquaert, Bénédicte. "Les effets de la similarité d'âge entre un modèle publicitaire et son récepteur : le cas des femmes âgées de 60 à 70 ans." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1062.
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Ce travail doctoral s’interroge sur le bien-fondé des stratégies publicitaires mettant en avant des mannequins séniors dans le but de séduire cette cible de consommateurs. Trois théories - la comparaison sociale, l’identité sociale et les effets persuasifs de la source –permettent d’élaborer un cadre d’analyse intégrateur des effets de la similarité liée à l’âge. Il met en relation les variables suivantes : l’écart d’âge entre le mannequin et le récepteur, la similarité ressentie avec le mannequin, l’évaluation de la marque (proximité, attitude, considération à l’achat) et l’estime de soi du récepteur suite à l’exposition publicitaire. Deux variables modératrices sont étudiées : la tendance d’âge subjectif et l’âge de divergence. L’étude empirique se fonde sur un échantillon de 444 femmes âgées de 60 à 70 ans et sur un groupe de contrôle constitué de 195 femmes âgées de 20 à 30 ans. L’expérimentation fait varier l’âge du mannequin (la même femme est représentée à trois âges différents : 25, 55 et 65 ans) et le type de produit (alimentaire et cosmétique). Les tests des hypothèses sont réalisés à partir d’équations structurelles (approche PLS). Les principaux résultats montrent : (1) l’impact négatif de l’écart d’âge sur les trois variables d’évaluation de la marque ; (2) le rôle de l’âge dans la formation du jugement de la similarité ressentie avec le mannequin; (3) l’influence positive de la similarité ressentie sur l’évaluation de la marque. La route persuasive de la similarité est plus marquée pour le produit cosmétique et pour les femmes séniors qui ont une faible tendance d’âge. Enfin, elle fonctionne mieux sur les femmes séniors que sur les femmes jeunesOur doctoral work questions advertising strategies using senior models to appeal to this target. Three theories - social comparison, social identity and persuasive source effects – enable us to construct an integrative framework of the similarity effects due to age. This includes the following variables: the age gap between the model and the receiver, the perceived model similarity, brand evaluation variables (proximity, attitude and purchase consideration) and the receiver’s self-esteem after ad exposure. Two moderating variables are taken into account: the subjective age tendency and the discrepancy age.Our empirical study consists of a sample of 444 women aged between 60 and 70 and a control group of 195 women aged between 20 and 30. The experimental design manipulates the model’s age (the same women is represented at three different ages: 25, 55 and 65 years old) and the type of product (food and cosmetics).Testing hypotheses are made from structural equations (PLS approach). The main results show: (1) the negative impact of the age gap on the three brand evaluation variables; (2) the age role when the similarity judgment is forming; (3) the positive influence of the perceived similarity on the evaluation of the brand. The persuasive similarity route is stronger for the cosmetic product and the senior receivers whose subjective age tendency is low. Finally, this similarity route works better on senior women than on younger women
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Jordan, Dominic T. "Identity: A crisis of confidence? Or is it resemblance? An exploration of the different approaches by which eyewitness evidence can be obtained from lineups." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2449.
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Research has shown that eyewitness identification decisions are fallible and often mistaken. Although considerable attention has been afforded to identification decision accuracy and its improvement, mistaken identification decisions continue to contribute to costly errors at the evidentiary stage of the criminal justice system process (i.e., wrongful convictions). Several prominent researchers have suggested, by way of explanation, that the existing framework for obtaining eyewitness evidence from lineups, namely, identification, is inadequate. Indeed, the assumption that witnesses when presented with a lineup, can make reliable identification decisions (i.e., can reliably determine that a lineup member is the same unfamiliar person seen previously committing a crime) has become increasingly disputed. Instead, it has been suggested that witnesses, when presented with a lineup, use the perceptual or visual pattern of information available at encoding and retrieval to make inferences regarding the likely identity of a perpetrator. Guided by this rationale two alternatives, which have approached the eyewitness decision task as one which involves multiple match-based comparisons rather than a single categorical identification decision, have been considered - the non-categorical confidence and non-categorical similarity approaches.
The non-categorical confidence approach describes a process whereby witnesses express judgements, on a continuous scale, regarding how certain they are that each member of a lineup is the target. The non-categorical similarity approach describes a process whereby witnesses make judgements, on a continuous scale, regarding how similar each lineup member is to their memory of a target. Proponents have asserted that confidence and similarity can both facilitate recognition in lineup decision tasks by allowing witnesses to access probative memorial information (i.e., match-to-memory) free from distortive, non-memorial influences which impact categorical identifications.
While initial assessments seem to support this assertion, continued examination of alternative non-categorical approaches and their use in lineup-based recognition tasks is required. To date, attention afforded to understanding how non-categorical judgements are elicited or impacted under variable conditions remains limited. Further, the relationship between categorical identification decisions, non-categorical confidence judgements, and non-categorical similarity judgements in lineup-based decision tasks has not previously been examined. To address these gaps in the literature three experimental studies were conducted.
In each experimental study, participants completed four experimental lineup trials which involved: viewing a target person, completing a brief distractor task, and responding to the lineup. In responding to each lineup participants either made a categorical identification with an associated post-decisional confidence rating (Study 1, N = 343), or non-categorical judgements, on one of two 11-point scales, regarding how certain they were that each member of a photographic lineup was the target person (Study 2, N = 314) or how similar each member of a photographic lineup was to the target person (Study 3, N = 362). Variables in each of the three studies were identical, and included target appearance (no change, change, within-participant), lineup procedure (simultaneous, sequential, between-participant), target/replacement position (early, late, within-participant) and target presence (present, absent, within-participant). Results for each of the three studies are reported independently, however, in a separate chapter additional results are reported which compare data from Studies 1, 2, and 3.
In all three experimental studies, variables primarily influenced responses made from target present lineups. While the effects of procedure and position on participant responses varied across the three experimental studies, altering target appearance exerted a consistent, moderate to large effect on participant responses made using each of the three recognition approaches. As the appearance variable represents a direct manipulation of perceptual, and by extension memorial, signal strength this finding provides some evidence to suggest that non-categorical confidence and similarity judgements access and rely on the same information which underpins categorical identification. This finding was reinforced, in part, by more direct comparisons of the experimental data which revealed a high degree of correspondence in participant responses obtained using identification decisions, non-categorical confidence judgements, and non-categorical similarity judgements. Interestingly, however, direct comparisons also revealed some notable differences between mean measures of confidence and similarity. First, the numerical value of mean similarity exceeded that of mean confidence within all four lineups. Second, discrepancy, which measures the difference between the highest value judgement (i.e., max judgement) and second highest value judgement in a lineup trial, was significantly higher for confidence than similarity within all four lineups. The theoretical implications and practical considerations associated with the main findings and the methodological limitations associated with the experimental materials and research design are discussed. Additional research regarding alternative approaches to lineup-based decision tasks is required, and therefore recommendations for future research are made accordingly.
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Maia, Rubens Dias. "O conceito de identidade na filosofia e nos atos de linguagem." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5661.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Dicionário de Análise do Discurso, of Charaudeau and Maingueneau, at the entry Identidade, affirms that the concept of identity is difficult to define. It is central for most human and social sciences, and it is the object of different definitions, some of which very vague. This encouraged the research about the concept and the word identity. The word is erudite, originated in philosophy, but the idea of identity is permanent and is related to other words of everyday use. This thing, this stuff. Since the time before Socrates there are theories about the concept of being and the principle of identity. It is in the use of language, with the demonstrative adjectives and verb forms that the identification of people occurs, the speaker reveals itself in opposition to the listener: identity and alterity. We intend to demonstrate that the concept of identity has always been linked to the concept of being. Everything has identity if it is a being with internal unity, distinct from others, if it has its own coherence, if it presents its truth and its value. The principle of identity has a negative formulation in the principle of noncontradiction, which guarantees the coherence of both language and communication. Language, however, is not always logical. Sometimes, it seems to contradict the principle of non-contradiction. Language needs the resources for identification: the definition, the metalanguage, the metadiscourse of the speaker, when the speaker can remake his own speech, correct himself, and prevent misunderstandings
O Dicionário de Análise do Discurso, de Charaudeau e Maingueneau, no verbete Identidade afirma que: O conceito de identidade é difícil de definir. Ele é ao mesmo tempo central na maior parte das ciências humanas e sociais, e é objeto de diferentes definições, algumas das quais são muito vagas . Tudo isso motivou a pesquisa sobre o conceito e o termo identidade. O termo é erudito, formado na filosofia, mas a idéia identidade é permanente, e está relacionada com outras palavras de uso comum. Esta coisa, este negócio. Desde a época pré-socrática, encontramos teorias sobre o conceito do ser e o princípio de identidade. É no uso da língua, com os demonstrativos e formas verbais que acontece a identificação das pessoas, revela-se o sujeito em oposição ao interlocutor, identidade e alteridade. Pretendemos mostrar que o conceito de identidade sempre esteve ligado ao conceito de ser. Toda coisa tem identidade na medida em que é ser com unidade interna, distinto de outro, tem coerência própria, apresenta sua verdade e seu valor. O princípio de identidade tem formulação negativa no princípio de nãocontradição, que garante a coerência da linguagem e comunicação. A linguagem, porém, nem sempre é lógica. Parece, às vezes, contrariar o princípio de não-contradição. A língua procura os recursos de identificação: a definição, a metalinguagem, o metadiscurso do locutor, quando o locutor pode refazer sua própria enunciação, corrigir-se, e prevenir malentendidos
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Gharbi, Habib. "De la grammaire à la rhétorique : analogie et ressemblance dans les structures comparatives." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040058.
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La comparaison a toujours été mal cernée aussi bien du côté de la grammaire que de celui de la rhétorique. Pour cette raison, elle ne trouve pas de place bien précise dans les ouvrages de linguistique ou sinon des analyses hétérogènes succinctes et incomplètes. Cette thèse se propose donc d’uniformiser l’étude de la comparaison en en balayant toutes les formes possibles. Par ailleurs, nous tentons de réhabiliter la distinction relative à la tradition gréco-latine entre la comparatio et la similitudo, qui s’est perdue depuis le XVIIe siècle, période où s’est installée la confusion. A partir d’une méthodologie constructiviste qui va des unités minimales vers le texte, cette étude parcourt tous les niveaux de l’analyse linguistique en partant du niveau grammatical tenu comme niveau de référence jusqu’au niveau rhétorique où sont pris en compte les référents extralinguistiques. Elle aboutit ainsi à des distinctions catégoriques entre comparaison et similitude d’une part et entre celle-ci et la métaphore de l’autre. Ces distinctions sont illustrées par des exemples puisés principalement dans la langue littéraire moderne (XIXe et XXe siècles), lesquels sont accompagnés d’analyses détaillées et de classements mettant en évidence la spécificité de chacune de ces notions qui s’inscrivent dans l’étude de l’analogie et la ressemblanceComparison has always been poorly understood whether in grammar or rhetoric. This is why none of the linguistic works or the brief heterogeneous analysis that were made have managed to deal with it in the precise manner they were ought to. Hence comes the objective of my thesis which consists in standardizing the study of Comparison by taking in consideration all of its possible forms. Indeed, I will try to rehabilitate the distinction of the Greco-Roman tradition between Comparatio and Similitudo which was lost since the period of confusion that marked the XVIIth century. Based on a constructive methodology that starts with the smallest units to reach out for the larger text, this study goes through all levels of linguistic analysis, beginning with the grammatical layer, a referential one, to attain the rhetorical layer where extra-linguistic referents are taken into account. It consequently leads to achieve the categorical distinctions between comparison and similitude one the one hand, and between comparison and metaphor on the other. Those distinctions are illustrated by examples drawn basically in modern literature (XIXth and XXth centuries). Interestingly, examples themselves are accompanied with detailed analysis and sundry rankings which are meant to highlight the specificities of every notion in relation to the study of analogy and resemblance
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Diaz, Krystalle Sharlyn. "Using Homology-Based Methods and Functional Similarity to Identify Antibiotic Resistance in a Natural Environment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594942.
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Antibiotics are the crux of modern medicine, and antibiotic resistance (AbR) is a challenge to overcome. It has long been known that antibiotic production by soil microbiota is a natural process. Antibiotics such as streptomycin and penicillin come from common soil microorganisms. AbR is said to spread readily and rapidly through the environment, but its natural occurrence is poorly constrained. In studies analyzing natural AbR across a variety of habitats, researchers have found resistance in agricultural fields, human and animal feces, soils, deep caves, prehistoric ice cores, marine habitats, and reclaimed wastewater. Permafrost soils represent a pristine (human-unimpacted) environment capable of serving as a model system for natural AbR. I compared a functionality-based approach to a traditional identity-based approach to identify AbR sequences in permafrost microbial community genomes. The functionality-based approach yielded better quality results overall, and identified sequences more likely to be mappable to molecular pathways with the KEGG database.
Books on the topic "Identity and similarity"
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Similarity: A Paradigm for Culture Theory. Columbia University Press, 2017.
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Baldwin, Thomas. Identity. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.6.
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Identity is a basic concept which concerns the way in which the world divides up at one time into different things which are then reidentified despite change over the course of time until they cease to exist. Important debates concern the relation between identity and similarity, between something’s identity and the kind of thing it is, how far identity is fixed by human interests, and especially whether identity over time is really coherent. But the special focus of philosophical debate has long been the topic of personal identity—how far this is distinct from that of our bodies and how far it is determined by our self-consciousness. Recent discussions have also emphasized the importance of our sense of our own identity, which perhaps gives a narrative unity to our lives.
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Beaman, Lori G. Alternative Narratives and Getting to Deep Equality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803485.003.0003.
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This chapter explores three related themes: similarity, cooperation, and contaminated diversity. Each highlights the messy and complex nature of social life and each adds an analytical touchstone for understanding the elements of deep equality. The ability to recognize similarity and the experience of contaminated diversity are two important conditions under which deep equality emerges. By examining the ways that the everyday world does not correspond to categorical positioning around diversity and identity, contaminated diversity can be seen to act as an antidote to purity, while similarity undercuts identity rigidity, and both together render the boundaries of Us and Them fuzzy, sometimes indiscernible, and sometimes laughably irrelevant. This chapter discusses why there is a disproportionate emphasis on conflict and difference in public discourse and scholarship. It draws on a body of research from biology, mathematics, and psychology to examine the notion of competition, and the important counter-narrative of cooperation.
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Heil, John. Existents and Universals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796299.003.0004.
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Following the lead of D. C. Williams, the chapter advances the thought that E. J. Lowe’s universals are not, after all, general entities—immanent or transcendent—but particular entities—either objects, such as tomatoes, or their characteristics—considered without regard to their particularity. Just as you can consider a tomato’s color without considering the tomato, so you can consider the tomato’s color without considering it as the tomato’s. The upshot amounts to what Keith Campbell calls ‘painless realism’. Regarding objects’ properties as universals is to adopt what Williams regards as a ‘rule for counting’, according to which identity is grounded in similarity.
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Kreiner, Glen E., and Chad Murphy. Organizational Identity Work. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.4.
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Research on identity work has burgeoned in the management literature, but has focused primarily at the individual level of analysis (e.g., work identity and professional identity). The chapter therefore applies what has been discovered in individual-level identity work research to organizational identity. Similarly, research has blossomed on other forms of “work” that are related to identity work (e.g., institutional work, boundary work). The chapter therefore shows how research on these other forms of agentic work might inform future investigations of organizational identity work. The chapter also offers suggestions for studying issues of consciousness and emotions as applied to organizational identity work.
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Foley, John Miles. Disclaimer. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037184.003.0004.
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This chapter argues against reductive claims that oral tradition and internet technology are the same. It emphasizes that, while the Pathways Project is devoted to exploring the homology between oral tradition and internet technology, homology itself describes a relationship of similarity, but not of identity. Related to this argument is the fact that the oral tradition–internet technology homology at the basis of the Pathways Project resists reductionism and makes room for the innate complexity of media-worlds—the oAgora and eAgora are hardly identical or superimposable, in other words. Hence the chapter argues that the variation between the limits of these two media are the ultimate source of their strength and their staying power.
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Parker, Emma Louise. The Importance of Outsiders to Pauline Communities. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567713827.
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This book argues that, despite Paul’s often dramatic and critical descriptions of non-Christians, his letters reveal a deep concern for the presence of outsiders and for their opinion of Christians. Parker suggests that outsiders are enormously important to Paul: they determine whether Christian communities dwindle or thrive, while also playing a key role in helping such communities to understand and shape their purpose as missional disciples, develop their thinking and practice around normal daily events and relationships – and even shape how they understand God. Parker offers a careful exegesis of the main texts within the Pauline corpus, revealing a sensitivity to the outsider; including 1 Thessalonians, Romans, 1 Corinthians and the Pastoral Epistles. By using Social Identity Theory she explores key concepts of group boundaries, identity and inter-group relations, highlighting a theme which is significant in Paul’s own thought: the importance of similarity between groups. Whilst not denying the counter-cultural identity of the new Christian communities, Parker concludes that Paul reveals the areas of overlap between insiders and outsiders, since these areas not only create opportunities for positive opinions and relationships but also point to a greater understanding of God.
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Williams, Donald C. Universals and Existents. Edited by A. R. J. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810384.003.0004.
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This chapter is on the ontology of universals and of predication. It is argued that universals are neither sums nor sets of similar tropes. What we mean by the general term ‘Humanness’, for instance, is not the sum of humanity-tropes and not the set of humanity-tropes. What we mean is something that is immanent, i.e., wholly present in its instances, namely, Humanness. It is then proposed that this predicative fact can be accounted for in a trope ontology. Universals are immanent, but what this amounts to is that tropes ‘manifest’ universals. A universal is a trope, according to the rule: perfect similarity entails numerical identity. The upshot is that the realist intuition that universals are ‘in’ their instances is explained without postulating a primitive category of universals.
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Tambe, Ashwini, and Millie Thayer, eds. Transnational Feminist Itineraries. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021735.
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Transnational Feminist Itineraries brings together scholars and activists from multiple continents to demonstrate the ongoing importance of transnational feminist theory in challenging neoliberal globalization and the rise of authoritarian nationalisms around the world. The contributors illuminate transnational feminism's unique constellation of elements: its specific mode of thinking across scales, its historical understanding of identity categories, and its expansive imagining of solidarity based on difference rather than similarity. Contesting the idea that transnational feminism works in opposition to other approaches—especially intersectional and decolonial feminisms—this volume instead argues for their complementarity. Throughout, the contributors call for reaching across social, ideological, and geographical boundaries to better confront the growing reach of nationalism, authoritarianism, and religious and economic fundamentalism. Contributors. Mary Bernstein, Isabel Maria Cortesão Casimiro, Rafael de la Dehesa, Carmen L. Diaz Alba, Inderpal Grewal, Cricket Keating, Amy Lind, Laura L. Lovett, Kathryn Moeller, Nancy A. Naples, Jennifer C. Nash, Amrita Pande, Srila Roy, Cara K. Snyder, Ashwini Tambe, Millie Thayer, Catarina Casimiro Trindade
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López, Marissa K. Racial Immanence. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479807727.001.0001.
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Racial Immanence is about how and why artists use the body in contemporary Chicanx cultural production. The book explores disease, disability, abjection, and sense experience in Chicanx visual, verbal, and performing arts from the late 1980s to the early 1990s in order to ask whether it is possible to think of race as something other than a human quality. This attention to the body is a way to push back against two distinct modes of identity politics: first, the desire for art to perform or embody an idealized abstraction of oppositional ethnicity; and second, the neoliberal commodification of identity in the service of better managing difference and dissent. While these two modes seem mutually exclusive, the resistance the artists in Racial Immanence exert toward both suggests a core similarity. By contrast, the cultural objects examined in the book assert human bodies as processes, as agents of change in the world rather than as objects to be known and managed. Within Chicanx cultural production the author locates an articulation of bodily philosophies that challenge the subject/object dualism leading to a global politics of dominance and submission. Instead, she argues, Chicanx cultural production fosters networks of connection that deepen human attachment to the material world, a phenomenon the author terms “racial immanence” that creates the possibility of progressive social change.
Book chapters on the topic "Identity and similarity"
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Nerlich, Brigitte. "11. Identity, Similarity, and Continuity." In The Emergence of the Modern Language Sciences, 151. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.emls1.14ner.
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Umbach, Carla, and Helmar Gust. "Grading Similarity." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 365–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_17.
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AbstractThere are numerous words across languages expressing similarity or indistinguishability. In this paper, three types of similarity expressions in German and English are compared—ähnlich/similar, so/such, and gleich/same. They differ in a number of respects, one of them being gradability: While ähnlich/similar are gradable, so/such as well as gleich/same are not. The analysis in this paper starts from the analysis of German so as a demonstrative expressing similarity (instead of identity) to its demonstration target (Umbach and Gust 2014). It is suggested that the meaning of the three types of similarity expressions is based on a common similarity relation, while differences in meaning are provided by constraints referring to the selection of dimensions of comparison and preconditions of usage. The focus of the paper is on gradability and on the question of what it means for a pair of items to be more similar than another pair. An analysis in the spirit of Klein (1980) is presented accounting for the fact that ähnlich/similar are gradable while neither so/such nor gleich/same are. The formal framework makes use of representations based on attribute spaces and classifiers, where representations may be of different granularity.
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Cheung, David W., Nikos Mamoulis, W. K. Wong, S. M. Yiu, and Ye Zhang. "Anonymous Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption for Similarity Search." In Algorithms and Computation, 61–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17517-6_8.
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Silverman, Daniel. "On Learning Allophonic Relations: Phonetic Identity or Functional Similarity?" In Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 1265. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315782416-285.
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Janowicz, Krzysztof. "Towards a Similarity-Based Identity Assumption Service for Historical Places." In Geographic Information Science, 199–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11863939_14.
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Li, Yong, Zhongying Zhang, Jingpeng Wu, and Qiang Zhang. "Research on User Identity Authentication Based on Online Behavior Similarity." In Big Data, 267–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9709-8_18.
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Heister, Hanns-Werner. "The Principle of Similarity: The Resultant of Identity and Difference." In Music and Fuzzy Logic, 119–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62907-9_4.
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Wu, Faguo, Wang Yao, Xiao Zhang, Zhiming Zheng, and Wenhua Wang. "Identity Based Privacy Information Sharing with Similarity Test in Cloud Environment." In Cloud Computing and Security, 69–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00012-7_7.
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Pimplikar, Rakesh Rameshrao, Kalapriya Kannan, Abhik Mondal, Joydeep Mondal, Sushant Saxena, Gyana Parija, and Chandra Devulapalli. "RISE: Resolution of Identity Through Similarity Establishment on Unstructured Job Descriptions." In Service-Oriented Computing, 19–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69035-3_2.
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Ghanmi, Nabil, Cyrine Nabli, and Ahmad-Montaser Awal. "CheckSim: A Reference-Based Identity Document Verification by Image Similarity Measure." In Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021 Workshops, 422–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86198-8_30.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Identity and similarity"
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Zhang, Hengyi, Chaoying Tang, Xiaojie Li, and Adams Wai Kin Kong. "A study of similarity between genetically identical body vein patterns." In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Biometrics and Identity Management (CIBIM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibim.2014.7015457.
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Sadovnik, Amir, Wassim Gharbi, Thanh Vu, and Andrew Gallagher. "Finding your Lookalike: Measuring Face Similarity Rather than Face Identity." In 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2018.00311.
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Biggio, Battista, Giorgio Fumera, and Fabio Roli. "Learning sparse kernel machines with biometric similarity functions for identity recognition." In 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference On Biometrics: Theory, Applications And Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2012.6374596.
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Sharma, Monika, Ramya Hebbalaguppe, and Lovekesh Vig. "Pre-trained classifiers with One Shot Similarity for context aware face verification and identification." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Identity, Security and Behavior Analysis (ISBA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isba.2017.7947687.
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Ganqin Yao and Chengqi Xue. "Research on the evaluation method of the similarity of the products identity." In 2009 IEEE 10th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design & Conceptual Design. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2009.5375074.
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Shi, Yiran. "A Method of Discriminating User's Identity Similarity Based on Username Feature Greedy Matching." In ICCSP 2018: 2018 the 2nd International Conference on Cryptography, Security and Privacy. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3199478.3199512.
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Qin, Jiawei, and Xueting Wang. "Angle Range and Identity Similarity Enhanced Gaze and Head Redirection based on Synthetic data." In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ism59092.2023.00019.
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Yenikieiev, Oleksandr, Liudmyla Nechvoloda, Dmitriy Zaharenkov, and Katerina Krykunenko. "HARDWARE OF MONITORING THE IDENTITY OF OPERATING CYCLES OF DIESEL GENERATOR." In 2021 III International Scientific and Practical Conference Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Device Development on Microcontrollers and FPGAs. MC-ampFPGA-2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35598/mcfpga.2021.007.
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Abstract It is offered to use a signal of fluctuations of speed of rotation of a cranked shaft at monitoring of identity of working cycles of the power unit. Hardware has been built and information technology for primary signal processing has been created. A deterministic mathematical model of a diesel circuit in the form of a mechanical system with four degrees of freedom under the condition of friction, Laplace transform, methods of similarity theory and signal graph theory, as well as the method of determinants is used in the development of algorithmic software. The monitoring procedure leads to the solution of a system of redefined algebraic equations with optimization of results based on the method of least squares. Keywords: fluctuation signal, information technology, algorithmic software, Laplace Transform.
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Ranawat, Arjun, and Katja Ho¨ltta¨-Otto. "Four Dimensions of Design Similarity." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87085.
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To benefit from the value of a brand, a product family must have a coherent product family look. It is however not clear, what in the design contributes toward the coherence or similarity between the products. In this work, a product family identity is broken down into its basic design elements. The contribution of each of these basic design elements toward similarity is investigated. We present a framework of design elements in four dimensions. Examples of these design elements include color, texture, shape, and form. The contribution of these design elements toward the perceived product similarity is investigated. A two phased factorial analysis was performed. The first phase involved simplified shapes consisting of five design elements in the first two dimensions. In the second phase, a similar survey was repeated using images of real products. A survey of product pairs was given to a total of 52 participants. The results show that using the same shape, texture, color, and pattern has a significant effect on making a product pair seem similar to one another. The results will help a designer to design product families that have a coherent product family look but yet look clearly different from the competing brands.
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Kulkarni, Sagar, Sharvari Govilkar, and Dhiraj Amin. "Text Similarity From Image Contentsusing Statistical and Semantic Analysis Techniques." In 4th International Conference on NLP Trends & Technologies. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.131405.
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Plagiarism detection is one of the most researched areas among the Natural Language Processing(NLP) community. A good plagiarism detection covers all the NLP methods including semantics, named entities, paraphrases etc. and produces detailed plagiarism reports. Detection of Cross Lingual Plagiarism requires deep knowledge of various advanced methods and algorithms to perform effective text similarity checking. Nowadays the plagiarists are also advancing themselves from hiding the identity from being catch in such offense. The plagiarists are bypassed from being detected with techniques like paraphrasing, synonym replacement, mismatching citations, translating one language to another. Image Content Plagiarism Detection (ICPD) has gained importance, utilizing advanced image content processing to identify instances of plagiarism to ensure the integrity of image content. The issue of plagiarism extends beyond textual content, as images such as figures, graphs, and tables also have the potential to be plagiarized. However, image content plagiarism detection remains an unaddressed challenge. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop methods and systems for detecting plagiarism in image content. In this paper, the system has been implemented to detect plagiarism form contents of Images such as Figures, Graphs, Tables etc. Along with statistical algorithms such as Jaccard and Cosine, introducing semantic algorithms such as LSA, BERT, WordNet outperformed in detecting efficient and accurate plagiarism.
Reports on the topic "Identity and similarity"
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Levisohn, Sharon, Maricarmen Garcia, David Yogev, and Stanley Kleven. Targeted Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695853.bard.
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Intraspecies identification (DNA "fingerprinting") of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and monitoring strain identity. However the only widely method available for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS)wasrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This project aimed to develop alternative and supplementary typing methods that will overcome the major constraints of RAPD, such as the need for isolation of the organism in pure culture and the lack of reproducibility intrinsic in the method. Our strategy focussed on recognition of molecular markers enabling identification of MG and MS vaccine strains and, by extension, pathogenic potential of field isolates. Our first aim was to develop PCR-based systems which will allow amplification of specific targeted genes directly from clinical material. For this purpose we evaluated the degree of intraspecies heterogeneity in genes encoding variable surface antigens uniquely found in MG all of which are putative pathogenicity factors. Phylogenic analysis of targeted sequences of selected genes (pvpA, gapA, mgc2, and lp) was employed to determine the relationship among MG strains.. This method, designated gene targeted sequencing (GTS), was successfully employed to identify strains and to establish epidemiologically-linked strain clusters. Diagnostic PCR tests were designed and validated for each of the target genes, allowing amplification of specific nucleotide sequences from clinical samples. An mgc2-PCR-RFLP test was designed for rapid differential diagnosis of MG vaccine strains in Israel. Addressing other project goals, we used transposon mutagenesis and in vivo and in vitro models for pathogenicity to correlated specific changes in target genes with biological properties that may impact the course of infection. An innovative method for specific detection and typing of MS strains was based on the hemagglutinin-encoding gene vlhA, uniquely found in this species. In parallel, we evaluated the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in avian mycoplasmas. AFLP is a highly discriminatory method that scans the entire genome using infrequent restriction site PCR. As a first step the method was found to be highly correlated with other DNA typing methods for MG species and strain differentiation. The method is highly reproducible and relatively rapid, although it is necessary to isolate the strain to be tested. Both AFLP and GTS are readily to amenable to computer-assisted analysis of similarity and construction of a data-base resource. The availability of improved and diverse tools will help realize the full potential of molecular typing of avian mycoplasmas as an integral and essential part of mycoplasma control programs.
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Ueti, Massaro Wilson, and Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz. Identification, characterization and testing of geographically conserved Babesia bovis vaccine antigen candidates. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134143.bard.
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During the development of this project, we selected four potential B. bovis antigens for a subunit vaccine to prevent the clinical signs of acute bovine babesiosis. Selection of the target antigens was based on: (1) profile of expression in parasite blood stages; (2) prediction for protein location on the parasite surface and/or on the surface of infected red blood cells; and (3) target conservation between US and Israeli strains of B. bovis. Following these criteria, the B. bovis targets BBOV_IV009170, BBOV_III007410, BBOV_II001790, and BBOV_III008720 were selected. Full-length genomic sequences of these four targets were compared between Israeli and US strains of B. bovis. Four Israeli parasite strains/isolates were selected for gene conservation analysis: sample ID # 3330 (from Refet Netofa); sample ID # 2673 (Refet Netofa); Sample ID Newe Yaar - Shahar; and the Israeli B. bovis cultured live vaccine 2S61411. The reference B. bovis Texas stain was also used in the analysis. Sequencing analysis showed considerable levels of conservation ranging from 72.2-91.1% and 84.6-94.1% of amino acid identity and similarity, respectively, by comparing Israeli and US B. bovis strains. Recombinant version of the four target antigens were produced in E. coli, purified by nickel columns, and used for antigenic and immunogenic analyses. Antigenic analysis revealed that B. bovis-infected cattle develop high antibody titers to BBOV_III008720. In contrast, no antibodies against BBOV_IV009170, BBOV_III007410, and BBOV_II001790 were detected in sera from infected cattle. Vaccine trial of the four antigens in cattle is currently being carried out. However, preliminary data show that after three inoculations all vaccinated animals (n=5) seroconverted to all four B. bovis antigens. At the time of the preparation of this report, vaccinated and control animals are being challenged with a virulent B. bovis strain from Israel to evaluate protection. Results from the vaccination/trial experiment will set the future directions of this work. Considering the overall results from this project, two manuscripts are currently in preparation. A manuscript currently in preparation will describe the bioinformatics analysis and antigenic evaluation of the four transmembrane B. bovis proteins as potential targets for a subunit vaccine. A second manuscript will report the results from the vaccination/challenge trial. We believe that we have successfully accomplished our objective in this project. By developing this work, we have identified, expressed, and tested conserved antigens for a potential subunit vaccine against B. bovis, and have advanced the state-of-the-art concerning the development of an efficient and sustainable control strategy to bovine babesiosis.
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Blanken, Annelies, Bafrin Abdulmajid, Eva van Geel, Joost Daams, Martin van der Esch, and Michael Nurmohamed. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness and arterial wall thickness in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0131.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of TNF inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness (as measured with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and arterial wall thickness (as measured with carotid intima media thickness) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Condition being studied: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies: EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. For the studies identified as eligible for inclusion, similarity tracking will be used to identify more potentially relevant articles with the ‘related article’ feature in PubMed. In addition, a citation search will be performed for included studies to identify articles that have cited them. Reference lists of the included studies and previous reviews on the subject will be searched for potentially relevant studies. ResearchGate profiles of top authors on the subject will be investigated to identify potentially relevant data points. For ongoing or finished studies that are potentially eligible, but without a publication, study authors will be contacted for information. When additional information is needed, study authors will be contacted as well.
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Wüthrich, Annik. L’expression de la filiation à la XXIe dynastie: reflet d’une réalité historique ou simple effet de mode? L’exemple du Livre des Morts. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/erc_stg_757951_a.wuethrich_l_expression_de_la_filiation_a_la_xxie_dynastie:_reflet_d_une_realit_historique_ou_simple_effet_de_mode_l_exemple_du_livre_des_morts.
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The study of expressions of filiation has already been the subject of several articles, which were limited to periods prior to the Third Intermediate Period. The aim of this article is to evaluate these expressions within the specific framework of the Books of the Dead from the 21st and 22nd Dynasties. These periods are marked by a significant increase in the variety of expressions employed, whereas the New Kingdom manuscripts expressed filiation according to a more uniform and rigid scheme. Similarly to what happens with titles and despite the diversity of expressions, one observes a progressive decrease in the mention of filiation which almost disappears from funerary papyri, while long genealogies on temple statues are developing. This contribution attempts to understand the motivations behind the use of these expressions and more generally to grasp their purpose in expressing the identity of the deceased.
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Agüero, Jorge M., and Javier Torres. Stylized Facts about the Quantity and Quality of Parental Time Investments on the Skill Formation of Their Children. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011786.
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This paper uses seven nationally representative time use surveys in Latin America to identify key stylized facts regarding the quantity and quality of parental time investment on the skill formation of their children. Traditional models of household behavior have failed to account for the differential behavior of parents with respect to skill formation of their children vis-à-vis home production. This paper finds that, similarly to higher-income countries, there is a positive education gradient, as more educated parents spend more time on skill formation than their less educated counterparts. This pattern is observed across all countries. The paper further extends this literature by showing that more educated parents also provide better care for their children, thus increasing the socioeconomic gap.
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Amanda, Haynes, and Schweppe Jennifer. Ireland and our LGBT Community. Call It Hate Partnership, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/8065.
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Basic figures: – A large majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that gay men and lesbians (88%), bisexual people (87%) and transgender people (85%) “should be free to live their own life as they wish”. – Women were significantly more likely than men to agree with the above statement in respect to every identity group. People aged 25-34 years were significantly more likely than the general population to disagree with the statement. – On average, respondents were comfortable having people with a minority sexual orientation or gender identity as neighbours. Responses were significantly more positive towards having lesbians (M=8.51), bisexual people (M=8.40) and gay men (M=8.38) as neighbours compared to transgender people (M=7.98). – High levels of empathy were expressed with crime victims across all identity categories. Respondents were similarly empathetic towards heterosexual couples (M= 9.01), lesbian couples (M=9.05) and transgender persons (M=8.86) who are physically assaulted on the street. However, gay couples (M= 8.55) attracted significantly less empathy than a lesbian couple in similar circumstances. – Respondents were significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of a victim with a disability (M=7.86), than on behalf of an LGBT victim (M=6.96), but significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of an LGBT victim than an Irish Traveller (M= 5.82). – Respondents reported similar willingness to intervene on behalf of a lesbian pushed and slapped on the street by a stranger (M=7.38) and a transgender person (M= 7.03) in the same situation. Respondents were significantly more unlikely to intervene on behalf of a gay man (M=6.63) or bisexual person (M= 6.89) compared to a lesbian. – A third of respondents (33%) disagreed that violence against lesbians, gay men, bisexual and transgender people is a “serious problem in my country”, but more than half (58%) agreed that hate crimes hurt more than equivalent, non-bias, crimes.
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Romero Molina, Paola Ximena. Teaching Lesson Planning to EFL Preservice Teachers: A Review of Studies. Institucion Universitaria Colombo Americana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/paper.19.
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Preparing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) preservice teachers for lesson planning has a been a concern among teacher educators globally. Research has shown that preservice teachers encounter difficulties in aspects such as objective setting, considering their learners’ needs, and matching assessment and objectives, among others. Similarly, preservice teachers still need to be presented with ample opportunities for reflective teaching. These concerns have been addressed by teacher educators in systematic ways. Hence, guided by two sets of research questions, this literature review aims at exploring the procedures that educators in diverse contexts have used to aid their student teachers in preparing for lesson planning. The first set seeks to identify the procedures used as well as their outcomes. The second set of questions aims to inquire on the methodologies adopted. Twelve studies were selected for the final review, which were found using the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Google scholar databases as well as the academia.edu platform. A matrix was created to analyze the papers selected together with a coding process. The analysis revealed that collaborative procedures such as mentoring and lesson study combined with reflective teaching seem to render optimal learning experiences for preservice teachers. A special mention is given to plan lessons using authentic materials. Furthermore, types of methodologies that promote rich description such as case studies appear to be appropriate to frame these studies.
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Allende López, Marcos, Diego López, Sergio Cerón, Antonio Leal, Adrián Pareja, Marcelo Da Silva, Alejandro Pardo, et al. Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003313.
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This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The advent of quantum computing threatens internet protocols and blockchain networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in their public and immutable ledgers. We have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys. Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network. In our implementation, quantum entropy was provided via the IronBridge Platform from CQC and we used LACChain Besu as the blockchain network.
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Hanna, Rema, Bridget Hoffmann, Paulina Oliva, and Jake Schneider. The Power of Perception: Limitations of Information in Reducing Air Pollution Exposure. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003392.
Full textAbstract:
We conduct a randomized controlled trial in Mexico City to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for SMS air quality alerts and to study the effects of air quality alerts, reminders, and a reusable N95 mask on air pollution information and avoidance behavior. At baseline, we elicit WTP for the alerts service after revealing whether the household will receive an N95 mask and participant compensation, but before revealing whether they will receive alert or reminder services. While we observe no significant impact of mask provision on WTP, higher compensation increases WTP, suggesting a possible cash-on-hand constraint. The perception of high pollution days prior to the survey is positively correlated with WTP, but the presence of actual high pollution days is not correlated with WTP. Follow-up survey data demonstrate that the alerts treatment increases reporting of receiving air pollution information via SMS, a high pollution day in the past week, and staying indoors on the most recent perceived high pollution day. However, we observe no significant effect on the ability to correctly identify which specific days had high pollution. Similarly, households that received an N95 mask are more likely to report utilizing a mask with filter in the past two weeks, but we observe no effect on using a filter mask on the specific days with high particulate matter. Although we nd that air quality alerts increased the salience of air quality and avoidance behavior, these results illustrate the difficulty that information treatments face in overcoming perceptions to effectively reduce exposure to air pollution.
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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Role of Phosphorylation in Fungal Spore Germination. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568761.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Spore germination is a common and fundamental event in fungal development and in many instances an essential phase of fungal infection and dissemination. Spore germination is also critical for hyperparasites to function as biocontrol agents as well as in fermentation proceses. Our common objective is to understand the mechanisms which regulated spore germination and identify factors involved in pathogenicity related prepenetration development. Our approach is to exploit the overall similarity among filamentous fungi using both a plant pathogen (Colletotricum trifolii) and a model system that is genetically sophisticated (Neurospora crassa). The simulataneous use of two organisms has the advantage of the available tools in Neurospora to rapidly advance the functional analysis of genes involved in spore germination and development of an economically important fungal phytopathogen. Towards this we have isolated a protein kinase gene from C. trifolii (TB3) that is maximally expressed during the first hour of conidial germination and prior to any visible gene tube formation. Based on sequence similarities with other organisms, this gene is likely to be involved in the proliferative response in the fungus. In addition, TB3 was able to functionally complement a N. crassa mutant (COT-1). Pharmacological studies indicated the importance of calmodulin in both germination and appressorium differentiation. Using an antisense vector from N. crassa, direct inhibition of calmodulin results in prevention of differentiation as well as pathogenicity. Both cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) like genes have been cloned from C. trifolii. Biochemical inhibition of PKA prevents germination; biochemical inhibitors of PKC prevents appressorium differentiation. In order to analyze reversible phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism, some ser.thr dephosphorylative events have also been analyzed. Type 2A and Type 2B (calcineurin) phosphatases have been identified and structurally and functionally analyzed in N. crassa during this project. Both phosphatases are essential for hyphal growth and maintenance of proper hyphal architecture. In addition, a first novel-type (PPT/PP5-like) ser/thr phosphatase has been identified in a filamentous fungus. The highly collaborative project has improved our understanding of a fundamental process in fungi, and has identified targets which can be used to develop new approaches for control of fungal plant pathogens as well as improve the performance of beneficial fungi in the field and in industry. In addition, the feasibility of molecular technology transfer in comparative mycology has been demonstrated.