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Journal articles on the topic 'Identifiers'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Güntsch, Anton, Quentin Groom, Roger Hyam, Simon Chagnoux, Dominik Röpert, Walter G. Berendsohn, Ana Casino, et al. "Standardised Globally Unique Specimen Identifiers." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 21, 2018): e26658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26658.

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A simple, permanent and reliable specimen identifier system is needed to take the informatics of collections into a new era of interoperability. A system of identifiers based on HTTP URI (Uniform Resource Identifiers), endorsed by the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF), has now been rolled out to 14 member organisations (Güntsch et al. 2017). CETAF-Identifiers have a Linked Open Data redirection mechanism for both human- and machine-readable access and, if fully implemented, provide Resource Description Framework (RDF) -encoded specimen data following best practices continuously improved by members of the initiative. To date, more than 20 million physical collection objects have been equipped with CETAF Identifiers (Groom et al. 2017). To facilitate the implementation of stable identifiers, simple redirection scripts and guidelines for deciding on the local identifier syntax have been compiled (http://cetafidentifiers.biowikifarm.net/wiki/Main_Page). Furthermore, a capable "CETAF Specimen URI Tester" (http://herbal.rbge.info/) provides an easy-to-use service for testing whether the existing identifiers are operational. For the usability and potential of any identifier system associated with evolving data objects, active links to the source information are critically important. This is particularly true for natural history collections facing the next wave of industrialised mass digitisation, where specimens come online with only basic, but rapidly evolving label data. Specimen identifier systems must therefore have components for monitoring the availability and correct implementation of individual data objects. Our next implementation steps will involve the development of a "Semantic Specimen Catalogue", which has a list of all existing specimen identifiers together with the latest RDF metadata snapshot. The catalogue will be used for semantic inference across collections as well as the basis for periodic testing of identifiers.

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2

Simmonds, Albert W. "Identifiers." Publishing Research Quarterly 15, no. 2 (June 1999): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12109-999-0021-3.

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3

UCHIDA, Hisako. "Information identifiers for electronic publishing. Publisher Item Identifier." Journal of Information Processing and Management 41, no. 9 (1998): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.41.695.

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4

Paskin, Norman. "Information Identifiers." Learned Publishing 10, no. 2 (April 1997): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1087/09531519750147139.

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5

Weiher, Marcel, and Robert Hirschfeld. "Polymorphic identifiers." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 49, no. 2 (February 5, 2014): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2578856.2508169.

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6

Nuttall, FX, and Sam G. Oh. "Party Identifiers." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 49, no. 6 (August 2011): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2011.603075.

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7

Wieringa, Roel, and Wiebren Jonge. "Object Identifiers, Keys, and Surrogates: Object Identifiers Revisited." Theory and Practice of Object Systems 1, no. 2 (January 1995): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1096-9942.1995.tb00011.x.

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8

Gao, Jianjiong, Chao Zhang, Martijn van Iersel, Li Zhang, Dong Xu, Nikolaus Schultz, and Alexander R. Pico. "BridgeDb app: unifying identifier mapping services for Cytoscape." F1000Research 3 (July 1, 2014): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4521.1.

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The BridgeDb app for Cytoscape allows users to map and annotate identifiers of genes, proteins and metabolites in the context of biological networks. The app greatly simplifies the identifier mapping process in Cytoscape by providing a unified interface to different mapping resources and services. The app also provides a programming interface via Cytoscape Commands that can be utilized for identifier mapping by other Cytoscape apps. In this article we provide a technical guide to the BridgeDb app for mapping identifiers in Cytoscape.

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9

Jin, Huan, Joshua M. Mitchell, and Hunter N. B. Moseley. "Atom Identifiers Generated by a Neighborhood-Specific Graph Coloring Method Enable Compound Harmonization across Metabolic Databases." Metabolites 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090368.

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Metabolic flux analysis requires both a reliable metabolic model and reliable metabolic profiles in characterizing metabolic reprogramming. Advances in analytic methodologies enable production of high-quality metabolomics datasets capturing isotopic flux. However, useful metabolic models can be difficult to derive due to the lack of relatively complete atom-resolved metabolic networks for a variety of organisms, including human. Here, we developed a neighborhood-specific graph coloring method that creates unique identifiers for each atom in a compound facilitating construction of an atom-resolved metabolic network. What is more, this method is guaranteed to generate the same identifier for symmetric atoms, enabling automatic identification of possible additional mappings caused by molecular symmetry. Furthermore, a compound coloring identifier derived from the corresponding atom coloring identifiers can be used for compound harmonization across various metabolic network databases, which is an essential first step in network integration. With the compound coloring identifiers, 8865 correspondences between KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and MetaCyc compounds are detected, with 5451 of them confirmed by other identifiers provided by the two databases. In addition, we found that the Enzyme Commission numbers (EC) of reactions can be used to validate possible correspondence pairs, with 1848 unconfirmed pairs validated by commonality in reaction ECs. Moreover, we were able to detect various issues and errors with compound representation in KEGG and MetaCyc databases by compound coloring identifiers, demonstrating the usefulness of this methodology for database curation.

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10

Kortesniemi, Yki, Dmitrij Lagutin, Tommi Elo, and Nikos Fotiou. "Improving the Privacy of IoT with Decentralised Identifiers (DIDs)." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2019 (March 20, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8706760.

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When IoT devices operate not only with the owner of the device but also with third parties, identifying the device using a permanent identifier, e.g., a hardware identifier, can present privacy problems due to the identifier facilitating tracking and correlation attacks. A changeable identifier can be used to reduce the risk on privacy. This paper looks at using decentralised identifiers (DIDs), an upcoming standard of self-sovereign identifiers with multiple competing implementations, with IoT devices. The paper analyses the resource requirements of running DIDs on the IoT devices and finds that even quite small devices can successfully deploy DIDs and proposes that the most constrained devices could rely on a proxy approach. Finally, the privacy benefits and limitations of using DIDs are analysed, with the conclusion that DIDs significantly improve the users’ privacy when utilised properly.

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11

Kost, Amanda, Tokunbo Akande, Robert Jones, Rose Gabert, Margaret Isaac, and Nicole S. Dettmar. "Use of Patient Identifiers at the University of Washington School of Medicine: Building Institutional Consensus to Reduce Bias and Stigma." Family Medicine 53, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2021.251330.

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Background and Objectives: Patient identifiers are used in the opening lines of case presentations and written documentation in health care and medical education settings. These identifiers can reflect physicians’ implicit biases, which are known to impact patient care. Yet, no clear recommendations for the use of patient identifiers to reduce bias and stigma in patient care and medical education learning environments currently exist. We describe a process and outcomes for articulating such recommendations.Methods: The University of Washington School of Medicine convened a group of diverse stakeholders to create patient identifier recommendations for use in the undergraduate medical education program. After a literature review, 22 recommendations for the use of patient identifiers were articulated. These underwent public comment periods reaching 11,150 potential respondents across our 5-state institution. Feedback from 437 respondents informed modifications to the recommendations. We used consensus methodology with three rounds of surveys and an expert group of 27 stakeholders to adopt recommendations with an a priori threshold of 90% agreeing the recommendation should be used. Results: We adopted 12 recommendations for patient identifiers for age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, size, and stigma; nine in round one, three in round two, and none in the third round. Discussion: Our institution vetted these patient identifier recommendations via public comment and consensus methodology. Next steps include implementation across the undergraduate medical education program, including classroom and clinical settings. Other institutions could consider similar processes as key steps to reduce bias and stigma in their medical education programs.

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12

Godard, Patrice, and Jonathan van Eyll. "BED: a Biological Entity Dictionary based on a graph data model." F1000Research 7 (May 16, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13925.2.

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The understanding of molecular processes involved in a specific biological system can be significantly improved by combining and comparing different data sets and knowledge resources. However, these information sources often use different identification systems and an identifier conversion step is required before any integration effort. Mapping between identifiers is often provided by the reference information resources and several tools have been implemented to simplify their use. However, most of these tools do not combine the information provided by individual resources to increase the completeness of the mapping process. Also, deprecated identifiers from former versions of databases are not taken into account. Finally, finding automatically the most relevant path to map identifiers from one scope to the other is often not trivial. The Biological Entity Dictionary (BED) addresses these three challenges by relying on a graph data model describing possible relationships between entities and their identifiers. This model has been implemented using Neo4j and an R package provides functions to query the graph but also to create and feed a custom instance of the database. This design combined with a local installation of the graph database and a cache system make BED very efficient to convert large lists of identifiers.

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13

Godard, Patrice, and Jonathan van Eyll. "BED: a Biological Entity Dictionary based on a graph data model." F1000Research 7 (July 19, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13925.3.

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The understanding of molecular processes involved in a specific biological system can be significantly improved by combining and comparing different data sets and knowledge resources. However, these information sources often use different identification systems and an identifier conversion step is required before any integration effort. Mapping between identifiers is often provided by the reference information resources and several tools have been implemented to simplify their use. However, most of these tools do not combine the information provided by individual resources to increase the completeness of the mapping process. Also, deprecated identifiers from former versions of databases are not taken into account. Finally, finding automatically the most relevant path to map identifiers from one scope to the other is often not trivial. The Biological Entity Dictionary (BED) addresses these three challenges by relying on a graph data model describing possible relationships between entities and their identifiers. This model has been implemented using Neo4j and an R package provides functions to query the graph but also to create and feed a custom instance of the database. This design combined with a local installation of the graph database and a cache system make BED very efficient to convert large lists of identifiers.

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14

Paskin, Norman. "Digital object identifiers." Information Services & Use 22, no. 2-3 (April 1, 2002): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isu-2002-222-309.

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15

Page, Gillian. "Journal Article Identifiers." Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community 1, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1629/010111.

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16

Williams, David. "Clothes as identifiers." Early Years Educator 17, no. 4 (August 2, 2015): xii—xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2015.17.4.xii.

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17

Paskin, N. "Toward unique identifiers." Proceedings of the IEEE 87, no. 7 (July 1999): 1208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.771073.

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18

Cerf, Vinton G. "Self-authenticating identifiers." Communications of the ACM 61, no. 12 (November 20, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3289429.

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19

Reynolds, Regina Romano. "Identifiers in Libraries." Serials Librarian 50, no. 1-2 (May 10, 2006): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v50n01_08.

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20

Buck, Alanah, and Daniel Moss. "Fractures as identifiers." Pathology 45 (2013): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pat.0000426787.82312.d0.

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21

Hobern, Donald, Andrea Hahn, and Tim Robertson. "Options to Apply the IGSN Model to Biodiversity Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 31, 2018): e27087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.27087.

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For more than a decade, the biodiversity informatics community has recognised the importance of stable resolvable identifiers to enable unambiguous references to data objects and the associated concepts and entities, including museum/herbarium specimens and, more broadly, all records serving as evidence of species occurrence in time and space. Early efforts built on the Darwin Core institutionCode, collectionCode and catalogueNumber terms, treated as a triple and expected to uniquely to identify a specimen. Following review of current technologies for globally unique identifiers, TDWG adopted Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) (Pereira et al. 2009). Unfortunately, the key stakeholders in the LSID consortium soon withdrew support for the technology, leaving TDWG committed to a moribund technology. Subsequently, publishers of biodiversity data have adopted a range of technologies to provide unique identifiers, including (among others) HTTP Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs), Universal Unique Identifiers (UUIDs), Archival Resource Keys (ARKs), and Handles. Each of these technologies has merit but they do not provide consistent guarantees of persistence or resolvability. More importantly, the heterogeneity of these solutions hampers delivery of services that can treat all of these data objects as part of a consistent linked-open-data domain. The geoscience community has established the System for Earth Sample Registration (SESAR) that enables collections to publish standard metadata records for their samples and for each of these to be associated with an International Geo Sample Number (IGSN http://www.geosamples.org/igsnabout). IGSNs follow a standard format, distribute responsibility for uniqueness between SESAR and the publishing collections, and support resolution via HTTP URI or Handles. Each IGSN resolves to a standard metadata page, roughly equivalent in detail to a Darwin Core specimen record. The standardisation of identifiers has allowed the community to secure support from some journal publishers for promotion and use of IGSNs within articles. The biodiversity informatics community encompasses a much larger number of publishers and greater pre-existing variation in identifier formats. Nevertheless, it would be possible to deliver a shared global identifier scheme with the same features as IGSNs by building off the aggregation services offered by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The GBIF data index includes normalised Darwin Core metadata for all data records from registered data sources and could serve as a platform for resolution of HTTP URIs and/or Handles for all specimens and for all occurrence records. The most significant trade-off requiring consideration would be between autonomy for collections and other publishers in how they format identifiers within their own data and the benefits that may arise from greater consistency and predictability in the form of resolvable identifiers.

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22

Šimić, Ana. "Non-Verbal Clauses with Demonstrative Identifiers in the History of Croatian." Fluminensia 31, no. 1 (2019): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.31.1.8.

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The paper presents a corpus-based typological and diachronic study of nonverbal clauses with demonstrative identifiers in Croatian. As one of the four types of demonstratives proposed by H. Diessel, demonstrative identifiers occur in copular and non-verbal clauses. They are used to focus the hearer’s attention on entities in the surrounding situation or in the universe of discourse. The paper reviews the typologies of demonstratives discussed in recent literature with respect to the status of demonstrative identifiers. Furthermore, it investigates the history of non-verbal clauses with demonstrative identifiers in Croatian: 1. se človêkь 2. evo čovjeka DEM man-NOM.SG DEM man-GEN.SG ‘Here is the man!’ ‘Here is the man!’ The main change occurred in the case marking on the argument. In the first Croatian literary language, Croatian Church Slavonic (1), the argument appears in the nominative case. In contemporary Croatian (2), the demonstrative identifier is predominantly followed by a genitive argument. Apart from shedding some light on the diachronic development of non-verbal clauses with demonstrative identifiers and their constituents in Croatian, the paper shows how they differ from similar constructions in other Slavic languages, as well as in some major European languages. In addition, they are compared to other non-verbal constructions with genitive and nominative arguments in Croatian.

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23

Feick, Tina, Helen Henderson, and Deberah England. "One Identifier: Find Your Oasis with NISO's I2(Institutional Identifiers) Standard." Serials Librarian 60, no. 1-4 (April 11, 2011): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0361526x.2011.556037.

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24

Luo, Hongbin, Hongke Zhang, and Moshe Zukerman. "Decoupling the design of identifier-to-locator mapping services from identifiers." Computer Networks 55, no. 4 (March 2011): 959–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.12.009.

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25

Godard, Patrice, and Jonathan van Eyll. "BED: a Biological Entity Dictionary based on a graph data model." F1000Research 7 (February 15, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13925.1.

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The understanding of molecular processes involved in a specific biological system can be significantly improved by combining and comparing different data set and knowledge resources. However these information sources often use different identification systems and an identifier conversion step is required before any integration effort. Mapping between identifiers is often provided by the reference information resources and several tools have been implemented to simplify their use. However these tools cannot be easily customized and optimized for any specific use. Also the information provided by different resources is not combined to increase the efficiency of the mapping process and deprecated identifiers from former version of databases are not taken into account. Finally finding automatically the most relevant path to map identifiers from one scope to the other is often not trivial. The Biological Entity Dictionary (BED) addresses these challenges by relying on a graph data model describing possible relationships between entities and their identifiers. This model has been implemented using Neo4j and an R package provides functions to query the graph but also to create and feed a custom instance of the database.

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26

Jain, Sakshi, Mobin Javed, and Vern Paxson. "Towards Mining Latent Client Identifiers from Network Traffic." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0007.

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Abstract Websites extensively track users via identifiers that uniquely map to client machines or user accounts. Although such tracking has desirable properties like enabling personalization and website analytics, it also raises serious concerns about online user privacy, and can potentially enable illicit surveillance by adversaries who broadly monitor network traffic. In this work we seek to understand the possibilities of latent identifiers appearing in user traffic in forms beyond those already well-known and studied, such as browser and Flash cookies. We develop a methodology for processing large network traces to semi-automatically discover identifiers sent by clients that distinguish users/devices/browsers, such as usernames, cookies, custom user agents, and IMEI numbers. We address the challenges of scaling such discovery up to enterprise-sized data by devising multistage filtering and streaming algorithms. The resulting methodology reflects trade-offs between reducing the ultimate analysis burden and the risk of missing potential identifier strings. We analyze 15 days of data from a site with several hundred users and capture dozens of latent identifiers, primarily in HTTP request components, but also in non-HTTP protocols.

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27

Raemy, Julien A., and René Martin Schneider. "Towards Trusted Identities for Swiss Researchers and their Data." International Journal of Digital Curation 14, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v14i1.596.

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In this paper we report on efforts to enhance the Swiss persistent identifier (PID) ecosystem. We will firstly describe the current situation and the need for improvement in order to describe in full detail the steps undertaken to create a Swiss-wide model. A case study was undertaken by using several data sets from the domains of art and design in the context of the ICOPAD project. We will provide a set of recommendations to enable a PID service that could mint Archival Resource Key (ARK) identifiers or a flavour of Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) as complement to Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs). We will conclude with some remarks concerning the transferability of this approach to other areas and the requirements for a national hub for PID management in Switzerland.

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28

Ehrhart, Friederike, Jonathan Melius, Elisa Cirillo, Martina Kutmon, Egon L. Willighagen, Susan L. Coort, Leopold M. G. Curfs, and Chris T. Evelo. "Providing gene-to-variant and variant-to-gene database identifier mappings to use with BridgeDb mapping services." F1000Research 7 (September 3, 2018): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15708.1.

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Database identifier mapping services are important to make database information interoperable. BridgeDb offers such a service. Available mapping for BridgeDb link 1. genes and gene products identifiers, 2. metabolite identifiers and InChI structure description, and 3. identifiers for biochemical reactions and interactions between multiple resources that use such IDs while the mappings are obtained from multiple sources. In this study we created BridgeDb mapping databases for selections of genes-to-variants (and variants-to-genes) based on the variants described in Ensembl. Moreover, we demonstrated the use of these mappings in different software tools like R, PathVisio, Cytoscape and a local installation using Docker. The variant mapping databases are now described on the BridgeDb website and are available from the BridgeDb mapping database repository and updated according to the regular BridgeDb mapping update schedule.

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29

Dhavle, Ajit A., Stacy Ward-Charlerie, Michael T. Rupp, John Kilbourne, Vishal P. Amin, and Joshua Ruiz. "Evaluating the implementation of RxNorm in ambulatory electronic prescriptions." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, e1 (October 28, 2015): e99-e107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv131.

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Abstract Objective RxNorm is a standardized drug nomenclature maintained by the National Library of Medicine that has been recommended as an alternative to the National Drug Code (NDC) terminology for use in electronic prescribing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of RxNorm in ambulatory care electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions). Methods We analyzed a random sample of 49 997 e-prescriptions that were received by 7391 locations of a national retail pharmacy chain during a single day in April 2014. The e-prescriptions in the sample were generated by 37 801 ambulatory care prescribers using 519 different e-prescribing software applications. Results We found that 97.9% of e-prescriptions in the study sample could be accurately represented by an RxNorm identifier. However, RxNorm identifiers were actually used as drug identifiers in only 16 433 (33.0%) e-prescriptions. Another 431 (2.5%) e-prescriptions that used RxNorm identifiers had a discrepancy in the corresponding Drug Database Code qualifier field or did not have a qualifier (Term Type) at all. In 10 e-prescriptions (0.06%), the free-text drug description and the RxNorm concept unique identifier pointed to completely different drug concepts, and in 7 e-prescriptions (0.04%), the NDC and RxNorm drug identifiers pointed to completely different drug concepts. Discussion The National Library of Medicine continues to enhance the RxNorm terminology and expand its scope. This study illustrates the need for technology vendors to improve their implementation of RxNorm; doing so will accelerate the adoption of RxNorm as the preferred alternative to using the NDC terminology in e-prescribing.

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30

Lee, Sungnam, Suntae Kim, and Sooyoung Park. "Detecting Inconsistent Code Identifiers." KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering 2, no. 5 (May 30, 2013): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/ktsde.2013.2.5.319.

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31

Nogueira, Rodrigo Borges, and Ricardo Staciarini Puttini. "On Unique Personal Identifiers." Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transaction 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/jitst.2046.3723.2015.0046.

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32

Giuzzi, Luca, and Ferdinando Zullo. "Identifiers for MRD-codes." Linear Algebra and its Applications 575 (August 2019): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2019.03.030.

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33

Kaneko, Sunao, Hiroto Iwasa, and Motohiro Okada. "Genetic Identifiers of Epilepsy." Epilepsia 43 (October 23, 2002): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.43.s.9.5.x.

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34

Reynolds, Regina Romano. "Unique Identifiers in Libraries." Serials Librarian 53, no. 1-2 (September 2007): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v53n01_10.

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35

Mockapetris, Paul. "The internet and identifiers." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 35, no. 4 (October 2005): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1090191.1080092.

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36

Maunsell, J. H. R. "Unique Identifiers for Authors." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 21 (May 21, 2014): 7043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1670-14.2014.

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37

Montenegro, Gabriel, and Claude Castelluccia. "Crypto-based identifiers (CBIDs)." ACM Transactions on Information and System Security 7, no. 1 (February 2004): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/984334.984338.

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38

Distler, P. "Traceability and unique identifiers." ISBT Science Series 9, no. 1 (July 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12092.

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39

Coyle, Karen. "Identifiers: Unique, Persistent, Global." Journal of Academic Librarianship 32, no. 4 (July 2006): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2006.04.004.

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40

Cacchione, Pamela Z. "ORCID Identifiers: Personalized Authorship." Clinical Nursing Research 26, no. 5 (September 7, 2017): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773817730162.

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41

Davidson, Stephen, Stacie Durkin, and Sushi Subburamu. "Universal Health Care Identifiers." Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 39, no. 1 (2016): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jac.0000000000000077.

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42

Wang, Yulong, Junjie Yi, Jun Guo, Yanbo Qiao, Mingyue Qi, and Qingyu Chen. "A Semistructured Random Identifier Protocol for Anonymous Communication in SDN Network." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (May 23, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2916356.

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Traffic analysis is an effective mean for gathering intelligence from within a large enterprise’s local network. Adversaries are able to monitor all traffic traversing a switch by exploiting just one vulnerability in it and obtain valuable information (e.g., online hosts and ongoing sessions) for further attacking, while administrators have to patch all switches as soon as possible in hope of eliminating the vulnerability in time. Moving Target Defense (MTD) is a new paradigm for reobtaining the upper hand in network defense by dynamically changing attack surfaces of the network. In this paper, we propose U-TRI (unlinkability through random identifier) as a moving target technique for changing the information-leaking identifiers within PDUs for SDN network. U-TRI is based on VIRO protocol and implemented with the help of OpenFlow protocol. U-TRI employs an independent, binary tree-structured, periodically and randomly updating identifier to replace the first part of the static MAC address in PDU, and assigns unstructured random values to the remaining part of the MAC address. U-TRI also obfuscates identifiers in the network layer and transport layer in an unstructured manner. Such a semistructured random identifier enables U-TRI to significantly weaken the linkage between identifiers and end-hosts as well as communication sessions, thus providing anonymous communication in SDN network. The result of analysis and experiments indicates that U-TRI dramatically increases the difficulty of traffic analysis with acceptable burdens on network performance.

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43

Bazzanella, Barbara, Stefano Bortoli, and Paolo Bouquet. "Can Persistent Identifiers Be Cool?" International Journal of Digital Curation 8, no. 1 (June 14, 2013): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v8i1.246.

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The fast growth of scientific and non-scientific digital data, as well as the proliferation of new types of digital content, has led – among many other things – to a lot of innovative work on the concept of the identifier. Digital identifiers have become the key to preserving and accessing content, just as physical identifier tags have been the key to accessing paper-based content and other physical entities for millennia. Two main schools of thought have emerged: on the one hand, librarians and public repositories have pushed the concept of the Persistent Identifier (PI) as a way to guarantee long term identification and (sometimes) access; on the other hand, the extraordinary success of the web has led several researchers and web experts to push the concept of the Cool URI as the universal mechanism for identifying and accessing digital content. Both views have their pros and cons, but so far (with only a few exceptions) the two visions have developed in parallel, sometimes with a subtle underlying hostility.In this paper, we present the evolution of the Entity Name System (ENS), an open service-based platform developed as part of the OKKAM EU co-funded project, which can reconcile these two approaches. The new system, called ENS2.0, is currently under development and will enable data creators and curators to combine the technical strengths and opportunities of the (Semantic) Web vision with the organizational, economical and social requirements legitimately raised by the PI community and stakeholders.

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Chung, Wei Der, Xiao Hu, Woon Ki Na, Hsin Pei Chen, Yun Zhi Cheng, and C. C. Wang. "A New Model Reference Adaptive Control Using Stacked Identifiers." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1767.

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Model reference adaptive control is a major design method for controlling plants with uncertain parameters. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a new design approach for the model reference adaptive control of a single-input single-output linear time-invariant plant. The proposed method, called the “Model reference adaptive control using stacked identifiers, “uses a stacked identifier structure that is new to the field of adaptive control. The goal is to make the output of the plant asymptotically track the output of the first identifier, and then driving the output of the first identifier to track that of the second identifier, and so forth, up to the q-th identifier where q is the relative degree of the plant. Lastly, the output of the q-th identifier is forced to converge to that of the reference model. Simulation results shown our paper provides a new adaptive scheme which may give a better transient performance. No state measurement of the plant is required in our method. Since the resulting control systems are nonlinear and time-varying, the stability analysis of the overall system plays a central role in developing the theory.

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Lee, Minho, Soo-Young Lee, and Cheol Hoom Park. "Neuro-Fuzzy Identifiers and Controllers." Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2, no. 1 (1994): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ifs-1994-2101.

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Pibida, L., M. Unterweger, and L. R. Karam. "Evaluation of handheld radionuclide identifiers." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109, no. 4 (July 2004): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.109.032.

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Bilder, Geoff. "Identify This! Identifiers and Trust." Information Standards Quarterly 23, no. 3 (2011): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3789/isqv23n3.2011.05.

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Khalifa, I. H., and A. A. R. Hanafy. "Observer-Based Hybrid Recursive Identifiers." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 5 (July 1985): 1449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60769-9.

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Yakimchik, A. I. "Citation databases and researcher identifiers." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 42, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 78–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.0203-3100.v42i3.2020.204703.

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Kõljalg, U., L. Tedersoo, R. H. Nilsson, and K. Abarenkov. "Digital identifiers for fungal species." Science 352, no. 6290 (June 2, 2016): 1182.3–1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7115.

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