Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Identificazione molecolare'
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Scuderi, Maria Cristina. "Identificazione molecolare di lattobacilli umani ed epidemiologia delle resistenze." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/306.
Full text45 Lactobacillus strains isolated from human were identified by molecular tecniques (16S rDNA PCR-RFLP; multiplex PCR 16S-ITS-23S rDNA and its flancking region; multiplex PCR tuf gene ). In vitro activities were tested by broth microdiluition and agar diffusion against different antimicrobial classes (beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides and aminoglycosides).Genotypic study was performed to investigate quinolone resitance by PCR and sequencing QRDR (Quinolone Resistance Determining Region) of gyrA and parC genes.
STEFFAN, DAVIDE. "IDENTIFICAZIONE DI UN NUOVO GENE DIPENDENTE DA TFEB ED ESERCIZIO FISICO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3453864.
Full textAn increased lifespan as a sedentary mammal represents one of the strongest evolutionary challenges for humans, often resulting in whole-body metabolic maladaptation. Indeed, emerging chronic diseases, i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications are the major burdens of the new era that can however be prevented and cured re-establishing a “more active” lifestyle. The benefits of regular physical activity are long known even if the molecular networks that coordinate adaptive responses to exercise are still matter of debate. Recently, Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) has been shown to function as a master metabolic regulator in skeletal muscle, finely tuning fuel uptake to energy production during exercise; these findings strongly support TFEB activity as crucial for mediating the beneficial effects of exercise (Mansueto et al. 2017). Therefore, there is reason to think of the existence of TFEB and exercise dependent genes; in particular, we were interested in the identification of uncharacterized genes (RIKENs) (The RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group Phase II Team and the FANTOM Consortium, 2001) regulated both by exercise and TFEB activity. To do this, we crossed microarray data from TFEB overexpressing muscles (GSE62975) with muscular gene expression profiles of 4 weeks-trained mice (GSE54276). From this comparison, we identified a unique commonly upregulated RIKEN, hereafter referred as “Exe-RIKEN”. Starting from this finding, my PhD project has been focused on the molecular characterization of this new understudied gene. From bioinformatic analysis, we found that Exe-RIKEN gene maps in chromosome 19 and encodes a 1165 bp transcript; the mature mRNA is transcribed from two exons displaying a small putative ORF of 124 amino acids. Exe-RIKEN is strongly conserved in placental mammals, sharing more than 70% identity between human and murine nucleotidic and amino acidic sequences; moreover, the homolog gene is found in marsupials, but not in monotremes, suggesting a recent evolutionary origin. Overexpression experiments showed for the first time that Exe-RIKEN is a real protein coding gene both in vitro and in vivo. The presence of Exe-RIKEN transcript in skeletal muscle was validated via RT-qPCR; curiously, different hind limb muscles in sedentary mice show different Exe-RIKEN transcript levels, suggesting a possible Exe-RIKEN expression fiber type specificity. In vivo experiments on physiological and genetic exercise models allowed to confirm skeletal muscle Exe-RIKEN transcription up regulation in response to TFEB overexpression and during exercise recovery phase. Interestingly, ex vivo muscle stimulation showed that its transcription induction does not depend on extra muscular factors. RT-qPCR experiments with primers mapping on different Exe-RIKEN transcript regions suggest the presence of at least two transcript variants that differ on the 3’UTR length in skeletal muscle, highlighting a possible post transcriptional mRNA regulation. Immunofluorescence staining against the endogenous Exe-RIKEN showed that it differentially localizes in muscle fiber types, with a positive correlation between cross sectional area and immunostaining reactivity in glycolytic fibers; conversely, oxidative muscles such as soleus did not present cytoplasmic but a more nuclear Exe-RIKEN localization. In addition, overexpression and NES deletion experiments reveal that exercise is an Exe-RIKEN cytosol-to-nucleus shuttling stimulus in skeletal muscle. RNAseq on overexpressing Exe-RIKEN C2C12 shows an induction of genes belonging to the Gene Ontology terms relative to immunity and inflammation; intriguingly, similar results are obtained also after TFEB overexpression in cells (Irazoqui 2020). Altogether, these findings support Exe-RIKEN as a novel and compelling molecular player potentially mediating the adaptive inflammatory response to physical training in skeletal muscle.
VISCHIONI, CHIARA. "Identificazione dei Meccanismi Molecolari associati alla Longevità e alla Resistenza al Cancro nei Mammiferi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3461382.
Full textCancer is a rooted evolutionarily disease, born with the development of the multicellularity, and inherently caused by mutations occurring at somatic level or inherited through the germline. Yet, there is a whole world behind this simple academic definition. Some authors argue that it is not just a disease, but it rather represents a force able to drive the biological systems, acting itself as evolutionary mechanism able to selectively shape the adaptation of a species. Surprisingly, at phylogenetic level, susceptibility to cancer greatly varies from one species to another. Indeed, it is known that within the same species body size and lifespan are strongly correlated with the probability of developing cancer, whereas, across different ones, this association disappears, being replaced by what it is recognized as Peto's Paradox biological dilemma: theoretically, over time, cells acquire and accumulate mutations that, in some cases, can lead to the development of a tumorigenic event. Since every cell in the body has the same potential to become cancerous, larger and longer-living species should proportionally have a higher risk of cancer. However, Peto teaches us that some of them have evolved cancer suppression strategies able to parallelly coexist alongside their grater size and longevity. In this framework, oncology and comparative genomics are the only tools able to answer those question wondering why some species are more resistant to cancer compared to others, despite their phenotypic constraints such as size and high longevity. Understanding how Nature has solved the problem of cancer suppression during evolution could, therefore, be translated into cancer prevention strategies for human and veterinary research. To date, mechanisms proposed for the resolution of Peto's paradox include the reduction in the number of oncogenes copies, or, conversely, the increase in the number of suppressor genes. In particular, Copy Number Variations (CNVs), are regions of DNA found deleted and/or duplicated within the genome, which may reflect a phenotypic variation, causing, in some cases, disease. Therefore, investigating the copy number composition of genes in the genome of long-living and/or big size animals showing a low cancer rate could shed light on new molecular targets related to ageing and cancer-resistance that are still unknown. Specifically, Chapter II describes VarNuCopy, the first online tool that I developed during the course of my Ph.D, that collects and compares CNVs from the genome of 233 organisms (mammalian and non- mammalian), correlating, for a selected subset, the copy number with some phenotypic traits of the species. Chapter III, exploiting VarNuCopy data, identifies for the first time the microRNAs family as a new biomarker able to discriminate the cancer predisposition of a species. Finally, Chapter IV explains how and why the single-cell organism S. cerevisiae can be considered as a key model in the study of ageing processes and cancer-related pathways, reporting also my personal research experience carried out during the nine months of my Ph.D spent abroad.
VISCHIONI, CHIARA. "Identificazione dei Meccanismi Molecolari associati alla Longevità e alla Resistenza al Cancro nei Mammiferi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3461383.
Full textCancer is a rooted evolutionarily disease, born with the development of the multicellularity, and inherently caused by mutations occurring at somatic level or inherited through the germline. Yet, there is a whole world behind this simple academic definition. Some authors argue that it is not just a disease, but it rather represents a force able to drive the biological systems, acting itself as evolutionary mechanism able to selectively shape the adaptation of a species. Surprisingly, at phylogenetic level, susceptibility to cancer greatly varies from one species to another. Indeed, it is known that within the same species body size and lifespan are strongly correlated with the probability of developing cancer, whereas, across different ones, this association disappears, being replaced by what it is recognized as Peto's Paradox biological dilemma: theoretically, over time, cells acquire and accumulate mutations that, in some cases, can lead to the development of a tumorigenic event. Since every cell in the body has the same potential to become cancerous, larger and longer-living species should proportionally have a higher risk of cancer. However, Peto teaches us that some of them have evolved cancer suppression strategies able to parallelly coexist alongside their grater size and longevity. In this framework, oncology and comparative genomics are the only tools able to answer those question wondering why some species are more resistant to cancer compared to others, despite their phenotypic constraints such as size and high longevity. Understanding how Nature has solved the problem of cancer suppression during evolution could, therefore, be translated into cancer prevention strategies for human and veterinary research. To date, mechanisms proposed for the resolution of Peto's paradox include the reduction in the number of oncogenes copies, or, conversely, the increase in the number of suppressor genes. In particular, Copy Number Variations (CNVs), are regions of DNA found deleted and/or duplicated within the genome, which may reflect a phenotypic variation, causing, in some cases, disease. Therefore, investigating the copy number composition of genes in the genome of long-living and/or big size animals showing a low cancer rate could shed light on new molecular targets related to ageing and cancer-resistance that are still unknown. Specifically, Chapter II describes VarNuCopy, the first online tool that I developed during the course of my Ph.D, that collects and compares CNVs from the genome of 233 organisms (mammalian and non- mammalian), correlating, for a selected subset, the copy number with some phenotypic traits of the species. Chapter III, exploiting VarNuCopy data, identifies for the first time the microRNAs family as a new biomarker able to discriminate the cancer predisposition of a species. Finally, Chapter IV explains how and why the single-cell organism S. cerevisiae can be considered as a key model in the study of ageing processes and cancer-related pathways, reporting also my personal research experience carried out during the nine months of my Ph.D spent abroad.
Morganti, Stefano. "Identificazione dell'enzima Nicotinamide N-Metiltrasferasi quale marker molecolare del carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242767.
Full textLung cancer is the most common neoplasm worldwide and the leading cause of tumor death. Improvements in surgery and therapy, as well as the discovery of new and effective markers for an early diagnosis, are necessary to increase the overall survival rate. This study is focused on the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). NNMT expression levels were evaluated in tumor, tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue samples of 36 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by Real-Time PCR, Western blot analysis, catalytic activity assay and immunohistochemical analysis. To explore the involvement of NNMT in tumor cell metabolism, we evaluated the effect of shRNA-mediated inhibition of NNMT on cell proliferation and tumorigenic potential of A549 lung cancer cell line. Results obtained showed NNMT upregulation (mRNA and protein) in tumor compared with both tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue. Moreover, NSCLC displayed significantly higher activity levels than those determined in both tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue. Interestingly, both tumor-adjacent and surrounding tissue samples of unfavorable cases (N+) seem to display higher activity levels than those of favorable NSCLCs (N0), suggesting that normal-looking tissue of unfavorable cases seems to change toward cancer. NNMT downregulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation and reduced colony formation ability on soft agar. Reported data indicate that NNMT represents a molecular marker for non-small cell lung carcinoma and support the hypothesis that it could play an important role in tumor growth and invasion. Further studies may establish whether NNMT could represent a target for an effective anti-cancer therapy.
Marino, Flora <1977>. "Identificazione di un profilo molecolare di rischio nei pazienti pediatrici affetti da Linfoma di Hodgkin." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5369/1/marino_flora_tesi.pdf.pdf.
Full textPurpose: despite improvement in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), approximately 30% of pediatric patients relapse or die as result of the disease. Current methods to predict prognosis determined by clinical and biological parameters, fail to identify these patients accurately. The aim of this study was to define a molecular profile of risk correlates with outcome in these patients. Methods: retrospective study of pediatric patients with LH homogeneously treated from 2004 onwards. Of these patients was undertaken a validation study of molecular markers already identified in exploratory studies previously. 27 best predictor genes in HL was evaluated in RT PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded diagnostic lymph-node samples obtained from 37 pediatric patients with HL, including 25 responders and 12 non responders to standard treatment and compared the expression profiles of patients with favorable and unfavourable clinical outcome. Results: univariate regression analysis revealed that only the expression of CASP3 and CYCS genes, involved in the apoptotic pathway, is able to significantly predict failure to treatment in our cohort of patients. The study of the possible combinations of these genes has shown the existence of 3 risk groups that correlate with EFS: high risk (down regulation of both genes), intermediate risk (down regulation of only one of the 2 genes), low risk (up regulation of both genes). Multivariate analysis showed that CASP3 is the only variable that maintains its independence in influencing the prognosis with a risk of events more than double in patients with low expression of this gene Conclusions: The results of our cohort of pediatric patients with HL confirm the impact on prognosis of two molecular markers CASP3 and CYCS involved in the apoptotic pathway. The evaluation of the expression profile of these genes, may therefore be used in the course of staging, as a criterion of predictivity.
Marino, Flora <1977>. "Identificazione di un profilo molecolare di rischio nei pazienti pediatrici affetti da Linfoma di Hodgkin." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5369/.
Full textPurpose: despite improvement in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), approximately 30% of pediatric patients relapse or die as result of the disease. Current methods to predict prognosis determined by clinical and biological parameters, fail to identify these patients accurately. The aim of this study was to define a molecular profile of risk correlates with outcome in these patients. Methods: retrospective study of pediatric patients with LH homogeneously treated from 2004 onwards. Of these patients was undertaken a validation study of molecular markers already identified in exploratory studies previously. 27 best predictor genes in HL was evaluated in RT PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded diagnostic lymph-node samples obtained from 37 pediatric patients with HL, including 25 responders and 12 non responders to standard treatment and compared the expression profiles of patients with favorable and unfavourable clinical outcome. Results: univariate regression analysis revealed that only the expression of CASP3 and CYCS genes, involved in the apoptotic pathway, is able to significantly predict failure to treatment in our cohort of patients. The study of the possible combinations of these genes has shown the existence of 3 risk groups that correlate with EFS: high risk (down regulation of both genes), intermediate risk (down regulation of only one of the 2 genes), low risk (up regulation of both genes). Multivariate analysis showed that CASP3 is the only variable that maintains its independence in influencing the prognosis with a risk of events more than double in patients with low expression of this gene Conclusions: The results of our cohort of pediatric patients with HL confirm the impact on prognosis of two molecular markers CASP3 and CYCS involved in the apoptotic pathway. The evaluation of the expression profile of these genes, may therefore be used in the course of staging, as a criterion of predictivity.
Lenzi, Monia <1977>. "Isotiocianati come potenziali farmaci antileucemici: identificazione in vitro ed ex vivo del profilo molecolare e cellulare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/825/1/Tesi_Lenzi_Monia.pdf.
Full textLenzi, Monia <1977>. "Isotiocianati come potenziali farmaci antileucemici: identificazione in vitro ed ex vivo del profilo molecolare e cellulare." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/825/.
Full textSCOTTI, MADDALENA. "Identificazione molecolare e caratterizzazione funzionale del trasportatore SVCT2 mitocondriale in cellule leucemiche e nel muscolo scheletrico." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2641524.
Full textFormica, Serena <1979>. "Farmacogenomica della Clofarabina nel trattamento delle Leucemie Acute pediatriche: identificazione di nuovi bersagli molecolari e del profilo genomico associato all’efficacia terapeutica del farmaco antitumorale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4487/1/Formica_Serena_Tesi.pdf.
Full textOver the past decades, treatment of Acute Leukemia (AL) in children has improved dramatically. However, despite the remarkable progress in the treatment of AL, leukemia remaining the leading cause of death by disease in children. Advances in cure rates could be obtained by pharmacogenomics aimed at developing strategies to personalize treatment and tailor therapy to individual patients, optimizing efficacy and safety through better understanding of human genome variability and its influence on drug response. In this work, we studied the pharmacogenomics of the antitumoral agent Clofarabine (CLO) in pediatric AL in order to identify predictive markers of drug response of leukemic cells, to elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance and, finally, to discover new therapeutic targets for more specific and efficient curative approaches. In vitro sensitivity to CLO was performed on blasts from children affected by Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid leukemia (ALL and AML). We identified two T-ALL subgroups on the base of their CLO sensitivity. Gene Expression Profiling by DNA-microarrays allowed us to identify the genetic “signature” associated to T-ALL Clofarabine response. Moreover, analysis of the differentially expressed genes permitted the identification of potential biomarkers of drug resistance providing mechanistic insights into the pharmacological basis of T-ALL drug resistance and suggesting a new therapeutic target for the treatment of T-ALLs resistant to CLO. In conclusion, our study identified set of genes and pathways of biological relevance for T-ALL response to CLO suggesting genetic biomarkers able to identify patients that could benefit from CLO treatment or new targets to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Our study could be a paradigm for the application of pharmacogenomic studies in other human cancers.
Formica, Serena <1979>. "Farmacogenomica della Clofarabina nel trattamento delle Leucemie Acute pediatriche: identificazione di nuovi bersagli molecolari e del profilo genomico associato all’efficacia terapeutica del farmaco antitumorale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4487/.
Full textOver the past decades, treatment of Acute Leukemia (AL) in children has improved dramatically. However, despite the remarkable progress in the treatment of AL, leukemia remaining the leading cause of death by disease in children. Advances in cure rates could be obtained by pharmacogenomics aimed at developing strategies to personalize treatment and tailor therapy to individual patients, optimizing efficacy and safety through better understanding of human genome variability and its influence on drug response. In this work, we studied the pharmacogenomics of the antitumoral agent Clofarabine (CLO) in pediatric AL in order to identify predictive markers of drug response of leukemic cells, to elucidate mechanisms of drug resistance and, finally, to discover new therapeutic targets for more specific and efficient curative approaches. In vitro sensitivity to CLO was performed on blasts from children affected by Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid leukemia (ALL and AML). We identified two T-ALL subgroups on the base of their CLO sensitivity. Gene Expression Profiling by DNA-microarrays allowed us to identify the genetic “signature” associated to T-ALL Clofarabine response. Moreover, analysis of the differentially expressed genes permitted the identification of potential biomarkers of drug resistance providing mechanistic insights into the pharmacological basis of T-ALL drug resistance and suggesting a new therapeutic target for the treatment of T-ALLs resistant to CLO. In conclusion, our study identified set of genes and pathways of biological relevance for T-ALL response to CLO suggesting genetic biomarkers able to identify patients that could benefit from CLO treatment or new targets to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Our study could be a paradigm for the application of pharmacogenomic studies in other human cancers.
Chiriu, Alessia. "Difetti ereditari del fattore V della coagulazione: identificazione di nuove mutazioni ed implicazioni cliniche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421773.
Full textIntroduzione. Il fattore V (FV) della coagulazione, presente sia nel plasma che nelle piastrine, è una proteina versatile che svolge funzioni sia pro che anticoagulanti. Il difetto di FV è una malattia emorragica rara conosciuta anche col termine di paraemofilia. E’ caratterizzata da livelli molto bassi, o non misurabili, di FV antigene e attività associati ad un fenotipo clinico di tipo emorragico che varia da moderato a grave, raramente fatale. Sebbene descritto per la prima volta nel 1947 da Owren, le basi molecolari di questo difetto, trasmesso con carattere autosomico recessivo, si sono iniziate a chiarire solo cinquant’anni più tardi. Da allora sono state descritte oltre 80 mutazioni associate ad una riduzione dei livelli plasmatici di FV ma a tutt’oggi le basi molecolari di molti difetti di FV sono poco caratterizzate. Scopo del nostro studio è stato quello di caratterizzare da un punto di vista genetico e molecolare il difetto di fattore V in 6 soggetti paraemofilici. Abbiamo inoltre studiato, in questa coorte di soggetti, la relazione tra genotipo e fenotipo emorragico. Infine abbiamo analizzato la correlazione tra FV plasmatico e piastrinico nei soggetti omozigoti e nei loro familiari. Materiali e metodi. Previo consenso informato abbiamo prelevato 20 ml di sangue periferico da 6 soggetti con difetto omozigote di FV, da 19 soggetti eterozigoti per il deficit di FV e da 42 loro familiari sani. Nei soggetti arruolati abbiamo determinato i livelli di FV nel plasma e nelle Plts. Nei soggetti con difetto omozigote è stato effettuato uno screeneng del gene del fattore V per identificare le mutazioni causative del difetto stesso. Attraverso analisi bioinformatiche e l’allineamento con proteine con una elevata omologia di sequenza per i domini A1, A2, A3 è stato valutato il ruolo e l’importanza nella correlazione genotipo/fenotipo della posizione aminoacidica considerata. Attraverso una tecnica semplificata di “homology modeling” abbiamo studiato la possibile variazione nella struttura del dominio C2 del FV dovuta a una mutazione omozigote presente sull’esone 24 sfruttando la struttura cristallografica depositata per tale dominio. Risultati. Considerando i soggetti omozigoti, i soggetti eterozigoti e i familiari sani abbiamo osservato una correlazione lineare, statisticamente significativa tra i livelli di FV plasmatico e FV piastrinico. In accordo con i dati riportati in letteratura, i soggetti con difetto eterozigote non presentavano un fenotipo clinico di tipo emorragico dissimile dai familiari senza difetto. Attraverso le tecniche di sequenziamento del gene del FV abbiamo identificato 3 nuove mutazioni causative, non ancora riportate nel database curato da Vos e collaboratori, del difetto grave di FV. Conclusioni. Lo studio delle famiglie con difetto di FV ci ha permesso di dimostrare la presenza di una correlazione lineare tra i livelli di FV plasmatici e intrapiastrinici. Lo studio del gene del fattore V e l’analisi bioinformatica del FV nei soggetti con difetto omozigote ci ha permesso di identificare nuove mutazioni del FV e di far luce su nuovi possibili meccanismi molecolari di mutazione genetica associati a fenotipi patologici.
FOTIA, VITTORIA. "IDENTIFICAZIONE DI UNA FIRMA MOLECOLARE ASSOCIATA ALLA PROGNOSI E ALLA PLATINO SENSIBILITÀ IN PAZIENTI AFFETTE DA CARCINOMA OVARICO AVANZATO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1203318.
Full textQuattrini, Irene <1979>. "Analisi di espressione di microRNA in Tumore a Cellule Giganti: identificazione dei target con ruolo di potenziali biomarcatori." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6263/1/Quattrini_Irene_Tesi.pdf.
Full textGiant Cell Tumor of bone (GCTb) is a rare locally aggressive tumour representing 5% of all bone tumors. Local recurrences occur in 10-25% of cases, and it may occasionally give lung metastases in 2-5% of cases. In this study, the expression of miRNAs was evaluated using miRNA microarray analysis in 10 patients with GCTb, 5 with lung metastases and 5 disease-free; several miRNAs were differentially expressed between the 2 groups of patients and the subsequent validation by Real Time PCR confirmed a significant difference for miR-136 (p=0.04. Using bioinformatic analysis with the TargetScan software, we identified RANK and NF1B as miR-136 targets and their expression was analysed by Real Time PCR on a larger series of GCTb, showing higher levels of NF1B in metastatic than in disease-free patients. RANK didn’t show any difference. Western Blot analysis revealed an increased expression of both NF1B and RANK in the first group and an immunohistochemistry study performed on TMA sections of 163 GCTb samples with different clinical course included other proteins involved in osteolysis. A significant higher expression of both targets NF1B and RANK was seen in metastatic compared to disease-free patients; the Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the correlation between over-expression of RANK and NF1B and probability of metastasis occurrence (Log Rank p=0.001 and p<0.0005 respectively). Although other proteins involved in osteolysis presented a prognostic impact, ROC curve revealed that the simultaneous over-expression of RANK, RANKL and NF1B was the best model to predict the risk of metastases (AUC=0.782, p<0.0005 ).
Quattrini, Irene <1979>. "Analisi di espressione di microRNA in Tumore a Cellule Giganti: identificazione dei target con ruolo di potenziali biomarcatori." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6263/.
Full textGiant Cell Tumor of bone (GCTb) is a rare locally aggressive tumour representing 5% of all bone tumors. Local recurrences occur in 10-25% of cases, and it may occasionally give lung metastases in 2-5% of cases. In this study, the expression of miRNAs was evaluated using miRNA microarray analysis in 10 patients with GCTb, 5 with lung metastases and 5 disease-free; several miRNAs were differentially expressed between the 2 groups of patients and the subsequent validation by Real Time PCR confirmed a significant difference for miR-136 (p=0.04. Using bioinformatic analysis with the TargetScan software, we identified RANK and NF1B as miR-136 targets and their expression was analysed by Real Time PCR on a larger series of GCTb, showing higher levels of NF1B in metastatic than in disease-free patients. RANK didn’t show any difference. Western Blot analysis revealed an increased expression of both NF1B and RANK in the first group and an immunohistochemistry study performed on TMA sections of 163 GCTb samples with different clinical course included other proteins involved in osteolysis. A significant higher expression of both targets NF1B and RANK was seen in metastatic compared to disease-free patients; the Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the correlation between over-expression of RANK and NF1B and probability of metastasis occurrence (Log Rank p=0.001 and p<0.0005 respectively). Although other proteins involved in osteolysis presented a prognostic impact, ROC curve revealed that the simultaneous over-expression of RANK, RANKL and NF1B was the best model to predict the risk of metastases (AUC=0.782, p<0.0005 ).
MOSCA, Ilaria. "Identificazione di un nuovo meccanismo molecolare e correlazioni genotipo-fenotipo nelle encefalopatie dello sviluppo associate a varianti nei geni KCNQ2 e KCNQ3." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/86357.
Full textEpileptic Encephalopathy (EE) is a severe form of epilepsy in which epileptiform activity contributes to a progressive cerebral dysfunction. Recently, mutations in the kcnq2 or kcnq3 genes have been identified in patients affected by EE. These genes encode for neuronal Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 subunits characterized by the presence of six transmembrane segments and a long C-terminus domain to which several modulatory proteins are associated, such as the phosphatidylinositol-4-5-bis-phosphate (PIP2), that is a know Kv7 activator, and the calmodulin (CaM). The heteromeric channels underlie the neuronal M current, a potassium current which inhibits neuronal excitability. The aim of this work is to study the functional consequences and the pharmacological sensitivity of Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 channels incorporating the following mutations: • Kv7.2 R325G identified in three patients affected by EE; • two mutations in the kcnq3 gene in compound heterozygosis identified in a patient affected by EE (Kv7.3 V359L/Kv7.3 D542N) and the Kv7.2 D535N corresponding to the Kv7.3 D542N variant and described in three cases with EE; • Kv7.2 G310S identified in a patient with EE. To study this mutation channel subunits were expressed in CHO cells by transient transfection. One day after transfection, we recorded the currents by whole cell patch-clamp. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that homomeric mutant channel are not functional when compared to homomeric Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 wild-type (wt) channels. To reproduce the genetic balance of EE-affected patients, mutant subunits were co-expressed with Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 wt subunits. The results obtained suggest that heteromeric mutant channels carried currents size smaller than those from heteromeric wt channels. Based on these results, we therefore tested the activator drug, called retigabine, that was able to restore, at wt levels, the currents carried by heteromeric mutant channels. To better understand the pathogenic mechanism induced by the mutations, we used a structural model in which was possible to reproduce a portion of Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 channels. The residues of our interest are involved in the binding-site of PIP2 and are near to the binding-site of CaM. To this aim, we used two experimental tools: a PIP2-synthesizing enzyme, called PIP5K, that increses PIP2 levels, or a phosphatase, like DrVSP, which reduces PIP2 levels. PIP5K co-expression with Kv7.2 homomeric mutant channels significantly increased current size. On the other end, this effect was not observed for Kv7.3 mutant channels. DrVSP experiments showed that heteromeric mutant currents is more easily inhibeted by DrVSP e more slowly recovered, when compared to heteromeric wt channels. These results suggest that the studied mutations interfere with the PIP2-dependent regulation. Furthermore, a significant current size increase was observed by the co-expression of CaM1234 (a mutated calmodulin that does not bind calcium) with Kv7.2 D535N and Kv7.2 G310S mutant channels, suggesting that these channels also interfere with CaM regulation. In conclusions, the mutations herein investigated causes a loss of function by interfering with the PIP2 regulation and, in some cases, also with the CaM regulation. Moreover, these results provide a rationale for the use of Kv7 channels activators, like retigabine or retigabine derivates, for the pharmacological treatment of patients affected by EE carrying Kv7 loss-of-function mutations.
Centi, Sonia. "Identificazione di pattern di espressione genica della displasia renale associata ad uropatia malformativa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425156.
Full textPALAMENGHI, MICHELE. "Identificazione di hotspot di integrazione in cheratinociti primari umani trasdotti con vettori γRV: potenziali implicazioni per applicazioni cliniche." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1256059.
Full textGene Therapy (GT) achieved remarkable results in treating monogenic diseases deemed incurable by conventional medicine. Although successful clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility of GT for hematological and skin genetic disorders, genotoxicity concerns on the use of gamma-retroviral vectors (γRV) hamper their approval by regulatory authorities. Indeed, in-depth characterization of γRV integration pattern elucidated insertional mutagenesis events, particularly in hematopoietic stem cells, highlighting hotspots of integration in proto-oncogene-enhancer regions. Today, ten patients affected by Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB), a congenital skin disease, have been grafted with γRV-transgenic epidermal sheets, with no signs of insertional mutagenesis. Although open-chromatin-integration preferences have been observed in γRV-transduced keratinocytes, no hotspots of integration have been yet described. In this thesis, we implemented two different Integration Site (IS) analysis assays, LAM-PCR/Illumina and Cas9/Nanopore, to better characterize integration profile across the genome of eight γRV-transduced human primary keratinocytes, either from normal or EB-diseased donors. Thus, a conserved integration pattern with putative hotspots has been identified. Furthermore, the use of two different IS analysis allowed to determine the pros and cons of the two techniques, especially highlighting the limits of the gold standard LAM-PCR/Illumina technique in detecting the complete IS profile. The identification of a common integration pattern with putative hotspots of integration might contribute to understand why insertional events have never been observed in skin-GT trials. This knowledge combined with the use of the new SIN-γRV vectors could lead to definitively support its use in skin-GT.
De, Franceschi Filippo. "Identificazione e caratterizzazione di geni coinvolti nel processo di abscissione in frutti di melo (Malus domestica L. Borkh)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425030.
Full textLibri, D. V. "ANALISI MOLECOLARE E FUNZIONALE DI NUOVE VARIANTI PATOGENETICHE E IDENTIFICAZIONE DI NUOVI GENI CANDIDATI, NELLA PIÙ VASTA CASISTICA ITALIANA DI IPOGONADISMO IPOGONADOTROPO E SINDROME DI KALLMANN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171960.
Full textPinca, Rosa Simona <1984>. "Identificazione dei meccanismi molecolari responsabili del ruolo oncosoppressivo della molecola CD99 nell'osteosarcoma." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6964/1/RosaSimonaPINCA_Tesi-PhD.pdf.
Full textCD99, a transmembrane protein encoded by MIC2 gene is involved in multiple cellular events including cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, cell differentiation and regulation of protein trafficking either in physiological or pathological conditions. In osteosarcoma, CD99 is expressed at low levels and functions as a tumour suppressor. The full-length protein (CD99wt) and the short-form harbouring a deletion in the intracytoplasmic domain (CD99sh) have been associated with distinct functional outcomes with respect to tumour malignancy. In this study, we evaluated modulation of cell-cell contacts, reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton and modulation of signalling pathways by comparing osteosarcoma cells characterised by different metastasis capabilities and CD99 expression, to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for metastasis. Our data indicate that forced expression of CD99wt induces recruitment of N-cadherin and β-catenin to adherens junctions and inhibits the expression of several molecules crucial to the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, such as ACTR2, ARPC1A, Rho-associated coiled–coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) as well as ezrin, an ezrin/radixin/moesin family member that has been clearly associated with tumour progression and metastatic spread in osteosarcoma. Functional studies point to ROCK2 as a crucial intracellular mediator regulating osteosarcoma migration and metastatic spread. By maintaining cSrc in an inactive conformation, CD99wt inhibits ROCK2 signalling and this leads to ezrin decrease at cell membrane while N-cadherin and β-catenin translocate to the plasma membrane and function as main molecular bridges for actin cytoskeleton. We propose that the re-expression of CD99wt, which is generally present in osteoblasts but lost in osteosarcoma, through inhibition of cSrc and ROCK2 activity, manages to increase contact strength and reactivate stop-migration signals that counteract the otherwise dominant promigratory action of ezrin in osteosarcoma cells. We also assessed ROCK2 function in Ewing sarcoma cells: despite the oncogenic role exerted by CD99 in these tumour cells, ROCK2 still drives cell migration.
Pinca, Rosa Simona <1984>. "Identificazione dei meccanismi molecolari responsabili del ruolo oncosoppressivo della molecola CD99 nell'osteosarcoma." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6964/.
Full textCD99, a transmembrane protein encoded by MIC2 gene is involved in multiple cellular events including cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, cell differentiation and regulation of protein trafficking either in physiological or pathological conditions. In osteosarcoma, CD99 is expressed at low levels and functions as a tumour suppressor. The full-length protein (CD99wt) and the short-form harbouring a deletion in the intracytoplasmic domain (CD99sh) have been associated with distinct functional outcomes with respect to tumour malignancy. In this study, we evaluated modulation of cell-cell contacts, reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton and modulation of signalling pathways by comparing osteosarcoma cells characterised by different metastasis capabilities and CD99 expression, to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for metastasis. Our data indicate that forced expression of CD99wt induces recruitment of N-cadherin and β-catenin to adherens junctions and inhibits the expression of several molecules crucial to the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, such as ACTR2, ARPC1A, Rho-associated coiled–coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) as well as ezrin, an ezrin/radixin/moesin family member that has been clearly associated with tumour progression and metastatic spread in osteosarcoma. Functional studies point to ROCK2 as a crucial intracellular mediator regulating osteosarcoma migration and metastatic spread. By maintaining cSrc in an inactive conformation, CD99wt inhibits ROCK2 signalling and this leads to ezrin decrease at cell membrane while N-cadherin and β-catenin translocate to the plasma membrane and function as main molecular bridges for actin cytoskeleton. We propose that the re-expression of CD99wt, which is generally present in osteoblasts but lost in osteosarcoma, through inhibition of cSrc and ROCK2 activity, manages to increase contact strength and reactivate stop-migration signals that counteract the otherwise dominant promigratory action of ezrin in osteosarcoma cells. We also assessed ROCK2 function in Ewing sarcoma cells: despite the oncogenic role exerted by CD99 in these tumour cells, ROCK2 still drives cell migration.
GHASSABIAN, GILAN HANIEH. "Parte A: Divide et impera: tramite uno screening in silico che targhetta l'omodimerizzazione del fattore di processività di HCMV, ppUL44, sono state identificate piccole molecole inibenti la replicazione virale. ParteB: Identificazione del proteoma nucleare di tutti i virus umani tramite un'analisi completa della localizzazione nucleare classica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3459377.
Full textHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals, including AIDS patients and transplant recipients, and in congenitally infected newborns. The utility of available drugs is limited by poor bioavailability, toxicity, and emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, it is crucial to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. Among the latter, viral protein–protein interactions are becoming increasingly attractive. Since dimerization of HCMV DNA polymerase processivity factor ppUL44 plays an essential role in the viral life cycle, being required for oriLyt-dependent DNA replication, it can be considered a potential therapeutic target. We therefore previously performed an in silico screening and selected 18 small molecules (SMs) potentially interfering with ppUL44 homodimerization. Antiviral assays using recombinant HCMV TB4-UL83-YFP in the presence of the selected SMs led to the identification of four active compounds. In this work I have characterized the effect of such compounds on cell viability and growth and began a preliminary analysis of their mode of action. All of them impaired replication of an AD169-GFP reporter virus and its ganciclovir-resistant counterpart to a similar extend. Among the 4 selected SMs compound B3 exhibited the highest selectivity index (SI) and was further investigated. We could show that it also efficiently inhibited HCMV AD169 strain in plaque reduction assays (PRAs). As assessed by qPCR by Western blotting experiments, B3 specifically reduced viral DNA synthesis starting from 72 h post infection, consistent with the inhibition of viral gene expression starting from 48 h post infection by Western blotting experiments. Therefore, our data suggest that inhibition of ppUL44 dimerization could represent a new class of HCMV inhibitors, complementary to those targeting the DNA polymerase catalytic subunit or the viral terminase complex. Our research group previously defined the nuclear proteome of all human viruses, discriminating between viral proteins translocated in an IMPα/β1 dependent or independent process by combining bioinformatics analysis with extensive functional characterization of viral cNLSs. This study represents an unprecedented opportunity to compare how viruses differently interact with the host cell nuclear transport machinery, with important implications for the development of broad-range host targeted antivirals. In depth functional validation of identified putative classical nuclear localization signals (cNLSs) led to the discovery of more than 500 novel viral cNLS. We also report the first characterization of the nuclear import process of Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs) Large T antigens (LT) as well as of the cNLS involved. Although LT from all 14 HPyVs bear a functional cNLS, the latter are extremely heterogenous, both in terms of activity and structural organization. Importantly, cNLS activity mirrored the levels of nuclear accumulation of full-length proteins, with lowest activity associated to HPyV7. Surprisingly, while most HPyVs bear one or more monopartite cNLS, four of them bear a bipartite cNLS. Clearly, such structural differences suggest an important role in conferring binding abilities to specific IMPα isoforms with potential implication for viral tropism determination. Furthermore, among the 26 top ranked cNLS based on cNLS mapper score, two extremely well conserved cNLS in orthologues of Vaccinia Virus proteins A19 and N2 were identified. Both proteins localized in the cell nucleus via energy and IMPα/β-dependent process, and their nuclear import could be abolished by site specific mutagenesis of the cNLSs, thus A19 and N2 mutant derivatives failed to localize in the nucleus.
Terragni, B. "Localizzazione funzionale dei canali pacemaker : identificazione molecolare dei canali f nel nodo senoatriale di coniglio : l'interazione proteina-proteina localizza i canali f nei microdomini caveolari e ne modula le proprieta cinetiche e l'espressione in membrana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/58450.
Full textElmakky, Amira <1982>. "Identificazione e dosaggio di marcatori molecolari dell'endometriosi nel sangue periferico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3889/1/ELMAKKY__AMIRA_tesi.pdf.
Full textElmakky, Amira <1982>. "Identificazione e dosaggio di marcatori molecolari dell'endometriosi nel sangue periferico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3889/.
Full textBaricordi, Cristina <1982>. "Identificazione e validazione di biomarcatori molecolari nel sarcoma di Ewing." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8606/1/Tesi_121617_DEF_AMS.pdf.
Full textEwing sarcoma, the second most common primary bone malignancy, is a highly aggressive mesenchymal tumor arising mainly in adolescents and young adults. Current multimodal treatment has reached a plateau of 70% 5-year overall survival (5y OVS) for patients with localized disease, and 30% and 25% for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. Moreover, patients often suffer from acute and long term toxicity related to chemotherapy. It is thus paramount the development of molecular biomarkers allowing stratification of patients based on risk at diagnosis. The present study validates LGALS3BP and miR-34a as independent predictors of clinical outcome in 124 Ewing sarcoma patients treated in a single Institution. Patients with high expression levels of these molecules have lower risk of developing local recurrences or metastasis (HR 0.402, 95% CI 0.190-0.850 for LGALS3BP;HR 0.485, 95% CI 0.236 -0.996 for miR-34a), and a lower risk of disease-related death (HR 0.397, 95% CI 0.159- 0.993 for LGALS3BP; HR 0.353, 95% CI 0.132-0.943 for miR-34a). By developing and characterizing in vitro and in vivo a stable miR34a expression model, we confirmed its oncosuppressor role in Ewing sarcoma; one of the underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of the 1B isoform of cyclin D1, a direct target of EWS-FLI1, the aberrant transcription factor characteristic of the disease. We also show the feasibility of non-invasive circulating miR-34a quantification. Through a whole transcriptome sequencing approach applied to pre-treatment biopsies from patients with differential chemotherapy response, we identified 4 mutations in the TP53 gene (p.R213X, p.R248W, p.R273C and p.K386M de novo mutation) defining a patient group with poor response to treatment, and a panel of lincRNA with differential expression in the two groups. Overall these results contribute to the definition of a spectrum of molecular features of Ewing sarcoma impacting clinical outcome, which are promising candidates for prospective validation.
DECONTARDI, SIMONE. "Penicilli e Aspergilli associati al formaggio grana Approccio multifasico all'identificazione, fabbisogni ecologici e produzione di tossine." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19077.
Full textOchratoxin A (OTA) was detected a few years ago in Italian packed grated cheese, and supposed to be produced by fungal growth during cheese ripening. The works managed and presented in this thesis aimed to improve knowledge about mycotoxigenic Aspergilli and Penicillia associated to Italian grana cheese. A multiphasic approach was applied for their identification and ecological trials were organised to define fungal needs of the expected dominant species. The objective was to predict the risk of mycotoxin contamination during the ripening condition of grana cheese. Aspergillus puulaauensis and some Penicillium spp (P.crustosum and P. solitum) were the prevalent species associated to grana cheese, while neither P. nordicum, nor P. verrucosum were detected in cheese rind. However, the environmental conditions of the ripening rooms (15-22°C; 72-88% RH) are favourable to P. nordicum and P. verrucosum, reinforcing concern about possible OTA contamination, but other mycotoxigenic species such as P. crustosum must not be neglected. Actions against those mycotoxigenic fungi should mainly reduce total inoculum in the environmental air: ozone is reported to be effective in this sense; moreover, blue light may significantly reduce fungal growth on cheese and shelves surfaces. Information provided therein will be useful for producers and stakeholders to perform a better risk management and guarantee a safe, high-quality product to consumers.
DECONTARDI, SIMONE. "Penicilli e Aspergilli associati al formaggio grana Approccio multifasico all'identificazione, fabbisogni ecologici e produzione di tossine." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19077.
Full textOchratoxin A (OTA) was detected a few years ago in Italian packed grated cheese, and supposed to be produced by fungal growth during cheese ripening. The works managed and presented in this thesis aimed to improve knowledge about mycotoxigenic Aspergilli and Penicillia associated to Italian grana cheese. A multiphasic approach was applied for their identification and ecological trials were organised to define fungal needs of the expected dominant species. The objective was to predict the risk of mycotoxin contamination during the ripening condition of grana cheese. Aspergillus puulaauensis and some Penicillium spp (P.crustosum and P. solitum) were the prevalent species associated to grana cheese, while neither P. nordicum, nor P. verrucosum were detected in cheese rind. However, the environmental conditions of the ripening rooms (15-22°C; 72-88% RH) are favourable to P. nordicum and P. verrucosum, reinforcing concern about possible OTA contamination, but other mycotoxigenic species such as P. crustosum must not be neglected. Actions against those mycotoxigenic fungi should mainly reduce total inoculum in the environmental air: ozone is reported to be effective in this sense; moreover, blue light may significantly reduce fungal growth on cheese and shelves surfaces. Information provided therein will be useful for producers and stakeholders to perform a better risk management and guarantee a safe, high-quality product to consumers.
Pellizzari, Caterina. "Identificazione di marcatori molecolari per la resistenza alla fotobatteriosi nell'orata di allevamento (Sparus aurata)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425321.
Full textLa fotobatteriosiosi ittica, causata dal batterio Gram negativo Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), è una patologia infettiva che colpisce diverse specie di pesci che vivono in acque marine temperate. La fotobatteriosi rappresenta un reale problema sanitario per gran parte degli allevamenti intesivi di orata (Sparus aurata), con tassi di mortalità che possono raggiungere il 90-100%; gli stadi larvali e giovanili sono i più suscettibili all’infezione. Una possibile strategia per prevenire la patologia prevede la selezione di animali geneticamente resistenti a essa. La resistenza alla fotobatteriosi presenta un’ereditabilità medio bassa (0.12-0.45) e la sua stima risulta dispendiosa, di conseguenza, la strategia migliore per l’attuazione di programmi di miglioramento genetico per questo tratto è la selezione assistita da marcatori. Scopo di questo progetto è l’identificazione di loci genetici coinvolti nella determinazione della resistenza all’infezione in orata, mediante un approccio genomico integrato. Un’analisi di QTL per la resistenza alla fotobatteriosi è stata effettuata considerando una popolazione di 500 individui, generati da 8 maschi e 5 femmine, infettati sperimentalmente con Phdp e genotipizzati utilizzando 151 loci microsatelliti. I dati ottenuti sono stati elaborati attraverso un’analisi di regressione half-sib per due caratteri con distribuzione continua, la lunghezza al momento del decesso e la saprovvivenza, e per due caratteri binari, la sopravvivenza al giorno 7 e al giorno 15, associati ai maggiori picchi di mortalità. Per la resistenza alla fotobatteriosi sono stati identificati due QTL significativi. Il primo, coinvolto nella sopravvivenza al giorno 15, è stato associato al LG3. Il secondo, per la sopravvivenza al termine del challenge, è stato collocato nel LG21, per cui è stato possibile anche identificare un potenziale marcatore (Id13) associato alla resistenza alla patologia. Per la lunghezza al momento del decesso è stato individuato un QTL significativo nel LG6, in grado di spiegare il 5-8% della varianza fenotipica. La tecnologia microarray è stata impiegata per analizzare i cambiamenti a livello trascrizionale nel rene cefalico di orate sottoposte a un’infezione sperimentale con Phdp. La piattaforma microarray a oligonucleotidi, sviluppata da Ferraresso e colleghi (2008), è stata aggiornata aggiungendo 6412 nuovi trascritti unici. Le analisi statistiche dei dati di espressione hanno identificato 293 trascritti significativamente sovraespressi e 123 trascritti significativamente sottoespressi, associati a una risposta all’infezione che coinvolge principalmente i più immediati meccanismi del sistema immunitario innato. È stata rilevata, inoltre, una significativa predominanza di molecole antinfiammatorie che aiutano a controllare gli eccessivi danni collaterali ai tessuti dovuti alla risposta dell’ospite, ma così facendo, porterebbero anche a una riduzione dell’efficacia dei meccanismi immunitari responsabili dell’eliminazione del patogeno. I saggi di espressione in Real time RT-PCR hanno confermato i risultati di microarray. I geni differenzialmente espressi sono stati localizzati nel genoma di Gasterosteus aculeatus, per trovare una possibile co-localizzazione dei loci che contribuiscono alla resistenza all’infezione o alla suscettibilità. Questi geni, che apparentemente si collocano nelle stesse regioni dei QTL significativi, rappresentano un punto di partenza per raffinare la localizzazione dei QTL qui identificati e potrebbero raprresentare dei potenziali marcatori per la selezione di linee di animali maggiormente resistenti alla fotobatteriosi
Baccarani, Gianluca <1983>. "Identificazione e validazione di marcatori molecolari, fisiologici ed ambientali per la gestione delle risorse alieutiche lagunari." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1255.
Full textManila clam Ruditapes philippinarum represents one of the main economic resources for Northern Adriatic aquaculture. Many management issues are still unsolved, especially in the Venice Lagoon: illegal fishing, health risks, overfishing. Hence, the evaluation of quality and integrity of production sites is a very important topic. The present work is part of an integrated and multidisciplinar approach aimed at improving the management of the resource and also developing a specific traceability path. Heavy metals content both in sediments and organisms was determined; also, metallothioneins levels were evaluated. Finally, the level of genetic diversity among populations was assessed, through specific molecular markers. Results showed that, in general, the environmental quality of farming sites could be considered as quite good, although management of clam farming shoud be improved for a sustainable exploitation of the resource and for a mitigation of impacts. Genetic analysis showed a clear geographic structuring of haplotypes and the occurrence of multiple introduction events from different recruitment stocks. The present project presents interesting future perspectives, both in terms of basic knowledge and application.
Nicolosi, Maria Luisa. "Identificazione di nuovi target molecolari per la terapia del carcinoma poco differenziato della tiroide: studi in vitro." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1578.
Full textSICILIANO, VERONICA. "Ruolo degli acidi grassi e dello stress ossidativo nella steatosi epatica non alcolica: identificazione di nuovi target molecolari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1301286.
Full textPIEMONTESE, LUCIA. "Identificazione e analisi della struttura di popolazione della specie aliena invasiva Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) mediante approcci molecolari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1199940.
Full textInvasive Alien Species (IAS) can affect negatively the biotic and abiotic components of the areas of introduction, alter ecological communities, enhance the diffusion of pathogens and/or diseases thus, determining severe impacts on biodiversity, healthcare and economy. Understanding the dynamics underlying the invasion process, either in its theoretical and practical aspects, is the key to prevent further invasion and to improve the management of established species avoiding harmful effects on the environment and non-target organisms. The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) is an invasive alien species native to eastern Asia. Its presence outside the original area of distribution has been recorded for the first time in North America and, more recently, in Europe, where it is spreading rapidly across all countries. Other than being a household pest all over its introduced range, this stink bug is causing great economic losses in orchards/crops due to its highly polyphagous nature and bivoltinism. The purposes of this doctoral study were: i. the implementation of molecular tools to determine the patterns of introduction and dispersal of established populations, ii. early detect the presence of H. halys propagules, iii. and identify native potential predators. As first part of the project, the explorative analysis of the genomic structure of Italian and Greek populations of H. halys was investigated with the Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) method in order to identify the genetic variability, the patterns of introduction and dispersal of the individuals with the most widespread mitochondrial haplotype as evidenced in the previous study (Cesari et al. 2018). The analysis evidenced the presence of two main clusters, the first one included only individuals from Emilia-Romagna region (IT) while the second one gathered those from North Italy, Tuscany (IT) and Greece. A deeper analysis hinted a further subdivision of the second cluster in three subclusters, two included individuals from different geographic regions, while one included only specimens from Veneto region (IT) and was characterized by the highest within-cluster differentiation. These results suggest that analysed populations have originated from multiple invasion events and highlight high mobility of the species, as evidenced by the presence of two geographically mixed clusters, likely enhanced by human activities. The other part of the project was focused on testing the efficacy of a qualitative Real-Time PCR protocol to assess the predatory potential of different insectivorous animals by detecting the presence of H. halys DNA in chiropteran guano samples and arthropod gut-content. Guano analysis from Italian bat species collected in the Italian regions of Piedmont, Aosta Valley and Tuscany led to the identification of two genera of bats (Myotis, Nyctalus) feeding on H. halys, with four positive hits found from agricultural sites in Piedmont and two positive hits in Tuscany natural areas. The gut-contents analysis of potential arthropod predators collected in two urban parks in Emilia-Romagna (IT), also scored twenty-three positive results, identifying ten H. halys predator species among insects and arachnids. Present data prove that the species-specific Real-Time PCR assay can address different biological questions (e.g. early detection of pests, predation rates) and operate on very different substrates. Both methods validate the reliability of molecular approaches to address various problematics in invasive species studies, thus setting the stage for the development of adaptable protocols for different case studies.
GRECO, EMANUELA. "Immunità innata e tubercolosi: identificazione di ligandi molecolari coinvolti nella risposta antitubercolare e generazione di liposomi contenenti lipidi bioattivi ad attività immunomodulante." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/885.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide infection disease, due to a single pathogen infection, which is estimated to kill over 2 million people annually. The causative agent of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), an intracellular pathogen which infects human host and interferes with host antimicrobial pathways to allow intracellular survival, inhibiting Phospholipase D (PLD) dependent Phosphatidic Acid (PA) generation. The present study shows a novel role of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN), Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) and Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in the activation of antimicrobial immune response by innate immune cells, such as human monocytes/macrophages and type II human alveolar epithelial cells alveolar. In this context, we found that CpG, LPA and S1P stimulation i) induce Ca++-dependent PLD activation, ii) promote PLD-dependent phagolysosome maturation, and iii) enhance a PLD dependent intracellular mycobacterial killing. These results show that alveolar epithelial cells may represent efficient effecter cells of innate antimycobacterial immune response and that PLD activation i) is crucial for the activation of phagolysosome maturation-based antimicrobial response, ii) is conserved among cell types and iii) is at the intersection of different metabolic pathways, independent of the upstream stimulus received. In order to deliver these second lipid messengers able to recover or enhance host antimicrobial innate immune response to infected cells, a technological platform has been developed. In this context, apoptotic body-like liposomes characterized by the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer lipid leaflet were engineered to contain PA in the inner lipid surface. We demonstrate that these liposomes can be internalized by macrophages and reduce production of proinfiammatory cytokines (IL-beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-23) by simultaneously inducing the production of IL-27. Moreover, the stimulation of human macrophages with apoptotic body like liposomes lead to Ca++ mobilization, Ca++-dependent phagolysosome maturation, and phagolysosome maturation dependent intracellular mycobacterial killing. Altogether, these results suggest the possibility to use apoptotic-like vesicles as Trojan particles to deliver second lipid messengers to restore those molecular pathways inhibited by intracellular pathogens as an intracellular survival strategy.
PUNGINELLI, Diletta. "Identificazione e caratterizzazione di molecole biologicamente attive con attività antimicrobica antibiofilm e antitumorale in Posidonia oceanica e Procambarus clarkii." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/564313.
Full textMaombi, Kakwenzeghere Elvine. "Isolamento, identificazione e valutazione di caratteri tecnologici di ceppi selezionati provenienti da latte fermentato della Repubblica Democratica del Congo." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16804/.
Full textCOSTA, MARTA. "Disturbo bipolare e cefalea a grappolo: identificazione di geni e pathway molecolari e loro potenziale coinvolgimento nella risposta alla terapia con sali di litio tramite analisi dei profili di espressione genome‑wide." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266468.
Full textSPADOLA, GIORGIO. "CARATTERIZZAZIONE DELLA MICOFLORA ASSOCIATA AI PRODOTTI CARNEI STAGIONATI SUINI CON PARTICOLARE RIFERIMENTO ALLA PRESENZA DI PENICILLIUM NORDICUM ED AL SUO BIOCONTROLLO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2474.
Full textPenicillium nordicum is an important contaminant of cured meat products, representing 10% and 26% of the Penicillium spp. isolated, respectively, from the air or the products in a survey managed in Italy (Battilani et al., 2007). Several P. nordicum cured meat isolates proved to be important producers of ochratoxin A, OTA (Sansom and Frisvad, 2004; Pietri et al., 2006; Battilani et al., 2010). Currently, the appropriate setting of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air circulation), is the only accepted tool to prevent the uncontrolled growth of P. nordicum inside dry-curing plants through a carefully structured Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan (Asefa et al., 2011; Virgili et al., 2012). Even if the HACCP system has been successfully applied in the food industry, there are food safety hazards not carefully considered. This is especially true with regard to mycotoxigenic hazards associated with animal food products. The term “mycotoxigenic hazards” is used by Asefa et al. (2011) to describe pathogenic yeasts and toxic secondary metabolites of toxigenic moulds that contaminate food products and affect food safety. Most HACCP plans in food processing activities, such as the production of cheese and dry-cured meat products, considered mainly bacterial agents (Arvanitoyannis and Mavropoulos, 2000; Barbuti and Parolari, 2002), even if such food products get often contaminated with mycotoxigenic fungi and their metabolites (Spotti et al 1989; Spotti et al., 2001a; Battilani et al 2007). Therefore, it should be crucial to define a HACCP plan specifically focused on the mycotoxigenic hazards. The identification, control and standardization of the surface mycoflora of cured meat products is mandatory to preserve the productions safety and the consumers health. This is the context of the effectiveness and reliability evaluation for the Penicillium spp. identification methods of interesting species for food production. In this context, the research project of this PHD thesis tried to fill some gaps of knowledge with the attempt to limit the mycotoxigenic risk in the cured meat products chain. The following topics were faced: 1. study of the composition and dynamic of fungal microflora present on the surface of cured meat products (salami) and the air of seasoning environments taking into account the influence of some process parameters (starter inoculum, curing temperature, stage of seasoning). 2. development of a MALDI TOF MS method for the identification of Penicilium at species level for future direct screening perspectives of the microflora present on cured meat products. 3. comparison and integration of different techniques, as morphological, molecular and mass spectral analysis, for the identification of Penicillium species in cured meat products. 4. evaluation of selected yeasts, isolated from dry-cured ham surface, to compete with P. nordicum and to inhibit OTA accumulation in the perspective of their use as surface starter biocontrol agents.
SPADOLA, GIORGIO. "CARATTERIZZAZIONE DELLA MICOFLORA ASSOCIATA AI PRODOTTI CARNEI STAGIONATI SUINI CON PARTICOLARE RIFERIMENTO ALLA PRESENZA DI PENICILLIUM NORDICUM ED AL SUO BIOCONTROLLO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2474.
Full textPenicillium nordicum is an important contaminant of cured meat products, representing 10% and 26% of the Penicillium spp. isolated, respectively, from the air or the products in a survey managed in Italy (Battilani et al., 2007). Several P. nordicum cured meat isolates proved to be important producers of ochratoxin A, OTA (Sansom and Frisvad, 2004; Pietri et al., 2006; Battilani et al., 2010). Currently, the appropriate setting of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air circulation), is the only accepted tool to prevent the uncontrolled growth of P. nordicum inside dry-curing plants through a carefully structured Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan (Asefa et al., 2011; Virgili et al., 2012). Even if the HACCP system has been successfully applied in the food industry, there are food safety hazards not carefully considered. This is especially true with regard to mycotoxigenic hazards associated with animal food products. The term “mycotoxigenic hazards” is used by Asefa et al. (2011) to describe pathogenic yeasts and toxic secondary metabolites of toxigenic moulds that contaminate food products and affect food safety. Most HACCP plans in food processing activities, such as the production of cheese and dry-cured meat products, considered mainly bacterial agents (Arvanitoyannis and Mavropoulos, 2000; Barbuti and Parolari, 2002), even if such food products get often contaminated with mycotoxigenic fungi and their metabolites (Spotti et al 1989; Spotti et al., 2001a; Battilani et al 2007). Therefore, it should be crucial to define a HACCP plan specifically focused on the mycotoxigenic hazards. The identification, control and standardization of the surface mycoflora of cured meat products is mandatory to preserve the productions safety and the consumers health. This is the context of the effectiveness and reliability evaluation for the Penicillium spp. identification methods of interesting species for food production. In this context, the research project of this PHD thesis tried to fill some gaps of knowledge with the attempt to limit the mycotoxigenic risk in the cured meat products chain. The following topics were faced: 1. study of the composition and dynamic of fungal microflora present on the surface of cured meat products (salami) and the air of seasoning environments taking into account the influence of some process parameters (starter inoculum, curing temperature, stage of seasoning). 2. development of a MALDI TOF MS method for the identification of Penicilium at species level for future direct screening perspectives of the microflora present on cured meat products. 3. comparison and integration of different techniques, as morphological, molecular and mass spectral analysis, for the identification of Penicillium species in cured meat products. 4. evaluation of selected yeasts, isolated from dry-cured ham surface, to compete with P. nordicum and to inhibit OTA accumulation in the perspective of their use as surface starter biocontrol agents.
MASSELLI, MARIKA. "Neoplasie della linea B emopoietica: inquadramento molecolare e identificazione di approcci terapeutici volti al superamento della chemioresistenza." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/599045.
Full textLANFRANCOTTI, Alessandra. "Identificazione e caratterizzazione di geni espressi nelle ghiandole salivari di Anopheles gambiae, il principale vettore di malaria in Africa sub-Sahariana." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/454923.
Full textPELULLO, MARIA. "Interazione in cis di notch3 e jagged1: identificazione di un nuovo meccanismo molecolare coinvolto nella progressione della leucemia linfoblastica acuta a cellule T." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917715.
Full textMARI, ELEONORA. "Investigation on microbiota of extra virgin olive oil extraction process." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1035111.
Full textSALERNO, Barbara. "IDENTIFICAZIONE E UTILIZZAZIONE DI MARCATORI MOLECOLARI NELLA SISTEMATICA DEI FITOSEIDI (PARASITIFORMES, PHYTOSEIIDAE)." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/94670.
Full textBRUGNOLETTI, FULVIA. "Identificazione di nuovi marcatori molecolari nelle LAL mediante l'integrazione del profilo di espressione genica e dello stato mutazionale dei nuovi geni." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917996.
Full textMARIESCHI, Matteo. "Identificazione di possibili sofisticazioni in preparati commerciali di origano Mediterraneo ed analisi genetica di Origanum spp. mediante marcatori molecolari genomici: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) e Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR)." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11381/2306929.
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