Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Identification des propriétés mécaniques du bois'
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Horbanluekit, Banpot. "Identification des composites naturels et des composites artificiels par leur propriété d'amortissement." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1154.
Full textDang, Djily. "Mesures de champs pour la caractérisation d'hétérogénéités dans le matériau bois." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22747/document.
Full textWood is generally studied as an orthotropic and homogeneous material, but in reality there are gradients of mechanical and physical properties in each direction. Indeed, wood consists of summer and spring woods which manifest annual growth rings. These latter are more regular in most of softwoods than in hardwoods. In this paper, we are interested in studying and identifying the properties of a resinous under water diffusion, namely the white fir of the Massif Central. This study requires the use of a contacless full-field measurement technique. The grid method is used here. This latter offers the opportunity to observe the heterogeneity of wood at the ring scale through the strain fields. It thus provides the response of latewood and earlywood under water stress. This measurement technique is coupled with an inverse method to identify the water behavior parameters. This inverse method provides latewood and earlywood diffusion coefficients along the tangential diffusion direction, as well as their coefficients of expansion in the radial direction from the strain maps. The grid method is also used to study the behavior of wood under constant or variable environment when it is subjected to radial compression. Some identification methods are also proposed to determine from the deformation maps the mechanical properties along the radial direction of wood at the ring scale
Noel, Matthieu. "Modélisation déterministe et probabiliste de la rupture par champ de phase et identification expérimentale pour la fissuration des structures en bois dans l’ameublement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2061.
Full textIn the furniture industry, ensuring the safety of structures in accordance with European standards presents a significant challenge for furniture manufacturers. Before commercialization, furniture are subjected to standardized validation tests, which only allow for a retrospective understanding of its mechanical behavior. This thesis aims to develop modeling and numerical simulation tools to predict the cracking failure mechanism at the connections between furniture elements. To achieve this objective, the methodological approach combines modeling and numerical simulation with experimental testing. It employs the finite element method coupled with phase-field fracture/damage models to simulate cracking in linear elastic isotropic and anisotropic materials within a deterministic and probabilistic framework. An experimental testing campaign is conducted on perforated spruce wood samples subjected to uniaxial compression to reproduce the cracking mechanisms observed in real structures, particularly in the connections of high loft beds. An identification procedure is developed and implemented to characterize the elastic and damage properties of spruce wood, in particular by exploiting experimental displacement field measurements obtained through digital image correlation. A method for accelerating phase-field damage simulations is proposed to reduce their high computational cost. This approach allows for the prediction, independently of the type of connections, of the displacement or critical force preceding crack initiation. The numerical results indicate that, provided realistic boundary conditions are applied and the material properties are correctly identified, the crack initiation criterion is useful for predicting the location of potentially damaged/cracked areas and providing a consistent order of magnitude of the force or displacement required to initiate cracking. This criterion only requires a single linear elastic simulation, followed by a post-processing with a phase-field damage model, to facilitate its use in an industrial context, in particular the furniture sector. The numerical tools developed, available in open source, could help furniture manufacturers to predict brittle fracture in wood and optimize furniture design, while guaranteeing compliance with safety standards
Šećerović, Amra. "Identification and characterization of molecular players potentially responsible for the mechanical properties of tension wood." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2066/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to approach the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the particular properties of the G-layer and the outstanding mechanical properties of tension wood (TW). Accordingly, three potential molecular players (fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (FLA), chitinase-like protein (CTL) and β-galactosidase (BGAL)) were chosen and studied through a phylogenetic analysis, expression analyses and most importantly characterization of RNAi transgenic poplars. This multilevel characterization revealed that CTL2 and FLAs have function in the regulation of cellulose crystallinity in TW. CTL2 was also shown to be important both for the cell wall organization and stem mechanical properties. BGAL was studied in a light of the previously reported modifications of RG-I pectin, potentially important for the mechanical properties of TW. Study of BGAL revealed that the enzyme has higher activity in TW than in opposite wood. BGAL7, whose gene was expressed specifically in TW, does not seem to be responsible for the higher BGAL activity in TW. In comparison to poplar, we analyzed the occurrence of molecular players potentially responsible for TW mechanical properties in simarouba, a tropical species, which develops different TW fiber. Arabinogalactan proteins and RG-I pectin potentially targeted by BGAL were localized in TW fibers both in poplar and simarouba and therefore may be involved in a common mechanism of tensile stress generation in different TW types. A model was finally proposed to elucidate a potential function of the studied molecular players in the regulation of G-layer properties and tensile stress generation
Chazelas, Jean-Louis. "Caractéristiques physiques et mécaniques locales du bois dans la zone des noeuds." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21231.
Full textMariotti, Nicolas. "Caractérisation des propriétés physico-mécaniques de bois densifié thermo-hygromécaniquement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27323/27323.pdf.
Full textParadis, Normand. "Relations entre les propriétés mécaniques du bois et les vitesses acoustiques mesurées à trois étapes du processus de transformation du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27950/27950.pdf.
Full textBigué, Paré Alexandre. "Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques de surface du bois par imprégnation sous vide en continu." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69375.
Full textThis master's project is carried out under the direction ofAndré Bégin-Drolet and Pierre Blanchet as part of the CRSNG – Canlak en finition des produits du bois d’intérieur (CRIF). The main objective is to provide knowledge to guide the densification and hardness increase of engineered floorboards of industrial scale production in order to make floors more durable and resistant. The literature review initially concluded that vacuum impregnation is the fastest and most effective method of surface densification for wood. The models discussed, including that of Fito et al.[1], as well as fluid mechanics models, revealed the optimal impregnation parameters. These include the viscosity of the impregnation formulation, which should be as low as possible in order to maximize penetration into the wood pores. The liquid impregnates by filling the pores of the wood and then sets through polymerization, making the wood more durable. In a second step, it is proposed to carry out vacuum impregnation continuously and automatically. Two real prototypes have been designed in order to confirm the chosen impregnation parameters as well as to find a sequence of operation. Finally, an automated prototype allowing the impregnation of engineering floor boards is presented. It is evaluated at $125,000 for total manufacturing costs and gives a production rate of 0.7 m²/sec.
Langbour, Patrick. "Rigidité de l'arbre sur pied, indicateur de l'élasticité longitudinale du bois : application aux peupliers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10200.
Full textGuerrin, Gilles-Marc. "Caractérisation en flexion quasi statique et dynamique d'un matériau thermo-hygroviscoélastique : le bois." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL004N.
Full textFoudjet, Amos. "Contribution à l'étude rhéologique du matériau bois." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19016.
Full textBordonne, Pierre Antoine. "Module dynamique et frottement intérieur dans le bois : mesures sur poutre flottantes en vibrations naturelles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10387.
Full textDaryanto, Hadi. "Étude des caractéristiques physico-mécaniques du bois imprégné et du bois densifié par imprégnation suivi d'une compression plastique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10028.
Full textJoyet, Patrick. "Comportement différé du matériau bois dans le plan transverse sous des conditions hydriques évolutives." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10665.
Full textThe description of creep behaviour across the grain direction under constant and varying moisture content is achieved on small specimens of maritime pine. Creep experiments in bending show several elementary mechanisms. These mechanism can be identified in the experimental window with the maximum creep rate both in the radial and tangential directions. A model using several linear rheological elements (Kelvin body) with a moisture content dependant delayed behaviour is used to simulate the creep. The elements can be matched with the identified mechanisms which appear during the creep experiment. A change of the moisture content level between 19% and 13% results on a shift of the master curve on the logarithmic axis. Creep experiments in tension, compression and bending prove the existence of a creep limit when the external load is below a critical stress level. The behaviour law for unsteady states of moisture content is formulated on the basis of hygroscopic activation. The absolute value of the moisture variation reduces the stiffness of the Kelvin body. The delayed response is considered as a viscoelastic behaviour accelerated by moisture content variation
Grandmont, Jean-Frédéric. "Analyse structurale du système âme-semelles de poutrelles en bois à configuration en I." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28563/28563.pdf.
Full textResearch and development of wood I-joist design has often relied on laboratory testing and on empirical approach. Oriented strand board (OSB) has been used successfully as web material but its behavior within the I-joist needs to better be defined in order to improve wood I-joist design. The overall objective of this study is to develop a model that would simulate the deflection and shear strain of a wood I-joist in bending and to develop a better understanding of the web properties impact on the overall I-joist bending behavior. This was pursued by specifying three specific objectives: • Identify web mechanical properties that should be determined experimentally due to their impact on I-joist deflection and shear strain. • Determine the OSB web mechanical properties, including their variability, required to develop a finite element model of wood I-joist bending behavior. • Determine the impact of OSB physical and mechanical properties variability on I-joists bending behavior. To determine which OSB properties have higher impact on I-joist shear strain and deflection, a sensitivity study was performed with a finite element method (FEM) based model. The OSB mechanical properties were changed in a numerical model from 50% to 200% of the reference value to determine their impact on web shear strain and I-joist deflection. The model was primarily sensitive to in-plane web shear stiffness, which changed I-joist deflection up to 23%. The model was also sensitive to the web tensile modulus of elasticity parallel and perpendicular to joist length. These properties changed I-joist deflection up to 2% and 1%, respectively. The important or sensitive OSB web mechanical properties were determined by a methodology developed to obtain reliable mechanical properties of I-joists OSB web, including variability. OSB panel samples were scanned by X-rays to measure in-plane density variation. Specimens were cut from pre-defined homogeneous density areas in three different orientations (parallel, perpendicular, and diagonal to the strong axis) to measure three basic elastic properties required for an elastic model of I-joists OSB web: modulus of elasticity (MOE) parallel and perpendicular to the panel’s strong axis and shear modulus (G). Given the required small specimen size, shear modulus was determined using a combination of in-plane tensile MOEs, including MOE at 45 degrees. The results showed a strong relationship between OSB density and small-scale mechanical properties: coefficients of determination (R2) varied between 0.57 and 0.79. This provided information on I-joist OSB web mechanical properties as a function of density for input into a numerical model. Properties showed considerable variability in the 600–900 kg/m3 density range, with a 207% increase in tensile modulus of elasticity in the parallel direction, 187% in the perpendicular direction, and 172% at 45°. The mechanics-based OSB shear modulus equation used proved to be reliable. Finally, to determine the impact of OSB mechanical properties variability on I-joists bending behaviour, a series of simulations were performed. The inclusion OSB web heterogeneous properties over wood I-joist behavior in bending was investigated. The shear strain in the web and the I-joist deflection from full scale experimental results were first compared with model output considering homogeneous OSB web. Results showed a good correlation between simulated and full scale experimental bending test results values with deflection differences ranging from 9 to 24%. However, the model overestimated the shear strain. These differences were potentially due to the OSB local variability of density and mechanical properties. Based on a previously established density/properties relationship and on web OSB in-plane density mapping, OSB property heterogeneity was considered in the model. Simulation results including heterogeneous OSB properties (n=100) were then compared with those considering homogeneous properties (n=100). Shear strain distribution was altered in the web and a small (less than 1%) increase in deflection was observed. Based on density measured across the OSB web thickness and on the established density/properties relationship, simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of the vertical density profile on the simulated I-joist. A 1% deflection increase was observed as well as a lateral displacement of the bottom flange.
Bardet, Sandrine. "Comportement thermoviscoélastique transverse du bois humide : application à une essence tropicale dense : Bocoa Prouacensis Aubl." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20195.
Full textSimon, Pierre. "Approche multiéchelle du comportement mécanique du bois dans le plan transverse." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0049/these.pdf.
Full text[The elastic behavior of softwoods presents a huge anisotropy in the transverse plane. It is moreover very heterogeneous at some scales. Transverse mechanical properties also seem to be very different between species or from a piece of wood to another. Here is proposed an experimental and theoretical study of this behavior. To explain, it, at least the cellular scale must be observed. Many shapes of cells exist and an adaptative goemetric model of the cells has been constructed. An analytical calculus then gives the mechanical properties associated to this geometric model. Then the behavior of wood at upper scales is deduced from the morphology of cells in the annual rings. The anisotropy and the heterogeneity of spruce are quantified. Experimental data are compared to the theoretical results. The great variability of cellular shapes locally leads to a very important diversity in their stiffness, from 1 to 10 for some types of loads. Macroscopoic orthotropy come from the microscopic anisotropy but also depends on the regular assembly of cells in annual rings. The behavior of annual rings is less random than cell properties, paradoxically thanks to the great cellular variability. And when the transverse behavior of macroscopic wood pieces is measured, its variability decreases with the number of annual rings in the section, and reach only some ten percents. Nevertheless, the mean transverse elastic behavior of structure pieces is quite variable. It largely depends on the orientation and curvature of the annual rings. And the transverse stiffness can vary from 1 to 5 from one beam to another]
Amri, Fouad El. "Contribution à la modélisation élastique anisotrope du matériau bois-feuillus et résineux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10170.
Full textAntczak, Emmanuel. "Identification par impédance thermique : application à la caractérisation des géomatériaux." Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0001.
Full textMbagou, Jean Bosco. "Variabilité intra-arbre des propriétés physico-mécaniques et chimiques du "Tessmania africana" en provenance du Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27968.
Full textThe aim of the present research is to study the intra-tree variability of the physico-mechanical and chemical properties as well as the natural durability of Wamba wood (Tessmania africana) from specimens taken in two trees at three levels of height (DHP, mid-height and under the crown) and two radial positions (sapwood and heartwood). The results showed mean values of total shrinkage in the heartwood of tree 1 of 4.76, 7.40, and 12.51% for radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkages respectively. The shrinkage values were very similar in the heartwood of the two trees with an increasing progression from the base of the trunk towards the crown. Sapwood gave slightly lower mean values. The basic density of Wamba proved to be about the same in both trees with respectively for the sapwood and heartwood of tree 1 mean values of 677 and 712 kg/m3. The corresponding mean values for the oven-dry density were 762 and 812 kg/m3. As for the shrinkage variation, the density increases from the base of the trunk towards the crown in heartwood and reaches a maximum value at mid-height in sapwood. The results also made it possible to observe a very significant correlation between the basic density and the total tangential shrinkage. The mean values of the modulus of elasticity in longitudinal compression were 15.6 GPa in sapwood and 18.6 GPa in heartwood. Those of the maximum compressive stress were 65.2 MPa in sapwood and 79.9 MPa in heartwood. The phenolic compounds showed correlations going from significant to very significant with the mechanical properties. Except for pentosans, the Student test carried out on the primary components of the wood Wamba did not show any significant difference in their concentration in the radial and longitudinal positions. The analysis of minerals did not detect any presence of silica. The total average content of extractives after sequence extraction with ethanol-toluene and hot water in tree 1 gave 10.1% in heartwood and 7.5% in sapwood, and very similar values in tree 2. The polyphenol contents determined by UV spectroscopy are more important in heartwood, particularly at mid-height. GC-MS analysis of phytosterols indicated the presence of gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol and of betulin, three interesting molecules for their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-VIH, and hépato-protective activities. The phenolic compounds would mainly explain the decay resistance of the heartwood of Wamba, which was found as very durable.
Paes, Torquato Luciane. "Modélisation de la stabilité dimensionnelle et des propriétés mécaniques du bois d’épinette noire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68341.
Full textBending strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability of wood are determining properties fortheir potential use in building structure and added-value products. A detailed knowledge of the variation patterns of the properties inside a tree is essential to optimize the use of this renewable resource and to develop high-performance products. This PhD project’s goal is to characterize and model the variation pattern for bending strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability within the tree as a function of different parameters (radial distance, the height ofthe stem, the ring width) and taking into account the history of the stands. This general objective was pursued by the means of the specific objectives to : 1) describe the variation pattern of the physico-mechanical properties from pith to the bark (i.e. as a function ofcambial age) and in the longitudinal axis of the stem; 2) model the effect of the radial growth rate on the physico-mechanical properties; 3) model the effect of the basic specific densityon the physico-mechanical properties and examine the differences between the two types of stand structures (regular and irregular). The study focused on black spruce (Picea mariana[Mill.] B.S.P.), a species of high commercial importance in Canada. Sixty trees were sampled in twelve stands located north and south of the North Shore region, thirty trees in six standsin Abitibi-Témiscamingue and forty-two trees from Lac Saint-Jean. This study used astatistical modelling approach to relate flexural strength, stiffness and dimensional stability parameters to variables such as cambial age and annual growth rate. The stands were sampled with a known time since the last fire because this is known to influence stand structure and tree growth. The results confirmed that cambial age is clearly the most important source ofradial direction variation in wood properties, which could be used as a predictive variable. The ring width had a small additional influence to explain the variations in mechanical and dimensional stability properties. The fast-growing wood in regular stands had superior mechanical properties and were less dimensionally stable. Slow-growing trees from unevenaged, irregular stands may produce less dense late wood, which would tend to reduce mechanical properties and increase the dimensional stability of the material. Thus, these properties may be affected by the patterns of intra-ring variation in wood density. The effect of stand type on the wood physico-mechanical properties may also be due to the presence of mild compression wood, which can occur in trees of layer origin or in trees subjected togreater or more complex mechanical stimuli. Analyses also indicate that wood density and cambial age measurements can be used to estimate dimensional stability and mechanical properties. In addition, prediction indices have shown that it is preferable to predict dimensional stability from MOE and cambial age measurements rather than opting for the opposite case, i.e., estimating mechanical properties from dimensional stability. These results could have practical implications for decision-making in forest management and wood allocation. The selection of forest stands to produce black spruce wood for either high dimensional stability or high mechanical properties may be an interesting option that emerges from our results. In general, the modelling results were able to clearly characterize the differences between the two types of stand structures. However, further fundamental researchis needed to elucidate the mechanisms of wood formation that are responsible for differences in properties related to the growth environment in these two types of stand, including the internal structure of growth rings and the ultrastructure and chemical composition of the cell wall of wood tracheids, in order to obtain a more complete tool of simulation of wood qualityfor black spruce.
Almeida, Giana. "Influence de la structure du bois sur ses propriétés physico-mécaniques à des teneurs en humidité élevées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23430/23430.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to improve the knowledge of the influence of the wood structure on its physical and mechanical properties. Three temperate and five tropical hardwoods were studied in order to have a high diversity of anatomical properties. Two experimental techniques (saturated salt solutions and pressure membrane method) were used to perform moisture sorption tests at 25ºC. These sorption tests were combined with physical and mechanical property measurements. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was used in order to separate different components of water in wood during desorption. The porous structure of these hardwoods was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and by quantitative anatomical analyses. The results showed that at equilibrium moisture content, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, as well as changes in transverse strength, occur above the fiber saturation point (FSP). This result indicates that the loss of bound water takes place in the presence of liquid water. This remaining liquid water would be entrapped on the least permeable tissue elements (ray parenchyma). The initial equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at which bound water starts to be removed varied largely among wood species. The NMR results confirmed that, even at equilibrated conditions, a region exists where the loss of liquid water and bound water take place simultaneously. This region will vary according to the wood structure. Liquid water was present at EMC values lower than the fiber saturation point, which contradicts the concept of this point. At higher values of relative humidity the desorption curves largely varied among species. Quantitative anatomical and MIP results were useful to a better comprehension of the influence of wood structure on the wood - water relationships. Concerning the dimensional properties, a large variation of the shrinkage values was observed among the species studied. Temperate species had larger shrinkage values and the basic density was not correlated with shrinkage when temperate and tropical values were analyzed together. Finally, the present work gives information about fundamental aspects of wood – water relationships, which are important for a better utilization of this material.
Masson, Eric. "Incidence du mode de séchage sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du bois de chêne de tonnellerie (Quercus petraea (Matt. ) Liebl. )." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10302.
Full textFournier, Meriem. "Mécanique de l'arbre sur pied : maturation, poids propre, contraintes climatiques dans la tige standard." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10470.
Full textEyma, Florent. "Caractérisation des efforts de coupe de différentes essences de bois à l'aide de leurs paramètres mécaniques." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10186.
Full textFor wood industries, a better knowledge of material behaviour during machining became an obligation for economical and productive reasons : with equipment adapted to manufactures needs. Woodworking machinery and tools manufacturers, as well as their users, urgently require reliable information on the main factors influencing wood cutting and above all on the magnitude of the force required to separate a chip, i. E the cutting force and its variations in different cases. In fact, the control of cutting forces during wood machining is something absolutely essential : to estimate wood behaviour and surface quality; to work in respect of tool capability; to optimised cutting conditions. However, today, to estimate cutting forces, a factor remains difficult to take in consideration : the influence of wood species. The aim of this study is to approach the influence of "the wood species" factor on cutting forces involved during machining, to give more precision to the relation. These investigations deals with the study of fourteen exotics wood species in the 90-0 cutting process. The influence of mechanical characteristics generally described in the literature and involved in this cutting process (hardness, tenacity, compression and shearing parallel to the grain) was studied and some formulations was obtained which allowed to estimate more precisely strains involved and general behaviour of wood during machining (with an explanation of more than 80% of the variation of cutting forces). These mechanical characteristics seems to be an easy solution to understand the general mechanical behaviour of each wood species studied during machining. In addition of this work, another method was used to estimate easily and quickly cutting forces involved during machining : Chardin's pendulum. Results obtained are promising but give less precision than mechanical parameters. Finally, in the fourth part of this memory, an application of all these results to the methodology of the Couple Tool Material (COM) was realised, and allowed to give more precision in the estimation of good cutting conditions and in the optimisation of machining parameters
Dupuy, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par analyse vibratoire." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20200.
Full textThe mechanical performance of composites depends not only on the characteristics of fillers and matrix used, but also on the quality of interface between these constituents. Thus, poor interfacial adhesion generally results in a decrease of the behavior of composite, which may be likened to an overall damage of the material. The purpose of this study is to propose a means of quick characterization of materials damage from mechanical vibrations analyses. Indeed, bad cohesion within thematerial can lead to friction phenomena, which tend to increase the damping level of its dynamic response. Several experimental techniques, some of which based on the analysis of the structural resonant frequencies, are presented in this study. The viscoelastic properties of particulate composites with polymer matrix are analyzed. Some design parameters of these model materials have been tuned, in order to create different damage levels. The results, particularly in regard to the loss factor, are interpreted from a comparison with simple analytical homogenization models
Dupuy, Jean-Sébastien. "Identification des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par analyse vibratoire." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383234.
Full textPiccuezzu, Eric. "Lois de comportement en géomécanique : modélisation, mise en oeuvre, identification." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0227.
Full textBadel, Eric. "Détermination des propriétés élastiques et du retrait d'un cerne annuel de chêne dans le plan transverse : description de la morphologie, mesures des propriétés microscopiques et calculs d'homogénéisation." Nancy, ENGREF, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENGR0064.
Full textCaumes, Philippe. "Rupture d'un matériau anisotrope en conditions polymodales (le bois)." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10559.
Full textAdalian, Céline. "Comportement du bois en compression dynamique multiaxiale : application à la simulation de crashs de conteneurs." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10614.
Full textWood is a material used a energy absorbing device in containers for the transportation of dangerous materials. The design of these containers is more and more often done with finite element modelling. So, the aim of this research work was to create a numerical model for wood, the "wood model" in order to describe the behaviour of wood under dynamic multiaxial compression. We present experimental results and their analytical modelling for wood under static and dynamic compression which involves large deformations. This "wood model" is based on the experimental results mentioned before. It is used in a finite element explicit non-linear dynamic code. LS-DYNA3D. By this way, we can compare this model with other models used to characterize wood model as impact limiter crashed at 52 to 65 m/s with numerical results made with our wood model and with other numerical materials types used to model the behaviour of wood under compression with large deformations
Dubois, Frédéric. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des milieux viscoélastiques fissurés : application au matériau bois." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0005.
Full textBohnke, Isabelle. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des traitements thermiques du bois. Caractérisation physico-mécanique des bois traités." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844044.
Full textMamao, Gouveia Giovanni. "Identification temporelle d'efforts sur des systèmes multicorps flexibles." St Etienne du Rouvray, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0015.
Full textGuedes, Fernanda T. P. "Vers l’identification des acteurs moléculaires responsables des propriétés mécaniques du bois de tension de peuplier." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2070/document.
Full textThis work aimed at characterizing the composition in polysaccharides of poplar tension wood fibres and a possible correlation with mechanisms for creating tension. Firstly, we isolated G-layers from tension wood formed in young poplars which grows in a greenhouse under controlled conditions and determine its polysaccharides composition and the structure of these polysaccharides. Therefore, we investigate the polysaccharide distribution during tension and opposite wood fibres differentiation by using 178 antibodies raised against the major wall polysaccharides. The distribution and function of two fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins were studied using two antibodies produced to this end and the function of one of the proteins were studied by reverse genetics. This work show an evolution in the polysaccharides composition of G-layer through its differentiation and also differences concerning S2 layer composition between tension and opposite wood fibres. No evidences for the presence of xyloglucans in the G-layer. However, this work shows the presence of a high quantity of RG-I type pectin which may be implicated in a gel-like structure formation which swelling could be responsible for tension creation in cellulose microfibrils. Our results suggest an implication of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins in G-layer construction. Further, this work opens up new perspectives towards identification of molecular basis of tension creation in tension wood
Cabrolier, Pierre. "Caractérisation des propriétés structurales et mécaniques des composantes pariétales du bois à l'échelle du tissu." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0067.
Full textWoods are a highly complex combination of multi-scale heterogeneities. Macroscopic properties of wood depend on all smaller scales of heterogeneity: growth rings, cells, as well as organization and concentration of cell wall chemical compounds. While the effect of the crystalline elements (microfibrils) of the solid phase on the macroscopic properties has been studied, one of the challenges is to estimate the determinism of the cell-wall molecular arrangements on the cells' properties inside a tissue. In this context, the present study is developed along two lines: (i) The collection of information on cell wall organization across the diversity of cells, and (ii) the characterization of micro-mechanical properties at the tissue level, with the consideration of smaller scales of heterogeneity. Most sub-cell wall descriptions were performed using a confocal Raman micro-spectrometer, and tools of analysis that were developed in this study. For example, obtained results have highlighted the cell wall of a living cell (thyllose), the cell wall formation in poplar fibers close to the cambial region, the impact of environmental stimuli on sub-cell wall organization, or else the continuous variation of the spatial organization of crystalline compounds in wall of different mature cells. The mechanical characterization was realized in the longitudinal direction on small samples (thickness below 100µm). The understanding of complex phenomena involved in the mechanical behavior was approached through a study on the variation of structural and mechanical properties within a ring. The different parts of the stress-strain curve have been discussed, and a simplified homogenization model has help to highlighted the determinism of sub-cell wall organization on the mechanical properties of cells at the tissue level
Cherif, Hadj Ahmed. "Torréfaction de la biomasse lignocellulosique prétraitée aux liquides ioniques - Propriétés physico-mécaniques et analyse comparative par spectroscopies de surface." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30581/30581.pdf.
Full textThe heat treatment of wood in a gas atmosphere is a process that aims to improve the properties of wood. Indeed, treated wood possesses improved dimensional stability, reduced hygroscopic nature and resistance to degradation by various factors (fungi, insects). The main disadvantage of the method is the long duration of treatment. This work explores the possibility of using ionic liquids for the treatment of wood as they have the particularity to accelerate the decomposition of the main wood constituents. Surface analysis and testing of physical and mechanical properties were performed on treated wood. The surface analysis showed that ionic liquids have contributed to the degradation of lignin as well as the development of the hydrophobic character of the wood. The physical and mechanical tests have meanwhile revealed that lower moisture and water absorption contents, decreased the swelling and mechanical properties.
Pontin, Michele Geovana. "Propriétés physico-mécaniques de trois bois tropicaux au-dessous et au-dessus de la saturation des membranes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22908/22908.pdf.
Full textGuidigo, Jonathan. "Caractérisation physico-mécanique d’un composite bois polymère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0229/document.
Full textThis study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC
Choffel, Denise. "Classement automatique des bois de structure par capteurs micro-ondes." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10005.
Full textLe, Naour Frédéric. "Une méthode de reconnaissance mécanique du bois : le perçage." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10633.
Full textBergonnier, Sandra. "Relation entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Full textMichaud, Franck. "Rhéologie de panneaux composite bois/thermoplastiques sous chargement thermomécanique : aptitude au postformage." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR16010.
Full textThis project deals with a new type of Wood Polymer Composite (WPC) able to be post moulded. Based on wood industry processing we developed different wood/adhesive/thermoplastic fibreboards. This exploratory work leads to an innovative WPC fibreboard dedicated to structural or decorative use. In order to reach sufficient mechanical properties we managed to improve the cohesion properties. In fact, weak interfacial adhesion is a recurrent problem of all Wood/Thermoplastic products. An original coating process of MAPP onto PP fibres gave great interfacial adhesion enhancement and mechanical properties similar to MDF panels. The post thermoforming ability was measured with an original thermoforming test. These investigations, through characterisation and modelling, allowed us to determine the role of different factors and their interactions. Our post mouldable composite WPC fibreboards are porous and made-up of a fibre network which showed a complex rheological behaviour. Morphology, concentration, distribution of each components and surface interactions between them explain this behaviour
Bergonnier, Sandra. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques de matériaux enchevêtrés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136408.
Full text- Une analyse du procédé de crêpage à partir de vidéos numériques permettant de déterminer localement les champs de taux de déformations au sein de la crêpeuse et de quantifier la cinématique d'une crêpeuse.
- Une analyse du produit fini : à partir de photos de produit texturé, un outil de détermination de l'anisotropie locale a été mis en place. Cette anisotropie est liée aux performances mécaniques du produit. Cette interaction a été mise en évidence expérimentalement et une modélisation du comportement mécanique élastique anisotrope du matériau étudié a été proposée.
Fourcade, Thibaut. "Études des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux métalliques en couches minces." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0071/document.
Full textThe thin films are used in a large number of industrial fields such as Micro- and Nano- Technology (MNT) or treatment of surfaces. They can be used either as layer structures, or to provide protection functions or functionalized surfaces. There are generally two types of thin layers deposited thin films and self-supporting thin layers. The objective of the work presented in this manuscript is to develop methods for mechanical characterization of elastic-plastic behavior of free-standing thin films and deposited. First, we present a microtensile test able to work on 750 nm thick layers and associated technical means. These tools allow to characterize the elastic-plastic properties and mechanical damage freestanding thin films. In a second step, we focus on the implementation of parametric identification methods associated with implementation of instrumented indentation testing in the context of characterizing the elastic-plastic behavior of the deposited thin film materials. The layers characterized in this study are multilayer NiCo In total thickness 22 microns and thin layers of aluminum produced from several procédées with thicknesses between 1 and 1.5 microns
Bendahmane, Mohamed. "Etude du comportement mécanique du bois avec nœuds : simulation numérique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10626.
Full textRangsri, Wetchayan. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'essai d'indentation du bois." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20079.
Full textKarami, Elham. "Effet de traitements thermiques modérés et de revêtement sur les propriétés vibratoires des bois d’Epicéa et de Mûrier." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT340/document.
Full textWood is commonly used for making musical instruments. During the process it is often subjected to treatments, that either modify its volume or its surface properties. Two species used for for string instruments were studied, representative of different cultures: Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) used in Europe and White Mulberry (Morus alba L.) used in Iran. For each of them the effect of thermal treatment at moderate temperature (<150°C) and of coating on various physical and mechanical properties was studied. The main results are as follows. In contrast to Spruce, Morus has a very low degree of mechanical anisotropy. For both species, thermal treatment induces a strong decrease in damping, especially in R direction for Spruce, and equilibrium moisture content, without marked degradation as indicated by the very small weight loss. However, after reconditioning at high humidity, a significant part of the changes is recovered. The application of a solvent-based varnish on Morus induces a continuous stiffening, while a very strong increase in damping after application is followed, after about 2 months, by a return to values close to those of untreated wood. For Spruce, siccative oil based varnish was applied and several parameters of the process were tested. In this case, the kinetics of property stabilisation are very slow and significant changes were still observable after 5 months
Hakkou, Mohammed. "Procédé de traitement thermique du bois, évolution de la composition chimique et des propriétés macroscopiques : Identification d'un paramètre de contrôle de la durabilité." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10018.
Full textIt is generally accepted that thermal treatment of wood by mild pyrolysis improved its durability to fungal degradation. This improvement is generally explained by 4 hypothesis: the low affinity of heat-treated wood to water, the generation of toxic compounds, the chemical modification of the main wood polymers and the degradation of hemicelluloses. Ln order to confirm or flot the previous hypothesis, the durability of heat-treated beech wood towards Coriolus versicolor was evaluated according to different parameters like mass, wettability or chemical composition. There was insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis for the generation of fungicidal compounds or for the hydrophobie character. The most plausible hypothesis concerns its chemical modifications. Indeed, degradation of hemicelluloses associated to lignin chemical modifications could be at the origin of improved durability. Moreover the results show a good correlation between the weight loss during the treatment and the fungal durability. From this correlation we propose a quality contrai for the thermal treatment
Segovia, Abanto Franz. "Comportement mécanique du bois d'érable à sucre en conditions d'humidité relative constantes et variables." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28805/28805.pdf.
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