Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Idées politiques – Histoire – France'
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Fiorentino, Karen. "La seconde chambre en France dans l'histoire des institutions et des idées politiques (1789-1940)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D7982%26nu%3D9%26selfsize%3D1.
Full textThe second chamber in France cannot be conceived like a fortuitous institution, a concession made to the "conservatives", an assembly with a political guideline definitively formulated by a mode of poll. First of all it's a product of the French constitutional history, itself influenced by political authors and actors who endeavoured, from 1789 to 1940, to bring the intellects of their time to understand the interests of this organ within a regime wether it's monarchical or republican. The Senate of Vth République can be understood only in the light of what were the various high assemblies, but especially without an analysis of the bicameral doctrine which bring, throughout two centuries, necessary elements to the rooting of the second French chamber. However this "adoption" did not have anything obvious in a unit State, which was infatuated with equality where this institution could only be unfavourably compared with the American Senate or the British House of Lords. Nevertheless, time after time, throughout the constitutional debates, emerges the profile of a body suitable for the French nation and its specificities, that the Republic will finally ratify
Sassier, Philippe. "Le thème de la pauvreté dans l'histoire des idées politiques en France : de la Réforme à nos jours." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020107.
Full textWhat is the meaning of such words as "poor" or "poverty" when used in political theory? the apparent multiplicity of meanings may be reduced to three constants : the need for order, defined in the widest and most concrete sense (natural order, moral order, civil order) ; the need for utility material or otherwise) ; the need for gratuity. The history of the theme of poverty is an account of how these three constants have been interpreted and combined. Only by studying a long period of time, can we explain these interpretations depending on how the poor were considered, concretely, at a given period. Thus, in the 16 th and 19 th centuries, the poor is one of chaos ; in the 18 th century, he is useful and virtuous, in the 20 th century, the poor is of the oppressed or man alone. These images finally represent the most important need at a given time, what the political
Bujadoux, Jean-Félix de. "Rationalisation du parlementarisme en France (XIXe-XXIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020028.
Full textThe concept of the rationalization of parliamentarism was cleared by Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch in 1928 from his study of the Constitutions adopted in the new European countries from the Treaty of Versailles. It refers to a process of written codification of the practices and usages governing the relationship between the executive power and the assemblies in a parliamentary system, in order to adapt them to a specific purpose.In France, like other European countries during the same period, this process was pursued by the constituents in 1946 and again in 1958. However, the idea of rationalizing parliamentarism according to a given representation of the regime in our country, our parliamentary origins go back much as far back as the nineteenth century to the widespread use of this technique after the First and Second World Wars in European parliamentary democracies.In addition, the approaches of the idea of rationalization, through the different corpora forged by the political actors and the publicists, appear more dense and numerous in the French constitutional debate to the point that one can evoke rationalizations of parliamentarism in France. and distinguish, in a general classification, three categories - cameral, governmental and arbitral - of rationalization of parliamentarism. These three categories could be implemented, alternately or cumulatively, in France at the end of the third, then under the Fourth and Fifth Republic with contrasting effects on the functioning of institutions. Today, the rationalization of parliamentarism remains one of the structuring pillars of the French parliamentary system
Padova, Mariateresa. "Esquisse d'une sociologie des ideologies contemporaines : l'exemple d'arguments 1956-1962." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070049.
Full textArgumepts, a review directed by e. Morin and published in paris by editions de minuit from 1956 and 1962, is the topic of this thesis. As fejto said, arguments was 1956'message. And by that it marked a phase of the french awareness giving it an important part in the history of contemporary ideas. The study contains a first part devoted to arguments'genesis reconstructed throught relations with ragionamenti, witnessings and articles of that period; an analysis of arguments'evolution whers is possible to point out a first phase centrated on marxisme and his revision and a second one where editorial staff try to face planetary era; and of arguments'death with a balance of the experinece, of its part in the historical context and of its contribution to the development of the future history of ideas. The second part is devoted to the analysis of documents: letters exchanged amond differents members of arguments and ragionamenti and the recording of an arguments'meeting dated 10. 1. 1959
Le, Roy Hervé. "Aspects de l'idéologie politique en Bretagne à travers les chroniqueurs (XIVè-XVè siècles)." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D009.
Full textThe mediaval breton chroniciers tried to promote a specific historiography to sustain theirs dukes'claims to indemendance but several obstacles compelled them to reduce theirs claims. The legendary sources cannot assert an absolute unique originality of the bretons : these people pretend to be equal to other great european peoples after their common trojan ancestry. The armorique princes, according to chronicles, must keep a restraint attitude towards their king for feudal, sentimental and family ties prevent any absolute rupture. Alain bouchart dare not expose too openly the pernicious influence of french aristocrats on the last duke, francois ii, to avoid any claim from the king about the deserters to brittany. He, particularly, put the blame for the final disaster upon landais, a favourite to francois ii before becoming his master and a tyrant to his country because of the guilty renunciation of the king. Here appeard the modernity of the attitude of bouchard, a contemporary to commynes, in a period of realistic renewing of the notion of tyranny ou of religions field and emphasizing the rightful opposition of official bodies (aristocrats and officers) to dictatorship
Le, Roy Hervé. "Aspects de l'idéologie politique en Bretagne à travers les chroniqueurs (XIVè-XVè siècles)." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR40009.
Full textThe mediaval breton chroniciers tried to promote a specific historiography to sustain theirs dukes'claims to indemendance but several obstacles compelled them to reduce theirs claims. The legendary sources cannot assert an absolute unique originality of the bretons : these people pretend to be equal to other great european peoples after their common trojan ancestry. The armorique princes, according to chronicles, must keep a restraint attitude towards their king for feudal, sentimental and family ties prevent any absolute rupture. Alain bouchart dare not expose too openly the pernicious influence of french aristocrats on the last duke, francois ii, to avoid any claim from the king about the deserters to brittany. He, particularly, put the blame for the final disaster upon landais, a favourite to francois ii before becoming his master and a tyrant to his country because of the guilty renunciation of the king. Here appeard the modernity of the attitude of bouchard, a contemporary to commynes, in a period of realistic renewing of the notion of tyranny ou of religions field and emphasizing the rightful opposition of official bodies (aristocrats and officers) to dictatorship
Jaume, Lucien. "Le discours jacobin et la politique moderne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0005.
Full textThis study involves both a political and a historical assessment of major Jacobin speeches, from the beginning of the French revolution up to Robespierre's fall from power -9 Thermidor, an II. I have reckoned that French jacobinism provided an appropriate observatory to examine the birth, basic assumptions and ambiguous character of modern democracy; indeed, the Jacobin movement should be replaced within the close bounds of the French political context, as is clearly shown in chapter number four by a comparison with the American federalist papers. All collected data have been processed according to three main headlines: individualism, sovereignty, and representation - a method derived from an earlier book on Hobbes (Hobbes et l'Etat representa- tif moderne, Paris, P. U. F. ,1986). Obviously the Jacobins, like most revolutionaries, did not propound a clear-cut, let alone a lasting concept of representation. This derives first and foremost from the French notion of sovereignty. I have equally checked the existence of a monist pattern of sovereignty, inherited from the role of the crown in an absolute monarchy and the roman catholic background. This explains the Jacobins' handling of political representation, in its multifarious aspects at the time. Moreover that process went through several stages. At first, while in opposition, the Jacobins dissociated genuine popular sovereignty from "alienation", a surrender of people's rights into the hands of their representatives. But once their Girondin opponents had been eliminated - June 2,1793 they came to adopt a concept of representation which emphasized their legitimacy and fully assimilated their power to that of the people. This might be related to Rousseau in the first case (sovereignty vs representation) and to Hobbes in the second (sovereignty equals representation), but still, the real issue hinged on the unity of the people. Modern democracy seems to foster doubts on the positive effects of representation for popular sovereignty, including the drift towards egalitarian "despotism". In fact, this statement should be modified by a revaluation of the liberal creed of 1789 (see Lally-Tollendal), and the comparison with the American constitution as analysed by Madison, Hamilton and Jay. Montesquieu and his followers may help solve the Jacobin contradiction between the two models from Rousseau and Hobbes
Arnold, Edward J. "Les syndicats "jaunes", une contre-révolution en milieu prolétaire : 1899-1912." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21012.
Full textThis study concentrates on the history of the "yellow" trade unions of pierre bietry (by using the "yellow" press and the national and departmental archives) and the ideology of the movement. Trade unionism at the turn of the century cannot be reduced to the cgt or the emerging christian trade-unionism. The neglected aspect is indeed "yellow" trade-unionism, this proletarian, counter-revolutionary and anti-socialist current which advocated collaboration rather than conflict with the bosses. This thesis refutes the idea that the "yellows" were merely a group of marginals, "strike-breakers" or "social-traitors", financed by the bosses who were traumatised by the strength of revolutionary-syndicalism. In addition, this thesis does not accept that the "yellows" were the forebearers of "french-style fascism". On the contrary, the "yellows" were right-wing, proletarian trade-unions opposed to revolutionary syndicalists, and rejected the heritage of the revolution. They defended traditional values of catholicism and reiterated political values of the right. Even if the "yellows" seem to have disappeared as a movement after 1912, their ideas lived on, through the xxth century, and the discourse of the popular right-wing shows
Broch, Julien. "Les "Politiques" (1559-1598) : contribution à la théorie de l'Etat royal." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32088.
Full textThe "Politiques" are magistrates and jurists who're going to take the defense of the kingship during the French Wars of Religion. They're catholics of moderate ideas who recommand a policy of tolerance justified by the idea that the State is first in comparaison to the questions of faith. Threatened in its principle, the monarchy needs of their part a work of clarification of it foundations. They try to reach the restoration of the State in order to impose the peace. Around the Chancellor Michel de L'Hospita they made the choice to change the king into an arbitrator above the religious factions ; beneath that affirmation, there's a crucial idea that the sovereign cannot be at the head of the party. Certain jurists and scholars as Pasquier, Le Roy or Du Haillan follow the teachings of Seyssel and detect in the past of France the trace of a mixed regime. After the St. Bartholomew's day massacre (24th August 1572), the radicalization of the monarchomachs and catholics political ideas encourages the Politics adhere to the idea of the strong State. Bodin will be the theorist of this party who advocates the absolute independence of the king. This change proves that moderation allows them to adopt the most compatible attitude with their cause. To defend the rights of prince Henri of Navarre to the crown, they associate the Salic law with the divine law and the natural law. As consequence, the prince detains a power of divine right which makes of him a deus in terris. This consolidates the idea that the power to make the law is surely the monopoly of the sovereign. The « Politiques » also participate in the development of the « national » feeling which has for consequence that the State is a unity embodied in the king. Finally, the conjunction of the gallicanism and the religious « irénisme » seems, in many consideration, to be convenient on the return to the Protestants inside the Church of Rome
Hoffmann, Michael. "Ordre, famille, patrie : perception et influence de la Première Guerre Mondiale sur la Droite modérée en France pendant les années 20 : Naissance d'un parti, culture politique, milieu social." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040040.
Full textThe object of this research has been the parliamentary Right in France after the First World War. It has been established first as a parliamentary group, l'Entente Républicaine Démocratique, and - after 1924 - as a political party, the Fédération Républicaine de France. Two political mouvements have been mingled in this party after the war, and that is the republican progressists and the catholic ralliés. The aim of the thesis was to analyse, why these two mouvements have mixed and what role the First World War played in this process. To answer this question the dissertation refers to the theories of cultural history, and consequently it is based on the theoretic model of "political culture". The research was concentrated on the interpretation of texts, speeches and also political symbols which made it possible to explain the fundamental values and the sensibilities of the parliamentary Right. It became obvious that the First World War put an end to the so-called "War of the Two-France" between catholics and laicists and that it has been seen, especially by the members of the FR, as a proof of internal reconciliation and of the grandeur of France. Moreover, there were also political aims, which the two movements had in common after the war: the parliamentary and constitutional reform, family policy, regionalism, protectionism etc. Finally, to come to a better understanding of the relations between the political party and the social milieu, one third of the thesis was dedicated to the examination of a regional case, i. E. The birth of a party of the parliamentary Right in the French Departement Doubs
Fouquet, Julien. "Histoire et représentations de la franc-maconnerie libérale dans la sphére des idées et des pratiques sociales, religieuses et politiques : l'exemple du grand orient de France de 1945 à 1984." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20006.
Full textDespite a former representative deficit and a decline over recent ideological, why and how the Grand Orient of France, world standard of liberalism Masonic, influenced politically and culturally on the French society of Liberation in the early 1980s? From the Masonic and public sources, it is first read a story obediential contemporary rebuilt, bequeathed by the historian historiography contradictory and tenacious survival of representations, then compare the principles and praxis Masonic liberal the entire social field, and finally to emphasize the degree of interpenetration of Masonic ideas with the secular world. The opening to the Masonic fact on auxiliary sciences and choise a chronological range socio-political structuring (1945-1962 and 1962-1984), can thus include the influence of obedience in the successes and failures a renewed civil society and concerned about major issues and societal metapolicies. By raising the adaptation, circulation and externalizing Masonic ideas, then it is possible to understand how the fact Masonic Liberal entering deep breaths in French society, is an actor, as far as revealing of evolution of morals and religious practices, and social policies between 1945 and 1984
Labbé, Éric. "Polémique sur le droit de grâce, 1789-1791 : fondements éthiques et politiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25116/25116.pdf.
Full textSchulz, Daniel. "Verfassung und nation : formen politischer institutionalisierung in Deutschland und Frankreich von der Französischen revolution bis zur europäischen integration." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHEA002.
Full textMellet, Paul-Alexis. "Passé et présent chez les monarchomaques protestants de langue française, vers 1560-vers 1600." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2015.
Full textThe first question the author examines is : what is a monarchomach treatise ? He distinguishes five categories, and establishes a corpus of ten monarchomach books. These treatises are different from the pamphlets composed after the Saint-Bartholomew's day trauma. Their diffusion in Europe in the late sixteenth century means that they escaped censure. Their constitutionalism is based upon a limited king and a extended Parliament. Past and present are destined to fulfill an institutional function
Lim, Seung-Hwi. "La pensée politique des Bons Catholiques dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle (1598-1642)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040059.
Full textDuring the catholic reformation and political crises of the seventeenth century, France witnessed the birth of a new group of faithful, the devots, or devout. Participating energetically in the catholic renewal, the devots, who were frequently from robe noble families, were in search of salvation under the auspices of new spiritualties, such as mysticism. The catholic league had already furnished the first occasion for them to form politically, and afterwards, one can observe a transfer from political to religious zeal in the Catholics which reinforced the spiritual movement in the early seventeenth century. However, their identity was not merely religious and social; it was also political. Frequently former catholic leaguers, the bons catholiques (“ good catholics”) grafted Christian political aspirations founded on religious morals onto their faith. Now, one is forced to accept that this religious movement is contemporary with the emergence of absolutism and the modern state, as well as with the idea of “reason of state”. Confronted with these new political realities, the bons catholiques engaged in a fight to defend a political ideal closely linked to their religion. Faced with the monarchical state which projected its own sacrality, they demanded a concept of the state forged on a vision of a connection between heaven and earth, in the subjection of man to god. Thus, the pamphleteer Mathieu de Morgues and the royal confessor Nicolas Caussin each expressed in his own style this conception of the political entity in its relation of dependence to god, and with all of its attributes, such as justice or truth, and protesting with a common voice against an absolutism which was out of proportion. Michel de Marillac, keeper of the seals and leader of the parti devot (devout party), differed fundamentally on this issue because of his doctrinal absolutism, marking the discontinuity between ideal and reality, between leader and party. Polymorphic, the political thought of the bons catholiques witnessed, however, a world conception and a moral attitude that underlay the religious criticism of the overflowing selflove and the auto-finalism of the sacrilized state, torn from natural and divine laws
Peloille, Bernard. "Les représentations sociales de la nation en France (étude de la forme politique de la nation)." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070042.
Full textContemporary nation is observed in its political forms. The study is focused on france where these forms are the most developed. These ones are seen within their own shapes in idea, on a double axis : sistematized representations, "ordinary" representations. These representations are refracting prims of conditions and contradictions concerning nation's social reality. Nation is not an independant reality unrelated on society, thus nation constitute it framework. The political side of nation get organized around institution, legitimity, sovereignty, questions exposing so cial existence and social relations : class struggle, economic ans social conditions. These social elements explain pola ric differenciation of representations : organic nation, gregarious community, and social nation, politically focussed. Around these types arise the question of social forces in their relation to nation, and nation status itself, according cial movment. To the organic nation correspond social regression, desintegrating of nation ; social an political nation surrounds progressive movment, which only may legitimate its own achievement. Social and political framework of definite societies, nation also depends on them. But far from being inert, nation constitute a mediation in society fulfil ment. The unity of french national formation, and its framwork, appears in the unity of social representations. On one hand, ther is an essential unity of different notion's epitomes, on the other hand, exists an unity between types of rep tations m sistematized or ordinary ones. Regarding french case, withim essential unity of notions, against organic alien tion, prevails social and political nation, frame for social and political human beings' maturing, frame for their citizenship's achievement
Kessler, Nicolas. "Histoire politique de la jeune droite (1929-1942)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040229.
Full textBetween Maurrassism, intransigent catholicism, and the "spirit of the 1930's", the "young right" endeavoured, from 1929 to 1942, to renovate french conservative politics. Formed by a dozen reviews - reaction, les cahiers, la revue française, la revue du siècle, la revue du xxème siècle, combat, L'insurgé, Civilisation et idées - this non-organized movement was drived by a group of young and talented intellectuals, such as Thierry Maulnier, Jean de Fabregues, Maurice Blanchot, Claude Roy, Robert Brasillach, Jean-Pierre Maxence, Jacques Laurent, Jean-Francois Gravier, René Vincent and Kleber Haedens. It succeeded in mixing the ideas of Maurras, Massis and Maritain, and elaborating an original political doctrine. Antiliberal, revolutionarist, with strong socialist tendencies, this doctrine had an unquestionable influence on the debates which took place in France between the two world wars. This study tries to make clear the complexity of the historical and ideological origins of a movement that expressed the distress and confusion of the "angry young men" of the 1930's
Vachet, Claire. "Le droit saisi par l'anarchisme. Étude du discours des militants libertaires (1870-1926)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0241.
Full textBetween 1870 and 1926, anarchists criticism of the state includes criticism of law, and the themes they tackled in this area are vast. From the rejection of the social contract, to the rejection of the law, to the history of law and state, state law is, for them an enemy. Anarchists then think anarchy is in contradiction with it. The normative architecture of the anarchist society gives a large place to the free association of individuals and to the consent of each individual to the norm. However, it also relies on naturalist foundations : the reference to the natural sciences, combined with social sciences, leads militants to justify anarchy in support of the scientific truths accepted in their time. The reference to nature, natural law and morality made the anarchist society a normative order that could bring it closer to state law, which it opposed. The study of the discourse on law of anarchists during 1870 to 1926, through the study of the literature and the propaganda press, highlights this ambivalence. Although jurists often sum up anarchism as “propagande par le fait”, and reduce it to anomie, the recent historiography of legal thought tends to assert the opposite. This thesis demonstrates the complexity of the presence, both implicit and explicit, of law in anarchist thought
Hauchecorne, Mathieu. "La fabrication transnationale des idées politiques : Sociologie de la réception de John Rawls et des "théories de la justice" en France (1971-2011)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20013.
Full textSpanning the sociology of elites, intellectual history, and reception studies, this research explores how theories and political ideas are circulated across countries and disciplines, as well as between the academic and political worlds. Starting in 1971, it studies the French intellectual and political reception of John Rawls’s theory of social justice, and more broadly of the debates it sparked in the English-speaking world. Contributing to a historical sociology of political ideas, this dissertation combines ethnography in think-tanks and academic conferences, as well as in online discussions, with a statistical survey, and the study of archives of publishers, academics and administrations. Through the exploration of references to Rawls, Sen or Walzer in academia, the press, political platforms or curricula, we show how this reception is an analyzer of broader changes, such as the growing dominance of English in transnational cultural exchanges, the declining recourse to Marxist and Keynesian paradigms in the French Left, and the questioning of centrality of structuralism in social sciences and the humanities in France. It shows that the very diverse ways in which “theories of justice” have been appropriated and circulated in France depend on the social location of their mediators, and on how their networks are structured. Whereas the sociology of reception has often overlooked the internal analysis of appropriations, this research shows how analyzing them sociologically helps explain why these mediators felt elective affinities with Rawls’s thought, despite national, disciplinary and sectoral boundaries
De, Thy Ludovic. "L’écriture des lois constitutionnelles de 1875 : La fondation de l’ordre constitutionnel de la IIIe République." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCF004/document.
Full textSavarese, Éric. "Constitution de l'imaginaire colonial comme processus de légitimation de la colonisation." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32012.
Full textThis thesis tries to answer of the following question = " how does the imaginary throught which the colonisation is known allow the colonizer to consider it legitimate?" a theoric pattern allows to define the colonial imaginary legitimation of the colonisation as the process throught which the colonial imaginary recomposes and symbolize the founder thematic of the colonial order this theoric pattern is drawn up by a critical re. Appraisal about the legitimation process. This process produces a moralized representation of the colonization that makes ik known as a civilizing work and unrecognized a s a relation of domination
Idier, Antoine. "Les vies de Guy Hocquenghem : Sociologie d'une trajectoire à l'intersection des champs politiques, culturels et intellectuels français des années 1960 aux années 1980." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0038/document.
Full textDauphin, Thibaut. "Le comparatisme politique dans l'oeuvre de Voltaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0290.
Full textNeither political science nor the history of comparatism has ever really grasped Voltaire's political work. However, an examination of the texts, attentive to the context of the century in which they were produced, can bring a new perspective on its political and comparative dimension. The theories of the author of the Essai sur les moeurs et l'esprit des nations, found in numerous works, often in pamphlets that have ceased to be familiar to us, compete and discuss with those of De l’esprit des lois and Du Contrat social, but are today neglected. The spirit of the Voltairian work is driven by a Philosophy of action, which conveys a rigorous examination, of the main political facts of history, albeit obscured by the haunting theme of religion. This historical comparatism, almost unprecedented by its ambition and dimensions, leads to the construction of a Philosophy of history - the first of its kind - which constitutes the Voltairian reading grid of politics. Through comparison, the body of the work then outlines a "good government" enlightened by Reason and natural religion on the one hand, regulated by natural rights and the supremacy of the law on the other. Inspired by European and Asian countries, blending the three classical forms of regime, this mixed model materialises Voltaire's political system
Triomphe, Pierre. "Les mises en scène du passé au Palais-Bourbon (1815-1848) : Aux origines d'une mémoire nationale." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30066.
Full textThroughout the age of history, the political debate in France made an extensive use of the past. Hence the interest of methodically studying the historical references found in the speeches of the House of Commons over a period beginning with the Restoration and the debates on the "Adresse", and closing with the end of the July Monarchy. Three distinct lines of approach or analysis can then be defined. One, where laying stress on the past is a way of making sense of the present at critical political junctures ; two, where judging from the personalities and events they mention, the various speakers share far more of a common imagination than generally acknowledged ; three, where the complexity of their relationship to the past, or areas of the past, poses a problem, as also the confrontation of any given theory of history to the hazards of the day to day debates. In all three cases, the break brought about by the "Trois Glorieuses" looms very large. With the July monarchy taking over from the Restoration, there occurs a dramatic change in the MP's references to the past : after 1830, the focus is both chronologically on more recent times (1789 is a limit rarely exceeded) and shared, in essentials at least, by all political families. Thus, the first draft of a national memory takes shape under the July monarchy, heralding the fuller Republican statement to follow, and pointing to an ever more progressist view of history
Gojosso, Éric. "Le concept de république en France : (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32046.
Full textDURING THREE CENTURIES, BETWEEN THE XVITH AND THE XVIIITH CENTURY, THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF REPUBLIC WAS DRAMATIC. FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE XVITH AND XVIITH CENTURIES, THE REPUBLIC IS NOT QUITE AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE MONARCHY. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE REPUBLIC REPRESENTS EITHER THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE SUBJECTS, INDISSOLUBLY UNITED TO THE KING BY MYSTIC LINKS OR A BLURRED POLITICAL FORM BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF PLURALITY OF GOVERNING PEOPLE ACCORDING TO AN INADAPTED AND SHOKING FORMULA IN A COUNTRY LIKE FRANCE. MONARCHOMACHS FAILED TO GRANT THE COMMUNITY WITH SUPREME PREROGATIVES AND WERE NOT ABLE TO CHANGE THE FORMER POINT OF VIEW. ALL IN ALL, THE THEORIZATION OF MODERN STATE HAS strengthENED THE REGIME. NEVERTHELESS FOR LEADING TO A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE POWERS OF THE PRINCE AND THE SOVEREIGNITY OF THE STATE, THIS THEORIZATION MADE POSSIBLE MANY FORMS OF GOVERNMENT JUST AT THE VERGE OF THE SPECIALIZATION OF THE WORD REPUBLIC. FOR A LONG TIME A PEACEFUL ABSOLUTISM DELAYED SUCH A THEAD BY DOWNGRADING AN OPPOSITION ACCUSED OF REPRESENTING A REPUBLICANISM. THE UNITY OF THE MONARCHY FACES UP THE PLURALITY OF THE REPUBLIC. SUCH A PLURALITY IS USUALLY REJECTED ALTHOUGH NEW STATE STRUCTURES MADE IT FULLY POSSIBLE. IN THE XVIITH AND ABOVE ALL IN THE XVIIITH CENTURY SURGED THE TEMPTATION OF PUTTING AHEAD AN IDEALIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE OLD REGIME. BUT SIMULTANEOUSLY THE DIFFICULTY OF MATCHING THE REPUBLIC AND GREAT-SIZED STATES IMPEDED THE MOST PROGRESSIVES FROM CALLING FOR A RADICAL CHANGE UNTIL THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION WIPED OUT THIS DIFFICULTY. THE SUCCES OF THE WORKS OF ROUSSEAU AN THE TRIUMPH OF THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNITY LEAD TO WISH THE SETTING UP OF THE REPUBLIC IN FRANCE. ALL IN ALL AS A RESULT OF A THEORICAL INVESTMENT -ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN THE LAST DECADE OF THE MONARCHY- THE REPUBLIC BECOMES A FACTUAL REALITY
Perron, François. "Le débat Armée-nation en France au début du XXè siècle : la pensée militaire de Jean Jaurès." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10073.
Full textSteinhauer, Alfred. "Le "parti" physiocratique et la formation de l'opinion publique dans la France pré-révolutionnaire (1756-1776)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01A003.
Full textThis thesis is based on a hypothesis concerning the structural elements of the "ideological" crisis of the ancien regime in france (1750-1790). The physiocratic group, made up of theorists whose main concern was renovating and strengthening the judicial and economic order of the monarchy 30 years before the revolution, is examined as a possible source of influence. The analysis lies on two interconnected levels : 1) a detailed presentation of the topics and the evolution of the physiocratical discourse, 2) a look at the historical context of the two decades between its rise and fall. On the first level, we explore the scope of influences that link the intellectual commitment of the physiocrats to the enlightenment, in philosophical terms. The contextual analysis, on the other hand, defines the link between the theoretical stances of the physiocrats and the historical situations, clarifying the structural dimension of physiocratic ideology. From the latter we deduce the existence of an ideological "party", a social group influenced by their liberal and authoritarian discourse. The analysis focuses on the, often polemical, relations between the physiocrats and the philosophers before, during and after the grain war, a major popular upheaval. We thus present the evolution of a political program, its failures in 1770 and 1776 and evidence of this effort in pre-revolutionary literature
Haynau, Dominique. "Analyse politique de la pensée jacobine : au travers des discours et écrits de MM. Maximilien Robespierre et Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA02Z103.
Full textThis work is a thorough survey of the constitutive elements of the french jacobin political thought. We introduce the matter by placing the jacobin thought within the general history of political ideas and thus outlining a possible genealogy. Then, in part one, we underline the signs that single out the jacobin movement in its public action since 1789 in comparison with the other revolutionnary trends : behaviour towards the successive political regimes, specific analysis of the concept of "nation" and of international relations. We present in part two the jacobin ambition of transforming man and society. The jacobin regeneration was based on the assumption of the perfection of the "state of nature" and of the perversion of the political contract. It had to be implemented by two means : on the one hand, by rebuilding social values such as equality, property, as well as religion ; on the other hand, by reforming the private and public morals of citizens, enabling the instauration of the jacobin virtue. Part three deals with the constitutionnal attempts to create the jacobin republic : we analyse how the main concept of the jacobin political theory, the general will, may have influenced the constitution of 1793 and the establishment and ideology of the revolutionnary government and of terror. We conclude our thesis with the jacobin heritage from the days of the french revolution to the present times, in france and in the rest of the world
Fajon, Yan-Erick. "Les représentations du juge criminel dans la pensée politique française (1748-1791)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0021/document.
Full textThis thesis on the end of the Ancien Régime extends from 1748 to 1791. This research work is an exploration of the judicial figure and its scholarly and popular representations on the given period. Thus the philosophers of the eighteenth century contributes largely through their political theories to a theoretical renewal of judicial representations. This renewal is also accompanied by literary fecundity in the utopian genre. This is proof that the criminal question is a political question on the eve of the French Revolution.This work of judicial renewal continues with the National Constituent Assembly between 1789 and 1791. It continues in a practical angle. It is probably here that lies the break between the constituent deputies and the Enlightenment philosophers. The former will put in place a judicial system where only logic exists. This system is motivated by a hatred of the 18th century criminal court. The second, the philosophers, criticized the judge for the sake of the need for freedom. They are in this respect the extension of humanism and the precursors of liberalism
Hong, Ki-Won. "La pensée politique de François Hotman articulée sur une perspective nationale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32002.
Full textIn studying François Hotman’s political thought, this dissertation focuses on the new intellectual and political movement which was shaping the sixteenth-century France : national sovereignty in the law and in the politics. The need for a national code led the jurist to reject the Justinian Corpus iuris civilis, though he never meant to discard the study of ratio and aequitas, the core of the classical Roman law. National political sovereignty doesn’t permit any interference from the See of Rome. The French royal court occupied by the Lorrains and the Italo-Gaulish worried Hotman over the constitutional tradition of French monarchy, as the controversy with Jean-Papire Masson reveals Hotman’s concerns very clearly
Roger, Jean. "Le conseil du prince, par-delà Machiavel, des temps médiévaux à la Renaissance : Gouverner sans être soi-même gouverné." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1G011.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the discourses and practices relating to what is traditionally referred to as "Advice to prince". Such a topic is particularly vast and can be sectioned into three main themes: the study of the literature dealing with the art of governing; the analysis of the evolution of a prince’s entourage; the institutionalization of governmental and advisory mechanisms in parallel with the construction of a State. The aim of this thesis is to show that the transformations relating to the way of considering the advice to the prince in the 16th and 17th centuries are less part of a paradigmatic break than the extension of a process initiated since medieval times. It will therefore be a question of taking a step back from the traditional focus on Machiavelli’s thought in order to highlight the intellectual, social and political dynamics in the Middle Ages leading to the emergence of what we call “la conception directive du conseil”. This expression designates the idea that the exercise of government must be ordered in such a way that the prince’s will is not curbed by his advisers. The study of the practice of power shows that the royal state’s rise in the 13th century constitutes the starting point of this new approach. Machiavelli gave it a philosophical foundation in one of his chapters of The Prince, but other contemporary sources play an essential role in this history. Courtesan literature on one hand and utopian literature on the other have contributed in an ambivalent way to promoting this approach
Montety, Henri de. "La Nouvelle revue de Hongrie et ses amis français (1932-1944) : la cause hongroise : une machine à voyager dans le temps pour les catholiques et les jeunes non-conformistes." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_montety_h.pdf.
Full textHungary in the Thirties was used as a canvas by certain contemporary thinkers upon which to project their ideas, much in the same way as it is now being used by this historian to observe these ideas. Many Frenchmen, in particular young non-conformists, Catholics and clergymen, as well as certain monarchists, indulged themselves in a perception of Hungary as an anachronistic world in which they could catch sight of shadows reflective of their own yearnings and contradictions; the Hungarian cause appeared somehow as a concrete manifestation of their own individual situation as it confronted the newly shaped modern world. Most of them were won to the Hungarian cause via the Nouvelle revue de Hongrie (1932-44), a monthly review published in French in Budapest under the co-direction of Georges Ottlik and Joseph Balogh. However, the nature of Hungarian national goals and the constraints which weighed upon the review were such that, as a matter of fact, the Hungarians could hardly ever reach a common ground of understanding with their French counterparts. Despite these divergences, it appears to me that the French-Hungarian friendship in the Thirties can be taken as a whole and divided into three phases, related to the prospects of territorial revision as well as to the future of Europe in general: Hope (1932-36); Faith (1935-39); and Charity (1939-44). For me, studying the Thirties in Hungary is a way to observe a particular aspect of modernity’s challenges as well as the various difficulties encountered by men who had to face it from different angles, despite their best efforts to form a consistent front behind the Hungarian flag
Ahogyan a 30-as évek Magyarországa ürügyként szolgált egynémely kortárs számára, úgy ma is ugyanez mondható el róla a történész szempontjából. Fiatal, non-konformista, gyakran katolikus, bizonyos esetekben pedig monarchista francia megfigyelők elé az akkori Magyarország anakronisztikus világként tárult, mely alkalmas volt arra, hogy az ország helyzete iránt érdeklődést mutatók benne saját elképzeléseik és ellentmondásaik körvonalait fedezzék föl; úgy is mondhatnánk, hogy az új világ hajnalán önnön helyzetük kifejeződésére leltek a magyar ügy kapcsán. E magyarbarátok többsége a francia nyelvű, Ottlik György és Balogh József által Budapesten szerkesztett Nouvelle revue de Hongrie (1932-1944) folyóirattal közreműködve vált a magyar ügy elkötelezettjévé. Mindazonáltal a szerkesztők – a magyar célok természete, valamint a folyóiratra nehezedő kényszer miatt – csak igen ritka pillanatokra alkothattak valódi szellemi közösséget francia barátaikkal. A különbségek ellenére arra a megállapításra jutottam, hogy a 30-as évek magyar-francia barátsága egy általános, ugyanakkor háromfázisú fejlődést követett, mely egyrészt a magyar területi revízió alakulásával, másrészt az általános európai viszonnyal volt szoros összefüggésben ; a három fázis pedig a következő : a Remény (1932-1936), a Hit (1935-1939), a Szeretet (1939-1944). Személy szerint úgy tekintek a 30-as évek Magyarországára, mint arra a nemzetre, mely különleges körülményei közepette alkalmat nyújt a modernitás jelentette kihívás tanulmányozására, illetve azon nehézségek értékelésére, melyekkel szemben emberek szétforgácsolva találták magukat ; mindezt azon törekvésük ellenére, hogy a felmerülő problémákra egységet alkotva, magyar zászlót bontva kerestek volna megoldást
Racine, St-Jacques Jules. "DE L'OBÉISSANCE CALVINIENNE À LA RÉSISTANCE MONARCHOMAQUE Apologie de la violence politique dans les textes justificatifs des insurgés calvinistes de 1559 à 1581." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26746/26746.pdf.
Full textDickes-Lafargue, Godeleine. "Le dilemme de Jacques Maritain : l'évolution d'une pensée en philosophie politique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040126.
Full textThe philosophical path of Jacques Maritain is complex and ambiguous. A first approach can give an impression of continuity in his thinking. But nevertheless Maritain has not been faithfull to his first political writings. In those times of friendships with l'Action Française, he tooks the option of the counter-revolution. Starting from a pessimist conception of humanity, he founds his politic upon christianicism. He puts all his hopes on a tempered monarchy illustrated by the reign of Saint Louis. This one, giving the primacy to the spiritual. However in december 1927, Rome condemns the Action Française. Two years later is published Religion et culture, which makes known a new identity of the political thought of Maritain. Then, he develops an original conception of the man and the society, half-way between his intransigence of his ideas of 1920 and the modern democracy
LE, YAOUANC JENNAWI NADIA. "La theorie de l'etat dans le mouvement ouvrier francais avant 1914. Pouvoir politique, suffrage universel, classes et transformation socialiste : les positions des leaders du socialisme politique ( jaures, guesde, vaillant, ...); comparaison avec leurs adversaires antietati." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010276.
Full textThe work concerns the position of the french socialist movement as regards state, before 1914 ; the approach is resolutely doctrinal, striving to display the logical structure and conceptual connections. One tries as much as possible to survey all the tendencies referring to social revolution. However, a primary distinction is to be made between anti-state socialists(anarchists, revolutionary syndicalists, allemanists) and "political" socialists (guesde, vaillant, brousse, jaures), who appeal to state to perform the social transformation. The latter constitute the main concern of our work. In a first step, one studies the respective role of state, of republic and universal suffrage, in the strategies of "revolutionaries" (guesde, vaillant) and "gradualists" (jaures after 1900). One shows that state has a central place in both, although in a quite different way. In a second step, one displays common theoretical postulates, on which the positions of revolutionaries and gradualists are both relying - and which regard the state structure and the analysis of universal suffrage. These postulates are for a large part borrowed from juridico-constitutional conceptions. One thus brings to light, at the root of political socialism, and present from the beginning, an "instrumental" conception of state, distinct at the same time from marxism and from the traditional idea of the neutrality of the state. According to this conception. The state may pass from the control of the economically dominant class to the one of the ruled classes, and therefore serves conservative or progressive goals as well
Gasparini, Éric. "La pensée politique d'Hippolyte Taine : entre traditionalisme et libéralisme." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX32019.
Full textTaine ( 1828-1893 ), historian and politist of the xixth century, associates history and politic, tradition and nation, and follows up the french traditionalist thought. Disciple of spinoza and hegei, he laicizes traditionalism with rejecting the reference in god for the science's primacy. Comtism, positivism of s. Mill and buckle, scientism, naturalism and darwinism conduct him to adopt a determinist method which sets on " race, mean and moment ". With this method, taine wants determine a political science. Taine7s political thought is dualist, between traditionalism and liberalism. He asks the question of the citizen's place in front of power. He is liberal and he advocates constitutional monarchy and parliamentary regim. He wants limited state and defends rights and liberties for citizens taine's political thought inspire french nationalists as m. Barres and also republicans or socialists as e. Herriot and l. Blum
Jean-Baptiste, Fabienne. "Feuilletons et Histoire. Idées et opinions des élites de Bourbon et de Maurice dans la presse de 1817 à 1848." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634385.
Full textTruchot, Hélène. "Le droit constitutionnel de René Capitant." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF011.
Full textRené Capitant (1901-1970) was professor of public law, involved in the Resistance movement during the Second World War, deputy, and Gaullist minister. He bequeaths a constitutional work that has never been subjected to exhaustive legal analysis. Often critical and sometimes precursor, his doctrinal and political writings are of interest as much in the theoretical developments questioning the origin of positive law through its reception by individual consciences as in the practical aspects of the evolution of French regimes. Through a dynamic approach to constitutional law in which constitutional history, institutional practices and philosophical and political doctrines intermingle, René Capitant's constitutional law invites us to go beyond the texts to question the constitutional legitimacy of French democracy
Faugeras, Denis. "Recherches sur l evolution politique de la correze sous la troisieme republique 1871-1946." Limoges, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIMO0401.
Full textOne of the most prolific departments in the history of the french third republic was correze in the limousin. Between 1871 and 1946, throuhout 75 years of great evolution, this little area, undoubtedly even more under privileged than many others, gave a lot of ministers to the conservative, radical
Pasquiet-Briand, Tanguy. "La réception de la Constitution anglaise en France au XIXème siècle. Une étude du droit politique français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020028.
Full textThe reformist model of the English Constitution was intellectually predominant in nineteenth century France. As a synthesis of French yearnings for political stability, this representation historicises the liberal achievement of representative government and endorses the legitimacy of innovation through custom. It results from contradictory visualisations of the English Constitution. On the one hand, romantic liberals identify in its institutions the necessary elements to protect individuals from abuses of power and to allow the development of democracy. On the other hand, traditionalists perceive in England’s historical continuity the structuring benefits of social hierarchy and aristocratic freedom. More particularly, French Doctrinaires see through the morphology of the English civilization a society that secures freedom within order. French thinkers recognise in parliamentarism, as a product of England’s institutional evolution, the political regime capable of putting an end to French revolutionary tensions. As a mould that both liberates the energies of individuals and protects the political and social order, it renders the Head of State irresponsible and thus strips him of personal powers. Furthermore, it establishes the reign of public opinion through the superiority of the elected chamber and the recognition of government responsibility. Finally, it disciplines political action through the historical practices inherited from representative monarchy. Based on a political project, parliamentary government in France gives substance to a prudential philosophy of constitutional law. This philosophy views the constitution as an institutional framework within which political action must be able to adapt society to its historical phase of development. The laconism of the constitutional laws of the Third Republic reflects this constitutional reformism. Rather than a circumstantial political compromise, it crystallizes a liberal and conservative constitutional policy. The present study aims to show that it is the result of how the English Constitution has been modeled in France during the nineteenth century
Aebischer, Sylvie. "« Mettre l’élève et le management au centre du système » : sociologie d’un moment réformateur : le ministère Jospin (1988-1989)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20094/document.
Full textThis thesis looks back on the elaboration of the guidance law on education of 1989 and considers the conditions for circulation of educational ideas in the Ministry of Education. It explores the links between innovative teaching techniques and the managerial reform of the state and offers a dual perspective on the genesis of this law. It investigates at first the timing of the reform by a detailed study of actors, activities and discursive productions of Jospin’s advisers. It then offers a historical contextualization through an history of educational policies and teaching positions defended by both the Socialist Party and the Fédération de l'Education Nationale. The circulation of ideas issue is processed through professional, political and labor cultures, and through the concrete mechanisms the actors appropriate and restitute ideas
Bonnet, Jean. "Kant instituteur de la République (1795-1904). Genèse et formes du kantisme français dans la construction de la synthèse républicaine." Phd thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275209.
Full textThe conquests of Kantism have been received in very different ways according to country, historical circumstances, social situation, and political regime. Despite its apparently purely speculative aim, critical philosophy displayed right throughout the 19th century in France a constant intellectual and political presence. This is the initial assessment of my work. It thus seemed necessary to me, to begin with, to note as precisely as possible the topography of observable Kantisms in the ideological landscape of France between 1795 and 1904. The history of the reception of Kantism reveals an unexpected wealth of extraordinarily varied interpretations. I propose a chronology divided in three periods, each one of which seemed to possess significant distinctive characteristics (1795-1835 ; 1835-1867 ; 1867-1904)
Pouffary, Marion. "Robespierre, le poids des mots, le choc de l’échafaud. L’image de Robespierre dans le discours politique de la Restauration à la fin du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL138.
Full textStudying the image of Robespierre in the political discourse from the Restauration to the end of the 19th century highlights the construction process of the golden legend of Robespierre, which has never been precisely analysed, although it influenced profoundly historiography. Built from 1830 onwards by militants belonging to the radical fringe of the republican movement, it presents Robespierre as the defender of political and social equality, the theoretician of the right to insurrection and the apostle of a brotherly religion, basis of a new social contract. This study also shows that Robespierre’s dark legend is split by ideological divides which remained until now unclear. A dark legend which can be called “conservative/counter-revolutionary” appeared during the Revolution. It describes Robespierre at the same time as a tyrant and as a godless leveller anarchist. The liberal dark legend appeared under the Restoration presents Robespierre only as a clerical tyrant. The communist and anarchist dark legends, which emerged respectively at the beginning of the 1840’s and under the Second Republic, point out not only Robespierre’s clericalism but also his lack of social concerns. Unlike the communist dark legend, the anarchist dark legend reuses the image of the tyrant and denounces Robespierre’s implication in the Terror. Finally, a republican-liberal dark legend emerges in the middle of the 19th century. It is a continuation of the liberal dark legend which is also influenced by the communist and anarchist dark legends. It presents Robespierre as a political and clerical tyrant and stresses on his lack of interest in economic issues
François, Stéphane. "Les paganismes de la Nouvelle Droite (1980-2004)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442649.
Full textBrancourt, Isabelle. "LE PARLEMENT DE PARIS AU RISQUE DES ARCHIVES Le Parquet, le greffe, la cour." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01006136.
Full textAndioc, Torres Sophie. "Les idées politiques et littéraires de Domingo Del Monte." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080713.
Full textDomingo del monte was a central figure of the cuban society of the xix th century. He spent his life taking part in the marking events of the histoire of the colony from 1803 to 1853. He was the subject for every cultural polemics and for every political stir stemming from the conflicts between the romanticists and the neo-classicists, between the partisans of prioslavery and the abolitionists and between the reformists and the annexionists. His stances not only emerged from his actions in the society of his time. He also left us a written account in wich he proposes a wide and very complete programme meant to assure definitively the prosperity of cuba. In litterature, he recommended a raising of moral standards in plotsand language, as well as the creation of a peculiar litterature schowing the cultural originality of the island. He conceived a plan of reform for education in order to spread primary instruction to the whole population. In politic he claimed a larger autonomy compatible with the loyalty of the colony with spain. So he marked the history of ideas by his patriotism and his conception of the citizen utility
Foisy-Geoffroy, Dominique. "Les idées politiques des intellectuels traditionalistes canadiens-français 1940-1960." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25480/25480.pdf.
Full textDauteribes, André. "Les idées politiques d'Édouard Laboulaye : 1811-1883." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10023.
Full textContribution to the study of edouard laboulaye's life (1811-1883) and work (his real name was edouard-rene lefebvre de laboulaye): publicist, member of the french institute, professor at the college de france, and member of the parliament. This attempt of synthesis hopes to present the different stages of the elaboration of his political work and his intellectual origins and to analyse the major problem set by laboulaye: that is how to introduce into the institutions and into political practices the freedom proclaimed and wished for in 1789 and create at last a stable system of government. After this basic idea, i examine edouard laboulaye's propositions inspired by the american exemple in the matter of principles and organisation of the public, constitutional and administrative rights. To conclude i think laboulaye tried to solve the double problem of the establisment and the dura bility of a republican democraty where political freedom must be fundamental
Desbrousses, Hélène. "Représentations savantes et représentations communes des formes de l'Etat." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0007.
Full textOur aim is to express, through the study of the representations, both learned and common, of the forms of the State, a general principle of classification of the different States, related to the concept of sovereignty. Two main sources are used for this purpose : a corpus extending from the end of the seventeenth century to the contemporary period, and a series of interviews from "ordinary" people, collected in France during the last ten years. The analysis of "learned" representations, in a framework of specific criteria, enabled us to characterize for each work studied, notional articulations, and to situate the ultimate locus of sovereign authority. The collected data of the detailed studies shows two great configurations concerned with different specifications : the modern political configuration and the fundamentalist configuration. The analysis of "common" representations, focussed on the expression of the specific structures of the different notions taken into consideration, led us to discern nodal images corresponding to the different empirical forms of State. Two sovereign principles and two great concepts of State (the State as a form of political association and the State as power of domination) are distinguished by the examination of all these nodal images. The comparizon of the two series of representations shows the existence of a discrepancy between the contemporary learned views and common lay views. A possible mean of unifying these different representations could be found in the very concept of sovereignty, related either to a human or an extra-human origin, to a political or a meta-political principle
Brookes, Kevin. "« Ce n’est pas arrivé ici » : sociologie politique de la réception du néo-libéralisme dans le système politique français depuis les années 1970." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH034.
Full textThis thesis examines, and then explains, the relative lack of success in the dissemination and acceptance of neo-liberal ideas in French politics during the period from 1974 to 2012. Using a wide range of data on public policy, public opinion and political party platforms, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations. It then accounts for this anomaly and contributes more generally to the understanding of how ideologies diffuse in a political system. The answer is derived from the combination of two perspectives. The first is a stakeholder-centered, micro-historical analysis based on interviews and on the archives of international organizations promoting neo-liberalism. This is coupled with a macro-sociological analysis focused on the characteristics of the French national context. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. This has restricted opportunities for its supporters, both directly, by discouraging politicians from implementing policies congruent with this ideology, and indirectly, by shrinking the policy window of acceptable economic and social discourse and thus limiting the options of the main political parties that might otherwise legitimize the implementation of neo-liberal public policies. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the existing consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, we identify other more incidental factors: The fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberalism's supporters, as well as the absence of any political actor who could effectively embody these ideas, contributed to their marginality in the public debate.This thesis examines, and then explains, the relative lack of success in the dissemination and acceptance of neo-liberal ideas in French politics during the period from 1974 to 2012. Using a wide range of data on public policy, public opinion and political party platforms, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations. It then accounts for this anomaly and contributes more generally to the understanding of how ideologies diffuse in a political system. The answer is derived from the combination of two perspectives. The first is a stakeholder-centered, micro-historical analysis based on interviews and on the archives of international organizations promoting neo-liberalism. This is coupled with a macro-sociological analysis focused on the characteristics of the French national context. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. This has restricted opportunities for its supporters, both directly, by discouraging politicians from implementing policies congruent with this ideology, and indirectly, by shrinking the policy window of acceptable economic and social discourse and thus limiting the options of the main political parties that might otherwise legitimize the implementation of neo-liberal public policies. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the existing consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, we identify other more incidental factors: The fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberalism's supporters, as well as the absence of any political actor who could effectively embody these ideas, contributed to their marginality in the public debate