Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ideal Type

Academic literature on the topic 'Ideal Type'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ideal Type"

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Farris, Sara R. "AN ‘IDEAL TYPE’ CALLEDORIENTALISM." Interventions 12, no. 2 (July 2010): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801x.2010.489701.

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Shepherd, Sue. "Managerialism: an ideal type." Studies in Higher Education 43, no. 9 (February 13, 2017): 1668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1281239.

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Röhrle, Gerhard. "Arrangements of ideal type." Journal of Algebra 484 (August 2017): 126–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2017.04.008.

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Caforio, Giuseppe, and Marina Nuciari. "The Officer Profession: Ideal-Type." Current Sociology 42, no. 3 (December 1994): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001139294042003005.

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Kvist, Jon. "Fuzzy set ideal type analysis." Journal of Business Research 60, no. 5 (May 2007): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.005.

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Salusso-Deonier, Carol J., Nancy L. Markee, and Elaine L. Pedersen. "Gender Differences in the Evaluation of Physical Attractiveness Ideals for Male and Female Body Builds." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 3_suppl (June 1993): 1155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1155.

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The purposes of this research were (1) to explore gender differences in the evaluation of physical attractiveness stimuli developed to represent commonly occurring real builds, (2) to identify observers' concepts of physical attractiveness ideals promoted by the media, and (3) to begin cross-validation of these stimuli as representations of observers' concepts of ideal physical attractiveness for male and female builds. Responses included (1) open-ended descriptions of ideal male and ideal female build, (2) ratings of relative attractiveness of 12 male and 15 female stimuli, (3) selections of stimulus types which best represented ideal builds, and (4) selections of stimulus types perceived to be promoted by the media. Analysis showed strong cross-validation among modes of response. Ideal male build included average/balanced type (small and medium), lean/broad-shouldered type (large), and muscular bulk type (medium). Ideal female body build included average/balanced type (small and medium) and lean/ broad-shouldered type (small and medium). Gender differences were in emphasis only. Women emphasized lean/broad-shouldered and average/balanced male types. Men emphasized the muscular bulk male type. Body types perceived to be media-promoted highlighted stereotypic male muscularity and female leanness.
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Gossett, Philip. "Carl Dahlhaus and the "Ideal Type"." 19th-Century Music 13, no. 1 (1989): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/746211.

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Aran, Gideon. "Striking Home: Ideal-Type of Terrorism." Terrorism and Political Violence 31, no. 5 (March 27, 2017): 987–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2017.1300581.

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Breuer, S. "Towards an Ideal Type of Fascism." Max Weber Studies 8, no. 1 (2008): 11–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15543/mws/2008/1/2.

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Eliaeson, Sven. "Max Weber's methodology: An ideal-type." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 36, no. 3 (2000): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(200022)36:3<241::aid-jhbs3>3.0.co;2-c.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ideal Type"

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Fernandes, Teresa X. "The postanarchist, an activist in a 'heterotopia' : building an ideal type." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28486.

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The Postanarchist, an activist in a heterotopia : building an ideal type is the theme of this doctoral thesis. The main aim is to elaborate a design for the postanarchist figure, picking up its main characteristics from the work of the postanarchist Saul Newman. The argument also bears on two other authors: the post-structuralist Michel Foucault, considered a strong influence of postanarchism, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the first author who labelled himself as anarchist and the first to embrace anarchy positively. Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari are introduced as mediators to provide deeper understanding of the main authors. The dissertation offers a novel theoretical revision of postanarchism through Michel Foucault and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. It notes the close similarities between Foucault and Proudhon - in terms of concepts of space, struggle, movement, necessity and consequently anarchy; establishes a conceptual net around them and uses Proudhon s thinking to fill the bibliographic gaps in Foucault s writings. The goal is to better understand the thought and the activist practice of Foucault in terms of anarchism and, in the last instance, to better grasp the postanarchism of Saul Newman in order to carve the postanarchist ideal type. Postanarchism is understood as the constitution of autonomous spaces; the notions of space and heterotopias - the Foucauldian space - are central in the dissertation. Accordingly, the thesis is structured by three hypotheses: (i) postanarchism is space constitution; (ii) the constitution of space is a struggle; (iii) to establish space is to survive. The sub-concepts of the dissertation are: movement, necessity, struggle, power subject, body, sign, truth and utopia. The thesis provides an interpretative analysis of primary sources - books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets and manifestos - of the three main authors supported by secondary commentaries. It departs from conventions by adopting a theoretical approach inspired by Foucault s solar and circular worldview (and Tommaso Campanella s City of the Sun). This facilitates the fluid organization of the argument and avoids imposing linearity on the content, thus highlighting the interrelation between content and the structure of the argument. This thesis is an exposition, an interpretation that develops new knowledge through the connections and methods that enable us to better know who the postanarchist activist is.
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Bezerra, Maria Bernadete Pereira. "Para além da competitividade - subsídios para refletir os pequenos negócios/ Itabuna-Bahia." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2003. http://www.adm.ufba.br/publicacao/para-alem-competitividade-subsidios-para-refletir-os-pequenos-negocios-itabuna-bahia.

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p. 1-89
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Esta investigação analisa a competitividade dos pequenos negócios através da concepção de um Tipo Ideal, com inspiração Weberiana, no segmento de produção industrial, centrado na capacidade empresarial e consubstanciado basicamente, em Michael Porter e Max Weber. A proposta foi validada por uma Amostra Intencional constituída por segmentos da comunidade, uma Representação Social. O modelo construído resultou da interseção dos aspectos econômico, social e político. A variável competência eco/empresarial refletiu-se através do poder de negociação dos fornecedores e compradores, proatividade na concorrência, preservação do meio ambiente, atenção aos novos entrantes, qualificação do trabalhador, investimentos em P&D e na utilização de recursos de terceiros. A variável Justiça Social objetivou-se na consciência da responsabilidade social, respeito aos direitos trabalhistas, pagamento do salário em dia e na manutenção do canal de comunicação aberto com os trabalhadores. A variável engajamento político traduziu-se na filiação à Associação Comercial de Itabuna (ACI), na contribuição às políticas de desenvolvimento regional, na filiação a cooperativas e à Associação de pequenas e micro empresas de Itabuna; na prática de trabalhos voluntários e na filiação a partido político. Desse modo construiu-se um conceito, um instrumento que materializa uma contribuição à tecnologia votada para o universo dos pequenos negócios acreditando na possibilidade de mudança através de melhores métodos organizacionais. Assim foi concebida uma contribuição que se traduziu como Para além da competitividade, subsídios para refletir os pequenos negócios na cidade de Itabuna-Ba.
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Clayton, John. "Interaction with rule-bound systems : introducing a new 'ideal type' problem context." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7953.

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This PhD thesis introduces a new ideal-type problem context of rule-bound systems. The thesis has been generated through a belief in the ability of metaphor to make the abstract visible, its capacity to make the unfamiliar familiar, and its effectiveness as a legitimate means of generating insight and organizing knowledge. Metaphorical description remains an integral part of this thesis from beginning to end. It shows how the new context of rule-bound systems provides closure of the ideal problem context grid along the participants access. Following the ideas that created the basis for this closure, insight into a new role for systems practitioners is provided and the ideal problem context grid developed to form of a Torus. Part 1 outlines the theoretical foundations and other inspirations that underpin the thesis. Grounded on a wider definition of rules, including rules in both a formal and informal sense, multiple ways of viewing rules are highlighted. The characteristics of rule-bound systems are identified, drawing comparisons with other 'ideal-types'. Suggestions are also drawn out as to how change might be affected in a rule-bound context. Part II of this thesis is an account of a real world intervention informed by Critical Systems Thinking, carried out under the auspices of Participatory Action Research. A number of systems research methods and concepts were employed to investigate the participation of students in policy making in two contrasting senior schools in the North of England - organizations believed to present many of the characteristics of the rule-bound system. The approach used was one mixing methods, specifically, the creation of a symbiotic relationship between Soft Systems Methodology and Critical Systems Heuristics. Part III describes the process of reflection undertaken and the conclusion to the thesis.
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Combes, Monique. "L'organisation qualifiante : ideal-type et conditions d'emergence : les enseignements d'une recherche dans l'aeronautique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0435.

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La thèse propose une réflexion sur le concept d'organisation qualifiante conçue comme une nouvelle forme d'organisation cohérente avec les nouvelles technologies et les nouvelles logiques d'organisation. Elle s'appuie notamment sur une recherche menée dans deux entreprises du secteur aéronautique, et conduit à la construction d'un idéaltype de l'organisation qualifiante et au repérage de ses conditions d'émergence. L'organisation qualifiante repose sur un ensemble de principes profondément différents du modèle taylorien. Certains sont inscrits dans ses structures et modes de fonctionnement, comme l'intégration forte de la formation à l'organisation, l'orientation des missions vers le développement des compétences, le développement de réseaux de compétences, et un encadrement formateur. D'autres guident l'élaboration des dispositifs de gestion, à l'image du principe de subsidiarité et de la gestion des ressources humaines en termes de flux. C'est la conjonction de ces facteurs structurels, managériaux et politiques qui lui confère la capacité d'être plus qualifiante que d'autres formes d'organisation et d'être qualifiante autrement, en utilisant de manière privilégiée le lien étroit entre compétences et organisation. Les conditions d'émergence d'une organisation qualifiante sont multiples. Certaines sont à rechercher en interne, comme la volonté d'investir dans les ressources humaines, l'adoption d'une stratégie d'innovation, la réunion d'un ensemble de conditions qui autorisent des perspectives à long terme. D'autres sont liées à l'environnement. L'organisation qualifiante émerge là où la nature de l'environnement rend difficiles les anticipations en matière d'évolution des emplois et des compétences, là où la réalisation de sa mission requiert des réponses innovantes et partiellement indéterminées, là où l'acquisition des compétences requises ne peut se faire en dehors de l'activité elle-même. L'organisation qualifiante apparait comme l'un des aspects du paradigme non mécaniste qui se met lentement en place. Elle constitue ni un modèle aussi structure que le taylorisme, ni une utopie mais un ensemble cohérent de principes pour l'action.
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Wise, Natalie Marie. "Determining Ideal Swab Type For Collection Of The Microbiome For Forensic Identification Purposes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1616345112960545.

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Tiley, David. "Post-Fordist ideal type?, the labour process in the Japanese manufacturing sector, 1967-1990." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22103.pdf.

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Tiley, David Carleton University Dissertation Political Economy. "Post-Fordist 'Ideal type'? - The labour process in the Japanese manufacturing sector, 1967-1990." Ottawa, 1997.

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Summers, Kathy Denise. "An examination of the effectiveness of work-site health promotion programs : an "ideal" type approach /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-155327/.

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Carney, Tara. "I want to look like that : the role of ideal-type media in disordered eating behaviours." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11800.

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Bibliography: leaves 129-139.
The relationship between media exposure and disordered eating disordered behaviours is not without complexity and contestation in the existing literature. Much knowledge of this relationship in a sample of South African university students, who could be expected to have reasonably high levels of media exposure. It examined the relationship via both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative part, 222 second-year psychology students at the University of Cape Town completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT -26). Analyses of the EAT-26 scores and demographic variables using multiple regression showed that both the sex subjects (ß=0.23, p<0.001) and their levels of media exposure (ß=0.17, p<0.001) were significantly related to a higher risk of the development of symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
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Hjelm, Mathilda. "Vilken politisk riktning har Donald Trump? : En idéanalys av Donald Trumps ideologi och inrikespolitik." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104113.

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This essay is about Donald Trump and his ideology and domestic policy. The purpose of this essay is to find out how and to what extent is Donald Trump a nationalist and conservative during the years 2015 - 2021 and what is his view on domestic policy are, and in which way is it displayed. The study uses the methods of an idea analysis with the help of nationalist and conservative ideal types to analyze Donald Trump's 2016 campaign kickoff speech, Inauguration of Donald Trump, 2020 Trump Tulsa rally, and Donald Trump's farewell address. This method is effective because it will analyze ideology and how he uses ideology and how his view on domestic policy is, which is why idea analysis is an ideal choice of use. This essay's result is that Donald Trump uses nationalist ideas much more than he uses conservative ideas and that Donald Trump has a positive view on domestic policy and that he presents both these things very much and he repeats it often because of the importance.
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Books on the topic "Ideal Type"

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Ashford, Jeffrey. An ideal crime. South Yarmouth, Mass., USA: J. Curley, 1987.

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Ashford, Jeffrey. An ideal crime. New York: Walker, 1986.

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An ideal crime. London: Collins, 1985.

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Wilde, Oscar. An ideal husband. Rearsby: Clipper Large Print, 2013.

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Balogh, Mary. The ideal wife. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2008.

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Neels, Betty. An ideal wife. Toronto: Harlequin Books, 2004.

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Livshit͡s, I͡U M. A new type of man, ideal and realities: Sociological essays. Tallinn: Perioodika, 1986.

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Garwood, Julie. The ideal man. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2011.

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Garwood, Julie. The ideal man. New York: Dutton, 2011.

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David, Spencer. Constructing the paternalistic countryside: The role of the Weberian ideal type. [Reading, England]: Dept. of Geography, University of Reading, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ideal Type"

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Beetham, David. "ideal type." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–2. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1004-1.

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Beetham, David. "ideal type." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 6082–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1004.

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Pollitt, Christopher, Colin Talbot, Janice Caulfield, and Amanda Smullen. "Modern Agencies — The Ideal Type." In Agencies, 30–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504868_2.

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David Taylor, Simon. "The Professional Soldier Ideal Type." In Combatants in African Conflicts, 74–99. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065467-3.

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David Taylor, Simon. "The Insurgent Soldier Ideal Type." In Combatants in African Conflicts, 158–90. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065467-6.

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David Taylor, Simon. "The Mercenary Soldier Ideal Type." In Combatants in African Conflicts, 191–212. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065467-7.

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David Taylor, Simon. "The Militia Soldier Ideal Type." In Combatants in African Conflicts, 134–57. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065467-5.

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David Taylor, Simon. "The Praetorian Soldier Ideal Type." In Combatants in African Conflicts, 100–133. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065467-4.

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Lindahl, Sondre. "Ontology, epistemology and the ideal-type." In A Critical Theory of Counterterrorism, 33–49. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge critical terrorism studies: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351121279-3.

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Heo, Seunghoon Emilia. "An Ideal Type of Interstate Reconciliation." In Reconciling Enemy States in Europe and Asia, 72–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230390379_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ideal Type"

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Kossoski, Adriano, Angelo Marcelo Tusset, Gerson Santos, Rodrigo Tumolin Rocha, Frederic Conrad Janzen, Wagner Barth Lenz, and José Manoel Balthazar. "Numerical and experimental analysis of a non-ideal type system." In X Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.conem2018.con18-1229.

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Setyadi, T. Y., Mardiyana, and Triyanto. "Mathematical problem solving skills using IDEAL model based on personality type." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENVIRONMENT, AND EDUCATION. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5139847.

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Nascimento, Susana, and Boris Mirkin. "Ideal type model and an associated method for relational fuzzy clustering." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2017.8015473.

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Mishra, Soumya, Santanu Kumar Dash, and Prvat Kumar Ray. "Performance analysis of L-type PV-DSTATCOM under ideal and distorted supply voltage." In 2016 IEEE Students’ Technology Symposium (TechSym). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/techsym.2016.7872678.

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Boiroux, D., D. A. Finan, N. K. Poulsen, J. B. Jorgensen, and H. Madsen. "Implications and Limitations of Ideal Insulin Administration for People with Type 1 Diabetes." In UKACC International Conference on CONTROL 2010. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2010.0273.

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Luo, Xiaorong, Bo Zhang, and Zhaoji Li. "Ideal N-type SiC/metal Contacts by Reduction of the Density of Interface State." In 2006 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccas.2006.285237.

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Zhou, Jing Hua, Qiang Song, and Hai Dong Zhang. "Control Technology for T-type Three Level Power Conversion System Under Non-ideal Grid." In 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peac.2018.8590302.

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Deng, Huifang, and Robert F. Boehm. "An Estimation of the Performance Limits of Dry Cooling on Trough-Type Solar Thermal Plants." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54335.

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The southwestern US is an ideal location for solar power plants due to its abundant solar resource, while there is a difficulty in implementing wet cooling systems due to the shortage of water in this region. Dry cooling could be an excellent solution for this, if it could achieve a high efficiency and low cost as wet cooling. Some dry cooling systems are currently in operation, and investigations of their performance have been reported in the literature. This paper looks into the limits to the power production implicit in dry cooling, assuming that improvements might be made to the system components. Use of higher performance heat transfer surfaces is one such possible improvement. We have developed a model of a fairly typical, but simplified, solar trough plant, and simulated thermodynamic performance of this with the software Gatecycle. We have examined the power generation and cycle efficiency of the plant for the Las Vegas vicinity with conventional wet cooling and conventional dry cooling cases considered separately using this software. TMY2 data are used for this location for this purpose. Similarly, the same studies are carried out for “ideal” cooling systems as a comparison. We assumed that in the ideal dry cooling system, the condensing temperature is the ambient dry bulb temperature, and in the ideal wet cooling system, it is the ambient wet bulb temperature. It turned out that the ideal dry cooling system would significantly outperform the conventional wet cooling system, indicating the possibility of the dry cooling system being able to achieve increased performance levels with component improvements.
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Huang, Meng, Chi K. Tse, and Siu-Chung Wong. "Hopf-type Bifurcation in Three-Phase PFC Power Supplies Connected to Non-ideal Power Grid." In 2012 5th International Workshop on Chaos-Fractals Theories and Applications (IWCFTA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcfta.2012.41.

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Hall, David C., Ron Kohl, and Roger Graves. "Development of an Ideal Project Law." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41674.

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Our research collaboration has begun a project to develop an Ideal Project Law (IPL). What we are trying to accomplish is the development of some equation with a mathematical underpinning that can usefully relate Functionality, Cost, Schedule and Risk which can then be graphed, and this graph then becomes a decision making and communications aid. For some of us, the current contention is that a possible IPL is analogous to the Ideal Gas Law (IGL), which relates Pressure (P), Volume (V) and Temperature (T) for reasonably well-behaved gases. (P*V)/T = Constant (where the constant has very much to do with the nature of the gas under discussion). This is due to our belief that the IPL will represent some form of a relationship (inverse or direct) between Cost (C), Schedule (S), Functionality (F) and Risk (R) much like the IGL represents relationships between P, V and T for a given gas. We also expect that at least some of the factors will change based on the type of project, so we might have to develop a range of factors and constants. The Ideal Gas Law informs us, for example, that if you keep V fixed and increase P, then you can expect T to also increase. So “keep this one factor fixed, and change that other factor and then watch the third factor move one way or the other” relationships can be described via the Ideal Gas Law. We believe that this “push on one factor and see what happens to the other factors” feature of the Ideal Gas Law seems to be very analogous to project and operation Cost, Schedule, Functionality and Risk relationships. This law, or some such function, is absolutely essential. Having such a Law that is proven valid will introduce (or rather tactfully enforce) some systematic thinking in the project and operational management set-up. Otherwise, no matter how elaborate a case is made for project or operational risks, the risk decisions will be left to the whims, fancies and moods of the key decision-making person(s) in the organization or project — we are working towards reducing this subjectivity in decision-making. We may determine that it is impossible to have a 100% scientific outlook on project or operational factors simply because human beings are involved, but if that is the case, we may be able to be at least 80% scientific about it.
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Reports on the topic "Ideal Type"

1

Potterf, Gerald. Inter-bureau power relations; a sociological analysis of an ideal type organizational model. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1474.

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Hessini, Leila. Living on a Fault Line: Political Violence Against Women in Algeria. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1996.1005.

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This study raises three questions to better comprehend the crisis women face in Algeria today: how are the state and the opposition groups addressing and defining women’s contemporary status, what is the link between women’s status and violence against them, and what are the tactics both of resistance and accommodation that Algerian women are using to survive in such a context? Throughout this study, the term “Islamic Fundamentalists” refers to movements and people in Algeria who use the “recovery” of early principles of the Ideal Muslim Community to develop their idea of a future Islamic “social order,” with the ultimate desire of achieving political power, often using violent means. This study discusses the general characteristic of these movements and the surge of political Islam in post-independence Algeria. This study investigates how violence—or the threat thereof—has become acceptable as a legitimate instrument to control women and force them to conform to a vision of an “Ideal Islamic Society.” As this report states, this type of violence, unlike state violence, is exclusively perpetuated by members of militant Islamist movements.
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Chinsinga, Blessings, Mirriam Matita, Masautso Chimombo, Loveness Msofi, Stevier Kaiyatsa, and Jacob Mazalale. Agricultural Commercialisation and Rural Livelihoods in Malawi: A Historical and Contemporary Agrarian Inquiry. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.043.

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This study was carried out to understand the underlying dynamics of agricultural commercialisation in Malawi, especially among smallholder farmers. Despite various concerted efforts to accelerate agricultural growth and transformation, the progress among smallholder farmers has been less satisfactory. Most of the smallholder farmers do not engage with markets on a consistent and sustainable basis. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to demonstrate that there is no one ideal type of agricultural commercialisation that can be realised through investment and policy intervention.
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Johra, Hicham. Assembling temperature sensors: thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors RTD (Pt100). Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau449755797.

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Temperature is one of the most common physical quantities (measurand) to be measured in experimental investigations, monitoring and control of building indoor environment, thermal comfort and building energy performance. The most common temperature sensors are the thermocouples and the resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). These analog sensors are cheap, accurate, durable and easy to replace or to repair. The cable of these sensors can easily be shortened or extended. These sensors have a simple, monotonic and stable correlation between the sensor’s temperature and their resistance/voltage output, which makes them ideal for temperature measurement with electronic logging equipment. This technical report aims at providing clear guidelines about how to assemble and mount type-K thermocouples and Pt100 RTDs. These are the most common temperature sensors used in the Laboratory of Building Energy and Indoor Environment at the Department of the Built Environment of Aalborg University.
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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg, and Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.

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Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.
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Dawson, William O., and Moshe Bar-Joseph. Creating an Ally from an Adversary: Genetic Manipulation of Citrus Tristeza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586540.bard.

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Citrus is one of the major agricultural crops common to Israel and the United States, important in terms of nutrition, foreign exchange, and employment. The economy of both citrus industries have been chronically plagued by diseases caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The short term solution until virus-resistant plants can be used is the use of mild strain cross-protection. We are custom designing "ideal" protecting viruses to immunize trees against severe isolates of CTV by purposely inoculating existing endangered trees and new plantings to be propagated as infected (protected) citrus budwood. We crossed the substantial technological hurdles necessary to accomplish this task which included developing an infectious cDNA clone which allows in vitro manipulation of the virus and methods to then infect citrus plants. We created a series of hybrids between decline-inducing and mild CTV strains, tested them in protoplasts, and are amplifying them to inoculate citrus trees for evaluation and mapping of disease determinants. We also extended this developed technology to begin engineering transient expression vectors based on CTV as tools for genetic improvement of tree crops, in this case citrus. Because of the long periods between genetic transformation and the ultimate assay of mature tree characteristics, there is a great need for an effective system that allows the expression or suppression of target genes in fruiting plants. Virus-based vectors will greatly expedite progress in citrus genetic improvement. We characterized several components of the virus that provides necessary information for designing virus-based vectors. We characterized the requirements of the 3 ’-nontranslated replication promoter and two 3 ’-ORF subgenomic (sg) mRNA controller elements. We discovered a novel type of 5’-terminal sgRNAs and characterized the cis-acting control element that also functions as a strong promoter of a 3 ’-sgRNA. We showed that the p23 gene controls negative-stranded RNA synthesis and expression of 3 ’ genes. We identified which genes are required for infection of plants, which are host range determinants, and which are not needed for plant infection. We continued the characterization of native dRNA populations and showed the presence of five different classes including class III dRNAs that consists of infectious and self-replicating molecules and class V dRNAs that contain all of the 3 ’ ORFs, along with class IV dRNAs that retain non-contiguous internal sequences. We have constructed and tested in protoplasts a series of expression vectors that will be described in this proposal.
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Rahman, Mohammad, Ahmed Ibrahim, and Riyadh Hindi. Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability—Phase III. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-022.

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Early-age cracking in concrete decks significantly reduces the service life of bridges. This report discusses the application of various concrete mixtures that include potential early mitigation ingredients. Large-scale (7 ft × 10 ft) experimental bridge prototypes with similar restraint conditions found in actual bridges were poured with different concrete mixtures to investigate mitigation techniques. Portland cement (control), expansive Type K cement, internally cured lightweight aggregate (LWA), shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA), and gypsum mineral were investigated as mitigating ingredients. Seven concrete mixtures were prepared by using individual ingredients as well as a combination of different ingredients. The idea behind combining different mitigating techniques was to accumulate the combined benefit from individual mitigating materials. The combined Type K cement and LWA mixture showed higher concrete expansion compared with mixtures containing Portland cement, Type K cement, LWA, and SRA in the large-scale experimental deck. Extra water provided by LWA significantly enhanced the performance of Type K cement’s initial expansion as well as caused larger total shrinkage over the drying period. A combination of Type K cement and gypsum mineral showed insignificantly higher expansion compared with the individual Type K mixture. Overall, the experimental deck containing SRA showed the least total shrinkage compared with other mixtures. Finite-element modeling was performed to evaluate and predict concrete stress-strain behavior due to shrinkage in typical bridges. A parametric study using finite-element analysis was conducted by altering the structure of the experimental deck. More restraint from internal reinforcement, less girder spacing, larger girder flange width, and more restrictive support conditions increased the concrete tensile stress and led to potential cracking in the concrete deck.
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Alfano, James, Isaac Barash, Thomas Clemente, Paul E. Staswick, Guido Sessa, and Shulamit Manulis. Elucidating the Functions of Type III Effectors from Necrogenic and Tumorigenic Bacterial Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592638.bard.

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Many phytopathogenic bacteria use a type III protein secretion system (T3SS) to inject type III effectors into plant cells. In the experiments supported by this one-year feasibility study we investigated type III effector function in plants by using two contrasting bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, a necrotrophic pathogen and Pantoea agglomerans, a tumorigenic pathogen. The objectives are listed below along with our major conclusions, achievements, and implications for science and agriculture. Objective 1: Compare Pseudomonas syringae and Pantoea agglomerans type III effectors in established assays to test the extent that they can suppress innate immunity and incite tumorigenesis. We tested P. agglomerans type III effectors in several innate immunity suppression assays and in several instances these effectors were capable of suppressing plant immunity, outputs that are suppressed by P. syringae effectors. Interestingly, several P. syringae effectors were able to complement gall production to a P. agglomerans pthGmutant. These results suggest that even though the disease symptoms of these pathogens are dramatically different, their type III effectors may function similarly. Objective 2: Construct P. syringae mutants in different combinations of type III-related DNA clusters to reduce type III effector redundancy. To determine their involvement in pathogenicity we constructed mutants that lack individual and multiple type III-related DNA clusters using a Flprecombinase-mediated mutagenesis strategy. The majority of single effector mutants in DC3000 have weak pathogenicity phenotypes most likely due to functional redundancy of effectors. Supporting this idea, Poly-DNAcluster deletion mutants were more significantly reduced in their ability to cause disease. Because these mutants have less functional redundancy of type III effectors, they should help identify P. syringae and P. agglomerans effectors that contribute more significantly to virulence. Objective 3: Determine the extent that P. syringae and P. agglomerans type III effectors alter hormone levels in plants. Inhibition of auxin polar transport by 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) completely prevented gall formation by P. agglomerans pv. gypsophilae in gypsophila cuttings. This result supported the hypothesis that auxin and presumably cytokinins of plant origin, rather than the IAA and cytokinins secreted by the pathogen, are mandatory for gall formation. Transgenic tobacco with pthGshowed various phenotypic traits that suggest manipulation of auxin metabolism. Moreover, the auxin levels in pthGtransgenic tobacco lines was 2-4 times higher than the control plants. External addition of auxin or cytokinins could modify the gall size in gypsophila cuttings inoculated with pthGmutant (PagMx27), but not with other type III effectors. We are currently determining hormone levels in transgenic plants expressing different type III effectors. Objective 4: Determine whether the P. agglomerans effectors HsvG/B act as transcriptional activators in plants. The P. agglomerans type III effectors HsvG and HsvB localize to the nucleus of host and nonhost plants and act as transcription activators in yeast. Three sites of adjacent arginine and lysine in HsvG and HsvB were suspected to act as Nuclear localization signals (NLS) domains. A nuclear import assay indicated two of the three putative NLS domains were functional NLSs in yeast. These were shown to be active in plants by fusing HsvG and HsvB to YFP. localization to the nucleus was dependent on these NLS domains. These achievements indicate that our research plan is feasible and suggest that type III effectors suppress innate immunity and modulate plant hormones. This information has the potential to be exploited to improve disease resistance in agricultural crops.
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Li, Zhenqi, Guangfu Zhang, Jia Liu, and Xiaolin Li. Risk factors for gallbladder Cancer:A meta-analysis based on nearly a decade of research. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0065.

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Review question / Objective: Gallbladder cancer is a rare tumor that is mostly advanced once detected. The efficacy of surgical treatment is still controversial. Therefore, primary prevention of gallbladder cancer is important. There are many studies on risk factors for gallbladder cancer, but at present it is difficult to identify independent risk factors for gallbladder cancer, except for a history of symptomatic chronic cholecystitis and malignant transformation of a single polyp. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is popular worldwide and can be a preventive procedure for gallbladder cancer in addition to resolving benign lesions. This study makes a meta-analysis of the latest research results exploring the risk factors of gallbladder cancer in the last decade , expecting to provide evidence-based medical support for the prevention of gallbladder cancer at the clinical level, and to provide some ideas to guide the surgical indications for LC and future research related to gallbladder cancer. Subject of study: Gallbladder cancer. Study content: Risk factors. Type of study: case-control or cohort study. Extract the value: OR, HR, RR.
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10

Qi, Yan, Ryan Fries, Shambhu Saran Baral, and Pranesh Biswas. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Snow Fences in Illinois: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-020.

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Serving as a windbreak, properly sited and designed snow fences have been proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of blowing snow. To achieve the best snow-control effects, the ideal locations for snow fences are usually outside the roadway right-of-way. Few efforts have been made to examine the economic efficiency of snow fences and explore ways to reward private landowners. The objective of this project was to develop methodologies for evaluation of the costs and benefits of snow fences in Illinois and identify ways to encourage private landowners’ participation in the snow fence program while keeping it cost-effective. The researchers conducted a literature review as well as agency and landowner surveys. They also acquired crash data, snow fence and blowing snow segment inventory data, and blowing snow removal expenditure data as well as performed benefit-cost analyses of three types of snow fences following Federal Highway Administration guides. The survey results suggested that standing corn rows (SCRs) and structural snow fences (SSFs) were the least intrusive options for landowners and living snow fences (LSFs) with trees were the most intrusive. Some concerns related to LSFs could be reduced by allowing landowners to play a role in the design and plant-selection process. The crash data indicated that no fatal and severe crashes occurred at snow fence segments, while several fatal and severe crashes occurred at blowing snow segments during 2012–2016. The results of the benefit-cost analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratios for LSFs and SSFs are comparable. However, LSFs are favorable over SSFs because little maintenance is needed after the plants are mature. Although SCRs have the highest benefit-cost ratio, the need to renew the agency-landowner agreement annually and the alternating of crops planted may limit their snow-control effectiveness and large-scale implementation. A tool was developed using MS Excel to facilitate the benefit-cost analysis of snow fences.
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