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1
Murray, Adam. "Spinoza on essence and ideal individuation." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 43, no. 1 (2013): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2013.812371.
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My project in this paper is to fill a gap in Spinoza's theory of metaphysical individuation. In a few brief passages of the Ethics, Spinoza manages to explain his views on the nature of composition and the part-whole relation, the metaphysical facts which ground the individuation of simple bodies and the extended individuals they compose, and the persistence of one and the same individual through time and mereological change. Yet Spinoza nowhere presents a corresponding account of the individuation of simple ideas, or the minds such ideas compose. While it is initially tempting to locate the details of such an account in Spinoza's views on the relation between the mental and physical domains, I argue here that such approaches fail, in conflicting with Spinoza's insistence that the mental and the physical are conceptually and explanatorily independent. By contrast, I show that for Spinoza, each idea essentially possesses the property of affirming the existence of its object, and that such properties are well-suited to serve as the principle of ideal individuation Spinoza never explicitly provided.
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Gerasimov, Grigoriy I. "The ideal essence of a museum object." Issues of Museology 12, no. 1 (2021): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2021.112.
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The article examines the museum object from the theoretical and methodological positions of the idealistic approach, placing the Human Creator at the center of culture and history. The museum object is characterized as a substance of nature from the theoretical point of view. Also, it is designed in accordance with the ideological content of human consciousness and having value from the point of view of the main ideas of society’s worldview. An explanation of the phenomenon of information of a museum object is provided in the article. The process of endowing a museum object with such a specific property as museum character is substantiated and the procedure for its creation is described. At the same time, it is indicated that the main properties of a museum object are not immanent, but they are instilled in it by the consciousness of a museum worker and a visitor. The value of a museum object is determined by the ideas of the dominant worldview; when it changes, the value of the museum object also changes. The degree of expression of the main properties of a museum object such as expressiveness, attractiveness, and associativity also depend on the ideas of the current worldview. Original objects that sufficiently express the main content of the subject are of the greatest value. From the authors’ positions, criticism of views on the most important properties of a museum object is made. From the standpoint of an idealistic approach, a definition of authenticity of a museum object is provided and the particular importance of authentic objects inthe current time of multimedia and interactive technologies being introduced into museum practices is emphasized. The article concludes that the idealistic approach, offering a solution to many problems in relation to a museum object, nevertheless, is not at the moment an all-encompassing theory that can explain it in all manifestations of creation and functioning. However, according to the author, in comparison with other theories the idealistic approach is able to give more answers to questions in this area than other museological concepts.
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Flagg, Robert C., and Philipp Sünderhauf. "The essence of ideal completion in quantitative form." Theoretical Computer Science 278, no. 1-2 (May 2002): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(00)00334-0.
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Rastogi, P. N. "Essence of Leadership." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 12, no. 4 (October 1987): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919870405.
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Leadership is vital for the success of any organization. Based on an extensive research on the subject, Rastogi points out that a leader should look at the organization as an evolutionary process towards a desired future. He elaborates the essence of leadership as consisting of the following: creating a vision of the future, setting an example, reinforcing the desired behaviour, and creating the ideal selfimage. Empathy and charisma are two qualities that a leader needs.
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Budnyk, Olena. "Educational Model of a Modern Student: European Scope." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 3, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.3.2-3.9-14.
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The paper presents the results of the research of educational ideals in a philosophicalcontext. The essence of the educational ideal is shown in interrelations of the categories“opportunity” and “reality”, “concrete” and “abstract”, “content” and “form”, “cause” and“effect”, “freedom” and “necessity”. The author emphasizes the need to reorient moderneducational process on universal values for successful integration. Much attention is paid tonational educational ideal of a personality. The necessity of taking into account the pedagogicalwork of the teacher ideological, political, ethnic, religious, racial differences among students, atolerant attitude to their philosophical ideas and beliefs. The research deals with the need to focuson joint counteraction to extremism and terrorism
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Hadi Abbass, Husein, and Adel Hashem Nouri. "Pseudo B-Ideal, Pseudo H-Ideal and a Pseudo Essence of a Pseudo BH-Algebra." Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 1710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2019.1710.1713.
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Uyuni, Badrah, and Fadllurrohman Fadllurrohman. "Wanita Ideal Untuk Dinikahi." Tahdzib Al-Akhlaq: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/tahdzib.v2i1.467.
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Humans are created in pairs, they absolutely cannot be alone and live without the others. Marriage is a natural necessity for every human being that will bring harmony and happiness, a righteous woman (solehah woman) is a dream for every male, he has to know the criterias of unworthy and ideal womans before the marriage contract (‘aqd nikah) is held. It aims to create a permanent relationship between a husband and wife which can arrive the essence of marriage accordance with the purpose of marriage in Islam.
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Makroo, R. N., and Aakanksha Bhatia. "Provision of ideal transfusion support – The essence of thalassemia care." Apollo Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 2014): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apme.2014.07.011.
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Mehmetcik, Hakan. "Ideal and Beyond." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 24 (September 1, 2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.24.6.
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There is now a substantial body of theory on international relations. However, to understand theories of International Relations, we need to focus on the history of the discipline, which somehow always starts with idealist theory of International Relations. Therefore, it is worth to plunging into the debate on the structure of idealist International Relations theory to grab the essence of the dynamics and aims of the attempts that theorists try to address in the International Relations. This effort also consists of finding out the use and abuse of theory within the discipline as an attempt to point out the myth functions in International Relations theories. The paper aims to present idealist theory of International Relations by pinpointing differences with realist impulses on human nature, the nature of international relations, and cyclical view of history.
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George, Siby K. "Heidegger, Technology, and Biohistorical Human Futures." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 25, no. 2 (2021): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne2021427139.
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Posthumanist readings of the Heidegger corpus often conclude that the transformed future human essence must either be the ecoromanticist ideal of the attuned dweller or the technoprogressivist ideal of the technicized animal. Such inferences are untenable according to the logic of the text, where human essence is envisaged as radically unfixed and open, and humans themselves as meaningful contributors to their future essence. In this way, the transformation of human essence can become a genuinely ethicopolitical question, rather than an ontologically predetermined one. An ontologically open posthumanist and biohistorical reading of the Heidegger corpus concerning the human future is possible if focus is placed on the logic of the text itself rather than authorial intentions.
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Zaliubivska, Oksana, and Alexander Didenko. "Rhetorical ideal of a teacher of technical university: essence, content and structure." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 2 (10) (February 28, 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2017.94305.
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Pichler, Nadir Antonio, and Talia Castilhos de Oliveira. "Contemplative life as an ideal of blessing in Thomas Aquinas’ moral philosophy." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 80, no. 316 (July 28, 2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v80i316.2056.
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The purpose of the text is to describe and analyze the contemplative life as an ideal of beatitude in the moral philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. By assimilating, remodeling and criticizing the ancient and medieval philosophical-theological tradition, Thomas structures an original and complex synthesis, immersing itself in the essence of the divine nature through knowledge and in the human soul through the contemplative life, and from there to erect the pillars of an ontology theocentric, where God is the supreme good and promoter of human happiness, the first principle of all reality. From him comes the world, man and all creatures, and everything tends to return to its essence, in a special the man. For this reason, God is the alpha and omega, propitiator of the deepest beatitude. The text is organized into four items: the context of beatitude, the excellence of the intellectual soul by the activity of the contemplative life, the reasons for the contemplative life and the comparison between the active and the contemplative life. Síntese: O objetivo do texto é descrever e analisar a vida contemplativa como ideal de beatitude na filosofia moral de Tomás de Aquino. Assimilando, remodelando e criticando a tradição filosófico-teológica antiga a medieval, Tomás estrutura uma síntese original e complexa, mergulhando na essencia da natureza divina pelo conhecimento e na alma humana pela vida contemplativa, para, a partir daí, erigir os pilares de uma ontologia teocentrica, onde Deus é o bem supremo e promotor da felicidade humana, o primeiro princípio de toda a realidade. Dele procede o mundo, o homem e todas as criaturas, e tudo tende a retornar a sua essencia, de modo especial, o homem. Por isso, Deus é o alfa e o ômega, propiciador da mais profunda beatitude. O texto está organizado em quatro itens: Contexto da beatitude, a excelência da alma intelectiva pela atividade da vida contemplativa, as razoes da vida contemplativa e a comparaçao entre a vida ativa e a contemplativa.Palavras-chave: Beatitude; Vida contemplativa; Filosofia moral; Tomás de Aquino; Deus.
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LOCK, R. M., and A. J. MESTEL. "Annular self-similar solutions in ideal magnetogasdynamics." Journal of Plasma Physics 74, no. 4 (August 2008): 531–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377808007101.
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AbstractWe consider the possibility of self-similar solutions describing the implosion of hollow cylindrical annuli driven by an azimuthal magnetic field, in essence a self-similar imploding liner z-pinch. We construct such solutions for gasdynamics, for ideal ‘β=0’ plasma and for ideal magnetogasdynamics (MGD). In the latter two cases some quantities are singular at the annular boundaries. Numerical solutions of the full ideal MGD initial value problem indicate that the self-similar solutions are not attractive for arbitrary initial conditions, possibly as a result of flux-freezing.
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Choy, Renie. "The Deposit of Monastic Faith: The Carolingians on the Essence of Monasticism." Studies in Church History 49 (2013): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400002035.
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We live in an age wary of admitting that any institution has an essence, and this has posed a dilemma for the study of monasticism. Until relatively recently, historians of monasticism zealously sought out its timeless and immutable inner qualities rather than its many varieties. While acknowledging the changes in external form and circumstances, Adolf von Harnack’s Monasticism: Its Ideals and History (1881), Dom Morin’s L’Idéal monastique (1912), James Hannay’s The Spirit and Origin of Christian Monasticism (1903) and Herbert Workman’s The Evolution of the Monastic Ideal (1913) nevertheless pursued the stable qualities of monasticism which had survived the tides of time. Even in 1957 Jean Leclercq could still presume that monasticism had an ‘essence’, in a classic work translated into English under the title The Love of Learning and the Desire for God: A Study of Monastic Culture. To our twenty-first-century ears, such a monolith of a title, suggestive of the existence of a metahistorical ‘monastic ideal’, seems out of date. This essay approaches the subject of monastic historiography via an examination of Carolingian reflection on the monastic past, arguing that the significance of the ninth-century monastic programme lies in its effort to distil the entire received monastic heritage into a coherent and precise statement about the fundamental purpose of the monastic life. So we ask the question: when Eigil described Boniface and Sturm as spending a day away in a ‘sweet discussion about the life and manners of monks’, what exactly did he think they were talking about?
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Martsikhiv, Khrystyna, and Kateryna Seliverstova. "DEMOCRACY AS A PUBLIC IDEAL AND POLITICAL PRACTICE." 39, no. 39 (July 10, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-8089-2021-39-03.
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The multifaceted democratic processes in modern political science are considered, which are reduced to a number of theoretical concepts related to defining the essence of the concepts of «democracy», people’s «freedom of speech», various concepts of democracy. The basic goals and principles of democracy formation, which are very important in the modern world, are studied and defined, because the value of democracy in the 21st century is not only that it makes it possible to establish the effective rule of law. Emphasis is placed on the values of democracy in its inner essence. The importance of democracy is argued because it embodies the idea of equality and freedom, the idea of human and individual dignity, the idea of the right to choose for everyone, the possibility of exercising the right to vote for the formation of a government that would take into account the interests of voters. The constituent features of democracy are analyzed, in particular the criteria which allow to define this or that state as democratic; the basic principles of democracy and its certain levels are considered; specific examples of the democracies formation, taking into account their national characteristics, as well as ways to control citizens over the political decision-making process, which can promote or hinder the achievement that will contribute to true freedom and equality of citizens in the state.
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ALMEIDA, MICHAEL J. "Ideal worlds and the transworld untrustworthy." Religious Studies 40, no. 1 (February 17, 2004): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412503006863.
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The celebrated free-will defence was designed to show that the ideal-world thesis presents no challenge to theism. The ideal-world thesis states that, in any world in which God exists, He can actualize a world containing moral good and no moral evil. I consider an intriguing two-stage argument that Michael Bergmann advances for the free-will defence, and show that the argument provides atheologians with no reason to abandon the ideal-world thesis. I show next that the existence of worlds in which every essence is transworld untrustworthy provides atheologians with no better reason to abandon the ideal-world thesis. I conclude that neither the free-will defence nor Bergmann's revised free-will defence is a convincing response to the atheological challenge.
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Balzacq, Thierry. "The ‘Essence’ of securitization: Theory, ideal type, and a sociological science of security." International Relations 29, no. 1 (March 2015): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117814526606b.
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Elbaev, Y. A., V. G. Trenin, and I. V. Trenin. "Social ideal in the transitional period of Russia's development." SHS Web of Conferences 72 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197203001.
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The article is devoted to the essence and features of the critical period of social ideal development in the context of the Russian state functioning with the market economy of the transitive period. The philosophical aspects of the social ideal are considered in the historical and personological perspective, its nature, sources, the relationship of structural components - the ideals of social justice, liberty and freedom, Holiness and sacredness, community and conciliarity, strong statehood. The nature of the initial contradiction concluded in the archetype of universal consent and unity, between consent through self-government and consent through domination in the Russian tradition, resolved by a margin in the direction of the second, is shown. Based on the analysis of the Russian philosophers research results, it is shown that the social ideal as an expression and consequence of the national character is manifested at three levels – deep (static), surface (dynamic), superficial (situational).
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Boele-de Bruin, HL (Laura), and A. (Bram) de Muynck. "Exploring the professional ideals of Christian teachers from conservative Protestant schools in the Netherlands." International Journal of Christianity & Education 22, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056997117740367.
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Professional ideals arise from personal worldviews and specify teachers' professional identities. This study aimed to explore how faith is present in the professional ideals of Christian teachers. The professional ideals of 107 Dutch teachers from conservative Protestant primary and secondary schools were explored using an open-ended questionnaire. The ideal educational aims and contents were closely connected: the ultimate essence of teaching was defined as passing on images of the perfect Christian person by modelling. Faith was represented by non-substantial religious ideals that are related to social behavior. Ideals about didactical strategies and teaching materials which demonstrate teachers' Christian worldview were hardly found.
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Budagova, A. Sh. "On the question of the functions of the constitutional ideal." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (September 7, 2022): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.94.6.070-079.
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The article is devoted to the scientific problem of constitutional law — the definition of constitutional ideal and its main functions. The main task was to identify the concept of functions assigned to the constitutional ideal, provide classification of the functions and determine their formalization in the constitutional material. For the first time the analysis provided in the article relates to the concept of a value approach to constitutional law, constitutional norms, identifying the features of existing trends in foreign and domestic constitutional law. The ideas of Russian constitutional scientists were analyzed with respect to their understanding of the essence of constitutional ideal in different periods of the constitutional law science development. The article mainly focuses on highlighting the functions of the constitutional ideal, taking into account its main directions of influence on the formation of state and social development value model. As an example of ideological differences in the understanding of landmark values the article analyzes the legal formalization of the family and marriage institution in Russia and foreign countries.
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Borodina, S. D., and Yu V. Maslova. "FORMING OF A PROFESSIONAL IDEAL WHEN TRAINING LIBRARIANS." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 2 (July 5, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-2-69-74.
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An ideal is a significant component of the processes of self-education and professional formation, constituting the basis of an individual’s value consciousness and determining the life strategy of a student – the future specialist. Professional ideals form the student’s worldview and professional orientation, which is expressed in his behavior and attitude to reality. In psychological and pedagogical literature, the professional ideal is interpreted today as an image of professional excellence, as the supreme desired goal, idea and dream. Recently, we have witnessed a significantly increased interest of the foreign and domestic scientific community in the problem of the professional ideal and the features of its formation, which is associated with the general vectors of social development – modernization and democratization of all its spheres. Empirical studies of students’ professional values – that are engaged in the library field of preparation – show that traditionally the book is considered as the main value object, and often many of them explain their professional choice by the fact that they love the book, they cannot imagine their lives without it. Moreover, the undoubted general cultural value – the book – for the student – the future librarian is not only an object of reading, but also an important object of professional activity around which communication with the reader takes place, the meaning and purpose of the library. Reading is, in most cases, the necessary element of the student’s professional ideal. The future librarian should be an active, qualified reader, involved in book culture since his childhood, who cannot imagine his life without a home library, probably collected by his parents or, quite the reverse, begun to be formed by him. Broad reading interests, good literary taste, knowledge of literature and bibliography are the main characteristics of the future specialist in the library field. Students’ awareness of the essence of professional values, formation of their set and certainty in professional ideals contribute to the valuebased behavior and professional orientation, which lead to adequate ideas about the kernel and specifics of professional activities.
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Sagikyzy, Ayazhan, Dinara Zhanabayeva, and Маira Shurshitbay. "Formation of the Ideal of Moral and Ethical Education in the Kazakh Worldview." Al-Farabi 74, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.2/1999-5911.06.
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The article provides a philosophical analysis of the formation of the problem of moral education in the worldview of the Kazakh people. The ideal of moral education of the individual is the most important problem in the context of the reform of society, the modernization of public consciousness. The ideal is the core of the moral world of man, the criterion for re-evaluating the stereotypes of consciousness. The formation of the ideal of moral education has worried Kazakh thinkers and philosophers since ancient times. The theoretical issues of the formation of ideals were reflected in the works of Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Yusuf Balasaguni, Mahmud Kashgari, where they managed to reveal the essence of the ideal, morality and spirituality. Various aspects of this problem were considered by Ybyray Altynsarin, Shokan Ualikhanov and Abai Kunanbayev, who attached great importance to education in terms of moral development of the individual, and in particular, his ideals. The specific features of the idels of moral education found their development in the philosophy of Shakarim, M. Zh. Kopeev, Magzhan Zhumabaev, which consisted in studying themselves, their inner world. Traditional Kazakh culture, concentrating the centuries-old collective moral experience based on the purity of conscience, honor and duty, integrity of the spirit, enriches the modern Kazakh culture, the life experience of modern people in terms of moral criteria and norms of behavior.
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Chernyakhovskaya, Yulia S. "From Liberal Utopia to Fukuyama’s Anti-Utopia." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 35.5 (October 16, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2021-0-3-101-110.
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Wondering about the essence and goals of modern liberalism, the author of the article turns to the study of the origins of liberalism, and first of all, to the utopias of modern times, that are viewed as an indicators allowing to characterize the essential features of a particular ideology. Considering logically the three political models embodying ideal constructs that address the past, present and future, the author of the article also compares them with the approaches and concepts of modern liberals - primarily with the doctrines of F. Fukuyama. Having drawn the conclusions about the similarities and differences of the basic ideals of liberalism and the value constructs of Fukuyama, the author of the article also turns to the search for other ideal political constructs of the 20th century, capable of assuming the role of a new liberal utopia.
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Larionov, Igor, Vladislav Semenov, and Vadim Perov. "The moral ideal of freedom: slavery and wage labor in antiquity." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 13, no. 2 (2019): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-627-636.
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This paper discusses the relation of the concepts of slavery and wage labor in classical antiquity. The authors emphasize the dependence of this relation on the conception of a free citizen with the moral ideal of freedom at its center. The article attempts to provide a new explanation of the essence of classical slavery, which takes into account the ethical attitudes of ancient society. As the main thesis, it has been proved that according to the moral ideal of a free person in antiquity, hired labor was more despised than slavery.
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Bugaev, Vasily Ivanovich. "V.S. Solovyov’s characters of Christian ideal in the humanization process of Russian artistic education." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162302.
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The article explores the development of Russian culture and education symbolism at the end of ХІХ in a question about Filioque. The prominent Russian thinker V. Solovyov considered that the unity of spirituality of Christian ideal faith was carried out in the unity of catholic and orthodox Christian churches. He doubted the question of division of Character of Vera perception. V. Solovyov notified the ideal of iconographic art, which was fundamental conception of development of Russian artistic culture and education. Semantic Christian character-kernel is an interpretation of our Hail Mary for us. The ideal of this character is incarnated in the divine beginning through the free exploit of man, adding the faith in Godman and God-flesh (Hail Mary) to the faith in God. This ideal was announced by F. Dostoevsky. The trinity of Christian ideal must have become the background for conscious spiritual development of Russia and all humanity. Essence of beauty symbolism is perceived in the actual available phenomena - nature and art. The conception of Sofia - Wisdoms of God character influenced the development of the Russian artistic culture and modern education. The character overflows in concepts: reasonable essence, Divine Bosom, Eternal femininity, Basis, law of life, reason, connection of God and created World. The character of Sofia is oriented to the Russian culture and education development, as a future and final phenomenon of Deity. As a founder of Russian Christian philosophy V. Solovyov defined subsequent motion of symbolism of Christian ideal in the synthesis of Orthodox, revivalist and comparative trends. We notice positive motion in Russian modern artistic education.
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Yaacob, Adli. "AN EASTHETIC EDUCATION OF TAWHEED APPROACH AND NEW WRITING IDEAS AS A MODEL OF AN IDEAL THEORY OF ISLAMIC LITERATURE CONVEYING BY MOHD AFFANDI HASSAN." International Journal of Modern Education 4, no. 12 (March 31, 2022): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmoe.412007.
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This study relates to the concept of Islamic literature directed by Mohd. Affandi Hassan. He has shown two ideas to explain the concept of his Islamic literature. Firstly, aesthetic education of Tawheed approach, secondly, new writing ideas. In the first place, he emphasized on the nature based on Tawheed that must understand and appreciate the philosophy of the essence of man, the essence of knowledge and charity, as well as the fact and literary function in depth. Next, in order to apply this concept to the students, he introduced a method called KIBLAT to them consisting of reading, understanding, interpreting, enjoying, and composing. Moreover, in the process of composing a work of art, he suggested a new method called ESPEN, a short essay. While in the second ideas of 'New Literature' he emphasized the concept of ihsan and the concept of taklif in producing the masterpiece. Then, Affandi divides the distribution of the work into three stages: First: writing work, second; literary works, third; not valuable/erotic/pornographic works. Through this study, highlights the affirmative personality of Affandi in the field of science, especially literary criticism. Through the 'two ideas' shown by Affandi it is as if the 'Islamic literary concept' has almost reached perfection.
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Haq, M. Sabiq Kamalul. "KEPRIBADIAN GURU IDEAL DALAM KITAB ADABU AL ALIM WA AL MUTA’ALLIM The Ideal Teacher Personality In Adabu Al Alim Wa Al Muta’allim Book." Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) 3, no. 1 (August 31, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/smart.v3i1.451.
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The phenomena of education in the recent time shows that teachers’ characters has only activated at class room and most of the academician emphasize on the cognitive rather than affection and moral aspect. However, there are many previous studies on the teachers’ characters. This research aims to explore the Islamic education teachers’ characters on the book Adabu al Alim wa al Muta’allim written by KH.Hasyim Asy’ari. This study uses a theory of big five personality. The result of this study shows that the teacher’s personality type in such book is dominantly characterized by conscientiousness, for instance the teacher must be diligent, tidy, responsible, persistent, obeying the rules and norms of religion and society. The essence of teacher’s personality in the book is that the teacher must have knowledge and apply it in their life as well as down to earth. In addition, the number of Sufis in the book represents the omission of egoistic behaviors.
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Nazarenko, N. "MUSIC TEACHER’S ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC CONSCIOUSNESS: ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 23 (August 4, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2021.23.238255.
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The paper reveals the essence and content of the concept of ‘artistic and aesthetic consciousness of the teacher,’ where aesthetic consciousness is defined as one that determines the attitude to the phenomena of nature and culture and reveals their value aspects. The author analyzes the main components of artistic and aesthetic consciousness, which are aesthetic sense, aesthetic taste, aesthetic ideal, and shows art as a means of emotional development of the world, which becomes possible only in a socio-cultural environment by mastering certain cultural standards and cultural heritage. Given that art in the aggregate of its artistic images is a spiritual, ideal model of the world, which reflects not so much the real world as the desired, the author defines it as the basis of the spiritual culture of the era, its collective memory. Analyzing the essence and content of the concept of a music teacher’s artistic and aesthetic activities in today's conditions the following factors acquire: possession of a high level of professional training in various fields of music, on which their profession is based; possession of a wide range of creative skills in the field of music; ability to use various forms of work that contribute to the setting-up creative activity, interest in music lessons; ability to apply different types of creative activities in each lesson, based on the content of the development of aesthetic consciousness of future teachers of music; conscious understanding of the essence and content of the concept of a music teacher’s artistic and aesthetic activity in today's conditions. Artistic and aesthetic consciousness is the basis of the professional competencies of a music teacher, who extrapolates musical and aesthetic values into the educational process of student youth, forming their aesthetic culture.
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Hizbul Khootimah Azzaakiyyah. "An Entrepreneur‘s Character from Professor Musa Asy'arie's Perspective." Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business 1, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58905/apollo.v1i1.7.
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The unpredictable development of the times has made many people look for solutions in order to have a provision for the future through the role of entrepreneurs. However, not a few of them are still not stable in understanding what the real business goals are for, and what characteristics an entrepreneur must have in order not to take the wrong steps and directions. Thus, this study aims to present the ideal character that can be applied to an entrepreneur. This research includes literature research, because the research was conducted to find, analyze, make interpretations and generalizations from the facts of the thoughts and ideas written by Musa Asy'arie regarding the character of an entrepreneur. This research is descriptive qualitative with a secondary data analysis approach. The results of this study indicate that there are nine ideal characteristics of an entrepreneur. The conclusion from these various characteristics is that an entrepreneur is also a thinker by nature. The results of the thought process must better understand the essence and existence of an entrepreneur, be able to create creative solutions in problem solving and stand the test. That is, for an entrepreneur profit is not always the main orientation, because this is the result of the effect created. This effect must be based on the essence and existence of an entrepreneur as a goal of worship in their entrepreneurial dimension. This study can be used as a formal reference or reference in the academic realm in the field of entrepreneurship
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PAVLENKO, O. "THE ESSENCE OF COMMON METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 78 (December 29, 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2021.78.249852.
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Today, knowledge of foreign languages is required to avoid barriers to communication between people around the world. Thus, learning foreign languages is relevant at almost any age.The purpose of this article is to consider the generally accepted methods and determine the effectiveness of each of them during training. To achieve fluency in a foreign language, it is necessary to divide foreign language communicative competence into a number of components and develop them both individually and in combination. Each of the models is a separate and independent method that can be used to improve certain components of foreign language communicative competence. The main components include: the development of speech, writing, reading, and the study of vocabulary. There is no single approach in the scientific literature to determine the structure of foreign language communicative competence, as the general form of this competence can be presented in a set of components such as linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic competence. Therefore, it is not possible to dwell on a specific method as ideal for the formation of competence, as each of them has its disadvantages and advantages. The formation of foreign language communicative competence requires a long and careful study of the material offered by a teacher who uses a certain method.
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Burmistrov, Sergey L. "The Concept of Abhisamaya in Indian Mahāyāna Philosophy." Study of Religion, no. 4 (2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.4.19-29.
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Buddhist term abhisamaya is usually translated as insight or direct intuitive realization. Hināyāna texts treat it as a synonym for other terms de-noting the realization of the essence of Buddhist teaching. In Mahāyāna treatises it is interpreted as an intuitive recognition of the fact of the verity of Buddhist teaching before the logical realization of the basis of this verity. This recognition is the support for further logical comprehension of the essence of Buddhist teaching. It necessarily entail radical transformation of the person according to the moral principles of Buddhism. Therefore the knowledge acquired through this intuitive realization, unlike mundane knowledge, can never be lost. The question as to whether this abhisamaya gives the knowledge of entire Buddhist teaching or just its different parts that must be comprehended in a given stage of the Buddhist path was given different answers by Mahāyāna thinkers, but common idea was that this path is divided into stages and prelogical recognition is necessarily precedes logical com-prehension. The highest form of this intuitive realization is the realization of the bodhisattva ideal – the ideal of a person who refuses to be absorbed in nirvāṇa for salvation other sentient beings from saṃsāra. The acceptance of this ideal was treated in Mahāyāna as a necessary prerequisite for any intuitive realization of Buddhist Dharma
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Wang, Qian, Mingli Qin, and Linlin Xu. "The Influence of the Traditional Chinese Technological Ideal on the Development of Modern Technology." Cultures of Science 2, no. 3 (September 2019): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/209660831900200305.
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The traditional Chinese technological ideal focuses on harmonious relationships among humans; between humans and nature, society and tools; and between the body and the mind in technological activities. These basic characteristics contributed to technological innovations and progress in the era of the natural economy, but, to some extent, they hindered the transformation of technology from the traditional to the modern mode and the progress of modern technology in China. It is necessary to understand the essence of the traditional Chinese technological ideal to reflect on and eliminate its historical limitations, and to better coordinate the relationship between technological development and social life to benefit human survival and prosperity.
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Lysenko, Nelly. "Educational Ideal of Ukrainian Ethnopedagogies: Carpathian Vector." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.153-159.
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Educational ideal, methods, forms and means of folk-educational influence on itsformation, starting from the first years of baby’s life are topical problems for researchers. The mainelement is an aim. The aim is an ideal image of the expecting result which is regarded as a guidefor the educational activity of a certain ethnic community. The content of the notion of educationalideal is the imagery about the most important qualities of a personality, their manners, culture ofrelationship in the society, behavior.Ukrainian mentality is practicality, rationality, generosity, intellect in general. It is fullyreflected in the pedagogical aim. At the same time mental means spiritual. That is something inthoughts and intents of a person. It is important to emphasize that Ukrainian ethos was formed onthe basis of several groups, not only having formed a nation, but also having synthesized thetemperament, traditions and customs, clothes and everyday life, culture in general. Hutsul, Boyko,Lemko (121 ethnic groups all together) differ by the uniqueness of the appearance. At the sametime their internal essence, that is educational ideal, world view, ethic morals, are unchangeable.Educational ideal is historically determined. Esthetic strategies, formation of creativity,development of the abilities by the means of folk crafts and trades, upbringing of a host piercethrough the educational ideal of nowadays Ukrainians. The people aim to bring up their childrenas true citizens: good kids mean quiet old age, while with evil children old age becomes a hell.Thus, the educational ideal of the Ukrainians should be considered as a basis for moderneducational technologies projection.
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Burmistrov, S. L. "Dialectics in early Yogācāra and bodhisattva ideal." Orientalistica 3, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 713–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/26187043-2020-3-3-713-732.
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The article covers several aspects of Buddhist dialectics, as recorded in the last section of the “Abhidharma Compendium” (Abhidharma-samuccaya). It was compiled by Asanga (4th cent. AD) who was one of the founders of the Mahayana Buddhist school of Yogacara. Based on the Sanskrit text, the author gives a detailed account of Asanga's perception of the phenomenon of dialectics. He highlights the aspects as follows: the doctrine of reasoning methods, which provide the student with true knowledge, and the evidence of the reliability of this knowledge. The first part of dialectics comprises the essence of Buddhist teachings, which according to Asanga sees in the idea of three natures - the imagined, the dependent and the absolute (parikalpita, paratantra, pariniṣpanna) one. The second part covers the principles of rhetorics and the argumentation theory. Common principles lying in the basis of Buddhist rhetoric are determined by the bodhisattva ideal, or the ideal of an enlightened person who rises above the difference between samsara and nirvana, thus achieving the force to save other sentient beings from the ocean of saṃsāra. The author also points to the paradox that is immanent in Buddhist rhetoric: a preacher must show the emptiness of any conceptual construction by using the same constructions to enable the audience to get through them and to reach the non-conceptual reality. The article is an original study on the history of ancient and medieval Indian philosophy and rhetoric and will be of interest to everyone who deals with this problem.
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Syahrin, Alfi. "THE POLYGAMY ESSENCE ACCORDING TO QURAISH SHIHAB “Reject prejudice, eliminate confusion”." Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari'ah dan Masyarakat 21, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v21i1.8489.
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This journal discussed Quraish Shihab's thoughts about the true essence of polygamy, where Quraish Shihab considers that many groups who misinterpreted and misunderstand polygamy so that he pours his thoughts on polygamy in neutral glasses, it means he is not supporting or rejecting polygamy. By using Descriptive-qualitative approach, the researcher can describe the characteristics of the population or a phenomena in his research to measure the phenomenon of a reality with ideal parameters, in other words the reality of polygamy that occurs in a society is measured by polygamy theories in accordance with Islamic shari'a. Quraish Shihab explained in detail about the meaning, caused, requisite, and also offers the criteria of women who can be polygamous so it can being concluded that polygamy is an emergency door in the aircraft that can be opened during emergencies and follow the interruption of the aircraft crew, this door should not be closed nor should it will be opened under normal circumstances.
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Komleva, V. V. "Country Communication Regime as a Socio-Political Phenomenon." Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53658/rw2021-1-1-13-26.
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The article examines a new scientific category of communication regime, analyses its scope, socio-political significance and features. The author describes communication regime as a controlled (with varying degree of controllability), institutionalized (with varying degree of institutionalization), conventional (with varying degree of conventionality) system of norms, rules, principles, traditions, structures, and actors that regulates information and communication processes. The immanent components of the communication regimes are communications (the process and the result of establishing two- or multilateral contacts) and information (the messages transmitted in the process of communication or in a one-way, unidirectional process of informing). The social essence of the communication regime lies in the ordering of communication and information, and the political essence in ensuring the reproduction of the current government, which together allows the system to preserve itself. The social essence of the communication regime lies in the harmonisation of communication and information, the political essence is in ensuring the reproduction of the current government, which in aggregate allows the system to preserve itself. The construction of communication regimes occurs by: (1) institutionalizing the ideas of the subjects of power about the ideal model of organizing information and communication processes in society; (2) consociations regarding the historically established norms and traditions of communication; (3) taking into account the interests of large and significant social groups; (4) adaptation of the current regime to new communication practices. Communication modes have complex subject-object relationships in which objects can become subjects and change the current regime. The author reveals the paradoxes and contradictions of communication modes, the underestimation of which can lead to social and political destabilization. A model for a comprehensive analysis of country communication regimes is proposed, developed by the author under the influence of systemic, institutional approaches, the ideas of constructivists, and taking into account the possibilities of the empirical level of research, fixation and pooling of scientific facts.
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Berg, Kenneth. "Selvisk, uselvisk, Scheler, Løgstrup." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 82, no. 3-4 (August 17, 2020): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v82i3-4.121703.
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It is often thought that the mark of the moral is unselfishness. It is also often said that Jesus preached an ideal of unselfishness so high as to be unfulfillable. The German philosopher Max Scheler disagreed on both counts. The idea that to be moral is to be unselfish is a modern idea, he says. It evolved with the idea that human beings are naturally selfish. Both ideas are wrong: unselfishness is not the essence of goodness, nor are human beings selfish by nature. This article discusses his arguments. It also briefly discusses the ideas of K.E. Løgstrup, who first introduced Scheler’s thought in Denmark. It is argued that Løgstrup’s thinking reflects that of Scheler, except that Løgstrup continued to revere the so-called “ethical demand” beyond what would be warranted in an ethical system like Scheler’s.
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Gao, Qian, and Zengyun Jian. "Predicting the Thermodynamic Ideal Glass Transition Temperature in Glass-Forming Liquids." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092151.
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The Kauzmann temperature TK is a lower limit of glass transition temperature, and is known as the ideal thermodynamic glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid will condense into glass before TK. Studying the ideal glass transition temperature is beneficial to understanding the essence of glass transition in glass-forming liquids. The Kauzmann temperature TK values are predicted in 38 kinds of glass-forming liquids. In order to acquire the accurate predicted TK by using a new deduced equation, we obtained the best fitting parameters of the deduced equation with the high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.966). In addition, the coefficients of two reported relations are replaced by the best fitting parameters to obtain the accurate predicted TK, which makes the R2 values increase from 0.685 and 0.861 to 0.970 and 0.969, respectively. Three relations with the best fitting parameters are applied to obtain the accurate predicted TK values.
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Zakharov, M. Yu. "The social ideal of “Datong”: ancient China social utopia, or modern foresight project." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-1-164-168.
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The subject of the study are features of the Chinese social ideal Datong and national specificity of its transformation into a modern Foresight project. To this end, universal characteristics of the ideal, common ground and differences of Datong existence historical forms – social ideal, social utopia, science fiction product have been considered in the article. Special attention has been paid to the understanding of the “Great Unity” concept as the very essence, indispensable element, basis for the development of the ideal Chinese society, ensuring its integrity and requiring a number of fundamental steps on the national level for its practical implementation. To solve modern grand socio-economic tasks, China needs not only a human being with a more perfect nature and good historical memory, but also the society potential in which all heterogeneous forces will be harmonically united. The results of the study extend the field of knowledge about Chinese culture for Russian audience.
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Liu, Xiao Yu, Xiao Tong Xu, and Zhan Chao Zhao. "Behaviors of Masonry Building with Frame Structure in Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1473.
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Masonry building with frame structure (hereinafter referred to as MBFS), rigid upper and flexible lower, is a special kind of structure appropriate for Chinese economic conditions in current years. Although this kind of structure is proven unstable in earthquake, its significant functional advantages and economic competitiveness make it popular in roadside buildings in small cities. In recent years, MBFS damaged seriously in earthquakes. This paper expounds different models and reasons of seismic damage of this kind of structures. This paper also discusses measures to reduce seismic damage of such structure. In the end, this paper proposes an ideal failure model of MBFS after analyzing the essence of damage. The ideals in this paper can help engineers reducing the seismic damage of MBFS as much as possible.
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Kuryliak, Valentyna. "PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF JOHN HARVEY KELLOGG IN RELATION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 34(6) (June 12, 2021): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.34(6)-7.
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Examining the ideas of the Living Temple, it was found that it contains a description of the principles of health according to which it is necessary to take care of the human body. According to Kellogg, the stated principles of health care are in harmony with the laws of nature and the Bible. The title of the book reflects the core and essence of Kellogg's philosophy, which calls the human body a "living temple." Kellogg based this concept on the words of the Apostle Paul: "Your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit" (1 Corinthians 6:19). Kellogg was convinced that a man living in a civilized environment had departed far from the divine ideal that was originally proposed for the comfortable life of man.
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Opiela-Mrozik, Anna. "Mallarmé, Valéry et le silence (dés)incarné." Quêtes littéraires, no. 7 (December 30, 2017): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ql.160.
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This article analyses the essence and roles of silence in the œuvres of Mallarmé and Valéry. The Mallarmé’s musicality gradually gives way to the silent music of words; poetry is becoming spatial and takes the form of the music score. In the poem Coup de dés it gets up to the incarnation of silence which shows the ideal of the Mallarmé’s musicality; the ideal in which an eye serves to listen. The theme of music and silence reappears in the Valery’s œuvre. In spite of the connection between music and architecture, which can incarnate silence, poetry uses the subjectivism of music and the ambiguity of silence to achieve the ideal of pure art which is hidden in the artist’s interior. Silence as nothingness is the starting point for poetry whereas non-incarnated silence can express the mystical sense of poetry.
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Kazakov, E. F., and V. I. Krasikov. "HISTORY AS A WAY TO THE IDEAL." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-1-18-23.
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The article examines the role of the social ideal in history according to the evolution of the Perfect Person image. The Ideal is understood as the image of the appropriate that allows one to assess the things in existence and direction of its development. The pursuit of the Ideal, the essential intention of the person required for their incarnation is one of the driving forces of history. Every historical period constructs its own image of a perfect person and strives to get closer to this image. Ideas about the Perfect Man have been shaped throughout the whole human history, which reflects the permanent dissatisfaction that is inherent to human – dissatisfaction with himself and the world around, the lack of implementation of the essence in their existence, intention to gain their own deepest identity. The first Perfect Man was a Beast. In the prehistoric period it was the Outer Beast that had to be conquered, whereas in antiquity it was the Inner Beast. That was when the first identity crisis arose as a result of inadequate self-esteem ("man as the measure of all things"). The Perfect Man of the Middle Ages was God. The Beast now belonged to the inaccessible past, while God was in the unattainable eternal. This was the second identity crisis. In modern times the Perfect Man becomes a Man. The concept of perfection (as a real possibility) within a man becomes domineering. However, depriving a Man of metaphysics leads to the third identity crisis. In modern times the Perfect Man, increasingly, appears to be a Machine as a man devoid of human weaknesses with heightened human qualities. The analogy between human and machine leads to the fourth identity crisis. The New Perfect Man will be a man as a unique result of the development of all human culture, the synthesis of the unique and the universal.
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MENN, STEPHEN. "AL-FĀRĀBĪ'S KITĀB AL-ḤURŪF AND HIS ANALYSIS OF THE SENSES OF BEING." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 18, no. 1 (March 2008): 59–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423908000477.
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Al-Fārābī, in the Kitāb al-Ḥurūf, is apparently the first person to maintain that existence, in one of its senses, is a second-order concept [ma‘qūl thānī]. As he interprets Metaphysics Δ7, ‘‘being'' [mawjūd] has two meanings, second-order ‘‘being as truth'' (including existence as well as propositional truth), and first-order ‘‘being as divided into the categories.'' The paronymous form of the Arabic word ‘‘mawjūd'' suggests that things exist through some existence [wujūd] distinct from their essences: for al-Kindī, God is such a wujūd of all things. Against this, al-Fārābī argues that existence as divided into the categories is real but identical with the essence of the existing thing, and that existence as truth is extrinsic to the essence but non-real (being merely the fact that some concept is instantiated). The Ḥurūf tries to reconstruct the logical syntax of syncategorematic or transcendental concepts such as being, which are often expressed in misleading grammatical forms. Al-Fārābī thinks that Greek more appropriately expressed many such concepts, including being, by particles rather than nouns or verbs; he takes Metaphysics Δ to be discussing the meanings of such particles (comparable to the logical constants of an ideal language), and he takes these concepts to demarcate the domain of metaphysics. This explains how al-Fārābī's title can mean both ‘‘Book of Particles'' and ‘‘Aristotle's Metaphysics.''
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PETRENKO, L. "THE ESSENCE OF THE SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH IN THE PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS OF H. VASCHENKO." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 30 (December 28, 2022): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2022.30.270664.
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The conducted study of the complex of scientific works made it possible to conclude that in the formation of spiritual and moral traditions among young people, H. Vashchenko assigned a great role to the Christian faith. H. Vashchenko saw service to God and society as a way of personal movement to mastering the best traits embodied by the national educational ideal - this is the goal of educating Ukrainian youth. Based on the set goal, we formulate the task of spiritual and moral education of the individual as the awareness of spiritual and moral values and the formation of the best moral norms that direct the activity of the individual to a high goal: truthfulness, restraint, a sense of moral obligation, discipline and organization, honesty and principles, cheerfulness and vivacity, diligence, sexual abstinence, respect for parents and elders. Based on the views of the scientist regarding the definition of the goal of education as the main issue of pedagogy, it is understood as the directing of mental, spiritual, moral qualities to master the best examples of the educational ideal, then they determine the content of the educational process, its form, the organization of children's lives.
Therefore, we can confidently state that summarizing the task of clarifying the place of spirituality and morality as the basis of national views in the work of H. Vashchenko, we come to the conclusion that the basis of pedagogical views is: 1) his pedagogical concept of spiritual and moral upbringing and education of Ukrainian youth; 2) he considers Christianity, its spiritual values, moral norms and cultural achievements to be the fundamental factor of Ukrainian spirituality and morality, the main and powerful educational force of influence on Ukrainian youth, the Ukrainian people in general; the main source of spirituality is faith in God; 3) the Ukrainian educational ideal, cemented by the national idea, which is strategic in the national system of education and upbringing of youth, contains spiritual and moral constants; 4) the national idea must be clearly formulated and play the role of a consolidating, unifying force for the nation in the name of «serving some high idea: the Motherland, truth, beauty»; 5) the core of the concept of spiritual and moral education is the focus of the educational process on realizing the human need to achieve perfection, the Ukrainian educational ideal as a paragon; as a phenomenon of social consciousness, the national idea should be based on universal, national values: national consciousness, national dignity, national traditions, customs, beliefs.
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Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit, and Anirban Chatterjee. "Realizing interactions between dark matter and dark energy using k-essence cosmology." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 27 (September 6, 2019): 1950219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319502195.
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In this paper, we exploit dynamics of a [Formula: see text]-essence scalar field to realize interactions between dark components of universe resulting in an evolution consistent with observed features of late-time phase of cosmic evolution. Stress–energy tensor corresponding to a [Formula: see text]-essence Lagrangian [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text]) is shown to be equivalent to an ideal fluid with two components having same equation of state. Stress–energy tensor of one of the components may be generated from a constant potential [Formula: see text]-essence Lagrangian of form [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] constant) and that of other from another Lagrangian of form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. We have shown that the unified dynamics of dark matter and dark energy described by a single scalar field [Formula: see text] driven by a [Formula: see text]-essence Lagrangian [Formula: see text] may be viewed in terms of diffusive interactions between the two hypothetical fluid components “1” and “2” with stress–energy tensors equivalent to that of Lagrangians [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The energy transfer between the fluid components is determined by functions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and their derivatives. Such a realization is shown to be consistent with the Supernova Ia data with certain constraints on the temporal behavior of [Formula: see text]-essence potential [Formula: see text]. We have described a methodology to obtain such constraints.
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Lez’er, Victoria, Nina Semeryanova, and Elena Grigorovich. "Clarification and analysis of the concept of “legal reality”." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 04061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913504061.
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The relevance of the study is determined by fundamentally different approaches to understanding the essence of legal reality, which creates practical issues of law enforcement. Legal reality is considered in the context of cultural interpretation of law, its role in the legal being of civil society is determined. The analysis of scientists’ worldviews on the problem of the category of “legal reality” allowed the authors to generalize global approaches and define this category as a special kind of being the kind of ideal being; its essence lies in the obligation, and this sphere constitutes the world of man as a person and the world of culture in general. This “being” has a semantic structure. The meanings of law are expressed in mental attitudes, ideas and theories, in the symbolic form of norms and institutions, in human actions and relationships, i.e. in various manifestations of legal reality. However, taking into account the rootedness of law in culture, one can say that the way of the existence of meanings is very multifaceted. According to the authors, clarification of the concept of “legal reality” is necessary to improve legal practice. The leading research approach includes such scientific methods as dialectics, analysis, synthesis, deduction and the formal legal method.
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Gardner, Susan T. "Complexity, Dialogue, and Democracy: The Educational Implications." Journal of Didactics of Philosophy 6, no. 1 (September 14, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/jdph.2022.9866.
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There is an unacknowledged disagreement on what kind of dialogue best supports democracy. Many view democracy as analogous to a law court and so view “democratic dialogue” as a contest between competing advocates who have acquired the kind of “steel trap” critical thinking skills that are ideal for winning in the external marketplace of ideas. Others assume that the propensity to seriously reflect on opposing viewpoints within the minds of individuals is ideal for democratic maintenance. It will be argued here that our love affair with “critical thinking” that tends to support an external battle of ideas harms democracy. It will be argued that the complexity of our common humanity, the complexity of our form of governance, the complexity of the approaches needed to face wicked problems, and the complexity of the internal engine of personal development requires that we learn to readily engage in open truth-seeking dialogue with those who hold opposing viewpoints and in so doing, enhance the dimensionality through which we view the world. With regard to the educational implications, this suggests that, since engaging in dialogue across difference is the essence of the pedagogical framework that anchors Philosophy for Children, Philosophy for Children ought to be embraced as an essential component of any educational enterprise that views cultivating democratic citizenship as part of its mandate.
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Lavrinenko, Oleksandr. "THE IDEA OF AN «IDEAL TEACHER» IN THE LIFE AND CREATIVITY OF THE ACADEMICIAN I. A. ZIAZIUN (1938-2014)." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 17 (March 9, 2018): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2018.17.176283.
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The article deals with the scientific approaches of the outstanding Ukrainian educator, philosopher, organizer of pedagogical education I. A. Ziaziun (1938-2014) on the essence and content of the «ideal teacher» training; the academic work of the scientist in the domain of author’s ideas about the formation of the future teachers personality in the system of professional training, the development of leading universal values, humanistic principles of education and upbringing have been analyzed. Creative approaches to the formation of a high level of pedagogical activity-action – a dominant component of pedagogical skills have been elaborated.The scientific-theoretical approaches of I. A. Ziaziun to consideration the preparation specifics of an «ideal teacher» at pedagogical institutions of education, the formation of leading values, which should become a pledge of professional and pedagogical activities have been revealed.I. A. Ziaziun’s beliefs that an «ideal teacher» should be picked up from the school desk have been distinguished. «Ideal teacher» is first and foremost a person who provides a high level of communicative interaction, because all problems of learning and education are associated with ineffective communication, which is based on the lack of trust in the creative ability of the student’s personality and disrespect for his personality spontaneity motivated search for interest and meanings. It has been determined that the specificity of the «Ideal Teacher» personality as a subject of pedagogical action, according to I. A. Ziaziun consists of his personal qualities, experience, appearance, manners, behavior.It is proved that humanistic orientation of the teacher’s personality influence on the student’s behavior for the purpose of his subsequent change. Teacher’s actions are subordinated to the real interests of the individual. In this sense, the humanist orientation fully corresponds to the main tasks of personality-oriented pedagogy – to help a person in determining the relation to himself, other people, the world around him and his professional activities.As an unsurpassed aesthete and theorist of pedagogical skill, I. A. Ziaziun defended the most up-to-date value of teacher profession – the beauty of pedagogical action. The scientist convinced that the basis of human life is a feeling. Teachers, regardless of specialty, should be saturated with positive feelings of the environment of their students.
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Ślipko, Tadeusz. "Czym są i gdzie bytują obiektywne wartości moralne." Etyka 30 (December 1, 1997): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.645.
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The answer is given here to the question about the place where moral values exist. It is based on the Augustinian and Thomist ethical tradition. The author defines moral values as the ideal patterns of human moral behaviour. Their objective existence is founded in the rational human nature treated in the metaphysical categories. Finally, author situates moral values in the sphere of the relative beings. Their essence consists in “being toward” (esse ad).