Relevant bibliographies by topics / Idea of soul

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Idea of soul'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Idea of soul"

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Modrak, Deborah K. W. "Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul." Ancient Philosophy 20, no. 1 (2000): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil200020128.

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SAMURA, Ryuei. "The Japanese Idea of the Soul." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 40, no. 2 (1992): 823–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.40.823.

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Corcoran, Elizabeth. "Soul of a New Economic Idea?" Scientific American 268, no. 2 (February 1993): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0293-109.

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Fields, Karen E. "Durkheim and the idea of soul." Theory and Society 25, no. 2 (April 1996): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00161140.

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Kraus, Katharina T. "The soul as the ‘guiding idea’ of psychology: Kant on scientific psychology, systematicity, and the idea of the soul." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 71 (October 2018): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.11.010.

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Münchow, Thies. "Democracy and the Soul of Politics." Disputatio philosophica 20, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32701/dp.20.1.1.

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In accord with Jean–Luc Nancy and Alain Badiou the article argues for an understanding of the idea of democracy as a “truth procedure” that is instigated by the event of the encounter of at least two persons or peoples. When Nancy states that democracy is “spirit,” “breath,” and “sense” he implicitly links democracy to the idea of the soul. As life principle of the human being the soul instigates a truth procedure which brings humanity into being as an idea that exceeds any concept of citizenship bound to a state or nation. In association with both Giorgio Agamben’s reading of Karl Marx and Jacques Rancière’s concept of politics the article concludes with the statement that the idea of democracy refers to the soul of politics which is the idea of humanity.
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Milbank, John. "The Politics of the Soul." Open Insight 6, no. 9 (January 1, 2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23924/oi.v6n9a2015.pp91-108.127.

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En este artículo se desarrolla la idea de una “política del alma”, en contraste con la política liberal y neo-liberal. En primer lugar, se explica el concepto de “alma” y su enraizamiento en Platón y Aristóteles. En segundo lugar, se argumenta a favor de la idea de que el liberalismo moderno termina por contradecir sus propios términos y negar la libertad al separar la naturaleza de la cultura. Por último, el autor recupera la idea de ecclesia para mostrar cómo es posible considerar la comunidad y el intercambio de bienes como la base de una nueva sociedad.
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Proskurina, A. V. "The Concept of Body and Soul in the Old English Tradition." Critique and Semiotics 38, no. 2 (2020): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-237-255.

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The author examines the 10 th century ancient English poem Soul and Body through the prism of the soul, spirit and body in the Old English tradition, which has survived in two versions. The first, which was part of the poetry book Exeter Book, is a short version of the conversion of the unfortunate soul to the flesh. The second version is an expanded version of the poem, listed in the Vercelli Book along with Christian sermons and poems, also represents the con- version of the tormented soul to the flesh, as well as a monologue of the saved soul. However, unfortunately, the speech of the redeemed soul was not fully preserved due to damage to the Vercelli Book collection. This article provides an author's translation of the second version of the poem. The article focuses on the dualism of René Descartes. Thus, an extended version of the Old English poem Soul and Body precedes the dualism of René Descartes, whose main ideas are the duality of the ideal and the material, the independence of the soul and body. The philosophy of René Descartes is to accept a common source – God as the creator who forms these two independent principles that we find in this poem. The spirit, as shown in the work, is the divine principle in man, created in the image and likeness of God, and appears as the highest part of the soul, and the soul, in turn, is the immortal spiritual principle. In the framework of the Judeo- Christian culture, a central doctrine of the presence of the soul arose, suggesting the elevation of man over all other living beings due to the presence of it. According to religious ideology, a person’s position in the dolly and mountain worlds directly depends on the purity of the believer’s soul, on his refusal from sinful thoughts and deeds. As soon as the Judeo-Christian teaching is fixed as the main religion, a person endowed with a soul is considered as the only ration- al creature created in the image and likeness of God. The existence of the soul is not limited only to the Judeo-Christian idea of the world around us, for example, the Quran also contains the idea of the unity of man and soul, and, undoubtedly, the soul of a righteous Muslim ascends to heaven after death.
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Kompaniec, L. "The etymological reconstruction of the concept of "reincarnation"." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 67 (May 28, 2013): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.67.315.

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The idea of ​​reincarnation, the belief in the possibility of reincarnation is now one of the most interesting topics. She increasingly attracts the attention of philosophical, religious, and above all scientific thought. It is difficult not to agree with the depth of the circle of existential issues that it covers, because it is a whole range of problems of human existence: despair, life and death, hope, immortality of the soul. As a result, on the basis of attempts to follow the ways of their solution, vital projects of cultures, valuable landmarks are lined up. In the scale of religious values, the idea of ​​immortality of the soul is in higher hierarchical layers as a goal and an ideal, a condition for the achievement of the otherworldly, kingdom of God. In the context of this gradation, the phenomenon of reincarnation, as containing the idea of ​​eternal existence of the soul, has a value aspect, succinctly fits into the hypothetical problem of human immortality and, in our opinion, requires more in-depth study.
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Tatarskaya, D. A. "Idea of the Soul in the Japanese and Russian Lingvocultures." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(30) (June 28, 2013): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-3-30-235-236.

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The article is devoted to the comparison of Japanese and Russian idea of soul. It touches upon the subject of the place of this concept in the system of values of Japanese and Russian. The author gives a number of arguments for the fact that there is some similarity between Japanese and Russian views on the soul.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Idea of soul"

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Stewart, Brendon F., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Social Inquiry. "It ain't where you're from, it's where you're at." THESIS_FSI_XXX_Stewart_B.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/250.

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The focus of this thesis is to emphasise the lived experience of being a migrant, and of living in a multicultural society, and to acknowledge the multi-dimensionality of these experiences. The author conducted interviews with people from ethno-specific community groups in the Sydney suburb of Auburn. These interviews explored the physical, emotional and spiritual aspect of coming to terms with a changing sense of what is home and what is foreign. The tenor of the thesis is strongly optimistic and explores the social ecology of multiculturalism in Australia in the late 1990's, using Auburn, with its strong immigrant population and large Turkish community, as a case study. The contributions by the people of Auburn are woven through the thesis as voices in their own right, rather than as quotations for a line of argument. Social ecology, as a project, works to open up dimensions of awareness and to acknowledge complexity by addressing the physical and sensory levels of individual experience as well as the broader political and social contexts which frame people's lives. The thesis acknowledges that the success of contemporary Australian multiculturalism has something to do with the broad based policies that implement this social phenomenon. More importantly, multiculturalism succeeds because it has become the culture scape in which the soul of the community wanders. This thesis acknowledges that there is something intellectually difficult about the word soul, but there is an ecological value in James Hillman's idea of the soul as not an elevated idea but rather one 'down in the earth'; soul in this sense is about place, finding and taking root in a new place.
Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
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Gaudemard, Lynda. "Concevoir et imaginer : Imagination, Idée, et Intelligibilité du Dualisme chez Descartes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3043.

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Il s'agit dans cette thèse d'explorer la question du dualisme substantiel et sa relation avec l'union chez Descartes en choisissant comme angle d'attaque le rapport entre imagination et idée. Si, comme l'ont soutenu de nombreux commentateurs, l'imagination a été écartée par Descartes dès 1630 et surtout à partir de 1637 parce qu'il lui importait de démontrer la distinction réelle de l'âme et du corps et de fonder cette démonstration sur l'existence de Dieu, alors la théorie des idées qu'il développe dans ce contexte, devrait être déterminée indépendamment de la notion d'imagination. Nous montrons que les notions d'imagination et d'image servent à constituer sa théorie des idées, ce qui indique que cette faculté occupe toujours pour lui une place importante dans sa théorie de la connaissance et qu'elle n'est en aucun cas exclue de sa métaphysique. Comment concilier cette position épistémologique avec la thèse de la distinction réelle? Nous avons reconsidéré le statut ontologique de l'imagination, conçue comme un mode de la substance pensante mais exclue de l'essence de celle-ci. Cette distinction modale est cruciale pour ne pas interpréter la distinction réelle esprit/corps comme un dualisme dur. Car si une propriété est un mode, elle ne peut être exclue de l'essence de la substance dont elle est le mode. Nous concluons que l'imagination est en réalité exclue de l'essence de l'âme purement intellectuelle mais non de l'essence de l'âme humaine et qu'il n'y a de distinction réelle qu'entre l'âme pure et le corps
This doctoral dissertation concerns the substantial Cartesian dualism and its relation with union in the light of the link between imagination and ideas. If imagination was removed since 1630 and 1637, as a lot of commentators argued, because Descartes wanted to demonstrate the real distinction between body and soul, and found his demonstration on the existence of God, then his theory of ideas should be constituted independently of the notion of imagination. We argue that the notions of imagination and image help to establish this theory: this shows that imagination is still important in Descartes' theory of knowledge and that it is not excluded from his Metaphysics. How to conciliate this epistemological position with real distinction thesis? We reconsidered the ontological status of imagination as a mode of a thinking substance but excluded from the essence of this substance. This modal distinction is crucial in order not to misinterpret the real distinction between soul and body, seen not only as a hard dualism. Yet, if a property is a mode, it cannot be excluded from the essence of the substance of which it is the mode. We conclude that imagination is removed from the essence of a purely intellectual soul but not from human soul and that there is only a real distinction between pure soul and body. Imagination reinforces the intelligibility of dualism since it serves to understand why the real distinction between soul and body is compatible with their substantial union
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Silva, André Luiz Braga da. "Platão, o Bem, e a fragilidade da jangada humana: um estudo sobre o símile do Sol da República." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-18072017-160906/.

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A tese é uma análise interpretativa do trecho conhecido como símile do Sol na obra República de Platão (508b-509b). Esta análise tem por base dois vieses: i) aquele das questões de relação entre autor e seus personagens, e das questões da relação dos personagens com o próprio drama vigente no diálogo; e ii) aquele das questões relativas à argumentação metafísica apresentada nesta parte do debate, seja quanto aos seus conteúdos, seja quanto aos métodos nela empregados. Estas duas perspectivas de abordagem do símile são atravessadas tendo como fio condutor da exegese o elemento dramático que o próprio autor Platão fez questão que se seguisse à exposição de Sócrates da analogia solar: a reação do personagem Glauco, sobretudo a seguinte passagem: E Glauco muito humorosamente falou: Ah, Apolo, mas que exagero extraordinário! (República VI 509c1-2). O símile do Sol assim é analisado segundo os seus possíveis aspectos de autoria, drama, comicidade e religiosidade, de um lado, e, do outro, segundo os aspectos de sua relação com alguns pontos filosóficos apresentados pelo próprio personagem Sócrates platônico no diálogo e alhures, como a assim chamada Teoria das Ideias, o chamado caminho mais longo, e alguns aludidos métodos de investigação. A partir disso, o presente estudo pretende discutir com, e lançar dúvidas sobre, algumas posições que a tradição da filosofia ocidental construiu nos séculos XX e XXI a respeito da Ideia de Bem dentro do texto da República.
This thesis is an interpretative analysis of the analogy known as simile of the Sun in Plato\'s Republic(508b-509b). The analysis is based on two perspectives: i) that of issues about relationship between author and his characters, and about relationship between the characters and own living drama in the dialogue; and ii) that of issues related to metaphysical argumentation presented in this part of work, whether about its contents or about its methods. In both these approach perspectives of the simile the exegesis\' leitmotiv is the dramatic element that author Plato himself decided put after Socrates\' exposition of analogy of sun: the reaction of character Glaucon, mainly this passage: And Glaucon very comically said: Oh, Apollo, what an extraordinary exaggeration! (RepublicVI 509c1-2). Therefore simile of Sun is analyzed according to its possible features of authorship, drama, comicality and religiosity, on one hand, and, on the other, according to its features about relationship between it and some points made by character Socrates himself in the dialogue and elsewhere, as so called Theory of Ideas, so called longer way, and some alluded to methods of inquiry. With these bases, this study intends discuss with, and cast doubts on, some positions developed at XX and XXI centuries by Western Philosophy tradition about Idea of Good within Republic\'s text.
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LaPierre, Patrick. "The philosophic soul of reform : Herbert Croly's ideal of progressivism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40169.pdf.

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Stewart, Brendon F. "It ain't where you're from, it's where you're at." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.] : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/250.

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The focus of this thesis is to emphasise the lived experience of being a migrant, and of living in a multicultural society, and to acknowledge the multi-dimensionality of these experiences. The author conducted interviews with people from ethno-specific community groups in the Sydney suburb of Auburn. These interviews explored the physical, emotional and spiritual aspect of coming to terms with a changing sense of what is home and what is foreign. The tenor of the thesis is strongly optimistic and explores the social ecology of multiculturalism in Australia in the late 1990's, using Auburn, with its strong immigrant population and large Turkish community, as a case study. The contributions by the people of Auburn are woven through the thesis as voices in their own right, rather than as quotations for a line of argument. Social ecology, as a project, works to open up dimensions of awareness and to acknowledge complexity by addressing the physical and sensory levels of individual experience as well as the broader political and social contexts which frame people's lives. The thesis acknowledges that the success of contemporary Australian multiculturalism has something to do with the broad based policies that implement this social phenomenon. More importantly, multiculturalism succeeds because it has become the culture scape in which the soul of the community wanders. This thesis acknowledges that there is something intellectually difficult about the word soul, but there is an ecological value in James Hillman's idea of the soul as not an elevated idea but rather one 'down in the earth'; soul in this sense is about place, finding and taking root in a new place.
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Matcham, Emma Grace. "Identifying Soil and Terrain Attributes that Predict Changes in Local Ideal Seeding Rate for Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.]." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554475109598299.

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Rahmouni, Oubeid. "Investissement direct et sous-traitance internationale dans les pays du Sud : le cas de la Tunisie." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662538.

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Depuis le début des années 1980, l'ouverture de l'économie mondiale a conduit à une évolution rapide des flux d'IDE essentiellement vers les pays en voie de développement. Cette croissance est le résultat du changement structurel de l'activité économique vers la spécialisation verticale internationale. Ainsi, elle a fait émerger un nouveau principe d'analyse pour arbitrer entre l'IDE et la sous-traitance internationale.Notre travail s'intéresse au cas de la Tunisie et examine l'évolution des IDE entrants, essentiellement après la signature de l'accord de partenariat avec l'Union Européenne en 1995. Cet accord représente le point fort du processus d'ouverture de l'économie Tunisienne censé consolider les déterminants économiques traditionnels. Notre analyse empirique des flux entrants entre 1992 et 2008 pour l'ensemble des 58 pays originaires des investissements étrangers en Tunisie, montre que ces investissements se sont concentrés principalement dans le secteur énergétique et dans la branche des textiles et habillement. La principale motivation des investisseurs étrangers demeure la recherche d'une main d'œuvre bon marché, dans une logique de division internationale du travail. En outre, mis à part quelques opérations de privatisation générant des flux importants et concentrés dans la télécommunication et la cimenterie, le processus de libéralisation de l'activité économique n'a pas eu les effets escomptés sur les flux entrants d'IDE.
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Wickman, Martin. "Varför likadant överallt? : En studie av de ideal, visioner och idéer som påverkade utformandet av miljonprogramsområdet Ryd." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11599.

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I Sverige finns det en fysisk likhet som karakteriserar de större, medelstora och även i viss mån de mindre städerna. I dessa städer, med varierande omfattning och utsträckning, finns bostadsområden som på många sätt i sin utformning påminner om varandra. Något som har en huvudsaklig anledning i att dessa bostadsområden är sprungna ur det välkända politiska bostadsbyggnadsprogrammet, benämnt som miljonprogrammet, ifrån vilket nästan en fjärdedel av dagens bostadsbestånd har sitt ursprung. Studiens utgångspunkt är därmed att försöka se hur mycket ett enskilt utvalt exempel ifrån detta miljonprogrammets genomförande, stadsdelen Ryd i Linköping, egentligen kan sägs påverkades och styrdes av de ideal, visioner och idéer som kan sägas var utmärkande för de nationella statliga (SOU) utredningarna på området.

Studien avgränsar sig till flerfamiljshus, som var den mest utpräglade bebyggelsen under miljonprogrammet. Den valda metoden i bearbetandet av uppsatsen källmaterial, SOU-publikationer och lokala nämnd- och fullmäktigeprotokoll, är gjorde utifrån en kvalitativ ansats. Studien kommer även att ha en tillämpning av det teoretiska diskursbegreppet som en form av teoretiskt analysverktyg för att fånga tidstypiska ideal och strömmingar i källmaterialet. Bakgrundsdelen och forskningsläge beskriver i uppsatsen begrepp och denna tids olika ideal som präglar planerandet av bostadsområden och bostäder, då främst av begreppen funktionalism och grannskap. Bakgrundsdelen innehåller även en redogörelse för miljonprogrammet och olika perspektiv på dess allmänna historik och tillkomst. Forskningsläget består av två studier av Sophia Lövgren och Lina Lago som har likartade ansatser att urskilja på vilka sätt ett bostadsområde eventuellt kan påverkas och styras av ideal, visioner och idéer från olika nationella nivåer.

Studiens resultat pekar på att de nationella SOU-publikationerna på området i väldigt stor utsträckning påverkade och styrde de lokala myndigheterna i den övergripande utformningen av bostadsområdet Ryd. Genom dess uttalade ideal, visioner och idéer påverkades i hög grad planeringsprocessen och utformningen av bostadsområdet samt utformningen av bostäderna. SOU-publikationernas påverkan på Ryd kan tydligast ses igenom den rationella planerings- och byggprocessen samt genom områdets storskalighet och dess upprepande utformning. Det går även att spåra i dess tydliga funktionella prägel gällande olika former av service för de boende, som skola, vård och barnomsorg och även gällande dess tydliga utformade av planering och utbud av olika näringsverksamheter.

Det är bara beträffande några mindre aspekter som studien visar att utformningen frångår SOU-publikationernas ideal. Detta är gällande att området har en något lägre och inte så tät bebyggelse än idealet, att det gjordes vissa avkall på en funktionell trafiklösning genom en kapad matargata samt att tillgången till lokaler för föreningar och annan typ av bildande verksamhet nästintill inte fanns med i den planerade utformningen. Dessa SOU-publikationer kan enligt resultatet tydligt ses som det regelsystem som legitimerade vissa kunskaper och var styrande och hade befogenheten att uttala sig om vad som var felaktigt respektive rätt, i det som man kan kalla diskursen gällande bostadsbyggande för miljonprogrammet

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LEE, YOUNG CHAN. "L'ordre ideal et l'ordre social : coparaison sur l'ordre inegal entre la france du 19e siecle et la coree sous la dynastie yi (1392-1910)." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1003.

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Nous avons essaye de comparer deux societes, la societe francaise du 19e siecle de la societe coreenne sous la dynastie yi (1392-1910), au niveau de l'ideal ainsi que de la structure sociale. Nous avons focalise notre analyse sur l'ordre, plus precisement sur l'ordre hierarchique, qui est a la base de la constitution de chacun des niveaux de la societe. Nous avons travaille sur l'ideologie qui regit l'inegalite sociale et la stratification de la societe. Mais nous avons egalement tente de voir comment l'ordre ideal se realise a travers l'ordre social, dans les deux societes. L'analyse que nous avons menee nous conduit a dire qu'il existe une relation intime entre l'ordre ideal et l'ordre social. Nous pouvons caracteriser l'ordre liberal comme etant un ordre "opposant" avec une structure dichotomique et l'ordre neo-confuceen comme etant un ordre "relatif" avec la structure concentrique
In this study we have tried to compare two societies: the french society of the 19th century and the korean society under the yi donasty (1932-1910), from the ideal point of view as well as from the point of view of the social structure. Our analyses has been focalised on the order, especially on the hierarchical order, the basis of every level of the society. We have worked on the ideology that underlines social inequality and the stratification of the society. We have also endeavoured to see how the ideal order is realized through the social order in both societies. Our analysis enables us to state that there is an intimate relation between the ideal order and the social order. We could quality the liberal order as an "opposing" order with a dual structure and the neo-confucian order as a "relatice" order with a concentric structure
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Figueira, Adriana Fran?a. "Nemat?ides como indicadores de qualidade do solo em agroecossistemas no cerrado do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/310.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Adriana Franca Figueira.pdf: 537748 bytes, checksum: 017dd6e5f56c6004730e6d805ff5074b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Nematodes are possibly one of the oldest forms of existing life. They are microscopical animals and respond to changes in the environment. This work has the objective to extend the referring knowledge to the influences of the land use cover changes systems over the population of soil nematodes. One gives credit that the different systems of agricultural management and land cover act directly on the population of the nematodes. The study discussed in Chapter 1 was lead from an experiment of long term duration in the experimental field of the Embrapa Gado de Corte in Campo Grande MS. The evaluated treatments were: CD - original Cerrado forest, an area without disturbance for agriculture; PL - permanent pasture of B. decumbens implanted in December of 1993, joined with the mucunoides legumes with fertilization of biennial maintenance; SCV - area under continuous farming of soybean since 1993, with conventional management, without winter culture, SCS - area under continuous farming of soybean since 1993, conservacionist soil, with plantation of millet in the winter; SPD - area under continuous farming of soybean since 1993, without soil preparation, with direct plantation of the soybean with millet in the winter. Based on taxonomics characteristics and ecological parameters, the nematodes communities were analyzed in function of the total abundance, trophic function, standard of decomposition of the organic substance, diversity of Shannon, dominance of Simpson, equitability of Pielou and degree of disturbance. It was observed that there had been identified a total of 70 genus accumulated in the five studied. The genus most abundant was Helicotylenchus, Acrobeles, Eucephalobus, Cephalobus and Tylenchus. The systems CD and SCS presented the highest numbers of genus (S) of nematodes. The CD system showed the highest diversity of nematodes followed by SCS. The systems PL and SCV presented the highest values for the index of Simpson dominance, with the higher number of fitoparasitic nematodes. The system CD presented greater equitabilility of the genus of nematodes. The system CD had the highest index of maturity, followed by SCS and PL presented which showed the lowest index of maturity. The ratio of the trophic groups, dominated by fitoparasitics and bacterivores, was similar to the registered in the literature in pastures. The standard decomposition of the organic substance was differentiated in accordance with the land use cover change. The objective of the study in Chapter 2 was to evaluate the relation between the environment variables over the genus diversity and abundance of nematodes in different systems of soil management in Campo Grande - MS. This relation was evaluated with Canonic Analysis of Correspondence (CCA) in two samplings. The CCA was used to show the importance of the environmental variables in the explanation of the standard of occurrence of nematodes in the present study. It was observed that the CCA made possible the separation between the sampling systems and observed that system SPD presented greater correlations with variables such as humidity, Corg and FLL. The environmental variable that had presented greater correlation with the CD were P, FLL, FI and pH in 2004 winter samples. In 2005 summer, the diagram of the CCA presented a distinct configuration of the presented one in the first collection. The CCA was useful to organize and to analyze two complex scenarios used in this study. During both periods systems SCS and SPD had the biggest similarity with the functional groups. In the multivaried PRC was observed that it had great seasonal fluctuation in the composition of nematofauna in all the systems
Os nemat?ides s?o, possivelmente, uma das formas mais antigas de vida existente, s?o animais microsc?picos e respondem com rapidez ?s mudan?as no ambiente. Esse trabalho objetivou ampliar o conhecimento referente ?s influ?ncias dos sistemas de manejo e cobertura do solo na popula??o de nemat?ides do solo. Acredita-se que os diferentes sistemas de manejo agr?cola e coberturas vegetais atuem de forma vari?vel sobre a popula??o dos nemat?ides do solo. O estudo apresentado no Cap?tulo 1 foi conduzido a partir de um experimento de longa dura??o no campo experimental da Embrapa Gado de Corte em Campo Grande MS. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: CD - Mata original de cerrados, PL - Pastagem permanente de B. decumbens implantada em dezembro de 1993, consorciada com as leguminosas e mantida com aduba??o de manuten??o bianual, SCV - ?rea sob lavoura cont?nua de soja desde 1993, com preparo do solo convencional (uma ara??o e duas gradagens), sem cultura de inverno, SCS - ?rea sob lavoura cont?nua de soja desde 1993, preparo de solo conservacionista (uma ara??o e uma gradagem), com plantio de milheto no inverno, SPD - ?rea sob lavoura cont?nua de soja desde 1993, sem preparo de solo, com plantio direto da soja onde foi cultivado milheto no inverno. Baseando-se em caracter?sticas taxon?micas e par?metros ecol?gicos, as comunidades de nemat?ides foram analisadas em fun??o da abund?ncia total, fun??o tr?fica, padr?o de decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica, ?ndices de diversidade de Shannon, domin?ncia de Simpson, equitabilidade de Pielou e grau de dist?rbio. Analisando os resultados, observou-se que foi identificado um total de 70 g?neros acumulados nos cinco sistemas de manejo. Os g?neros mais abundantes foram Helicotylenchus , Acrobeles, Eucephalobus, Cephalobus e Tylenchus. Os sistemas CD e SCS apresentaram as maiores riquezas de g?neros (S) de nemat?ides. O sistema CD apresentou a maior diversidade de nemat?ides seguido do sistema SCS. Os sistemas PL e SCV apresentaram os maiores valores do ?ndice de domin?ncia de Simpson, com domin?ncia de nemat?ides fitoparasitas. O sistema CD apresentou maior equitabilidade dos g?neros de nemat?ides. O sistema CD apresentou o maior ?ndice de maturidade e o sistema PL apresentou o menor ?ndice de maturidade. A propor??o dos grupos tr?ficos, dominado por fitoparasitas e bacteri?fagos, foi semelhante ao registrado em literatura em sistemas de pastagens. O padr?o de decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica foi diferenciado de acordo com a cobertura do solo. O objetivo do estudo do Cap?tulo 2 foi avaliar a rela??o entre a composi??o de g?neros de nemat?ides e vari?veis ambientais em diferentes sistemas de manejo do. Para que esta rela??o fosse avaliada utilizou-se a An?lise de Correspond?ncia Can?nica (CCA) em duas ?pocas de coleta. A CCA foi utilizada para mostrar a import?ncia das vari?veis ambientais na explica??o do padr?o de ocorr?ncia de nemat?ides no presente estudo. Observou-se que a CCA possibilitou a separa??o entre os sistemas de manejo. O que o sistema SPD apresentou maiores correla??es com vari?veis ligadas ao maior aporte de mat?ria org?nica. As vari?veis ambientais que apresentaram maior correla??o com o sistema CD foram P, Fra??o Leve Livre, Fra??o Intra-agregado e pH na coleta realizada no inverno de 2004. A CCA foi ?til para organizar e analisar dois complexos grupos de dados utilizados neste estudo. Nas duas ?pocas avaliadas neste, os sistemas SCS e SPD mantiveram a maior similaridade quanto ? distribui??o dos grupos funcionais. Na an?lise curva de resposta principal (Principal Response Curves, PRC), observou-se que houve grande flutua??o sazonal na composi??o da nematofauna em todos os sistemas.
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Books on the topic "Idea of soul"

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Granger, Herbert. Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5.

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Aristotle's idea of the soul. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1996.

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Florian, Finck, ed. Platons Begründung der Seele im absoluten Denken. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2007.

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Plotinus, ed. Plotins Schrift "Über den Geist, die Ideen und das Seiende": Enneade V 9 (5) : Text, Übersetzung, Kommentar. München: Saur, 2001.

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The light of the soul: Theories of ideas in Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1990.

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Lynn, Winter Melanie, ed. The idea of the digital university: Ancient traditions, disruptive technologies and the battle for the soul of higher education. Washington, D.C: Westphalia Press, 2012.

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Feminine soul: The fate of an ideal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.

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Glukhikh, M. A. T.S. Malʹt︠s︡ev: Idei i nauchnye issledovanii︠a︡. Kurgan: Zauralʹe, 2000.

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MacGregor, Trish. Soul mate astrology: How to find and keep your ideal mate through the wisdom of the stars. Gloucester, MA: Fair Winds Press, 2004.

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Polozhenceva, Irina, Elena Aralova, and Tat'yana Kaschenko. Philosophical foundations of spirituality. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1111368.

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Philosophical foundations of spirituality is a collective monograph that attempts to reveal the problem of spirituality from a philosophical and ideological point of view in close connection with the concepts of "spirit", "soul", "meaning of life", "values", and reflects the spiritual quest of humanity at different stages of society development. Focusing on secular ethical teachings, the authors understand spirituality as the fulfillment of universal moral norms, the constant improvement of a person's self. It is addressed to students, postgraduates, teachers of pedagogical, social, psychological areas, as well as to all those who want to get a systematic idea of the evolution of spirituality and the state of values in the modern world.
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Book chapters on the topic "Idea of soul"

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Granger, Herbert. "Introduction." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 1–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_1.

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Granger, Herbert. "The Case for Attributivism." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 15–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_2.

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Granger, Herbert. "A Taxonomy for Attributivism." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 29–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_3.

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Granger, Herbert. "The Case for Substantialism." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 57–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_4.

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Granger, Herbert. "A Taxonomy for Substantialism." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 83–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_5.

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Granger, Herbert. "The Agency of the Soul: The Case for Substantialism Reconsidered." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 111–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_6.

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Granger, Herbert. "The Nature of Soul: The Property-Thing." In Aristotle’s Idea of the Soul, 133–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0785-5_7.

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Li, Quan. "Discovering the Neoliberal Soul in China." In The Idea of Governance and the Spirit of Chinese Neoliberalism, 1–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4139-6_1.

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Moreira-Almeida, Alexander, Marianna de Abreu Costa, and Humberto Schubert Coelho. "The Idea of Survival of the Soul in the History of Religions and Philosophy." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 5–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06056-4_2.

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Johnston, Rosemary Ross. "Pullman, the Idea of Soul, and Multimodal ‘Seeability’ in Northern Lights and the film The Golden Compass." In Philip Pullman, 36–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-33677-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Idea of soul"

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Fesikova, Oksana, M. Strebkov, and Aleksandr Borovskoy. "THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF AN IDEAL CITY FROM ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS TO THE PRESENT." In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_257-262.

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Along with the concept of an "ideal state", known since ancient times, there is also the concept of an "ideal city", which expresses the idea of people of every era about what an urban settlement should be like in order to provide maximum comfort and convenience to its inhabitants and neighbors. Analyzing the history of these ideas, we can trace the path of development of the relationship between man and nature, the main threats that philosophers and city planners feared in different eras, the goals that they set when planning their settlements, and thereby better understand the inner world of these people, if you like, the soul era.
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زين العابدين محمد السندي, شوكت. "The idea of rooting pluralism among humans." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/43.

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"The idea of rooting pluralism among humans, which is diversity in Islamic legislation, is a human instinct, and one of the great signs of God Almighty in creating creation. And that the idea of differential pluralism trains the soul to pardon, tolerance and dialogue with others on the basis of justice, freedom and truth. Pluralism contradicts the odious dictatorial monism of injustice, violence, fanaticism and discrimination, as well as the denial and erasing of the existence of the other. It achieves a sublime goal of permanence of the mind’s actions from understanding and thinking, contemplation and visualization, in order to build a common coexistence and renew life. This research includes three topics: The first topic is rooting the concept of the idea of pluralism from the perspective of the Holy Quran. The second topic is the effects of accepting the idea of positive pluralism on the individual and society. The third topic is criticism and analysis of the idea of unilateralism. "
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Sabodina, Evgenia, and Yuri Melnikov. "THE IDEA OF THE RED BOOK OF NATURE AND THE NOOSPHERE AS A PRINCIPLE OF EDUCATION GLOBALIZATION." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-100-104.

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In this paper, we consider the stages of emergence of the philosophy of soil science and its importance in a global world geobio noosphere ties, shows the value in understanding these links is fundamental soil science and some aspects of the scientific and philosophical activities of G.V. Dobrovol'skii and E. D. Nikitin.
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Галина Рубеновна, Сарикек,. "SOUL-BODY DUALISM IN SPORTING ACTIVITIES." In Теоретические основы и практическое применение инновационных исследований: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Москва, Ноябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/221111.2022.76.85.003.

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В статье рассматривается человек как средоточие материального и идеального начал, единство телесного и духовного. Особое внимание акцентируется на изучении культа тела и духа в Древней Греции. Подчеркивается, что спортивная деятельность в XXI веке выступает как возможность сохранения физического и поддержания психического здоровья личности. The article deals with the man as a center of material and ideal principles, the unity of the corporeal and spiritual. Particular attention is paid to the study of the body cult and spirit in Ancient Greece. The article emphasizes that sports activities in the XXI century are an opportunity to maintain physical and mental health of the individual.
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Wine, Emily. "Determining ideal soil conditions for rearing alkali bees (Nomia melanderi)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115623.

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Velasquez, Edgar Daniel Rodriguez, and Vladik Kreinovich. "Scale-Invariance Ideas Explain the Empirical Soil-Water Characteristic Curve." In 2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssci47803.2020.9308136.

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Chatterjee, S., D. J. White, and M. F. Randolph. "Lateral Movement of Pipelines on a Soft Clay Seabed: Large Deformation Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49124.

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Large deformation finite element analysis using the commercial software ABAQUS has been performed to study the lateral response of pipelines on a soft seabed. Initially, pipe soil interaction simulations are presented for the case of ideal soil, with non-softening strength. Lateral resistance profiles and trajectories of the pipe during lateral motion are investigated for different initial embedment of the pipe. A more realistic soil model incorporating the effects of strain rate and strain softening is then explored. Lateral resistance profiles and trajectories of the pipes from this realistic model are compared with the ideal soil case. Finally, the concept of effective pipe embedment — which accounts for the geometric changes caused by the soil berm ahead of the pipe — is applied to both the ideal and realistic soil model responses. The normalized horizontal resistance response is shown to be linked to the effective embedment in a simple manner, regardless of the other soil and pipeline parameters. This provides a useful contribution towards the development of a general model for describing large-amplitude lateral pipe-soil interaction, taking due account of the effects of changing geometry and soil strength.
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Belisle, William R., Narayan B. Rajbhandari, Teferi D. Tsegaye, Ahmed Fahsi, Andrew Manu, Yanming Liu, G. Robertson, et al. "Ideal brightness temperature algorithm for estimating soil-profile water status: I. Algorithm development." In Aerospace Remote Sensing '97, edited by Giovanna Cecchi, Edwin T. Engman, and Eugenio Zilioli. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.298145.

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Kogut, Boris. "ARGUMENTS AND FACTS AGAINST THE INITIATIVE «SOIL CARBON 4 PER MILLE»." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1699.978-5-317-06490-7/155-158.

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A critical analysis of the 4‰-initiative ideas is given. Data on the actual sizes of carbon sequestration in the upper soil layer are presented. The “Soil carbon 4 per mille” initiative is too politicized and commercialized. It does not withstand any scientific criticism and cannot be implemented in the 21st century.
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Shao, Lixuan, Xinya Chen, Yang Zhou, and Yan Li. "Construction and Practice of Precision Teaching Model Incorporating “Big Idea”: Take the “Plants and Soil” Unit as an Example." In 2021 Tenth International Conference of Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eitt53287.2021.00042.

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Reports on the topic "Idea of soul"

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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien, and Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.

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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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4

Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation
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5

Jones, Scott B., Shmuel P. Friedman, and Gregory Communar. Novel streaming potential and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597910.bard.

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The “Novel streaming potential (SP) and thermal sensor techniques for monitoring water and nutrient fluxes in the vadose zone” project ended Oct. 30, 2015, after an extension to complete travel and intellectual exchange of ideas and sensors. A significant component of this project was the development and testing of the Penta-needle Heat Pulse Probe (PHPP) in addition to testing of the streaming potential concept, both aimed at soil water flux determination. The PHPP was successfully completed and shown to provide soil water flux estimates down to 1 cm day⁻¹ with altered heat input and timing as well as use of larger heater needles. The PHPP was developed by Scott B. Jones at Utah State University with a plan to share sensors with Shmulik P. Friedman, the ARO collaborator. Delays in completion of the PHPP resulted in limited testing at USU and a late delivery of sensors (Sept. 2015) to Dr. Friedman. Two key aspects of the subsurface water flux sensor development that delayed the availability of the PHPP sensors were the addition of integrated electrical conductivity measurements (available in February 2015) and resolution of bugs in the microcontroller firmware (problems resolved in April 2015). Furthermore, testing of the streaming potential method with a wide variety of non-polarizable electrodes at both institutions was not successful as a practical measurement tool for water flux due to numerous sources of interference and the M.S. student in Israel terminated his program prematurely for personal reasons. In spite of these challenges, the project funded several undergraduate students building sensors and several master’s students and postdocs participating in theory and sensor development and testing. Four peer-reviewed journal articles have been published or submitted to date and six oral/poster presentations were also delivered by various authors associated with this project. We intend to continue testing the "new generation" PHPP probes at both USU and at the ARO resulting in several additional publications coming from this follow-on research. Furthermore, Jones is presently awaiting word on an internal grant application for commercialization of the PHPP at USU.
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6

Leis, Sherry, and Lloyd Morrison. Plant community trends at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: 1998–2018. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294512.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network monitors plant communities at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve and evaluates a variety of environmental variables that affect vegetation patterns, including climate and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. Here we report on 2002–2018 trends in management actions (fire and grazing) and key plant community indicators. Temperature has increased over the past 50 years in the region. Precipitation and a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index included a high degree of interannual variability and did not demonstrate directional change. We documented a decline in disturbance intensity (i.e., less frequent prescribed fire and lower stocking rates) since 2006. A preserve goal is to maintain 30 to 60% of the area as bare ground (soil and rock) for ideal greater prairie-chicken habitat. Bare areas have been in decline and minimally meet the goal preserve wide. Bare areas vary by pasture and year, with bare areas exceeding the threshold in earlier years and Big Pasture and Red House Pasture falling short in some recent years. Although the preserve-scale mean minimally met the objective, there was a great deal of heterogeneity across monitoring sites. Litter cover and depth were greater than ecological recommendations for the greater prairie-chicken, especially in 2018. Litter depth demonstrated a great deal of variability and included deep litter. Woody plants were targeted to remain below 5% cover. Preserve- and pasture-scale cover means were well below this threshold but are increasing. Species richness on a per site basis (alpha diversity) and preserve-wide richness (gamma diversity) showed no apparent directional change when corrected for differences in sample size. Comparison of native species composition between 2002 and 2018 revealed a 36.9% difference in the Sørensen Index, although observer error accounted for almost 2/3 of this apparent change. The preserve continues to have characteristic tallgrass prairie species, and nonnative species continue to be low. Similar to targeted invasive plant monitoring, we found the target species Kentucky bluegrass to be below park thresholds. Continued evaluation of fire frequency and grazing intensity will be critical to achieving ecological goals including conserving the greater prairie-chicken. Development of a grazing plan may assist with prescribing stocking rates that are consistent with the preserve’s ecological and cultural objectives and could include alternative herbivores, such as goats or expansion of bison.
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