Academic literature on the topic 'IDAF relationships'
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Journal articles on the topic "IDAF relationships":
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De Michele, C., N. T. Kottegoda, and R. Rosso. "IDAF (intensity-duration-area frequency) curves of extreme storm rainfall: a scaling approach." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0031.
Abstract:
Intensity-duration-area frequency curves, IDAF, are determined for the evaluation of design storms using a scaling approach. The variability of maximum annual rainfall intensity in area and duration is represented through the scaling properties in time and space. Thus the scaling relationships of mean rainfall intensity with area and duration are derived using the concepts of dynamic scaling and statistical self-affinity. For a lognormal distribution of rainfall intensity a multiscaling lognormal model is obtained. This gives the IDAF curves of extreme storm rainfall. An application is made to the metropolitan area of Milano.
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Roncallo Dow, Sergio, and Germán Antonio Arango-Forero. "Introducing three dimensions of audience fragmentation." Signo y Pensamiento 36, no. 70 (July 6, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.syp36-70.idaf.
Abstract:
Audience fragmentation has become a recurrent theoretical framework in the early 21 Century, used mainly to depict the new complex and dynamic relationships established between media and consumers. However, some academic studies have been published which expand on the meanings and implications of the so called fragmentation from the audience perspective. This paper is based on empirical research undertaken in Colombia, among young people (17-24 year-olds) who live in the ten most important urban areas of this country located at the north-west corner of South America. A mixed methodology was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods with a statistical sample. Conclusions support a theoretical proposal based on what the authors call the three dimensions of audiences’ fragmentation: intramedia, intermedia and transmedia fragmentation as a way to understand the new relationships established between media content producers and active and participative consumers.
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Hughes, Will. "Lessons from the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme, for the implementation of Building Better Relationships." Probation Journal 64, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550517701199.
Abstract:
This paper offers reflections on the Integrated Domestic Abuse Programme (IDAP), and its implications for the Building Better Relationships programme (BBR), which has now replaced IDAP as the main criminal justice intervention for male domestic violence perpetrators in England and Wales. While the BBR programme should be regarded with optimism, many of the principles underpinning IDAP are of ongoing relevance for practice with abusive men. There has been a tendency to distort IDAP and the broader Duluth model in discussions of interventions for perpetrators of domestic abuse. Although the BBR programme constitutes some changes of direction, its successful implementation requires continuity in the application of facilitator judgement, knowledge of group dynamics, non-judgemental dialogue, willingness to ‘challenge’, and responsiveness to individual service users.
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Bergman, Ann-Sofie, Ulrika Järkestig Berggren, and Kerstin Arnesson. "”Andra ögon idag?”." Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift 30, no. 3 (January 2, 2024): 739–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/svt.2023.30.3.4580.
Abstract:
“Other eyes today?” ̶ Social services’ handling of child protection investigations in cases of violence Social work involving child protection investigations is extensive within social services. The largest proportion of investigations are initiated due to reports of concern. Between the years 2010 and 2021, national statistics indicates that reports of concern increased by 200 percent. This article analyses the social services’ handling of child protection investigations initiated due to concerns about violence. The article is part of a larger study of privatisation in child protection investigations in six municipalities, with comparisons between investigations carried out by municipally employed social workers and private consultants. A high proportion of the investigations examined were initiated due to concerns about violence. The article analyses child protection investigations regarding 70 children, where the reports of concern contain information about violence, either concern about violence against the child or concern that the child experienced violence in close relationships. The article is based on qualitative and quantitative content analyses of the investigations and interviews with professionals. The results show that violence could tend to disappear in the documentation during the investigation process. The investigator could reformulate the questions that guided the investigation and reformulate the statements about violence from one person (father) towards another person (mother) into parental “conflicts”. Instead of a focus on violence, the focus of the investigation could be directed towards the parents’ own problems or the child’s behaviour. One explanation could be that, according to the reports of concern, children who were exposed to violence did not always have the opportunity to express themselves in safe and secure ways during the investigation process. The study shows differences between investigations carried out by private consultants and employed social workers in terms of children’s participation and the extent to which investigations led to any intervention.
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Yardeni, MD, Israel Z., Benzion Beilin, MD, Eduard Mayburd, MD, Yifat Alcalay, MSc, and Hanna Bessler, PhD. "Relationship between fentanyl dosage and immune function in the postoperative period." Journal of Opioid Management 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2008.0005.
Abstract:
Background: Anesthesia and surgery are associated with impairment of the immune system expressed as an excessive proinflammatory immune response and suppression of cell mediated immunity. Opioids, an integral part of anesthetic technique, possess an inhibitory effect on both humoral and cellular immune responses. It was the aim of the present study to examine the effect of various doses of fentanyl on cytokine production during the perioperative period.Intervention: The effect of large (LDFA, 70-100 μg/kg), intermediate (IDFA, 23-30 μg/kg) and small (SDFA, 2-4 μg/kg) doses of fentanyl on the immune function in the postoperative period was investigated.Participants: Sixty patients, randomly assigned to one of the three groups according to the dose of fentanyl were included in the study.Methods: The ex vivo secretion of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 and NK cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was tested before, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours following surgery.Results: The pattern of postoperative secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 and that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 differed significantly between patients receiving SDFA and those receiving IDFA and LDFA, but was similar between the last two groups. A similar suppression of NKCC and IL-2 secretion was observed in the three groups.Conclusions: The diminished proinflammatory cytokine response observed in patients treated by LDFA and IDFA suggests that although more stable immune function can be achieved by those methods in comparison with SDFA, it is recommendable to apply IDFA to avoid the side effects that might be observed using LDFA method.
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Zhu, Yinglin, Wenbin Zheng, and Hong Tang. "Interactive Dual Attention Network for Text Sentiment Classification." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (November 3, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8858717.
Abstract:
Text sentiment classification is an essential research field of natural language processing. Recently, numerous deep learning-based methods for sentiment classification have been proposed and achieved better performances compared with conventional machine learning methods. However, most of the proposed methods ignore the interactive relationship between contextual semantics and sentimental tendency while modeling their text representation. In this paper, we propose a novel Interactive Dual Attention Network (IDAN) model that aims to interactively learn the representation between contextual semantics and sentimental tendency information. Firstly, we design an algorithm that utilizes linguistic resources to obtain sentimental tendency information from text and then extract word embeddings from the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) pretraining model as the embedding layer of IDAN. Next, we use two Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) networks to learn the long-range dependencies of contextual semantics and sentimental tendency information, respectively. Finally, two types of attention mechanisms are implemented in IDAN. One is multihead attention, which is the next layer of BiLSTM and is used to learn the interactive relationship between contextual semantics and sentimental tendency information. The other is global attention that aims to make the model focus on the important parts of the sequence and generate the final representation for classification. These two attention mechanisms enable IDAN to interactively learn the relationship between semantics and sentimental tendency information and improve the classification performance. A large number of experiments on four benchmark datasets show that our IDAN model is superior to competitive methods. Moreover, both the result analysis and the attention weight visualization further demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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Forister, Matthew L., Zachariah Gompert, James A. Fordyce, and Chris C. Nice. "After 60 years, an answer to the question: what is the Karner blue butterfly?" Biology Letters 7, no. 3 (December 22, 2010): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1077.
Abstract:
The Karner blue butterfly (KBB), Lycaeides melissa samuelis , is a federally protected taxon whose relationship to the Melissa blue, Lycaeides melissa , has been a point of contention during the 66 years since the KBB was first described. Using a large population-genomic dataset and a model of population divergence with migration, we investigated the relationship between the KBB and L. melissa , as well as the relationship between L. melissa and a third taxon, Lycaeides idas . We report that gene flow between the KBB and L. melissa is low, and comparable to gene flow between L. melissa and L. idas . Considering this population-genetic evidence, we conclude that the KBB is a unique evolutionary lineage that should be recognized as Lycaeides samuelis .
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Bouma, Esther M. C., Arie Dijkstra, and Stella Arnt Rosa. "Owner’s Anthropomorphic Perceptions of Cats’ and Dogs’ Abilities Are Related to the Social Role of Pets, Owners’ Relationship Behaviors, and Social Support." Animals 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2023): 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233644.
Abstract:
Background: For sustainable and healthy relationships with pets, attributing some degree of human abilities to the pet (anthropomorphization) might be necessary. We hypothesize that the tendency to anthropomorphize pet animals is related to relationship behaviors (communication and making up) and the experience of social support. Perceiving the pet in a human social role (e.g., family member or friend) might mediate this relationship. Method: Associations were tested in a mixed sample of cat and dog owners by means of multiple linear regression, moderation, and (moderated) mediation analyses. The differences between cat and dog owners were examined with pet type as the moderator in a moderated mediation analysis. Results: Dog owners anthropomorphize their pets more than cat owners. The social role of the pet mediates the association between anthropomorphization and relationship behavior and social support. The mediation effects were stronger for cat owners than for dog owners. Moreover, our newly developed comparative anthropomorphism measure was a better predictor than the commonly used general anthropomorphism measure (IDAQ).
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Ma, Saisai, Jiuyong Li, Lin Liu, and Thuc Duy Le. "Discovering context specific causal relationships." Intelligent Data Analysis 23, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ida-184010.
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Mercado-Gómez, Yarlenis L., Jorge D. Mercado-Gómez, and Carlos E. Giraldo-Sánchez. "What Do Butterflies Tell Us about an Intermediate Disturbance in a Dry Tropical Forest Context?" Diversity 15, no. 8 (August 14, 2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15080927.
Abstract:
Montes de María is the best-preserved tropical dry forest fragment in the Colombian Caribbean, making it an ideal location for studying the impacts of human disturbance on local ecosystems. In this study, we analyzed the community structure of diurnal butterflies in both forested and disturbed areas using 16 circular plots to identify relationships between alpha and beta diversity, and the geographic distance between disturbed areas and native forests, using a range of metrics, including range–abundance and rarefaction curves, nonlinear models, and the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. The results revealed three distinct species assemblages associated with forests, intermediate disturbed areas (IDAs), and disturbed areas (DAs). Nonlinear models show that IDAs are more diverse than forests and DAs. However, forests have more beta diversity in plots than IDAs and DAs. Indicator species for each butterfly assemblage were also identified. Thus, although new butterfly species assemblages emerge from a new human landscape, it is clear that species that only occur within dry forest fragments are lost when forest fragments disappear. Overall, these findings have important implications for conservation efforts and understanding how human disturbance affects biodiversity in tropical ecosystems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IDAF relationships":
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Haruna, Abubakar. "Améliorer l'estimation des aléas de précipitations grâce aux relations Intensité-Durée-Aire-Fréquence (IDAF). Application à une zone à la topographie complexe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU002.
Abstract:
À une époque impactée par des phénomènes météorologiques de plus en plus variables qui peuvent modifier profondément les communautés, l'importance de prédictions fiables des précipitations extrêmes à de multiples échelles n'a jamais été aussi prédominante. Malgré sa portée cruciale, une prédiction précise demeure un défi de taille, en particulier dans les régions montagneuses, qui sont particulièrement exposées aux risques associés aux précipitations extrêmes. Par conséquent, des outils plus robustes sont nécessaires pour une prédiction fiable.Les relations Intensité-Durée-Aire-Fréquence (IDAF) résument les principales caractéristiques statistiques des précipitations extrêmes. Elles sont utilisées pour la quantification des aléas de précipitations et le développement de systèmes d'alerte précoce. Alors que les relations Intensité-Durée-Fréquence (IDF) pour les précipitations ponctuelles ont été largement étudiées, les relations IDAF, prenant en compte la zone d'accumulation, ont reçu beaucoup moins d'attention et, à notre connaissance, seulement pour les extrêmes.Cette thèse vise à modéliser les relations IDAF des précipitations pour toute la gamme des précipitations non nulles dans des zones à la topographie complexe (avec application en Suisse), où des modèles robustes et flexibles sont nécessaires en raison de la forte variabilité spatio-temporelle des précipitations. La grande originalité de cette thèse est que les relations IDAF sont développées pour toute la gamme des intensités de précipitations non nulles, et pas seulement pour les extrêmes. Les distributions marginales robustes des relations modélisées peuvent être utilisées dans les générateurs stochastiques de précipitation.Premièrement, nous avons identifié un modèle parcimonieux au sein de la famille extended generalized Pareto (EGPD) pour modéliser la distribution des intensités non nulles. Deuxièmement, nous avons développé trois modèles de régionalisation pour améliorer la robustesse et la fiabilité des estimations quotidiennes des précipitations. Les résultats montrent que toutes les méthodes régionales offrent une robustesse et une fiabilité accrues en matière de prédiction par rapport au modèle local (sans régionalisation). La méthode spatiale basée sur des modèles additifs généralisés (GAM) a démontré de meilleurs résultats pour les extrêmes, alors que la méthode sur l'approche de la région d'influence a conduit à de meilleurs résultats dans le centre de la distribution.Troisièmement, nous avons développé des modèles de relations IDF en utilisant toutes les intensités de précipitations non nulles afin d'inclure efficacement les informations disponibles. Trois approches ont été envisagées. La première est basée sur la propriété d'invariance d'échelle des précipitations, la deuxième sur la formulation générale des IDF et la dernière est purement basée sur les données (data-driven), employant des équations déterminées empiriquement pour modéliser les relations IDF. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus par la troisième. Des courbes IDF à l'échelle de bassins versants ont été générées à partir de ce modèle pour une utilisation opérationnelle, et les distributions marginales journalières dérivées des modèles sont destinées à être utilisées dans un générateur stochastique de précipitation.Enfin, nous avons construit des relations IDAF basées sur une approche data-driven en utilisant un produit de réanalyse radar. Le modèle nous a permis de caractériser l'aléa de précipitations surfaciques pour un continuum d'échelles spatio-temporelles. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats ont permis de mieux comprendre les variabilités saisonnières et régionales de l'aléa de précipitation en Suisse. Pour de courtes durées, les niveaux les plus élevés sont observés en été, tandis qu'à l'échelle journalière, les niveaux les plus élevés sont observés en automne, notamment au Tessin, région identifiée comme la plus exposée aux précipitations extrêmes à toutes les échellesIn an era marked by increasingly volatile weather patterns and their profound impact, reliable prediction of extreme precipitation across multiple scales has never been more challenging. Despite its pivotal significance, accurate prediction remains a formidable challenge, especially in mountainous regions that are particularly susceptible to extreme precipitation hazards. As a result, more robust and efficient tools are needed for reliable prediction.Intensity-Duration-Area-Frequency (IDAF) relationships summarize the main statistical characteristics of extreme precipitation. They are used for areal rainfall hazard quantification, storm characterization, and early warning system development. While Intensity-Duration--Frequency (IDF) relationships for point precipitation have been extensively studied, IDAF relationships, accounting for the area of accumulation, have received far less attention and to our knowledge only for extremes.This thesis aims to model the IDAF relationships for the whole range of non-zero precipitation in topographically complex areas (with application in Switzerland) where robust and flexible models are required due to the strong spatio-temporal variability of precipitation. The key novelty is that IDAF relationships are developed for the whole range of non-zero precipitation intensities, not just extremes. In addition to its usual application, the marginal distributions from the relationships can be utilized in stochastic weather generators.Four objectives were identified and carefully addressed. First, we identified a parsimonious three-parameter model within the extended generalized Pareto distribution (EGPD) family to model the distribution of non-zero precipitation intensities. Second, we build regionalization models based on three regionalization approaches to improve the robustness and reliability of daily precipitation estimates. The first relies on a fast algorithm that defines distinct homogeneous regions based on upper tail similarity, the second is based on the region-of-influence approach, and the third is a spatial approach based on Generalized Additive Model. All the regional models offered improved robustness and reliability in prediction compared to the local model (without regionalization). The GAM-based method was better in the upper tail, while the ROI method performed better in the bulk of the distribution.Third, we developed IDF relationships using all non-zero rainfall intensities for 30 min to 72 hr, making efficient use of available information. Three approaches were considered, the first is based on precipitation scale invariance, the second relies on the general IDF formulation, and the last is purely data-driven, employing empirically determined relationships to model the IDF relationships. The best results were shown by the model based on the data-driven approach. It reproduced the known space and time variability of extreme rainfall across Switzerland, catchment-level IDF curves were generated from it for operational use, and the daily marginal distributions derived from the models are intended to be used in a stochastic weather generator currently developed for operational use.Finally, we constructed IDAF relationships based on a data-driven approach for 1 to 72 hr and 1 to 1,089 km2 at each pixel, utilizing a radar-reanalysis product. The model allowed us to characterize areal precipitation hazards for a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. Overall, the results provided insights into the seasonal and regional patterns of precipitation hazards in Switzerland, highlighting the importance of considering multiple spatio-temporal scales when assessing extreme precipitation hazards. For short durations (e.g. 1 hr), the highest levels are almost exclusively observed in summer, while for the daily scale, the highest levels are observed during autumn, particularly in Ticino, a region identified as the most exposed to extreme precipitation across all scales
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Nielsen, Anne-Linn, and Victoria Larsson. "Kundrelationer i bankbranschen : Hur banker med skilda verksamheter arbetar med kundrelationer idag." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27967.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare how banks with differentiating operations work with their customer relationships. The financial market has changed because of digital advances in society as a whole and because of newly arisen competitors. This has created a new competition were the customer relationship is important as a competitive advantage. To establish how different banks work to retain and maintain their customer relationships we’ve conducted group interviews with banks with differentiating operations. The result shows that banks with different operations work slightly differently regarding their customer relationships. Large banks are more digitally driven and prone to adopt technological solutions. The smaller banks rely on word-of-mouth to gain new customers and attaches significant importance to creating a sort of affinity or an emotional commitment through their local presence. The bank insurance company’s priority is the interpersonal relationship with the customer and believes that this is where trust is built. Furthermore, the relationship between the customer and the banker seems to be stronger and more valued by the customer than the relationship between the customer and the bank as a brand.Vårt syfte är att undersöka och jämföra hur banker med olika verksamhet arbetar med sina kundrelationer. Bankmarknaden har förändrats på grund av samhällets digitala utveckling och uppkomsten av nya aktörer. Detta har skapat en ny konkurrenssituation där relationen till kunden är viktig som en konkurrensfördel. För att uppnå detta har vi genomfört fokusgruppsintervjuer med banker som bedriver olika verksamheter. Resultatet visar att banker arbetar med kundrelationer på olika sätt. Storbanken är mer digitalt driven och satsar stort på teknologiska lösningar. Sparbanken förlitar sig på positiv ryktesspridning för nya kunder och lägger stor vikt vid att skapa en samhörighet med kunden genom lokal närvaro. Bankförsäkringsbolaget arbetar mycket med fysiska kundmöten och att där skapa förtroende och bygga en relation genom lokal närvaro. Bankförsäkringsbolaget arbetar mycket med fysiska kundmöten och att där skapa förtroende och bygga en relation genom den personliga kontakten. Vidare har vi sett att kunder tenderar att utveckla en starkare relation till en specifik rådgivare än till banken som varumärke och att kunder
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Flink, Elin, and Eifra Santesson. "När pengarna inte räcker : En studie om finansiell bootstrapping och hur det används inom svensk filmproduktion idag." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för ekonomi och it, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4607.
Abstract:
Svensk filmindustri idag finansieras huvudsakligen genom statliga medel. Dock finns det inte tillräckligt med finansiella medel jämfört det antal svenska filmer som produceras varje år. När finansieringen är otillräcklig kan det vara av största vikt att förstå och kunna arbeta med finansiell bootstrapping som verktyg för att kunna slutföra produktionen av filmen. Finansiell bootstrapping är ett begrepp som kan fungera som ett resursanskaffande verktyg för att tillföra resurser till en produktion till en lägre kostnad än marknadspriset, eller till ingen kostnad alls. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka om detta verktyg finns inom svensk filmproduktion – och i så fall vilka som använder verktyget och varför. Forskningen avser också att utreda tillvägagångssätt och tankar kring känslor om användandet, både inom kort- och långfilmsproduktioner. Vi har funnit att användning av finansiell boostrapping finns och är generellt sett mer frekvent använt i produktioner som inte är fullt finansierade. Förekomsten av användandet är oftast vanligare i kortfilm än i långfilm, men att det existerar inom båda formerna av filmproduktion samt att verktyget används av olika befattningshavare. Utsagorna om känslor kring användandet av finansiell bootstrapping är tvetydiga – det uppstår enligt respondenterna ofta positiva känslor när det finns en ömsesidig vinning mellan de berörda avtalsparterna, men också negativa känslor när utbytet av överenskommelsen är mest gynnsamt för den ena parten.Contemporary Swedish film industry is financed mainly by government funding. However, there is potentially not enough funding in comparison to how many films are produced in Sweden every year. When funding is inadequate it could be paramount to master the concept and instrument of financial bootstrapping in order to complete a film. Financial bootstrapping is a term and tool regarding the acquirement of resources, albeit to a lower cost than market value or to no costs at all. This essay aims to investigate whether this phenomenon exist within the Swedish film industry, if so - who is using this tool and why. The research also intends to chart the approach and feelings of users both in short film as well as full feature film. We have found that utilization exists and is generally more frequent amongst films that are not fully financed. The occurrence is often more common in short films than in feature films; also it exists within the different levels of film production and is used by various positions. Thoughts regarding the practice of financial bootstrapping are ambiguous; there are positive approaches when there is a mutual gain between the relevant participants, but also, negative approaches when the benefits from the collaboration are divided unfairly.
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Llabrés, Brustenga Alba. "Intensity-Duration-Frequency of Rainfall in Catalunya. Maximum Expected Precipitation and IDF Relationships at High Temporal and Spatial Resolution." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668777.
Abstract:
Intensity - Duration - Frequency (IDF) relationships of extreme precipitation events are of high interest in hydrology. The building of infrastructure or designation of flood zone need, as groundwork, the recurrence intervals at which extreme episodes of rainfall can occur, i.e., the maximum intensities that can be expected for a given duration and return period.
In this project 2,142 series of daily rainfall data were analysed and quality controlled after the design of a new specific procedure. The newly proposed quality control is able to classify available rainfall series according to their quality and, using this information, performs a relative comparison with nearby measures to attain a quality category for each daily value (in this project 14,144,395 measures were checked and 74% of them were considered reliable). Afterwards, climatic homogeneity of a selection of series was checked and 163 daily rainfall data series of high quality data in the temporal period 1942-2016 and uniformly distributed over the territory of Catalonia were used in the obtainment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationships.
The obtainment of IDF was achieved by a temporal monofractal downscaling methodology implemented on a grid of high spatial resolution (1 km x 1 km) of maximum expected intensity in 24 hours. The spatial grid of maximum expected intensity in 24 hours at several return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 years) was obtained from annual maximum precipitation in one day after correcting daily measures with an empirical factor thoroughly analysed in the scope of the project. The monofractal downscaling methodology was implemented after the obtainment of a single scaling exponent at the 163 selected locations; the scaling exponent was studied in relation to geographical and climatic characteristics of the study area.
The final results of IDF relationships are provided as a set of maps that display the maximum expected intensity at a selection of durations (daily and subdaily, namely: 1h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h) and for a selection of return periods. The results are of high spatial resolution as they are obtained in a spatial grid of 1 km x 1 km. The results also have high temporal resolution as the intensity - frequency relationship can be calculated at any duration at the locations of the grid nodes using the provided empirical scaling exponent with validity as long as the duration ranges between 1 hour and 15 days.Les relacions d’Intensitat-Duració-Freqüència (IDF) d’episodis de pluja extrems són de gran interès en hidrologia on es necessita, com a base, els intervals de recurrència en què es donen les precipitacions extremes, és a dir, la intensitat màxima que es pot esperar per una durada i període de retorn determinats. En aquest projecte, es van analitzar 2.142 sèries de precipitació mitjançant un nou control de qualitat especialment dissenyat per a aquestes dades. El control de qualitat proposat és capaç de classificar les sèries de precipitació disponibles segons la qualitat de les dades i, utilitzant aquesta informació, fa una comparació relativa amb mesures properes per assignar una categoria a cada un dels valors diaris (es van analitzar 14.144.395 mesures i un 74% d’elles es consideren bones). També es va realitzar un control d’homogeneïtat climàtica d’una selecció de les sèries disponibles. Per obtenir la relació IDF es va fer una selecció de 163 sèries de precipitació diària de bona qualitat en el període 1942-2016 i uniformement distribuïdes pel territori de Catalunya. Les relacions IDF es van obtenir amb un mètode monofractal de downscaling temporal implementat en un grid d’alta resolució espacial (1 km x 1 km) de la intensitat màxima esperada en 24 hores. Aquest grid espacial per diversos períodes de retorn (2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 i 500 anys) es va obtenir a partir de les sèries anuals de màxims de precipitació diària després de corregir les mesures amb un factor de correcció empíric detingudament analitzat dins del projecte. El downscaling temporal monofractal es va implementar havent obtingut un únic exponent d’escala per cada una de les 163 localitats seleccionades; l’exponent d’escala va ser àmpliament estudiat en relació amb les característiques geogràfiques i climàtiques de l’àrea d’estudi. Els resultats finals de les relacions IDF es proporcionen en un conjunt de mapes que mostren la precipitació màxima esperada a una selecció de durades (diàries i subdiàries: 1h, 6h, 12h, 24h i 48h) i per una selecció de períodes de retorn. Els resultats són d’alta resolució espacial perquè s’obtenen en un grid de 1 km x 1 km. Els resultats també són d’alta resolució temporal perquè la relació entre intensitat i freqüència es pot calcular per qualsevol durada en els nodes del grid utilitzant l’exponent d’escala proporcionat (que té validesa entre 1 hora i 15 dies).
La relación de Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia (IDF) de episodios extremos de lluvia es de gran interés en hidrología, donde se necesitan, como base, los intervalos de recurrencia de precipitaciones extremas, por lo tanto, la intensidad máxima esperada en una duración y período de retorno determinados. En este proyecto, se analizaron 2.142 series de precipitación por medio de un nuevo control de calidad especialmente diseñado para estos datos. El control de calidad propuesto es capaz de clasificar las series de precipitación disponibles según la calidad de los datos y, usando esta información, compara relativamente con medidas cercanas para asignar una categoría a cada valor diario (se analizaron 14.144.395 medidas y un 74% de ellas se consideraron buenas). También se realizó un control de homogeneidad climática de las series disponibles. Para obtener la relación IDF se seleccionaron 163 series de precipitación diaria de buena calidad en el período 1942-2016, uniformemente distribuidas por el territorio de Cataluña. La relación IDF se obtuvo con un método monofractal de downscaling temporal implementado en un grid de alta resolución espacial (1 km x 1 km) de intensidad máxima esperada en 24 horas. Este grid espacial para diferentes períodos de retorno (2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 y 500 años) se construyó a partir de las series anuales de máxima precipitación diaria después de corregir las medidas con un factor de corrección empírico detenidamente analizado dentro del proyecto. El downscaling temporal monofractal se implementó tras la obtención de un único exponente de escala para cada una de las 163 localidades seleccionadas; el exponente de escala fue ampliamente estudiado en relación con las características geográficas y climáticas del área de estudio. Los resultados finales de la relación IDF se proporcionan en un conjunto de mapas que muestran la precipitación máxima esperada en una selección de duraciones (diarias y subdiarias: 1h, 6h, 12h, 24h y 48h) y para una selección de períodos de retorno. Los resultados son de alta resolución espacial porque se obtienen en un grid de 1km x 1km. Los resultados también son de alta resolución temporal porque la relación entre intensidad y frecuencia se puede calcular para cualquier duración en los nodos del grid usando el exponente de escala proporcionado (valido entre 1 hora y 15 días).
5
Saha, Ujjwal. "Impacts of Climate Change on IDF Relationships for Design of Urban Stormwater Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3037.
Abstract:
Increasing global mean temperature or global warming has the potential to affect the hydrologic cycle. In the 21st century, according to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), alterations in the frequency and magnitude of high intensity rainfall events are very likely. Increasing trend of urbanization across the globe is also noticeable, simultaneously. These changes will have a great impact on water infrastructure as well as environment in urban areas. One of the impacts may be the increase in frequency and extent of flooding. India, in the recent years, has witnessed a number of urban floods that have resulted in huge economic losses, an instance being the flooding of Mumbai in July, 2005. To prevent catastrophic damages due to floods, it has become increasingly important to understand the likely changes in extreme rainfall in future, its effect on the urban drainage system, and the measures that can be taken to prevent or reduce the damage due to floods. Reliable estimation of future design rainfall intensity accounting for uncertainties due to climate change is an important research issue. In this context, rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are one of the most extensively used hydrologic tools in planning, design and operation of various drainage related infrastructures in urban areas. There is, thus, a need for a study that investigates the potential effects
of climate change on IDF relationships.
The main aim of the research reported in this thesis is to investigate the effect of climate change on Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationship in an urban area. The rainfall in Bangalore City is used as a case study to demonstrate the applications of the methodologies developed in the research
Ahead of studying the future changes, it is essential to investigate the signature of changes in the observed hydrological and climatological data series. Initially, the yearly mean temperature records are studied to find out the signature of global warming. It is observed that the temperature of Bangalore City shows an evidence of warming trend at a statistical confidence level of 99.9 %, and that warming effect is visible in terms of increase of minimum temperature at a rate higher than that of maximum temperature. Interdependence studies between temperature and extreme rainfall reveal that up to a certain range, increase in temperature intensifies short term rainfall intensities at a rate more than the average rainfall. From these two findings, it is clear that short duration rainfall intensities may intensify in the future due to global warming and urban heat island effect. The possible urbanization signatures in the extreme rainfall in terms of intensification in the evening and weekends are also inferred, although inconclusively. The IDF relationships are developed with historical data and changes in the long term daily rainfall extreme characteristics are studied. Multidecedal oscillations in the daily rainfall extreme series are also examined. Further, non-parametric trend analyses of various indices of extreme rainfall are carried out to confirm that there is a trend of increase in extreme rainfall amount and frequency, and therefore it is essential to the study the effects of climate change on the IDF relationships of the Bangalore City.
Estimation of future changes in rainfall at hydrological scale generally relies on simulations of future climate provided by Global Climate Models (GCMs). Due to spatial and temporal resolution mismatch, GCM results need to be downscaled to get the information at station scale and at time resolutions necessary in the context of urban flooding. The downscaling of extreme rainfall characteristics in an urban station scale pose the following challenges: (1) downscaling methodology should be efficient enough to simulate rainfall at the tail of rainfall distribution (e.g., annual maximum rainfall), (2) downscaling at hourly or up to a few minutes temporal resolution is required, and (3) various uncertainties such as GCM uncertainties, future scenario uncertainties and uncertainties due to various statistical methodologies need to be addressed. For overcoming the first challenge, a stochastic rainfall generator is developed for spatial downscaling of GCM precipitation flux information to station scale to get the daily annual maximum rainfall series (AMRS). Although Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are meant to simulate precipitation at regional scales, they fail to simulate extreme events accurately. Transfer function based methods and weather typing techniques are also generally inefficient in simulating the extreme events. Due to its stochastic nature, rainfall generator is better suited for extreme event generation. An algorithm for stochastic simulation of rainfall, which simulates both the mean and extreme rainfall satisfactorily, is developed in the thesis and used for future projection of rainfall by perturbing the parameters of the rainfall generator for the future time periods. In this study, instead of using the customary two states (rain/dry) Markov chain, a three state hybrid Markov chain is developed. The three states used in the Markov chain are: dry day, moderate rain day and heavy rain day. The model first decides whether a day is dry or rainy, like the traditional weather generator (WGEN) using two transition probabilities, probabilities of a rain day following a dry day (P01), and a rain day following a rain day (P11). Then, the state of a rain day is further classified as a moderate rain day or a heavy rain day. For this purpose, rainfall above 90th percentile value of the non-zero precipitation distribution is termed as a heavy rain day. The state of a day is assigned based on transition probabilities (probabilities of a rain day following a dry day (P01), and a rain day following a rain day (P11)) and a uniform random number. The rainfall amount is generated by Monte Carlo method for the moderate and heavy rain days separately. Two different gamma distributions are fitted for the moderate and heavy rain days. Segregating the rain days into two different classes improves the process of generation of extreme rainfall. For overcoming the second challenge, i.e. requirement of temporal scales, the daily scale IDF ordinates are disaggregated into hourly and sub-hourly durations. Disaggregating continuous rainfall time series at sub-hourly scale requires continuous rainfall data at a fine scale (15 minute), which is not available for most of the Indian rain gauge stations. Hence, scale invariance properties of extreme rainfall time series over various rainfall durations are investigated through scaling behavior of the non-central moments (NCMs) of generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The scale invariance properties of extreme rainfall time series are then used to disaggregate the distributional properties of daily rainfall to hourly and sub-hourly scale. Assuming the scaling relationships as stationary, future sub-hourly and hourly IDF relationships are developed.
Uncertainties associated with the climate change impacts arise due to existence of several GCMs developed by different institutes across the globe, climate simulations available for different
representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, and the diverse statistical techniques available for downscaling. Downscaled output from a single GCM with a single emission scenario represents only a single trajectory of all possible future climate realizations and cannot be representative of the full extent of climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of future projections should use the collective information from an ensemble of GCM simulations. In this study, 26 different GCMs and 4 RCP scenarios are taken into account to come up with a range of IDF curves at different future time periods. Reliability ensemble averaging (REA) method is used for obtaining weighted average from the ensemble of projections. Scenario uncertainty is not addressed in this study. Two different downscaling techniques (viz., delta change and stochastic rainfall generator) are used to assess the uncertainty due to downscaling techniques. From the results, it can be concluded that the delta change method under-estimated the extreme rainfall compared to the rainfall generator approach. This study also confirms that the delta change method is not suitable for impact studies related to changes in extreme events, similar to some earlier studies. Thus, mean IDF relationships for three different future extreme events, similar to some earlier studies. Thus, mean IDF relationships for three different future
periods and four RCP scenarios are simulated using rainfall generator, scaling GEV method, and REA method. The results suggest that the shorter duration rainfall will invigorate more due to climate change. The change is likely to be in the range of 20% to 80%, in the rainfall intensities across all durations.
Finally, future projected rainfall intensities are used to investigate the possible impact of climate change in the existing drainage system of the Challaghatta valley in the Bangalore City by running the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for historical period, and the best and the worst case scenario for three future time period of 2021–2050, 2051–2080 and 2071–2100. The results indicate that the existing drainage is inadequate for current condition as well as for future scenarios. The number of nodes flooded will increase as the time period increases, and a huge change in runoff volume is projected. The modifications of the drainage system are suggested by providing storage pond for storing the excess high speed runoff in order to restrict the width of the drain The main research contribution of this thesis thus comes from an analysis of trends of extreme rainfall in an urban area followed by projecting changes in the IDF relationships under climate change scenarios and quantifying uncertainties in the projections.
6
Saha, Ujjwal. "Impacts of Climate Change on IDF Relationships for Design of Urban Stormwater Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3037.
Abstract:
Increasing global mean temperature or global warming has the potential to affect the hydrologic cycle. In the 21st century, according to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), alterations in the frequency and magnitude of high intensity rainfall events are very likely. Increasing trend of urbanization across the globe is also noticeable, simultaneously. These changes will have a great impact on water infrastructure as well as environment in urban areas. One of the impacts may be the increase in frequency and extent of flooding. India, in the recent years, has witnessed a number of urban floods that have resulted in huge economic losses, an instance being the flooding of Mumbai in July, 2005. To prevent catastrophic damages due to floods, it has become increasingly important to understand the likely changes in extreme rainfall in future, its effect on the urban drainage system, and the measures that can be taken to prevent or reduce the damage due to floods. Reliable estimation of future design rainfall intensity accounting for uncertainties due to climate change is an important research issue. In this context, rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are one of the most extensively used hydrologic tools in planning, design and operation of various drainage related infrastructures in urban areas. There is, thus, a need for a study that investigates the potential effects
of climate change on IDF relationships.
The main aim of the research reported in this thesis is to investigate the effect of climate change on Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationship in an urban area. The rainfall in Bangalore City is used as a case study to demonstrate the applications of the methodologies developed in the research
Ahead of studying the future changes, it is essential to investigate the signature of changes in the observed hydrological and climatological data series. Initially, the yearly mean temperature records are studied to find out the signature of global warming. It is observed that the temperature of Bangalore City shows an evidence of warming trend at a statistical confidence level of 99.9 %, and that warming effect is visible in terms of increase of minimum temperature at a rate higher than that of maximum temperature. Interdependence studies between temperature and extreme rainfall reveal that up to a certain range, increase in temperature intensifies short term rainfall intensities at a rate more than the average rainfall. From these two findings, it is clear that short duration rainfall intensities may intensify in the future due to global warming and urban heat island effect. The possible urbanization signatures in the extreme rainfall in terms of intensification in the evening and weekends are also inferred, although inconclusively. The IDF relationships are developed with historical data and changes in the long term daily rainfall extreme characteristics are studied. Multidecedal oscillations in the daily rainfall extreme series are also examined. Further, non-parametric trend analyses of various indices of extreme rainfall are carried out to confirm that there is a trend of increase in extreme rainfall amount and frequency, and therefore it is essential to the study the effects of climate change on the IDF relationships of the Bangalore City.
Estimation of future changes in rainfall at hydrological scale generally relies on simulations of future climate provided by Global Climate Models (GCMs). Due to spatial and temporal resolution mismatch, GCM results need to be downscaled to get the information at station scale and at time resolutions necessary in the context of urban flooding. The downscaling of extreme rainfall characteristics in an urban station scale pose the following challenges: (1) downscaling methodology should be efficient enough to simulate rainfall at the tail of rainfall distribution (e.g., annual maximum rainfall), (2) downscaling at hourly or up to a few minutes temporal resolution is required, and (3) various uncertainties such as GCM uncertainties, future scenario uncertainties and uncertainties due to various statistical methodologies need to be addressed. For overcoming the first challenge, a stochastic rainfall generator is developed for spatial downscaling of GCM precipitation flux information to station scale to get the daily annual maximum rainfall series (AMRS). Although Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are meant to simulate precipitation at regional scales, they fail to simulate extreme events accurately. Transfer function based methods and weather typing techniques are also generally inefficient in simulating the extreme events. Due to its stochastic nature, rainfall generator is better suited for extreme event generation. An algorithm for stochastic simulation of rainfall, which simulates both the mean and extreme rainfall satisfactorily, is developed in the thesis and used for future projection of rainfall by perturbing the parameters of the rainfall generator for the future time periods. In this study, instead of using the customary two states (rain/dry) Markov chain, a three state hybrid Markov chain is developed. The three states used in the Markov chain are: dry day, moderate rain day and heavy rain day. The model first decides whether a day is dry or rainy, like the traditional weather generator (WGEN) using two transition probabilities, probabilities of a rain day following a dry day (P01), and a rain day following a rain day (P11). Then, the state of a rain day is further classified as a moderate rain day or a heavy rain day. For this purpose, rainfall above 90th percentile value of the non-zero precipitation distribution is termed as a heavy rain day. The state of a day is assigned based on transition probabilities (probabilities of a rain day following a dry day (P01), and a rain day following a rain day (P11)) and a uniform random number. The rainfall amount is generated by Monte Carlo method for the moderate and heavy rain days separately. Two different gamma distributions are fitted for the moderate and heavy rain days. Segregating the rain days into two different classes improves the process of generation of extreme rainfall. For overcoming the second challenge, i.e. requirement of temporal scales, the daily scale IDF ordinates are disaggregated into hourly and sub-hourly durations. Disaggregating continuous rainfall time series at sub-hourly scale requires continuous rainfall data at a fine scale (15 minute), which is not available for most of the Indian rain gauge stations. Hence, scale invariance properties of extreme rainfall time series over various rainfall durations are investigated through scaling behavior of the non-central moments (NCMs) of generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The scale invariance properties of extreme rainfall time series are then used to disaggregate the distributional properties of daily rainfall to hourly and sub-hourly scale. Assuming the scaling relationships as stationary, future sub-hourly and hourly IDF relationships are developed.
Uncertainties associated with the climate change impacts arise due to existence of several GCMs developed by different institutes across the globe, climate simulations available for different
representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, and the diverse statistical techniques available for downscaling. Downscaled output from a single GCM with a single emission scenario represents only a single trajectory of all possible future climate realizations and cannot be representative of the full extent of climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of future projections should use the collective information from an ensemble of GCM simulations. In this study, 26 different GCMs and 4 RCP scenarios are taken into account to come up with a range of IDF curves at different future time periods. Reliability ensemble averaging (REA) method is used for obtaining weighted average from the ensemble of projections. Scenario uncertainty is not addressed in this study. Two different downscaling techniques (viz., delta change and stochastic rainfall generator) are used to assess the uncertainty due to downscaling techniques. From the results, it can be concluded that the delta change method under-estimated the extreme rainfall compared to the rainfall generator approach. This study also confirms that the delta change method is not suitable for impact studies related to changes in extreme events, similar to some earlier studies. Thus, mean IDF relationships for three different future extreme events, similar to some earlier studies. Thus, mean IDF relationships for three different future
periods and four RCP scenarios are simulated using rainfall generator, scaling GEV method, and REA method. The results suggest that the shorter duration rainfall will invigorate more due to climate change. The change is likely to be in the range of 20% to 80%, in the rainfall intensities across all durations.
Finally, future projected rainfall intensities are used to investigate the possible impact of climate change in the existing drainage system of the Challaghatta valley in the Bangalore City by running the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) for historical period, and the best and the worst case scenario for three future time period of 2021–2050, 2051–2080 and 2071–2100. The results indicate that the existing drainage is inadequate for current condition as well as for future scenarios. The number of nodes flooded will increase as the time period increases, and a huge change in runoff volume is projected. The modifications of the drainage system are suggested by providing storage pond for storing the excess high speed runoff in order to restrict the width of the drain The main research contribution of this thesis thus comes from an analysis of trends of extreme rainfall in an urban area followed by projecting changes in the IDF relationships under climate change scenarios and quantifying uncertainties in the projections.
Books on the topic "IDAF relationships":
1
Su-bin, Pak. Yŏnae to kyeyak ida: Anjŏn hago chayuroun sarang ŭl wihayŏ. 8th ed. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Ch'angbi, 2019.
2
Kim, Chi-yŏn. Sarang ŭn mian han kŏt i anira huhoe ŏmnŭn kŏt ida. 8th ed. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Maŭm Sesang, 2016.
3
Kim, In-gyŏng. Sara ittanŭn kŏt ŭn chʻukpok ida: Am hwanja puin i ssŭn kamdong kanbyŏnggi. 8th ed. Sŏul: Tonga Ilbosa, 1996.
4
Hannigan, Katherine. Ida B: --and her plans to maximize fun, avoid disaster, and (possibly) save the world. New York: Greenwillow Books, 2004.
5
Hannigan, Katherine. Ida B: --and her plans to maximize fun, avoid disaster, and (possibly) save the world. New York: Greenwillow Books, 2004.
6
Shumi︠a︡t︠s︡kai︠a︡, Olʹga. Ida Verde, kotoroĭ net: Roman. 2013.
7
Mun, Eun-Young, and Anne E. Ray. Integrative Data Analysis from a Unifying Research Synthesis Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0020.
Abstract:
Integrative data analysis (IDA) is a promising new approach in psychological research and has been well received in the field of alcohol research. This chapter provides a larger unifying research synthesis framework for IDA. Major advantages of IDA of individual participant-level data include better and more flexible ways to examine subgroups, model complex relationships, deal with methodological and clinical heterogeneity, and examine infrequently occurring behaviors. However, between-study heterogeneity in measures, designs, and samples and systematic study-level missing data are significant barriers to IDA and, more broadly, to large-scale research synthesis. Based on the authors’ experience working on the Project INTEGRATE data set, which combined individual participant-level data from 24 independent college brief alcohol intervention studies, it is also recognized that IDA investigations require a wide range of expertise and considerable resources and that some minimum standards for reporting IDA studies may be needed to improve transparency and quality of evidence.
8
Hannigan, Katherine. Ida B. Tandem Library, 2007.
9
Hannigan, Katherine. Ida B. Listening Library, 2004.
10
Lindkvist, Linde, and Johannes Ljungberg, eds. Samvete i Sverige. Om frihet och lydnad från medeltiden till idag. Nordic Academic Press (Kriterium), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21525/kriterium.32.
Abstract:
In recent years, ideas of conscience and the liberty of conscience have become ever more salient in public discourse. Historically, these concepts have been used to mark out a certain scope of freedom and protection in moral, political and legal conflicts. In our time, individual conscience is frequently used to legitimate objections to, for instance, military service and medical interventions like abortion and vaccination. So too in Sweden – a country widely described as one of the most modern and secularized societies in the world. In this volume, a group of researchers in history, human rights, law, ethics and sociology of religion address some of the most central issues around conscience and the liberty of conscience in Sweden from the middle ages to the present. By situating conscience and liberty in wider intellectual, social and political settings, the essays provide alternative ways of thinking about the most intractable problems surrounding these concepts – the relationship between law and morality, the tension between individual and collective freedom, as well as the role of religion in public affairs. This volume will create new avenues of research for scholars and students interested in challenges related to conscience and liberty: both those in ethics, politics and law seeking a historical perspective, and those in history who want to tie their studies to the present.
Book chapters on the topic "IDAF relationships":
1
Skaff, Sheila. "Two Women." In Studying Ida, 35–48. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325628.003.0004.
Abstract:
This chapter cites the elements of several film genres contained in Paweł Pawlikowski's Ida, such as the genre of historical film or road film that frames a coming-of-age story. It explains how the traditional road film focus on the relationships within the car or other mode of transportation rather than on the story unfolding outside. It also talks about interior conflicts that take precedence over exterior ones, which are often just a means of getting the characters on the road, while external conflicts lead to the transformation of the characters rather than the other way around. The chapter reviews the traditional three-act structure of screenplays that consists of a setup, a confrontation, and a resolution. It emphasizes how Ida diverges from the three-act structure in the final scene, in which Ida's maturation and Wanda's surrender take the place of a resolution.
2
Ravi Kumar, N., Prasad Kulkarni, and V. Kalaiarasai. "Unveiling the Viral Thread." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 180–93. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3049-4.ch011.
Abstract:
The research examined and clarified the complex dynamics that underlie the virality of Indian fashion brands. It also quantified and analyzed virality coefficients, exploring the elements and processes that facilitated the expansion of these brands' reach across various channels. The study used bibliometric analysis, classifying academic papers on the dynamics of Indian fashion brands by year, nation, and subject area by using data from the Scopus database. The basis for further research into the virality coefficients was laid by the visual mapping of keyword co-occurrences, the identification of clusters, and the extraction of variables using the VOSviewer software. Advanced textual analysis techniques were used for topic modeling at the same time, including lemmatization, TF-IDF matrix generation, and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). The Python programming language made it easier to see hidden motifs in the literature.
3
Jones, Clive, and Yoel Guzansky. "Conclusion." In Fraternal Enemies, 185–204. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197521878.003.0007.
Abstract:
In December 2018 and before a conference organised by the Jerusalem Institute for Strategic Studies, Yair Golan, a former IDF deputy chief of staff, poured metaphorical cold water on those in Israel advocating closer ties with the Gulf monarchies: “We should,” he noted, “be very very careful regarding the Gulf monarchies.” While Golan agreed that “common interests” were apparent, he warned that “we [Israelis] rely on a completely different set of values and we should not overemphasise this relationship.”...
4
Ibrahim, Muhammad, and Manzur Murshed. "From Tf-Idf to Learning-to-Rank." In Handbook of Research on Innovations in Information Retrieval, Analysis, and Management, 62–109. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8833-9.ch003.
Abstract:
Ranking a set of documents based on their relevances with respect to a given query is a central problem of information retrieval (IR). Traditionally people have been using unsupervised scoring methods like tf-idf, BM25, Language Model etc., but recently supervised machine learning framework is being used successfully to learn a ranking function, which is called learning-to-rank (LtR) problem. There are a few surveys on LtR in the literature; but these reviews provide very little assistance to someone who, before delving into technical details of different algorithms, wants to have a broad understanding of LtR systems and its evolution from and relation to the traditional IR methods. This chapter tries to address this gap in the literature. Mainly the following aspects are discussed: the fundamental concepts of IR, the motivation behind LtR, the evolution of LtR from and its relation to the traditional methods, the relationship between LtR and other supervised machine learning tasks, the general issues pertaining to an LtR algorithm, and the theory of LtR.
5
Ibrahim, Muhammad, and Manzur Murshed. "From Tf-Idf to Learning-to-Rank." In Business Intelligence, 1245–92. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9562-7.ch063.
Abstract:
Ranking a set of documents based on their relevances with respect to a given query is a central problem of information retrieval (IR). Traditionally people have been using unsupervised scoring methods like tf-idf, BM25, Language Model etc., but recently supervised machine learning framework is being used successfully to learn a ranking function, which is called learning-to-rank (LtR) problem. There are a few surveys on LtR in the literature; but these reviews provide very little assistance to someone who, before delving into technical details of different algorithms, wants to have a broad understanding of LtR systems and its evolution from and relation to the traditional IR methods. This chapter tries to address this gap in the literature. Mainly the following aspects are discussed: the fundamental concepts of IR, the motivation behind LtR, the evolution of LtR from and its relation to the traditional methods, the relationship between LtR and other supervised machine learning tasks, the general issues pertaining to an LtR algorithm, and the theory of LtR.
6
Dennie, Nneka D. "Du Bois and Women Activists." In The Oxford Handbook of W.E.B. Du Bois, C47.P1—C47.N36. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190062767.013.47.
Abstract:
Abstract W. E. B. Du Bois’s relationships with women activists and women’s activism—particularly that of Black women—are fraught with tensions. He at times writes with clarity about women’s rights, but at some points in his career, he sidelined Black women contemporaries and minimized the ways they influenced his work. This chapter undertakes a network analysis of how Du Bois worked with women activists in order to identify and reconcile the contradictions in his work. Through examining Du Bois’s relationships with Jessie Fauset, Zora Neale Hurston, Mary White Ovington, Ida B. Wells, and others, it argues that Du Bois often mentored younger Black women and collaborated with White women allies but erased established Black women activists. The chapter contends that Du Bois’s divergent treatment of Black and White women activists stemmed from their differential access to power in early suffrage and reform movements, which influenced the ways he approached potential collaborations with women.
7
Brundage, W. Fitzhugh. "The Press and Lynching." In Journalism and Jim Crow, 83–114. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044106.003.0004.
Abstract:
This chapter documents the complex relationship between lynching and newspapers, which has received inadequate attention. As the author writes, “any understanding of the phenomenon of lynching in the United States must begin with news accounts of lynchings.” Between 1890 and 1920, newspapers in America carried news and discussions about lynching on an almost daily basis. White papers legitimized and at times even incited lynching through the use of sensationalism, melodrama, and racist stereotypes of white female victimhood and “Black brutes.” The Black press, including Ida B. Wells and John L. Mitchell, fought back, documenting lynchings, exposing the racist lies used to justify them, and organizing public protest and support for federal anti-lynching bills.
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Kretzmer, David, and Yaël Ronen. "Local Law, Military Orders and Administrative Law." In The Occupation of Justice, 41–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696023.003.0003.
Abstract:
When the IDF took control over the West Bank and Gaza in 1967 it issued a proclamation that the local law would remain in force subject to changes made by military orders. This chapter discusses the Court’s approach to various issues concerning the local law and its relationship with orders promulgated by the military commander, including the scope of judicial review over such orders. The Court has held that since the military commander is an arm of the Israeli government, his actions in the Occupied Territories, including promulgation of military orders, are subject to the rules of Israeli administrative law. The chapter concludes by addressing the role of administrative law in judicial review over actions in the Occupied Territories.
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Seay-Howard, Ariel Elizabeth. "Anti-Black Violence." In Democracies in America, 94–103. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865698.003.0009.
Abstract:
Abstract Black abolitionists and freedom fighters such as Ida B. Wells have successfully protected the Black community from violence by using their voices as tools to deconstruct white violence, create better representation of the Black community, and illuminate the shortcomings of the US democratic society. However, recent victims of white violence such as Eric Garner, Sandra Bland, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and Robert L. Fuller demonstrate the inequities and inequalities that persist in the American democratic society, which is where all citizens are supposedly protected by the law and the judicial system against unjust acts of violence. This chapter exposes the racial violence that the African American community has endured throughout the long nineteenth century and continues to bear today. This chapter also uncovers how American democracy has a dark, bloody, and close relationship with racial violence.
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König, Jason. "Mountains in Archaic Greek Poetry." In The Folds of Olympus, 20–46. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691201290.003.0002.
Abstract:
This chapter discusses fantasy images of mountains from classical antiquity that come from the Homeric hymns, such as Mount Ida, ‘mother of wild beasts’. It looks at texts that have been composed over the course of several centuries and clearly respond to each other and to the Homeric epics, and the even more complex portrayal of mountains. The combined body of archaic epic tells a broadly coherent story about the developing relationship between the gods, and between gods and humans. The chapter discusses the formation of the world, the struggles between divine powers before the existence of humans, and the formation of the Olympian pantheon that involves the absorption of new gods into the community on Olympus. It also explores the heroic age, where the gods and mortals are separated by a huge gulf which may nevertheless be bridged occasionally by personal contact.
Conference papers on the topic "IDAF relationships":
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Montesarchio, Valeria, Francesco Napolitano, Fabio Russo, and S. Spina. "IDF relationships for short duration rainfall." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2013: ICNAAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4825854.
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Cay, Gizem, Ahmet Anil Mungen, Emre Dogan, and Mehmet Kaya. "Exploring the Relationship Between Academicians via Reference Parsing." In 2019 International Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing Symposium (IDAP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idap.2019.8875978.
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Lee, Learn-Han, Hooi-Leng Ser, Tahir Mehmood Khan, Kok-Gan Gan, Bey-Hing Goh, and Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib. "IDDF2019-ABS-0321 Relationship between autism and gut microbiome: current status and update." In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2019, Hong Kong, 8–9 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-iddfabstracts.76.
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Akarapatima, Keerati, and Tatsanai Sattayaraksa. "IDDF2019-ABS-0097 The relationship between hepatic steatosis and result of viral hepatitis C treatment." In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2019, Hong Kong, 8–9 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-iddfabstracts.264.
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Ser, Hooi-Leng, Joshua You-Jing Wong, Bey-Hing Goh, Kavita Reginald, and Raja Affendi Raja Ali. "IDDF2023-ABS-0239 Chronic urticaria and the gut microbiota: what is this ‘long-distance’ relationship?" In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 10–11 June 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2023-iddf.97.
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Costa, José Alfredo, and Nielsen Dantas. "Análise Comparativa de Embeddings Jurídicos aplicados a Algoritmos de Clustering." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2023-181.
Abstract:
Text clustering analysis plays an important role in the organization and comprehension of extensive amounts of textual data. By grouping semantically similar documents into coherent categories, or clusters, it is possible to extract pertinent information and the unearthing of latent patterns embedded within the text. Text clustering enables a deeper understanding of the underlying structure and relationships within textual data, therefore, unveiling patterns and thematic trends. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of different text embeddings in the task of clustering Brazilian legal documents. The embeddings were obtained from BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from transformers) models: Jurisbert, Bert Law and Irisbert. Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IFD) was also used as a base representation model for comparisons. Nine different clustering algorithms were tested, including methods such as MB Kmeans, DBSCAN, BIRCH. Experiments were conducted in a database of 30,000 documents in Brazilian Portuguese of judicial moves of the Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Norte. To evaluate the performance of the clustering algorithms, the Normalized Mutual Info and Jaccard coefficients were used. Processing time are also described for the different algorithms. Results suggest better results with embedding “Irisbert” and TF-IDF when considering NMI and Bert Law and TF-IDF when considering Jaccard coefficient, although “Irisbert” also produced good scores.
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Wang, Ziwei, Qiuai Shu, Jian Wu, Xiru Liang, Yixin Liu, Jinhai Wang, Na Liu, and Ning Xie. "IDDF2023-ABS-0105 Causal relationships between immunological proteins and common intestinal diseases: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study." In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 10–11 June 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2023-iddf.185.
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Binh, Luu Thi, Doan Anh Thang, Nguyen Trong Hieu, Tran Duc Quy, and Dong Duc Hoang. "IDDF2018-ABS-0102 Relationship between histological characteristics and braf mutation, P53, KI67 immunoexpression in patients with colorectal polyp in thai nguyen." In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2018, Hong Kong, 9–10 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-iddfabstracts.110.
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Binh, Luu Thi, Doan Anh Thang, Nguyen Trong Hieu, Tran Duc Quy, and Dong Duc Hoang. "IDDF2018-ABS-0103 Relationship between endoscopic characteristics and BRAF mutation, P53, KI67 immunoexpression in patients with colorectal polyp in thai nguyen." In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2018, Hong Kong, 9–10 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-iddfabstracts.111.
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Pilipović, Ante, and Mario Uroš. "Selection of optimal intensity measure for a typical masonry building in the urban area of Zagreb." In 8th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2022.09.
Abstract:
In the scope of seismic fragility and vulnerability analysis of typical buildings an important step is the selection of optimal intensity measure (IM) for earthquakes that will give minimal dispersion in structural responses to seismic loading. A typical masonry building from Zagreb city centre is selected. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed along with statistical processing of analysis results. Optimal intensity measures are selected among practical candidates by linear regression, observing the relationship between intensity measures and average maximum interstorey drift (IDRavg) as the selected engineering demand parameter (EDP). Optimal intensity measures are peak ground velocity PGV and average spectral acceleration Sa,avg (0,5s-0,8s) and are related to ground velocity and structural response in the period range of eigenvalues.