Journal articles on the topic 'Ictu'
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Izadi-Avanji, Fatemeh Sadat, Tahereh Esmaii, and Zohreh Sadat. "The Role of Information and Communication Technology Use in Predicting Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease." Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.8.2.280.5.
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Background: Non-adherence to treatment prevents the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. This study aims to evaluate the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in predicting adherence to treatment in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Methods: This cross-sectional study with a predictive correlational design was performed on 400 patients with CAD referred to public and private cardiology clinics in Kashan, Iran, from September 2020 to July 2021. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The treatment adherence questionnaire and a researcher-made Information and Communication Technology Use (ICTU) scale were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and linear regression analysis. Results: The mean scores of treatment adherence and ICTU was 64.5±13.4 and 42.22±16.6, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that the two ICTU domains of familiarity with ICT and the utilization of ICT together predicted 27% of variance in treatment adherence of CAD patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: Adherence to treatment is higher in patients who use ICT tools for health purposes. It is recommended that health professionals and policymakers develop appropriate interventions to increase the ability of CAD patients to use ICT.
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Bauer, Dominik F., Constantin Ulrich, Tom Russ, Alena-Kathrin Golla, Lothar R. Schad, and Frank G. Zöllner. "End-to-End Deep Learning CT Image Reconstruction for Metal Artifact Reduction." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010404.
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Metal artifacts are common in CT-guided interventions due to the presence of metallic instruments. These artifacts often obscure clinically relevant structures, which can complicate the intervention. In this work, we present a deep learning CT reconstruction called iCTU-Net for the reduction of metal artifacts. The network emulates the filtering and back projection steps of the classical filtered back projection (FBP). A U-Net is used as post-processing to refine the back projected image. The reconstruction is trained end-to-end, i.e., the inputs of the iCTU-Net are sinograms and the outputs are reconstructed images. The network does not require a predefined back projection operator or the exact X-ray beam geometry. Supervised training is performed on simulated interventional data of the abdomen. For projection data exhibiting severe artifacts, the iCTU-Net achieved reconstructions with SSIM = 0.970±0.009 and PSNR = 40.7±1.6. The best reference method, an image based post-processing network, only achieved SSIM = 0.944±0.024 and PSNR = 39.8±1.9. Since the whole reconstruction process is learned, the network was able to fully utilize the raw data, which benefited from the removal of metal artifacts. The proposed method was the only studied method that could eliminate the metal streak artifacts.
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Gómez Moreno, Ángel. "Juan de Valdés, an Appraisal: Keys for «In ictu oculi»." Medievalia 18, no. 2 (November 23, 2015): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/medievalia.339.
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Gutiérrez-Ortiz, C. "In ictu oculi (En un abrir y cerrar de ojos)." Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología 88, no. 7 (July 2013): e49-e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2012.12.014.
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Kortmann, Jeroen S. "Ab alio ictu(s):Misconceptions about Julian's View on Causation." Journal of Legal History 20, no. 2 (August 1999): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440362008539592.
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Abdulhamid, Mustapha, and Sufiyanu Dauda. "Appraisal of Attitudes and Utilizations of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Among Students in Nigerian Universities." International Journal on Research in STEM Education 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijrse.v1i1.61.
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The study examined the attitude and utilization of information and communication technology among university students. The study adopted descriptive – survey as its design, and a population of one thousand three hundred and seventy seven (1377) students were used for the study out of which three hundred and two (302) were purposively sampled from the Department of Science and Vocational Education of the Faculty of Education and Extension Services, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Two research instruments were used Students’ attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (SAICT) and Information and Communication Technology utilization (ICTU). The instruments were pilot tested using Cronbach alpha and reliability index of 0.93 and 0.77 were obtained. The research found that students have positive attitude towards ICT, it was also found that students utilize ICT for academic purpose, and that students attitude is related to utilization. The study recommends that Science education students should be encouraged by the university to sustain their positive attitude towards ICT by ensuring that the students have easy access to the facilities at every point in time.
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Hogan, John. "Remoulding the Critical Junctures Approach." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (September 2006): 657–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906060203.
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Abstract.This paper improves our understanding of critical junctures, a concept employed in historical institutionalism for exploring change. However, the concept lacks rigour, weakening our ability to define critical junctures. Of late, academics have utilized other mechanisms to identify change in historical institutionalism. Thus, it is within this context that the critical junctures approach is remoulded through the specification of standards, hence reducing uncertainty as to what constitutes a critical juncture. The remoulded approach is employed here in examining change in the Irish Congress of Trade Unions' (ICTU) influence over public policy in 1987.Résumé.Cet article permet de mieux comprendre le concept de conjoncture critique, qui est utilisé en institutionnalisme historique pour explorer le changement. Ce concept, en effet, manque de rigueur, si bien qu'il est difficile de définir les conjonctures critiques. Récemment, les théoriciens de l'institutionnalisme historique ont eu recours à d'autres mécanismes pour cerner le changement. C'est dans ce contexte que nous remanions la méthode des conjonctures critiques en établissant des normes de manière à pouvoir déterminer avec plus de certitude ce qui constitue une conjoncture critique. Nous employons cette méthode remaniée pour examiner l'évolution de l'influence de l'Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU) sur les politiques publiques en 1987.
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Allen, Kieran. "The Trade Unions: From Partnership to Crisis." Irish Journal of Sociology 18, no. 2 (November 2010): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.18.2.3.
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The Irish model of social partnership was once hailed as a success story for other countries to emulate. According to its supporters, the unions avoided marginalisation and devised a strategy to balance competitiveness and equity. Through partnership, Ireland was able to combine the benefits of an Anglo-Saxon notion of free markets with a ‘solidaristic’ ethos and so forge a ‘developmental welfare model’ (NESC 2005). Social partnership replaced class conflict with a new era of understanding between employers and unions. Paul Sweeney of the ICTU claimed that, ‘for unions and employers the biggest accomplishment has been getting into the heads of each other, to understand unambiguously what the deep concerns of the other side are’ (Sweeney 2008: 125). This paper examines the journey of the Irish trade union movement from main players in social partnership through to the current crisis.
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Rombouts, Bas. "ictu v. Ireland: Expanding the Scope of Self-employed Workers Entitled to Collective Bargaining Rights in Relation to Competition Law Prohibitions." International Labor Rights Case Law journal 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056901-00501003.
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Thorsteinsdottir, Jun, Torleif Sandner, Annamaria Biczok, Robert Forbrig, Sebastian Siller, Patricia Bernasconi, Andrea Szelényi, Thomas Liebig, Jörg-Christian Tonn, and Christian Schichor. "Detection of impending perfusion deficits by intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in aneurysm surgery of the anterior circulation." Acta Neurochirurgica 163, no. 12 (October 13, 2021): 3501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-05022-8.
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Abstract Background The aim of our study was to evaluate the additional benefit of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT), intraoperative computed tomography angiography (iCTA), and intraoperative computed tomography perfusion (iCTP) in the intraoperative detection of impending ischemia to established methods (indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGVA), microDoppler, intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM)) for initiating timely therapeutic measures. Methods Patients with primary aneurysms of the anterior circulation between October 2016 and December 2019 were included. Data of iCT modalities compared to other techniques (ICGVA, microDoppler, IONM) was recorded with emphasis on resulting operative conclusions leading to inspection of clip position, repositioning, or immediate initiation of conservative treatment strategies. Additional variables analyzed included patient demographics, aneurysm-specific characteristics, and clinical outcome. Results Of 194 consecutive patients, 93 patients with 100 aneurysms received iCT imaging. While IONM and ICGVA were normal, an altered vessel patency in iCTA was detected in 5 (5.4%) and a mismatch in iCTP in 7 patients (7.5%). Repositioning was considered appropriate in 2 patients (2.2%), where immediate improvement in iCTP could be documented. In a further 5 cases (5.4%), intensified conservative therapy was immediately initiated treating the reduced CBP as clip repositioning was not considered causal. In terms of clinical outcome at last FU, mRS0 was achieved in 85 (91.4%) and mRS1-2 in 7 (7.5%) and remained mRS4 in one patient with SAH (1.1%). Conclusions Especially iCTP can reveal signs of impending ischemia in selected cases and enable the surgeon to promptly initiate therapeutic measures such as clip repositioning or intraoperative onset of maximum conservative treatment, while established tools might fail to detect those intraoperative pathologic changes.
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Bibring. "In Ictu Oculi Reflections on “Wolf and Beast” by Berechiah Hanaqdan in the Context of Its Contemporary Versions in Medieval Fable-Lore." Comparative Literature Studies 56, no. 2 (2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.56.2.0374.
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McAllister, Jacqueline R. "Deterring Wartime Atrocities: Hard Lessons from the Yugoslav Tribunal." International Security 44, no. 3 (January 2020): 84–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00370.
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Advocates of wartime international criminal tribunals (ICTs) hope that such tribunals can deter combatant atrocities against civilians. Yet, more than twenty-five years after the establishment of the first wartime ICT—the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)—wartime ICTs’ role in deterring such violence remains a matter of debate. Insights from criminology, as well as research on civil conflicts and international legal compliance, suggest that ICTs are most likely to deter government and rebel forces from committing atrocities against civilians when all three of the following conditions are present: (1) ICT officials have secured sufficient prosecutorial support, (2) combatant groups rely on support from liberal constituencies, and (3) combatant groups have centralized structures. Case studies of the ICTY's impact on fourteen combatant groups from the Yugoslav conflicts—combined with hundreds of field interviews with war veterans and others—confirm this prediction. The ICTY's record thus sheds important light on how and when contemporary wartime ICTs—including the International Criminal Court—might succeed in deterring combatant atrocities against civilians.
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Banjarani, Desia Rakhma, Abdul Muthalib Tahar, and Desy Churul Aini. "Studi Perbandingan Kelembagaan dan Yurisdiksi International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) dan the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) dengan International Criminal Court (ICC)." Cepalo 1, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v1no1.1754.
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Pentingnya keberadaan pengadilan internasional ICTY, ICTR dan ICC dalam menangani kejahatan internasional dikarenakan pengadilan nasional dianggap tidak mampu untuk merespon kejahatan internasional. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi ketika pengadilan nasional mengalami kerusakan struktur dan sistem. Kerusakan struktur dan sistem pengadilan nasional dapat terjadi pasca suatu negara dilanda konflik yang serius seperti yang terjadi pada saat konflik di Yugoslavia dan Rwanda. Situasi seperti ini disebut sebagai ketidakmampuan (unability) suatu pengadilan nasional dalam mengadili pelaku kejahatan internasional. Permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah tentang bagaimana proses pembentukan, yurisdiksi, dan struktur ICTY, ICTR dan ICC? Dan apa saja persamaan dan perbedaan ICTY, ICTR, dan ICC? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses pembentukan, pengaturan yurisdiksi dan struktur ICTY, ICTR dan ICC menunjukan: Pertama, dalam hal pembentukan ICTY, ICTR, dan ICC dilakukan melalui mekanisme yang berbeda. ICTY dan ICTR dibentuk berdasarkan resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB, sedangkan ICC dibentuk melalui konferensi internasional. Kedua, pengaturan yurisdiksi ICTY, ICTR, dan ICC terdapat perbedaan dalam ruang lingkup yurisdiksi material, yurisdiksi teritorial, yurisdiksi personal, dan yurisdiksi temporal. Ketiga, dalam hal struktur organ menunjukan bahwa ICTY dan ICTR memiliki kesamaan identik yang terdiri dari chambers, registry, dan office of prosecutors. Sementara struktur organ ICC berbeda dengan ICTY dan ICTR, dimana struktur organ ICC terdiri dari presidency divisions, registry, dan office of prosecutors.Perbandingan Statuta ICTY, Statuta ICTR, dan Statuta Roma telah memperlihatkan perbedaan dan persamaan dalam berbagai aspek. Dalam hal persamaannya: Pertama, penggunaan prosedur umum persidangan; Kedua, prosedur perlindungan hukum saat proses persidangan berlangsung; Ketiga, secara substansi ketiga statuta tidak mengatur hukuman mati dalam pemidanaan terdakwa dan hanya menerapkan hukuman penjara seumur hidup. Dalam hal perbedaannya ketentuan yang termuat dalam Statuta ICTY, Statuta ICTR dan Statuta Roma meliputi beberapa aspek yaitu struktur organ, muatan prinsip umum hukum pidana, permohonan banding, peran Dewan Keamanan PBB, prosedur penyerahan kasus, kewajiban melakukan kerjasama, pendanaan dan prosedur amandemen. Kata Kunci: ICC, ICTR, ICTY dan Perbandingan.
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Witko, Andrzej. "Juan de Valdés Leal i jego „Hieroglify śmierci”." Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2020.68.4-1.
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Juan de Valdés Leal (1622-1690) był jedną z najbardziej oryginalnych osobowości sewilskiego malarstwa, niekiedy uznawany nawet za najbardziej barokowego z hiszpańskich malarzy, artystę tworzącego ekspresyjne dzieła, ukazujące pełne napięcia postaci, o nerwowych gestach i ponurych twarzach, nierzadko o wyjątkowej brzydocie. Przypuszcza się, iż terminował w pracowni Antonia del Castillo w Kordobie od ok. 1644 r. Jego najstarsze prace wykazują cechy naturalistyczne, o twardym rysunku, żywej kolorystyce i pewnej przenikliwości. Widoczny jest w nich wpływ Juana de Ucedy, Francisca Vareli, Francisca de Herrery St. oraz Antonia del Castillo i Francisca de Zurbarána. Z kolei ekspresja postaci i zastosowanie światłocienia przywołują prace José de Ribery. Po roku 1655 jego płótna wskazują na ewolucję stylu w kierunku większej dynamiki, co było wynikiem wpływu Francisca de Herrery Mł. Rysunek artysty stał się wówczas lżejszy, kolorystyka bardziej lśniąca i przeźroczysta. W 1659 r. został mianowany miejskim egzaminatorem malarzy sewilskich, a rok później był jednym z założycieli Akademii Malarstwa, której z czasem został nawet prezesem. W roku 1664 przebywał na dworze królewskim i poznał bogate kolekcje monarsze oraz nawiązał liczne kontakty z innymi malarzami, m.in. Francisco Rizi i Claudio Coello. W 1667 został członkiem elitarnego bractwa La Caridad w Sewilli, dla którego w 1672 r. zrealizował kilka dzieł, m.in. słynne „Hieroglify śmierci” (In ictu oculi, Finis gloriae mundi), które sprawiły, iż artysta fascynuje nieprzerwanie swym spojrzeniem przekraczającym granice życia. Często też podejmował się innych aktywności niż malowanie obrazów sztalugowych, najczęściej złocąc retabula i wykonując polichromie. Tworzył także ryciny, ilustracje książkowe oraz rzeźby, które jednak nie zachowały się.
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Lazebnyk, Iuliia. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BACKGROUND TO STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYMENT QUALITY IN LOCAL UNITS." Economic Analysis, no. 28(3) (2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.03.047.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the research of topical issues of statistical study of the impact of information and communication technologies on changes in the labor market and the quality of employment. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the trends in changing working conditions and employment quality associated with the widespread use of ICT. The need to understand the consequences of such changes for regional labor markets in Ukraine encourages the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of statistical provision of managerial decisions on improving the quality of employment and working conditions. Method (methodology). To achieve this goal, the article discusses the world approaches to defining concepts such as telework or ICT-mobile work, T / ICTM. The peculiarities of practical application of T / ICTM and its structure according to the selected categories in the 28 EU member states are analyzed. Operationalization of T / ICTM categories in accordance with the "use of ICTs" and "workplaces". Results. According to the results of the study, the main problems identified are the proliferation of such a phenomenon as "telework" or "remote work". One of them is that, despite the growing consensus, there is still no generally accepted definition of these concepts. Another is the limited availability of T / ICTM frequency and intensity data in many countries around the world.
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Macias, M. N., E. Garon, P. Abarca, B. Ramirez, and P. Cha. "Pilot study: Assessing if a previously validated questionnaire, Index of Clinical Trial Understanding (ICTU), measures understanding in elderly patients with metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)." Journal of Geriatric Oncology 4 (October 2013): S22—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2013.09.270.
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Goy, Barbara. "Individual Criminal Responsibility before the International Criminal Court." International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 1 (2012): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x616522.
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For more than 15 years the two ad hoc Tribunals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), have interpreted the requirements of different forms of individual criminal responsibility. It is thus helpful to look at whether and to what extent the jurisprudence of the ICTY/ICTR may provide guidance to the International Criminal Court (ICC). To this end, this article compares the requirements of individual criminal responsibility at the ICTY/ICTR and the ICC. The article concludes that, applied with caution, the jurisprudence of the ICTY/ICTR – as an expression of international law – can assist in interpreting the modes of liability under the ICC Statute. ICTY/ICTR case law seems to be most helpful with regard to accessorial forms of liability, in particular their objective elements. Moreover, it may assist in interpreting the subjective requirements set out in Article 30 ICC Statute.
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GALBRAITH, JEAN. "‘New Facts’ in ICTY and ICTR Review Proceedings." Leiden Journal of International Law 21, no. 1 (March 2008): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156507004761.
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AbstractThe Statutes of the ICTY and ICTR provide for the review of final judgments upon the discovery of a ‘new fact’ that could have affected the judgments. The Appeals Chambers of the two Tribunals interpret the term ‘new fact’ to mean new information related to a matter that was not at issue during the original trial, as opposed to simply meaning new information of a factual nature. The article argues that this interpretation of ‘new fact’ creates a risk that review will be denied on formalistic grounds even in situations where principles of justice would make review plainly warranted. The article proposes several ways in which the Appeals Chambers could alter their case law to ensure against such injustice. Finally, the article considers the implications of this issue for other international criminal tribunals.
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Symons, Louise. "The inherent powers of the ICTY and ICTR." International Criminal Law Review 3, no. 4 (2003): 369–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181203322584413.
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Щегулина, Oksana Shchegulina, Щегулин, and A. Shchegulin. "Causes and Types of Positional Conflicts in Organizations Advertising Services." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 4, no. 1 (February 17, 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8123.
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Confl icts are born and develop in situations divergent interests, goals, of attitudes of people. The key to eff ective confl ict management is their classifi cation. There are diff erent approaches to the labeling of confl icts. Organizational confl ict is a special type of interaction. It is based on diff erences in interests, values, goals, people, concentrated in the organization. Creating a typology of organizational confl icts will develop diagnostic techniques which will enable to identify the deep contradictions in the organization. Research in the fi eld of confl ict laid the methodological foundations for the study of labor confl icts in various spheres of human activity. Promotional activity has its specifi c content, due to the uniqueness of advertising services. In the implementation of promotional activities confl icts inevitably arise. The causes of confl ict in organizations Advertising services. The authors proposed a typology of organizational confl icts in promotional activities, which will be the basis in the creation of diagnostic tools and technologies for managing confl icts.
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Barakabitze, Alcardo Alex, Anangisye William-Andey Lazaro, Neterindwa Ainea, Michael Hamza Mkwizu, Hellen Maziku, Alex Xavery Matofali, Aziza Iddi, and Camillius Sanga. "Transforming African Education Systems in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Using ICTs: Challenges and Opportunities." Education Research International 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6946809.
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This paper presents the role of ICTs in transforming Africa’s Education Systems (AES) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects/courses. The paper highlights on a positive shift across Africa in using ICT to improve the quality of teaching and learning through activities such as intensive ICT skills training to teachers, increase in ICT equipments and applications in schools, and emergence of living labs (LLs) and innovation spaces/centres (InnoSpace). We first provide some of the challenges of integrating ICTs in education followed by a description of key past and current ICT initiatives supporting the adoption of ICTs in schools using a number of case studies in sub-Saharan Africa. We further present various ICT-based models for education, as a transformational approach towards integrating ICTs in AES. Moreover, we provide various ICT platforms deployed for education service delivery in disadvantaged African society (e.g., rural areas) including LLs and InnoSpace across the continent. Finally, we highlight our main findings and observations in terms of opportunities and future ICT for education research directions in Africa. Our aim is to provide some guidelines and ensure that Africa uniformly meet the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 4, which is to ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning, particularly using ICTs.
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Kobis, Dewi Christa, and Michel Farrel Tomatala. "The Implementation of ICT in Teaching English as Foreign Language: A Case Study of Premary School English Teachers in Kotamobagu, North Sulawesi." LINGUA : JURNAL ILMIAH 16, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35962/lingua.v16i1.34.
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This study aims to find out whether ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) really helps EFL teachers in Kotamobagu to improve their students’ English ability. This study uses the teachers’ perceptions as the main sources to answer the research questions of this current study. It focuses on finding the EFL teachers’ knowledge level in implementing ICTs, the level of ICT implementation for educational purposes, and problems that teachers might face during ICT implementation in the classrooms. This study uses mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approach by using questionnaire and interview to gain the data. The findings show that in general, teachers have fair capability in using ICTs. They also have positive attitude towards ICT implementation where they claimed that ICTs are useful to improve students’ learning achievement. The teachers use ICTs for various reasons and at the last this study found that lack of ICT facilities has become the main problem that they often face.
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Sa’adu, Mustapha, Man Norsida, Arif Shah Jasmin, Hirawaty Kamarulzaman Nitty, and Abubakar Tafida Ahmadu. "Factors affecting use of information communication technologies among extension agents in North-East, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v26i1.5.
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The study identified the levels of ICT use, awareness, accessibility, perceived organizational support, assessed the perception of the respondents on problems in using ICTs for agriculture extension work and, clarifies the relationships between awareness, accessibility, perceived organizational support, and use of ICTs. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire distributed to 254 respondents using a multi-stage sampling and stratified sampling procedures. Mean, frequency, standard deviation and structural equation modelling in analysis of morement structure (AMOS) was used. Findings revealed that levels of ICT use (x̄ = 3.43), awareness (x̄ =3.40) accessibility (x̄ 3.66), and perceived organizational support (x̄ 3.574) were moderates. The high cost of ICT garget (x̄ =4.71), poor electricity supply (x̄ =4.69), lack of training (x̄ =4.63), ICT illiteracy (x̄ =4.61), outdated contents (x̄ =4.61), inability to use ICT (x̄ =4.55) and network issue (x̄ =4.34) were the critical problems in using ICTs in extension work. There was relationship between awareness, accessibility and motivation with ICT adoption among extension agents. Governments should design a policy that will focus on awareness, training, access to ICTs among the extension agents, provide an alternative source of power, this will enable them to remain within the system and also increase their usage of ICTs in extension service delivery.
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Fu, Jiawei Sophia, Katherine R. Cooper, and Michelle Shumate. "Use and Affordances of ICTs in Interorganizational Collaboration: An Exploratory Study of ICTs in Nonprofit Partnerships." Management Communication Quarterly 33, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318918824041.
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Interorganizational collaboration relies on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, previous ICT research often takes place within a single organization, lacking insight into how ICTs sustain interorganizational structures. This study examined both the product categories and functional uses of ICTs for interorganizational collaboration, drawing from surveys among a random sample of 181 human services nonprofit organizations in the United States. Results showed that email, teleconference, and shared repositories (e.g., Dropbox) were most popular product types. Content analysis revealed that ICTs were used for coordination, information sharing, relational communication, and client management and ICT utilities varied based on collaboration types. Analyses also indicated that collaboration type, as opposed to organizational attributes (e.g., organizational capacity, resources, size), was related to the frequency of ICT use in nonprofit collaboration. Theoretical contributions to the study of ICTs, interorganizational collaboration, and management communication are discussed.
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Baporikar, Neeta. "ICT Challenge for eBusiness in SMEs." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsita.2013010102.
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This paper forms the basis of a crafting eBusiness strategy. The aim of this strategy is to encourage and assist organizations in general and SMEs in particular, in the non-ICT producing sectors of the economy, to use Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in a way that will maximize their competitive advantage. Effective use of ICTs across all sectors of the economy can act as a driver to increase competitiveness. Relatively low levels of ICT usage by companies, outside of the ICT sector, is the contributing factor to the failure of organizations to catch up with productivity growth rates required to succeed. While most of the countries have now a strong ICT sector and the potential to do well in newly emerging ICT related industries, performance is far less impressive when it comes to the use of ICTs by SMEs in the non-ICT sectors of the economy.
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Кибанов and Ardalon Kibanov. "Conflicts in an Organisation." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7292.
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The paper considers the nature and the role of organizational confl icts in terms of ways an organization can manage these, as well as how to classify confl icts based on various attributes. Formation of the confl ict resolution studies as the theory and practice are characterized by stages of development. Key stages in the techniques for confl ict resolution in an organisation are provided, including psychological preparation for confl ict resolution, identifi cation of the real issue causing the confl ict, search for possible options to resolve the confl ict, elaboration and selection of confl ict resolution options, the process of confl ict resolution itself, completion of the confl ict resolution process.
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Rikard, R. V., Ronald W. Berkowsky, and Shelia R. Cotten. "Discontinued Information and Communication Technology Usage among Older Adults in Continuing Care Retirement Communities in the United States." Gerontology 64, no. 2 (November 9, 2017): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000482017.
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Background: Older adults are increasingly using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Recent studies show beneficial effects of using ICTs for older adults, particularly in terms of reducing loneliness and depression. However, little is known about the factors that may prevent discontinued ICT use in populations that may be at greater risk, such as those in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs). Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine a range of factors that may influence discontinued (1) ICT use, (2) searching for health information, and (3) searching for general information over time among CCRC residents. Methods: We use longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial conducted with residents of 19 CCRCs. We use flexible parametric models to estimate the hazard ratio or hazard rate over 5 waves of data to determine what factors significantly predict discontinued (1) ICT use, (2) health information searching, and (3) general information searching. Results: The analysis reveals that independent living residents who took part in an 8-week ICT training intervention were less likely to stop using ICTs. Age and the number of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) impairments significantly predicted an increased likelihood of stopping ICT use. When examining specific ICT-related activities, the analysis reveals that independent living residents who took part in the ICT training intervention were less likely to stop searching for health information and general information online. In addition, age and the number of IADL impairments were associated with increased likelihood of discontinued health information searches and discontinued general information searches. Conclusion: ICT training interventions may motivate residents of CCRCs to stay connected by increasing the ICT skill level and promoting confidence, thus decreasing the probability that they will discontinue using ICTs and searching for general information. However, the effects of ICT training on motivating continued ICT usage may be more pronounced among independent living residents. Limitations in the number of IADL impairments is a key factor leading to discontinued use of ICTs among CCRC residents, suggesting that designers of ICTs should be cognizant of the cognitive and physical limitations among this group.
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Zhu, Yaguang. "Combinatorial use of communication technologies in organizations." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-04-2018-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critique and extend contemporary scholarship on information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper argues that the focus on the selection and use of a single communication medium limits the understanding of current ICT use in organizations. A combinatorial perspective is needed to capture the complexities of multiple ICTs use for achieving communication goals and completing tasks. Design/methodology/approach This paper addresses the trending phenomenon of combinatorial use of ICTs by offering a critical review of the theoretical studies and empirical research in scholarly books and journals and deriving novel theoretical research questions that set the stage for future studies. Findings This paper identifies how combinatorial ICT use as a perspective that uniquely elucidates ICT use in organizations, clarifies key terms used in previous research and proposes theoretical and operational recommendations for researchers and corporate practitioners who are interested in studying the combinatorial use of ICTs. Originality/value This paper highlights that understanding the combinatorial use ICTs in complex work environments could have significant implications for productivity and efficiency of individuals and corporations. This paper serves as a catalyst for on-going research conversations regarding combinatorial ICT use, while assisting organizational communication researchers and practitioners in describing, theorizing and advancing ICT implementation, use and outcomes.
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Alhassan, Muftawu Dzang, and Ibrahim Osman Adam. "The social impacts of information and communication technology on sustainable development." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00038_1.
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In this study, we examine the empirical relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) development and sustainable development and explore whether the social impacts of ICTs can play a mediating role in this linkage. Given the concentration of previous literature on the effects of ICT use on sustainable development, there exists a gap in the linkage between ICT development, social impacts of ICTs, and sustainable development. Drawing on data from secondary sources from 143 countries globally for 2016, we validate a hypothesized model based on the capabilities approach and structural equation modelling to examine these linkages. Our findings show that ICT development through ICT access has a dual role on sustainable development. First, by spurring sustainable development directly and indirectly when the social impacts of ICTs act as a mediator. We provide some implications for practice and policy.
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Hola, Barbora. "Sentencing of International Crimes at the ICTY and ICTR." Amsterdam Law Forum 4, no. 4 (September 1, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.37974/alf.233.
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Jia, Bing Bing. "The Legacy of the ICTY and ICTR in China." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009107.
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Legacy is a matter that may become topical when its creator finally stops producing. Normally, the silent years would be many before the thought of legacy enters into open, formal discourse among lawyers and decision-makers. This comment treats the meaning of the word as relative to the circumstances in which it is invoked. The more closely it is used in relation to the present, the more distant it drifts from its literal meaning, to the extent that it denotes what the word “impact” signifies. This essay questions whether the word “legacy” is apt in describing the footprint of the work of the two ad hoctribunals in China, where its influence has, as a matter of fact, been waning ever since the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 1998 (“Rome Statute” ). The Chinese example suggests that the work of the tribunals is (at least so far) no more significant to international criminal law than the illustrious Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials of the 1940s. The most major impact (a more apposite term than legacy) of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) for China may be that China’s policy with regard to the tribunals, manifested mostly in the United Nations, has determined its approach to the International Criminal Court (“ICC” ). For that, the work of the tribunals could be considered as having left China something in the nature of an indirect legacy.
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Luban, David. "Demystifying Political Violence: Some Bequests of ICTY and ICTR." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009119.
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As Sara Kendall and Sarah M. H. Nouwen rightly notice, “legacy” is a big word, and it may be too soon even to begin to evaluate the legacies of the international criminal tribunals. Legacies are whatever future generations take from the tribunals. That, obviously, is in their hands, not the hands of the tribunals. So the question of legacies is more properly a question of bequests, and the inquiry must be a modest one: how do we evaluate the successes and failures of the tribunals in the here and now rather than the further future? Failures matter as well as successes, and as in science, failures can be as instructive and useful as successes. For example, many observers concluded that the tribunals, operating in The Hague and Arusha without an initial ground game in former Yugoslavia or Rwanda, were too far removed from the peoples who experienced the crimes; that perception helped motivate the movement toward hybrid tribunals. If that is right, the hybrid model counts amongthe “legacies” oftheInternational Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), if only in the negative way that they exposed a problem the hybrids tried to remedy. As another example, Kendall and Nouwen remarkthat the impunity of the RPF has also become part of ICTR’s legacy. That too would be an instructive failure—instructive, in this case, as a foretaste of how difficult it is to prosecute cases against an intransigent government in power, a lesson that the International Criminal Court’s (ICC)troubles in Sudan and Kenya confirm.
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Chlevickaitė, Gabrielė, Barbora Holá, and Catrien Bijleveld. "Judicial Witness Assessments at the ICTY, ICTR and ICC." Journal of International Criminal Justice 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqaa002.
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Abstract Accurate assessment of witness testimonies underpins judicial fact-finding at international criminal courts and tribunals (ICCTs). However, the lack of formal assessment criteria and uncoordinated methods, coupled with advances in the scientific understanding of the psychology of witnessing, calls for a re-examination of the judicial practice. This study critically evaluates the state of the art of witness assessments at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and the International Criminal Court (ICC), based on all the trial judgments issued in 1996–2019. The analysis results in a consolidation of this ad hoc, constantly evolving jurisprudence, into a framework that has been in development since the 1990s. The authors reflect upon the scientific validity of the criteria used throughout the analysis, based on up-to-date findings from psychology and criminology, and identify the areas that would most benefit from standardized procedures.
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Peterson, Ines. "Criminal Responsibility for Omissions in ICTY and ICTR Jurisprudence." International Criminal Law Review 18, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 749–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01805004.
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The present article analyses the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) jurisprudence on omission liability – as a perpetrator or accomplice – for crimes actively committed by others. After explaining how the Tribunals have applied the concept in relation to specific modes of liability, an in-depth assessment of the case law is undertaken with respect to relevant duties to act, the material ability to behave in accordance with such duties, the link between a failure to do so and the commission of crimes, as well as the requisite mens rea. The intellectual foundations of this form of liability remain, to a large extent, unexplored and unexplained in the jurisprudence, which sometimes even appears to treat omissions and actions as equivalent. The article addresses the potentially far-reaching implications of the Tribunals’ findings for the future and explores some of the questions yet unanswered.
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Holá, Barbora, Catrien Bijleveld, and Alette Smeulers. "Consistency of international sentencing: ICTY and ICTR case study." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 5 (September 2012): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812453112.
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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda are the first, post Cold War international criminal tribunals convicting perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Their sentencing practice has been largely criticized as inconsistent. This quantitative study addresses the criticism and empirically investigates the consistency of international sentencing. The extent to which the selected factors predict sentence length is tested in a multiple regression analysis. The analysis suggests that similar, legally relevant patterns have emerged in the sentencing practice of both tribunals. Sentencing in international criminal practice does not appear to be less consistent than sentencing under domestic jurisdictions.
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Mehmood, Bilal, Azka Arif Malik, and Rabia Khalid. "ICT Augmented Gravity Model Application: Sector Level Analysis of the Asia-Pacific Region." Revista Digital Mundo Asia Pacífico 10, no. 18 (July 2021): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/map.v10.i18.03.
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The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in commerce improves the commercial structure and economic capacity of a country. This study empirically assesses the impact of ICTs on international trade in 36 countries in Asia and the Pacific, at the sectoral level, between 2007 and 2018. The study evaluates whether ICTs improve international trade by hiring the gravity model of international trade and increasing it with the ICT variable. An ICT development indicator (IDI) is formed by joining seven different ICT variables that show ICT infrastructure, use, and skills. Using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique, this study shows that ICTs improve trade by reducing transaction costs. The findings reveal that information and communication technology positively and significantly influence international trade in all sectors of the Asia-Pacific region, and that trade intensifies when both trading partners have a high endowment of information and communications technology. The study recommends that governments in developing countries upgrade their ICT infrastructure levels.
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Camarena, Leonor, and Federica Fusi. "Always Connected: Technology Use Increases Technostress Among Public Managers." American Review of Public Administration 52, no. 2 (November 8, 2021): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740211050387.
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Despite the growing use and adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in government, few studies investigate how ICTs impact the well-being of public managers in the workplace. Information system and psychology studies define “technostress” as a form of stress stemming from the social and technical changes brought by ICTs use. Public managers likely experience technostress as ICTs become pervasive in their professional and private life and add new demands to their workload. Using nationwide 2014 survey data of 2,500 local government managers, we focus on technology use and individual and organizational practices around ICT use to investigate their effect on technostress. We find that ICT use for professional purposes increases technostress, but public organizations can reduce technostress by providing policies and guidelines on ICT use. Personal use of ICTs and electronic monitoring do not affect technostress. We discuss implications for technology and human resource management in public organizations.
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Vasa, László, and Nikola Trendov. "Farmers’ experience in adoption and usage of ICT solutions for agriculture in the Republic of Macedonia." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 14, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2020/2-3/3.
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The adoption of new of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in farming activities becoming crucial for developing countries in order to meet the challenges of rapidly growing populations, urbanization and arable agricultural land declination. Because of it, each farmers’ organization or farmer has to concern their agricultural products and services more towards modernized and ICT related routine. The attempt has been made to analyze the reaction of the Macedonian farmers towards ICTs as a source of reliable and timely information about e-banking, online purchasing/selling, marketing, input and output optimization, increased revenue, remote farm management process etc. Semi-structured questionnaire was used for interviewing 132 semi-experienced and experienced farmers that use ICTs as sample for the research. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistics tool like correlation and Rank Based Quotient (RBQ). The findings showed that farmers stressed the cost of ICTs, lack of training, trust level in the government institutions, and lack of ICT infrastructure are thresholds for ICTs adoption and use in agriculture. This research contributes to understand the adoption and use of ICT, identify the constraints associated with ICT use and propose recommendations towards the improvement of ICTs for agriculture in the Republic of Macedonia.
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Milek, Anne, Christoph Stork, and Alison Gillwald. "Engendering communication: a perspective on ICT access and usage in Africa." info 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2011): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636691111131493.
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PurposeInformation communication technologies (ICTs) are widely seen as having the potential to contribute positively to economic growth and development and to improve the livelihoods and quality of life of individuals and households and yet access to ICTs and usage of them remains highly inequitable. This paper aims to identify areas of inequality in access to ICTs between men and women in Africa.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the Research ICT Africa (RIA) household and individual ICT survey conducted in 17 African countries between 2007/2008 the paper provides an empirical basis for assessing gender dimensions of ICT access and usage. Additionally, focus group studies were conducted in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda to gain a greater qualitative understanding of access to and usage of ICTs from a gender perspective.FindingsAlthough the results confirmed in many countries the widely held belief that men have greater access to ICTs than women in some instances more women than men owned mobile phones such as in South Africa and Mozambique. In Cameroon women were found to have greater knowledge of the internet than their male counterparts. Most significantly perhaps is the finding that when women have similar income, education and employment status they have comparable access to ICTs as their male counterparts. However, as women generally do not have the same access to those core factors that enhance ICT access and usage, their access to ICT is generally lower.Originality/valueThe quantitative as well as focus group results of this study confirm gender differences in access to ICTs, raising important questions about the points of policy intervention to redress such imbalances.
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Vesisenaho, Mikko, Jyri Kemppainen, Carolina Islas, Matti Tedre, and Erkki Sutinen. "Contextualizing ICT in Africa: The Development of the CATI model in Tanzanian Higher Education." African Journal of Information & Communication Technology 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2006): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajict.v2i2.23.
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In many parts of Africa the application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in higher education institutions offers a particularly interesting research problem. This is because of the far-reaching consequences that information and communication technology (ICT) services and education have on the university graduates during their careers in African societies. Our extensive and well-documented experience of utilizing ICTs in a Tanzanian private university has lead us to propose a four-level approach, called CATI model, that can be used as the basis for implementing new ICTs, for evaluating how ICT is used, and for planning ICT education in developing countries. We conceptually categorize the four levels that we use in our model – contextualize, apply, transfer and import – as an ethnocomputing approach. This four-level model enable educators to use ICT services and ICT education in African universities in a way that will prepare university graduates to make a positive contribution to their own societies. The success of this model is attributable to the emphasis that we placed on local needs and creativity and on applications of ICTs that were sensitive to local culture, conditions and understanding.
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Igun, Stella E. "Gender and National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policies in Africa." International Journal of ICT Research and Development in Africa 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-847-0.ch013.
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This chapter discusses the importance of incorporating gender aspects into the national ICT policies in Africa. The mention of gender issues in national ICT policies in Africa is still very scanty (where they exist). Many countries in Africa have no clear gender aspects incorporated into their national ICT policies. The chapter focuses on the imperativeness of ICTs to the livelihood of women in Africa, the need and urgency of increasing and encouraging women participation in all aspects of ICTs. The enactment and implementation of ICT policies and strategies targeting women population in both rural and urban areas is inevitable. Thus, status of gender inequality of ICT in Africa, strategies geared towards addressing gender inequalities in ICT in Africa and gender and ICT perspectives were discussed.
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Lamm, Kevan, Alexa Lamm, Kristin Davis, Jyothi Swaroop, and Leslie Edgar. "Identifying Information and Communication Technology Use Capacity Needs of Extension Networks." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26304.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the potential to address critical considerations within rural advisory service (RAS) networks, specifically, getting the right information to audiences in a timely and appropriate manner. ICTs are technologies that facilitate knowledge and information sharing. For RAS networks, ICTs can be an important tool to ensure that both explicit and tacit information is shared with network members with the anticipated benefit of increased capacity of the network. Although the importance of ICTs are well documented within the literature, there are limited guidelines for what specific network capacities in ICT use are needed to better provide support for RAS providers to fulfill their responsibilities. Using the Delphi process, a panel of 31 experts from 24 countries arrived at consensus on 51 specific ICT use capacities associated with effective RAS networks. The results of the research provide a practical framework for RAS providers and networks to develop ICT use related capacity building and tactical planning activities. Keywords: Information Communication Technology (ICT); ICT use; Delphi; evaluation; capacity assessment
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Ugochukwu Okwudili Matthew, Jazuli Sanusi Kazaure, Ado Saleh Kazaure, Ubochi Chibueze Nwamouh, Andrew Chinonso Nwanagwaugwu, and Oluwafemi Olalere Olawoyin. "ICT Policy Implementation as Correlate for Achieving Educational Sustainability: Approaching Development in Multi ICT Dimensions." December 2022 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2022.4.001.
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The advancement in the national policy with regard to Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education has been updated by the demand for consistent and corresponding implementation of national policy on ICT for tertiary education in Nigeria. The policy identified the criticality of ICTs in the fulfillment of the national technology aspirations in the perspective of attaining sustainable development goals. The current research surveyed the level of ICT deployment in Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic in relation to core ICT policy implementation framework and provided justification for the adoption of top ICT infrastructure in the digital-centric academic environment. The survey adopted quantitative research methodology to obtain information from four hundred and twenty respondents randomly selected from four units in the institution. The result of the research indicated that ICTs implementation within the educational management is fundamental to students’ academic accomplishment, job satisfaction, productivity, and globalization, becoming unmistakably obligatory for governments, teachers, and management of institutions in the contemporary time to prioritize ICTs and incorporate electronic changes for opportunities in the digital age.
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Das, Susmita, M. Nasiruddin Munshi, and W. Kabir. "The impact of ICTs on agricultural production in Bangladesh: A study with food crops." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v14i2.31247.
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Agricultural development cannot be understood without the use of modern technologies like Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The recent developments in ICTs offer a unique opportunity to bring the production enhancing tools and technologies to the growers with much cost effective manner. Worldwide, many studies were published on the role of application of ICTs in agricultural production. However, only a few studies were carried out to know the impact of ICT based service delivery system on agricultural production aspects in Bangladesh. Therefore an attempt has been made to find the impact of ICTs on agricultural production, especially in the food crops. Using a randomised survey with a questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussion, a study was carried out with a sample of 1990 farmers from a population comprises farmers all over the country. The findings from the study after counterfactual analysis and difference in differences analysis as well showed that with the application and use of ICTs, agricultural production was accelerated which was evident from the degree of increase of ICT to that of counterfactual is 0.49 and proved that the Boro rice production from the ICT based service area has increased more than that of non-ICT based area.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 78-89 (2016)
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Mohamed ACHAMRAH. "Understanding’s barriers of implementing ICTs in Moroccan High Schools from teachers’ perspectives." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 460–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0044.
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Today, the enormous progress in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has encouraged many countries to take advantage of ICTs in education. Morocco is not in isolation from this. Yet, the progress has often been insufficient. There is still a substantial gap concerning the availability of ICTs and their implementation methods in the Moroccan High schools, resulting in several thoughtful questions being raised for decision-makers and teachers equally. One of the main questions is what factors affect the successful implementation of ICTs in Moroccan High schools? Hence, the prominence of this paper is to find the answer to this question and other related questions from teachers’ perspectives. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative stances. A closed questionnaire was used to collect data from (134) Moroccan high school teachers, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with (20) other teachers. Generally, the results showed that ICTs were a vital device in improving teaching and learning outcomes. However, lack of resources, ICT skills among teachers, the insufficiency in ICT training, and deficiency of clear ICT policies, among other influences, were some challenges that affect the implementation of ICTs in Moroccan high schools.
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Ziemba, Ewa. "Factors Affecting the Adoption and Usage of ICTs within Polish Households." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 11 (2016): 089–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3507.
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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) encompassing computer and network hardware and software, and so on, as well as various services and applications associated with them, are assuming a growing presence within the modern homestead and have an indelible impact on the professional and everyday life of people. This research aims to explore factors influencing the successful adoption and usage of ICTs within Polish households. Based on prior literature and practical experiences, a framework of success factors is provided. The required data was collected from a survey questionnaire administered to a sample of Polish households to examine this framework and identifies which factors are of greatest importance for the adoption and usage of ICTs within households in Poland. Based on 751 questionnaires the paper indicates that the adoption of ICTs within households is mainly influenced by the economic status of households and cost of ICTs, perceived economic benefits from the usage of ICTs, technological availability and security of ICTs, ICT competences and awareness, as well as satisfaction with the adoption of ICTs. Furthermore, gender, education, and place of residence do not reflect significant differences on the factors. Yet, there are significant differences among the factors that could be attributed to age. Both, policy makers and ICT providers can benefit from the findings with regard to bridging the gap of ICT adoption and use in the Polish households.
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Lötter, H. P. P. "Are ICTs Prerequisites for the Eradication of Poverty?" International Review of Information Ethics 7 (September 1, 2007): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie31.
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I provide a philosophical analysis of the claim that ICTs are necessary preconditions for the eradication of poverty. What are the links between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and poverty? I first define technology and then give a brief depiction of ICTs. Thereafter I define poverty and give a brief expla-nation of its context and causes. Next I discuss the relationship between poverty and ICTs in three paradigm cases: [i] the role of ICTs in poor societies, [ii] the effect of poor ICT knowledge and skill of individuals in highly developed technological societies, and [iii] the impact of impoverished ICT knowledge and skills on the rich, powerful, and intelligent ones in society. I propose a procedure for decision making about the appropria-tion of ICTs by individuals and societies. I assess the claim that both access to ICTs and effective use of them are preconditions for the eradication of poverty.
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Hola, Barbora, Catrien Bijleveld, and Alette Smeulers. "Punishment for Genocide – Exploratory Analysis of ICTR Sentencing." International Criminal Law Review 11, no. 4 (2011): 745–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181211x587193.
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AbstractThe sentencing practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a relatively neglected topic in academic discussions. The few empirical studies on sentencing of international crimes have focused primarily on the sentencing practice of its 'sister court', the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Unlike ICTY defendants, almost all ICTR defendants have been convicted of and sentenced for genocide – arguably the most serious international crime. This empirical study examines the sentencing practice of the ICTR and analyses the relationship between sentence severity and the primary consideration in sentencing – crime gravity. The relevant principles stemming from ICTR case law are reviewed, followed by an examination of the interrelationship between sentence severity and factors relating to crime gravity, such as category of crime, scale of crime and the form and degree of a defendant's involvement in the crime. The ICTR judges appear in most cases to follow the main principles emphasized in their case law, with sentences gradated in line with the increasing seriousness of defendants' crimes and their culpability.
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Hellström, Eeva. "Conflict cultures – Qualitative Comparative Analysis of environmental conflicts in forestry." Silva Fennica Monographs 2001, no. 2 (2001): 1–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.sfm2.
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Owing to the internationalisation of the forestry debate and forest policy, there is growing need to conduct comparative forest policy research at an international scale. This research compares environmental confl icts in forestry in seven cases during 1984–1995. The cases include Finland, France, Minnesota USA, Norway, Pacifi c Northwest USA, Sweden and West Germany. The research is based on the notion that each society has its own ‘cultural’ ways of producing and managing environmental confl icts in forestry, depending on the social, political, economic, and resource characteristics of the society. The purpose of the study is to describe these confl ict cultures, to identify and analyse the societal aspects that impact them, and to discuss the implications of understanding confl icts as cultural phenomena. The research is based on focused interviews of multiple actors related to forest management and protection. For the data analysis, a ‘hermeneutic’ (interpretative and understanding) approach is introduced to Qualitative Comparative Analysis, the use of which has been dominated by causal applications. As a result of the analysis, models of confl ict cultures and confl ict management strategies are constructed. The model of confl ict cultures indicates three basic dimensions of confl ict culture, and defi nes how they are related to each other. These dimensions are mild vs. intense confl icts, separatist vs. co-operative relations between actors and stability vs. change in forest resource policy and use. The model of confl ict management strategies indicates to what extent the different cases place emphasis on interactive vs. institutional confl ict management, and the management of confl icting (sub)cultures within the society vs. the confl ict culture of the society.
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Marín-Vinuesa, Luz María, and Paula Rojas-García. "E-Learning Web-Apps Use Acceptance: A Way to Guide Perceived Learning Outcomes in Blended Learning." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032136.
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This study empirically examines the effects of the acceptance of e-learning Web-apps by student on the learning outcomes achieved with their use. With this objective, two theoretically recognized purposes for use these apps were tested in a blended learning model, as a way to change the traditional face-to-face classrooms activities (apps we called ICTf) and as a virtual evaluation platform in learning (ICTv apps). The data was collected through online surveys from university students of a blended Master’ degree, enrolled in different specialties. PLS-SEM analysis of the data was performed. A proportion of the variance of student learning outcomes was explained by the level of ICTv acceptance. However, the positive effect of the ICTf acceptance on this performance was not significant. Heterogeneity was observed in students’ ratings on the acceptance of the Web-apps by different master’s specialties, and it was higher in ICTf than in ICTv. Our research highlights the important role that the acceptance of use of electronic learning resources plays in boosting their effective learning performance.