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EROL, GIZEM. "Glycan-coated nanoparticles as inhibitors of specific lectins, a new neuroprotective therapeutic strategy for brain injury caused by ischemia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403116.
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I glicani sono strutture composte da diversi monosaccaridi che formano la porzione di carboidrati tipica delle glicoproteine, dei glicolipidi o dei proteoglicani e sono coinvolti in diverse funzioni fisiologiche. I glicani che sono esposti sulla superficie dei patogeni (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMP) rappresentano un segnale riconosciuto dalle lectine del sistema del complemento, una componente importante del sistema immunitario, tra cui ci sono le ficoline e mannose-binding lectin (MBL). Studi condotti in modelli sperimentali di ictus ischemico e studi clinici nei pazienti hanno dimostrato che MBL contribuisce al danno cerebrale endoteliale attivando cascate di tipo trombo-infiammatorio. Il riconoscimento di segnali di danno (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMP) esposti sulle cellule endoteliali ischemiche è l’evento che scatena queste cascate tossiche.
L’ictus è una delle maggiori cause di mortalità e disabilità permanente nel mondo e dipende dalla rottura (ictus emorragico) o dall’occlusione (ictus ischemico) di un vaso cerebrale. L’ictus ischemico rappresenta il tipo più frequente e si verifica in circa 88% dei casi. Nonostante alcuni progressi nella cura, come l’introduzione della trombectomia meccanica, e nella prevenzione, la patologia rimane un problema medico irrisolto. Sarebbe quindi auspicabile l’identificazione di nuovi target terapeutici. In questo contesto MBL rappresenta un potenziale bersaglio farmacologico.
L’obiettivo principale di questa tesi è stato di identificare potenziali inibitori di MBL sviluppando ed utilizzando una robusta sequenza di test in vitro e in vivo.
Inizialmente abbiamo utilizzato un approccio in vitro mettendo a punto un saggio con Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) che ci ha permesso di identificare i ligandi zuccherini con miglior affinità di legame a MBL. Abbiamo dimostrato che l’aumento della multivalenza dei leganti disponibili, ottenuta avvalendoci di nanoparticelle d’oro funzionalizzate con residui di mannosio (Man-GNP), permette un’efficace targeting di MBL in vitro. Abbiamo quindi utilizzato cellule immortalizzate in coltura derivate da microvasi cerebrali umani (ihBMEC), dimostrando, con tecnica Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), che le glicoproteine esposte sulla loro superficie cambiano se sottoposte ad uno stimolo ipossico, aumentando l’esposizione di residui di mannosio, il target principale di MBL. Abbiamo osservato che le ihBMEC ipossiche trattate con 20 μg/mL di Man-GNP hanno ridotto il loro profilo infiammatorio, con particolare riferimento all’espressione di ICAM-1 e MMP-2, due marcatori infiammatori vascolari. Questo effetto è stato accompagnato dalla riduzione della deposizione di MBL sulla superficie vascolare. Nell’ultima parte del progetto abbiamo testato l’efficacia del trattamento con Man-GNP in un modello murino di ictus ischemico, sfruttando un ceppo animale umanizzato, quindi deleto per le due isoforme murine di MBL e knock-in per quella umana. Il trattamento, quando confrontato con quello con GNP coniugate al glucosio, che non legano MBL, non ha però dimostrato un effetto neuroprotettivo sui deficit sensorimotori dopo ischemia. In ogni caso la somministrazione sistemica delle Man-GNP si è dimostrata sicura e futuri esperimenti permetteranno di definire una strategia di trattamento migliore, volta ad aumentare la biodisponibilità della molecola.
In conclusione, questa tesi ha descritto una pipeline sperimentale per screenare diverse molecole con il potenziale di agire come inibitori di MBL, partendo da un approccio in vitro su chip (SPR), fino ad approcci in vitro su modelli cellulari ed in vivo su modelli animali di patologia. Gli studi in vitro indicano che le Man-GNP inibiscono MBL, ma la loro efficacia in vivo resta da dimostrare.Glycans are chain-like structures of many monosaccharides which create the carbohydrate portion of glycoconjugates such as a glycoproteins, glycolipids, or proteoglycans, and are involved in many physiological functions. Glycans exposed on the surface of pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) are recognized by the lectin pathway of the complement system, one of the key components of innate immune system, through carbohydrate-binding lectins, such as mannose binding lectin (MBL) or ficolins. Experimental and clinical evidences indicate that MBL also drives secondary pathogenic thrombo-inflammation on the ischemic vasculature. MBL-mediated pathogenesis is initiated by its binding to the sugar moieties exposed on endothelial cell membranes after brain ischemia (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs), e.g. induced by stroke. Stroke is a major cause of disabilities and death worldwide and occurs by blockage or rupture of a brain artery (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke), with lack of oxygen supply to brain tissues and sudden death of brain cells. Ischemic stroke is the most common type, i.e. 88% of all the cases. Pathological events on the ischemic vessels include the activation of coagulation, contact/kinin, and complement cascades. However, despite recent substantial progress in prevention and management, stroke still remains a large unmet medical need. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed and MBL inhibitors have been proposed as potential neuroprotective agents. The main goal of this thesis was to identify potential MBL inhibitors, by developing and exploiting a robust pipeline of preclinical studies. At first, an in vitro Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based assay was developed to identify MBL ligands/inhibitors and determine their affinities for MBL. The novel assay was extensively characterized and proved to be reliable and convenient. The results obtained with different ligands (e.g. monomeric mannose, a new glycan carrying nine mannose residues and mannose-coated gold nanoparticles (Man-GNPs)) confirmed that multivalency markedly increases the affinity. Accordingly, Man-GNPs were selected as the best MBL-binding ligand for the following studies, which were carried out in a cell model mimicking the ischemic injury. i.e. immortalized human brain vascular endothelial cells (i-hBMECs) subjected to hypoxia and re-oxygenated in the presence of MBL. At first, a novel Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based biosensor assay was developed which showed that mannose and N-acetylglucosamine —i.e. target sugars of MBL— are actually overexpressed by cells following hypoxic conditions. Consistently, it was observed that deposition of MBL on the cell surface is increased by hypoxia and this effect is counteracted by Man-GNPs, at non- toxic concentrations (20 ug/mL). Further studies showed that hypoxic cells overexpress inflammatory genes, in particular ICAM-1, in a MBL-dependent manner and this effect was prevented by Man-GNPs. These results prompted to test Man-GNPs in vivo, in mice expressing human MBL (hMBL KI) and subjected to transient cerebral arterial occlusion, to have a mice model of stroke. The administration of Man-GNPs to these mice did not result in toxic effects but also did not protect from the MBL-dependent stroke effects. In conclusion, the work described in this thesis provides a full and robust pipeline for the preclinical studies of MBL inhibitors, with potential anti-stroke activities. Among MBL inhibitors, Man-GNPs were identified in vitro as the most promising one, and cell studies confirmed their ability to prevent MBL targeting to hypoxia-induced DAMPs, and the following inflammatory profile. However, the initial studies did not confirm efficacy in vivo, possibly for pharmacokinetic reasons which need to be further clarified.
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Hailegebriel, Debebe. "Prosecution of genocide at international and national courts: a comparative analysis of approaches by ICTY/ICTR and Ethiopia/Rwanda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1072.
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"This paper deals with the prosecution of a crime of crimes, genocide, at international and national levels. The international community has shown interest in penalizing perpetrators of gross human rights violations since the Nuremberg trial, and then the adoption of the 1948 UN Genocide Convention. After these times, significant numbers of international tribunals, although at an ad hoc level, have been established to punish gross violations of human rights including the crime of genocide. Along with these tribunals, quite a number of national courts have engaged in the prosecution of genocide. Nevertheless, due to legal and practical problems, the two legal systems are adopting different approaches to handle the matter, although the crime is one and the same. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to assess critically where the difference lies, the cause and impact of the disparity on the rights of the accused to fair trial. Moreover, the study will posit some recommendations that might assist to ameliorate this intermittent situation." -- Synopsis.
"This work consists of five chapters. Chapter one is addressing the general introduction of the work, and it has already been discussed. Chapter two deals with the crime of genocide and its criminal responsibility as indicated under different national and international laws. The third chapter is devoted to focus on the right to fair trial and the prosecution of genocide, and specifically addresses the issues of the right to legal assistance, speedy trial, obtain and examine evidence, and sentencing. In chapter four the role of the Rome Statue in protecting the rights of the accused, its impact on on national laws, the complementarities of the International Criminal Court and national courts will be discussed. Finally, the work will come to an end by giving concluding remarks and recommendations under the fifth chapter." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Onoria at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Ciaghi, Aaron. "Standardizing ICT for Development: Towards the Definition of a Standard Process and Maturity Model for ICTD Projects." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368172.
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The use of ICTs to stimulate socio-economic development has significantly grown in popularity in the recent years and has been boosted by the “mobile revolution†of the last decade. Despite the multi-year experience of academics, donor agencies and businesses, the failure rate of ICT for Development projects is still very high, resulting in a significant waste of resources. The multiple challenges that must be faced simultaneously in these projects make them more difficult than “traditional†ICT projects and recommendations such as best practices to face them have been suggested over the years. Nonetheless, the systematic replicability of these practices has never been addressed and project management and formalized development processes that address the particular challenges of the domain are extremely rare. This thesis presents a Maturity Model derived from the experience of researchers and practitioners, collected through an extensive literature review and interviews, that aims at providing a set of guidelines to be used throughout an ICT for Development intervention to increase the probability of success.
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Lindemann, Lena [Verfasser]. "Referral of Cases from International to National Criminal Jurisdictions : Transferring Cases from the ICTY and the ICTR to National Jurisdictions / Lena Lindemann." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1110056044/34.
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Thurston, Michael D. "Should We Press the Victims: The Uneven Support for International Criminal Tribunals." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/33.
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International criminal tribunals rely on international support. However, in the case of the ICTY and the ICTR, international support has been uneven. I argue that this uneven support is related to the post-atrocity status of the domestic governing authority. In cases where the governing authority retains the status of victim, as in Rwanda following the 1994 Tutsi genocide, the international community has been reluctant to back the ICTR in its attempts to prosecute all participants of the 1994 genocide. In cases where the governing authority retains the status of perpetrator, as in Serbia following the Bosnian genocide of the 1990s, the international community has been more supportive of the ICTY. In cases where the post-atrocity status is mixed, as in Croatia, the backing of the international community of the ICTY has been similarly mixed.
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Coetzee, Coenraad J. W. "ICT convergence : impact on Namibian ICT operators." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19806.
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Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007.Today we face a reality where existing power relations concerning economical, political and cultural institutions and forces are changing. It is about more than just the right to use a technology in itself; it is a matter of having, or not having, access to infonnation and knowledge. The use of information and communications technology (lCT) is an important and powerful tool when it comes to distributing and sharing these resources (Bridges.arg, 2006). The unequal distribution of and the differences in the possibility to use rer effectively are often referred to by the term digital divide (DDN, 2006). Does this sound quite pessimistic? However, a change is taking place since all countries on earth from the richest to the poorest are actually increasing their Ier usage. The problem is that the developed countries are using convergence (three separate communication sectors: information technology, telecommunications and broadcasting merging to become a single communication service sector) to escalate their access to and use of ICf at a much higher speed, which in fact widens the digi tal divide instead of shrinking it (Bridges.org, 2006). Today no country can afford to neglect investments in ICf if it wishes to raise its living standards or to prevent it from being left behind as other countries exploits the possibilities of ICf. Why is ICf considered to be an effective tool for bridging the international digita1 divide? On the United Nations Development Programme's website one can read: " .. .ICf is an increasi ngly powerful tool for participating in global markets; promoting political accountability; improving the delivery of basic services; and enhancing local development opportunities" (UNOP, 2003). These aspects can be of great importance for developing countries in their effort to gain economic development and improvements. Furthermore, it is also a question about every human's right to have access to infonnation (Sida, 2004). According to Steve Case (AOL Time Warner, Chainnan of the Board) every decade has some word associated with it. In the 'SOs, it was the PC. In the '90s, it was the Internet. For the rest of this decade, the key word is going to be convergence (Thompson, 2003). In Namibia a digital divide exists between income groups as well as between the country's rural and urban population. Namibia is sti ll far from providing equal access to information, but Namibia is well positioned to deploy ICf to its advantage. Namibia has a functional telecommunication infrastructure, political stability and an attractive economic environment for investors. However. the geographic and social challenges of Namibia require innovative approaches and considerable effort. Competition and convergence will improve the situation. recommended to expand the set of potential drivers and specifically focus on the relation between convergence and economic growth.
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Chen, Jane Y. "Stress in ICU and non-ICU nurses." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38019.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Nurses are subjected to occupational stress factors that can result in the syndrome of burnout. This study compared levels of burnout in nurses in a medical-surgical ICU setting to those in non-ICU medical-surgical settings. A randomized sample of 40 nurses of an urban hospital in Taiwan, twenty nurses in an ICU and 20 in five non-ICU settings (general medical-surgical wards), who returned the questionnaire used to measure burnout, were included in the study. The instrument utilized was the Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals. The study found no significant difference in levels of burnout in the two groups. Both groups in this study experienced a higher level of burnout than was reported in other studies in United States literature. In particular, two general medical-surgical wards which had high patient/nurse ratios, had very high levels of burnout. The study also found that all nurses with lower educational levels and ICU nurses with more years of work experience had more burnout.
2031-01-01
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Abbasi, Salma. "Women and ICT in Muslim countries : policies, practices and challenges." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/5d56f72f-4ce5-4a5f-7196-22bc9ff0bec1/7/.
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This thesis explores the challenges and barriers that influence women's engagement with ICTs in Muslim countries, particularly in Pakistan. It examines the extent to which ICT policies, plans and strategies for 24 countries refer to women, and the implications that this has for their experience of ICTs. It analyses the cultural and social constraints on women's engagement with ICTs. Empirical research was conducted in five regions of Pakistan using documentary analysis, interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. The research shows that involving women in the ICT policy formulation process does not necessarily guarantee effective and inclusive ICT policies. Supporting Thas et al. (2007) and Chowdhury and Khanam (2005) it suggests that women from diverse sections of society with real knowledge of cultural and social contexts need to be involved in policy making if it is to be of benefit to women. Building on the work of Wanasundera (2006) and Hafkin (2002), the research suggests that ICT policies cannot be gender-neutral in countries such as Pakistan, where prevailing patriarchal social structures limit understandings of the constraints faced by women in effectively utilising ICTs in their individual and collective interests. The use and impact of ICTs depends greatly on class, education and geographical location (Gurumurthy, 2004; Jorge, 2002). ICT policies/programmes appear to cater mainly for the needs of wealthy, upper and middle class educated urban women. Thus ICTs have negligible benefits for the lower class poor, uneducated rural women (Arun et al., 2004). This research also highlights critical gaps in our understanding of the interface between ICTs, women and development (Momsen, 2004). Women face a wide range of social barriers in their use of ICTs, based on their environments, immersed in tradition and cultural norms. This research identifies substantial barriers that appear to be unaddressed in the design of ICT projects and guidebooks.
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Baduza, Gugulethu Qhawekazi. "A needs-ICTD strategy alignment framework foundation for the measurement of ICTD impact." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011116.
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Many Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) projects are established with the overall aim of positively developing the communities they are implemented in. However, the solutions that are provided are often commonly developed without the needs of these communities being sufficiently investigated beforehand. As a result the ICTD strategy of the project ends up not well aligned with the aims and targets of the needs of the community. As a result of this, an appropriate programme theory for the project and relevant impact indicators fail to be adequately developed. Consequently, when an impact assessment is conducted it is often found that the intended effects are not directly linked to the needs of the community or what the community had hoped to gain from the ICTD initiative. The purpose of this research serves to develop a needs-ICTD strategy alignment foundation that supports the identification and formulation of impact assessment indicators. Through this research, a framework is developed to support the alignment of ICTD strategy, the development and the promotion of contextual needs of rural communities and other frequently marginalized areas. The Needs-ICTD strategy alignment framework is composed of eight main components that describe the process that can be used to align ICTD strategy with community needs. These components include: collaboration between the internal and external stakeholders, the development of the community, conducting baseline studies, the needs assessment, the ICTD strategy, linking of the needs-ICTD strategy, and lastly the identification of impact indicators. An interpretive research approach is used to explore and inform the framework through a multi-case study investigation of the Siyakhula Living Lab and two projects in the Systems Application Products (SAP) Living Lab. Two main case study questions drive the exploration of the framework, that being: 1) How are the needs of the community elicited and how is the ICTD strategy aligned to the needs of the community? 2) And, why were the selected approaches chosen for aligning the needs of the community and ICTD strategy? Data for this research was collected qualitatively through interviews, document analysis and participant observation. Key findings indicate that the involvement of internal (local) stakeholders in the development and alignment of ICTD strategy to the needs of the community is still lacking. As a consequence, many community members end up not fully understanding the project objectives and how these objectives aims are to be achieved. The research also finds that ‘solution specific’ projects also fail communities as they focus specifically on one target group and repeatedly fail to assist the community holistically in supporting their information and their community development needs.
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Brodén, Veronica. "An investigation into the connections between new ICTs, universities, and poverty reduction. : A comparative study of SIDA-SAREC ICT projects at universities in Tanzania and Nicaragua." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-65994.
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There has been an increased focus on ICT-related projects in development cooperation in the last decade based on the assumption that ICTs expands opportunities for economic growth as well as for poverty reduction. This is also the case with the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). I wanted to better understand the reasoning behind the increased focus on ICT. Specifically I have chosen to look at SIDA’s policies and projects with universities in Tanzania and Nicaragua to understand how different stakeholders perceive that increased ICT use at universities can affect poverty reduction. Some questions guiding my research are: In what ways can these ICT investments meet the development goals of SIDA, and might do these ICT investments theoretically fit into a national system of innovation?
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Hutchinson, Kelly Anne, and kellyhutchinson@gmail com. "Mapping the dynamics of social enterprise and ICTs in Cambodia: a study of perception, use and benefit of ICT in development of the social enterprise space." RMIT University. Business Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080213.144134.
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As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and social enterprises become drivers of economic growth, the nexus provides opportunities for new models of business to bring benefits to communities in developing countries. Recognising the complex dynamics and range of actors in this diverse and emerging sector, this study chooses to document the external influences, use and impact of ICT on social enterprises. The problem investigated is the potential gap between the rhetoric of the 'promise of e-business' versus the dynamics of enactment and impacts of ICT in practice in the social enterprise sector. The methodology consists of a mixed-method data collection strategy to triangulate data sources from a diverse cross-section of organisations in the social enterprise sector in Cambodia. These include a cross-sectional survey, interviews, observations, document analysis and review of artefacts. It is unclear whether the Cambodian social enterprise sector represents a unique case or is representative of other countries. Regardless, the rich dynamics of the sector and the current lack of understanding of ICT use by this sector in developing countries per se warrant such a study. It fills a significant gap in the field of ICT and development by providing an in-depth overview of the social enterprise sector in one developing country, which may also be applicable in other developing country contexts. The research maps the e-business status of Cambodian social enterprises along a continuum from precursor activity to fully integrated e-services. It finds that Cambodian social enterprises believe ICT adds value to their operation; however access to affordable and reliable local ICT resources is an important factor determining long-term uptake. It also shows that external support is seen as vital to the success of ICT uptake by social enterprises in Cambodia. Donors have the most significant influence on social enterprises' framing of ICT, whilst NGOs, associations and the private sector are also important institutional players in shaping understanding and uptake of ICT. The main contribution of the research is to identify the real development impact of ICT use by social enterprises by measuring the role of ICTs in achieving their goals. Its major finding is that social and business missions are inextricably linked within these organisations, so to measure one in isolation of the other denies the new paradigm that social enterprises present. The most active sub-sector explored that best reflects this unique value proposition is the emerging social outsourcing potential of the IT services sub-sector. The handicraft and processing sub-sectors have yet to fully engage and use ICT to their maximum benefit. The outlook for these sub-sectors is likely to require further support to best harness the potential that ICT can bring developing countries.
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Gacic, Azra. "Bosnienkriget och ICTY : -tidens rättvisa?" Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-7113.
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au, J. Green@murdoch edu, and Joanne Helen Green. "ICTs : empowering Western Australian women?" Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071114.114223.
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The idea that women are empowered through their learning and use of ICTs (ICTs are defined as computers, the Internet, and e-mail for the purposes of this thesis) has been adopted by international development agencies and the governments of most nations throughout the world. Hence, many agencies and governments have made courses on computers, the Internet, and e-mail available to women with the aim of empowering them.
Empowerment is defined variously and has at its core the social, political, and economic development of women to create equality and challenge patriarchy. Womens empowerment seeks to bring about societal change that will create conditions and structures that foster and maintain gender equality in all facets of life.
This thesis examines the notion of womens empowerment through ICTs. The first section of the thesis uses development and empowerment literature to define, explain, and critique womens empowerment and the conditions under which it is supposed to operate. The second section presents, analyses, and discusses the data collected from a questionnaire answered by some Western Australian women on their experiences of ICTs courses offered by the Western Australian government and their subsequent life changes. The questionnaire was designed to establish whether or not women are empowered to create societal change and challenge patriarchy, as suggested in literature.
The results from the questionnaire show that the majority of the women in the cohort were empowered to the intrapersonal (or micro-) level only. Hence, there was little evidence for the majority of women of the interpersonal (or meso-) level and no evidence of the societal (macro-) level empowerment of the women through ICTs. Therefore, this study does not support the contention that women are empowered through ICTs.
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MENDONÇA, Thaiane Alves. "ATLAS LINGUÍSTICO DE ICATU (ALinI)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1613.
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El Atlas Lingüístico de Icatu tiene el objetivo de identicar y mapear las variaciones léxicas encontradas en esa localidad para ampliar el conocimiento del portugués hablado en Brasil y, consecuentemente, en Maranhão, además de ofrecer subsidios para las investigaciones en el área del lenguaje. Los presupuestos teórico metodológicos de la Dialectología y de la Geolingüística orientan el análisis de este trabajo, por medio de autores como Brandão, Coseriu, Ferreira y Cardoso, Isquerdo, Thun . El corpus de esta investigación es constituido de las respuestas obtenidas por medio de la aplicación del Cuestionario Semántico Lexical (QSL), elaborado por el Proyecto Atlas Lingüístico del Brasil (ALiB) y adaptado por el Proyecto Atlas Lingüístico del Maranhão. El cuestionario contiene 227 cuestiones que están distribuidas en 14 áreas semánticas: accidentes geográficos; fenómenos atmosféricos; astros y tiempo; actividades agropastoriles; fauna; cuerpo humano; ciclos de la vida; convivio y comportamiento social; religión y creencias; juegos y diversiones infantiles; espacios y habitaciones; alimentación y cocina; vestuario y accesorios; vida urbana. Se aplicó a 24 informantes en cuatro puntos de investigación, Icatu (sede), Itatuaba, Itapera, Anajatuba, con seis informantes en cada punto, distribuidos igualmente en tres fanjas etarias (franja etaria I - 18 a 30 años, franja etaria II - 50 a 65 años y franja etaria III - 70 años o más), en dos sexos (masculino y femenino). Además de esos criterios, se seleccionó el informante segundo el grado de escolaridad, naturalidad y ocupación o profesión. Basado en los datos obtenidos se elaboraron 227 cartas semántico léxicas en las que se presenta la variación lexical de los elementos investigados en el QSL, con el fin de registrar la memoria lingüística de esa comunidad. Los datos demuestran la riqueza y la gran diversidad del portugués hablado en la localidad. Como ejemplo tenemos las lexías chupa-água, aurinus, barreiro y caiporal, que corresponden, respectivamente, a los términos arco-íris, estrela d’alva, joão de barro y cigarro de palha, es necesario decir que esos términos no aparecieron en las encuestas realizadas por el Proyecto ALiMA en otras localidades de la Provincia de Maranhão.
O Atlas Linguístico de Icatu tem o objetivo de identificar e mapear as variações lexicais encontradas nessa localidade para ampliar o conhecimento do português falado no Brasil e, consequentemente, no Maranhão, além de oferecer subsídios para as pesquisas na área da linguagem. Os pressupostos teóricos-metodológicos da Dialetologia e da Geolinguística orientam a elaboração deste trabalho, através de autores como Brandão, Coseriu, Ferreira e Cardoso, Isquerdo, Thun,. O corpus desta pesquisa é constituído das respostas obtidas por meio da aplicação do Questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL), elaborado pelo Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) e adaptado pelo Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Maranhão (ALiMA). O questionário contém 227 questões que estão distribuídas em 14 áreas semânticas: acidentes geográficos; fenômenos atmosféricos; astros e tempo; atividades agropastoris; fauna; corpo humano; ciclos da vida; convívio e comportamento social; religião e crenças; jogos e diversões infantis; espaços e habitação; alimentação e cozinha; vestuário e acessórios; vida urbana. Foi aplicado a 24 informantes em quatro pontos de inquéritos, Icatu (sede), Itatuaba, Itapera e Anajatuba, sendo seis informantes em cada ponto, distribuídos igualmente em três faixas etárias (faixa etária I – 18 a 30 anos, faixa etária II – 50 a 65 anos e faixa etária III – 70 anos ou mais), em dois sexos (masculino e feminino). Além desses critérios, o informante foi selecionado segundo grau de escolaridade, naturalidade e ocupação ou profissão. Com base nos dados obtidos foram elaboradas 227 cartas semântico-lexicais em que se apresenta a variação lexical dos itens investigados no QSL, a fim de registrar a memória linguística dessa comunidade. Os dados demonstram a riqueza e a grande diversidade do português falado na localidade. Tomamos como exemplos as variantes lexicais chupa-água, aurinus, barreiro e caiporal, que correspondem, respectivamente, aos termos arco-íris, estrela d’alva, joão de barro e cigarro de palha, cabe ressaltar que esses termos não apareceram nos inquéritos realizados pelo Projeto ALiMA em outras localidades do Estado do Maranhão.
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Rose, Angela Gillian. "ICTs in Education in Africa." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21849.
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Green, Joanne Helen. "ICTs: empowering Western Australian women?" Thesis, Green, Joanne Helen (2005) ICTs: empowering Western Australian women? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/87/.
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The idea that women are empowered through their learning and use of ICTs (ICTs are defined as computers, the Internet, and e-mail for the purposes of this thesis) has been adopted by international development agencies and the governments of most nations throughout the world. Hence, many agencies and governments have made courses on computers, the Internet, and e-mail available to women with the aim of empowering them.
Empowerment is defined variously and has at its core the social, political, and economic development of women to create equality and challenge patriarchy. Women's empowerment seeks to bring about societal change that will create conditions and structures that foster and maintain gender equality in all facets of life.
This thesis examines the notion of women's empowerment through ICTs. The first section of the thesis uses development and empowerment literature to define, explain, and critique women's empowerment and the conditions under which it is supposed to operate. The second section presents, analyses, and discusses the data collected from a questionnaire answered by some Western Australian women on their experiences of ICTs courses offered by the Western Australian government and their subsequent life changes. The questionnaire was designed to establish whether or not women are empowered to create societal change and challenge patriarchy, as suggested in literature.
The results from the questionnaire show that the majority of the women in the cohort were empowered to the intrapersonal (or micro-) level only. Hence, there was little evidence for the majority of women of the interpersonal (or meso-) level and no evidence of the societal (macro-) level empowerment of the women through ICTs. Therefore, this study does not support the contention that women are empowered through ICTs.
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Green, Joanne Helen. "ICTs : empowering Western Australian women? /." Green, Joanne Helen (2005) ICTs: empowering Western Australian women? PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/87/.
Full textAbstract:
The idea that women are empowered through their learning and use of ICTs (ICTs are defined as computers, the Internet, and e-mail for the purposes of this thesis) has been adopted by international development agencies and the governments of most nations throughout the world. Hence, many agencies and governments have made courses on computers, the Internet, and e-mail available to women with the aim of empowering them.
Empowerment is defined variously and has at its core the social, political, and economic development of women to create equality and challenge patriarchy. Women's empowerment seeks to bring about societal change that will create conditions and structures that foster and maintain gender equality in all facets of life.
This thesis examines the notion of women's empowerment through ICTs. The first section of the thesis uses development and empowerment literature to define, explain, and critique women's empowerment and the conditions under which it is supposed to operate. The second section presents, analyses, and discusses the data collected from a questionnaire answered by some Western Australian women on their experiences of ICTs courses offered by the Western Australian government and their subsequent life changes. The questionnaire was designed to establish whether or not women are empowered to create societal change and challenge patriarchy, as suggested in literature.
The results from the questionnaire show that the majority of the women in the cohort were empowered to the intrapersonal (or micro-) level only. Hence, there was little evidence for the majority of women of the interpersonal (or meso-) level and no evidence of the societal (macro-) level empowerment of the women through ICTs. Therefore, this study does not support the contention that women are empowered through ICTs.
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Pérez, de la Ossa Herrero Natalia. "Código Ictus: Medidas para mejorar la calidad y efectividad en la atención precoz del ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117329.
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El tiempo es un factor primordial en la atención del ictus agudo, teniendo en cuenta la estrecha ventana terapéutica de las terapias de revascularización y el mayor beneficio del tratamiento en relación a la precocidad con se administre. La implementación de sistemas de Código Ictus (CI) coordinados entre los hospitales y el SEM permite reducir los tiempos de asistencia y duplicar la tasa de tratamiento trombolítico.
El principal objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es detectar los circuitos de CI que permiten una mayor efectividad del sistema. Para ello, se analizaron 1901 pacientes con activación del CI en la región del Barcelonès Nord i Maresme durante 7 años. Los resultados muestran que el origen de la activación del CI SEM con pre-aviso es la vía más efectiva: en comparación con la atención previa en un hospital comarcal, permitió reducir 80 minutos el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta la atención especializada y 40 minutos hasta el inicio del tratamiento trombolítico, incrementó el acceso a terapias de revascularización (50% vs 21%) y aumentó la probabilidad de buen pronóstico a los tres meses en los pacientes tratados, con una OR 2.71 tras ajustar por gravedad del ictus y por otros factores pronóstico. Además, el pre-aviso al centro receptor permitió reducir 15 minutos el tiempo puerta-aguja en relación a la activación del CI desde el servicio de urgencias en los pacientes que acuden por medios propios o sin pre-aviso.
En el segundo objetivo se validaron los resultados en 1326 pacientes tratados con tPAev en Catalunya durante 2 años. Los pacientes que acudieron al centro de referencia trasladados directamente por el SEM recibieron el tratamiento 40 minutos antes en comparación con los pacientes que fueron trasladados desde un hospital comarcal y 18 minutos antes en comparación con los que acudieron por medios propios. El tiempo transcurrido desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el tPAev fue un factor independiente asociado al pronóstico clínico a los 3 meses.
El tercer objetivo fue diseñar y validar una escala clínica simple que permita detectar, a nivel pre-hospitalario, los pacientes con oclusión arterial de gran vaso. La escala RACE (5 ítems) se diseñó en base a los ítems de la escala NIHSS con mayor capacidad predictiva de oclusión arterial de gran vaso en una cohorte retrospectiva de 654 pacientes con ictus isquémico de territorio anterior ingresados en nuestra unidad de ictus. Durante 18 meses, la escala RACE se cumplimentó por técnicos sanitarios del SEM en 263 pacientes trasladados vía CI. La escala RACE mostró una excelente correlación con la escala NIHSS (r=0.81) y una elevada capacidad predictiva de oclusión arterial (curva ROC: AUC 0.81). El mejor punto de corte se consideró para una escala RACE ≥ 4, con una sensibilidad de 0.86, especificidad de 0.63, valor predictivo positivo de 0.53, valor predictivo negativo de 0.90 y precisión global de 0.70 para la detección de oclusión arterial de gran vaso. La escala RACE es una herramienta clínica simple de uso pre-hospitalario que puede ser útil para detectar los pacientes con ictus agudo que deberían ser trasladados a un Centro Terciario de Ictus para valorar tratamiento endovascular.
Los resultados derivados del presente trabajo de investigación refuerzan la importancia de priorizar el circuito de CI SEM, dado que permite el acceso a terapias de revascularización de forma más precoz y un mayor beneficio clínico de los pacientes con ictus agudo. Además, el traslado vía SEM ofrece la posibilidad de realizar una valoración clínica pre-hospitalaria que permita decidir el destino más adecuado de los pacientes. Teniendo en cuenta que en Catalunya actualmente sólo el 60% de los pacientes con ictus agudo alertan al SEM, o incluso un menor porcentaje en determinadas regiones rurales, estos datos pueden ser de importante ayuda para la implementación de programas formativos y sistemas de mejora a diferentes niveles de la cadena asistencial.Time is an important factor in the care of acute stroke patients, given the narrow therapeutic window of revascularization therapies. Moreover, the sooner the treatment is given, the higher the clinical benefit. Implementation of Stroke Code (SC) systems, coordinated between hospitals and EMS, reduces the time to treatment and double the rate of thrombolytic therapy. The main objective of this thesis is to detect SC circuits that allow greater effectiveness of the system. We analyzed 1901 patients in which SC was activated in the region of Barcelonès Nord i Maresme during 7 years. Results show that specialized attention at the stroke center was delayed for 80 minutes and thrombolytic therapy for 40 minutes in patients in whom the first level of care was provided at community hospitals compared with the direct transfer via EMS into the stroke center. Moreover, EMS SC activation allowed a higher rate of thrombolytic therapy (50% vs. 21%) and increased the likelihood of good outcome at three months with an OR 2.71 after adjusting for stroke severity and for other prognostic factors. In addition, pre-notification to the stroke center allowed a 15 minutes reduction on the door-to-needle time in comparison to SC activation at the emergency department of the stroke center in patients who come through their own means or without pre-notification. Accordingly with the second objective, these results were validated in 1326 patients treated with tPAev in Catalonia during 2 years. Patients who arrived to the stroke center transferred directly by EMS received tPAev 40 minutes earlier compared with patients transferred from a community hospital and 18 minutes compared with those who came by their own means. Time from symptoms onset to tPAev was independently associated with clinical outcome at 3 months. The third objective was to develop and validate in-the-field a simple pre-hospital stroke scale to detect patients with large-vessel arterial occlusion. The scale RACE (5 items) was designed based on the NIHSS scale items with a higher predictive value of large vessel occlusion on a retrospective cohort of 654 acute stroke admitted to our acute stroke unit. During 18 months, paramedics filled the RACE scale in 263 patients transferred via SC. RACE showed a strong correlation with NIHSS (r=0.81) and a high predictive value for arterial occlusion (ROC curve: AUC 0.81). The best predictive value of RACE was established as ≥ 4; this cut-off value showed sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.63, positive predictive value 0.53, negative predictive value 0.90 and overall accuracy 0.70 for detecting large vessel occlusion. The scale RACE is a simple clinical tool to be used by paramedics at pre-hospital setting that can be useful to detect acute stroke patients who should be transferred to a Comprehensive Stroke Center for endovascular treatment. Results derived from this study reinforce the importance of prioritizing the SC activation via EMS, since it allows an earlier access to revascularization therapies and a greater clinical benefit of patients with acute stroke. Moreover, EMS transfer allows the possibility to perform a pre-hospital clinical evaluation to decide the most appropriate destination of acute stroke patients. Having into account that in Catalonia only 60% of acute stroke patients alert EMS, or even a smaller percentage in certain rural areas, these results can be useful to guide the implementation of improvement measures addressed to different levels of the healthcare chain.
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Costello, Pat. "Towards a model of ICT adoption for the ICT Cluster." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88535.
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This thesis is concerned with the exploration of a framework for ICT adoption by ICT microsized companies in the West Midlands. The thesis evolved out of the author's sense of dissatisfaction with several cardinal aspects of traditional approaches to facilitating adoption of the latest technologies in small companies to enhance business performance. Four main weaknesses were identified: first, there is often a lack of a theoretical foundation for the approach taken with regard to interventions. Second, there is ample evidence to suggest that the environment of small companies is complex and volatile and fundamental to the economy and yet hitherto success of the support in this area is patchy. Third, the role of those working to support small companies is largely unsupported in terms of their understanding of the problems. Fourth, small companies themselves are often uninformed of the issues and unaware that simple changes will aid their approach to ICT adoption. Inspiration from three sources helped the author to develop the work behind this thesis and attempt to remedy weaknesses: first, the work of many researchers in ICT Evaluation methods and frameworks provided insights into the value placed on ICT within organisations and the subsequent impact of the perception of value. Second, developments in the study of SMEs provided new insights into the unique environment that exists within small companies and the issues that these organisations face on a daily basis. Third, research around the new field of EDI and eBusness adoption provided the basis for the exploration of frameworks and models that were applicable to the SME environment and could be developed to work with any technology adoption. This thesis is therefore the exploration of a new model for micro-companies, supported by a thorough grounding in these three areas, which was achieved by taking an exploratory research approach. The model will indicate to a small company the weaknesses in their environment regarding ICT adoption and what they need to do to increase the success rate of any proposed ICT adoption. The framework has been developed to incorporate the issues regarding the personal factors of the owner-manager, the firm, organisational readiness, external pressures, strategy and perceived value. The author describes the methodology behind the development of the framework and makes recommendations for improved ICT adoption initiatives. Application of the general methodology through exploratory research has resulted in new opportunities to embed the ethos and culture surrounding the issues in the framework into new projects developed as a result of Government intervention. The thesis proposes three main themes: first that an understanding of the issues inherent in small companies is necessary in order to work effectively in supporting them to make ICT adoption more successful in the future. Second, that a greater knowledge of these issues and the impact that adoption of technology has in small companies can assist those involved in intervention projects. Third, that by drawing together existing models this new framework can guide these companies in their own ability to adopt successfully and raise awareness regarding the need to address these factors. Taken together, these areas represent a new approach to ICT adoption. The thesis demonstrates originality in four key areas: 1. It extends and develops an understanding of the micro-company environment and the issues inherent when faced with the adoption of new technology. 2. It introduces a new model for use by micro-companies constructed from acknowledged academically grounded models, to develop and highlight their ability to adopt new technology successfully. 3. The exploration of the issues within the ICT sector gives unique insight to a vertical business sector. 4. Investigation of the sector within a UK sub-region gives new insights for that region giving an opportunity for intervention to be augmented by the findings.
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Šebesta, Michal. "Management of IS/ICT with focus on ICT services outsourcing." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261945.
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Research on outsourcing has been around for several decades, while recent evolution in the information systems discipline towards ICT service commoditization significantly changes the context of decision-making. Services that are available on-demand via the Internet allow organizations implementing functions they demand in a fraction of time. This trend represents a chance for organizations seeking to use advanced ICT services without a need of major investments. Problem is the current lack of guidelines and tools for managing ICT services and their outsourcing. Given the trends on the ICT service market, it is expected that much of the IT management in the future will encompass the ICT services and utilize service-level structures. Methods currently available are either too broad or encompass only small part of the whole problem. Ad-hoc or unsound decisions in this area might cause major complications in terms of quality, usability, integration, and consequently influence total cost of organizational IT. Organizations need to either revise existing models or propose and implement completely new models to manage their IS/ICT. This thesis deals with the management of IS/ICT with focus on the ICT services outsourcing. It discusses available sourcing models in the literature and links them to the various interconnected areas. Based on these areas, it presents an integrated view on IT outsourcing strategies. Most importantly the thesis proposes an original concept for decision-making about outsourcing of ICT services named the SOURCER framework. This approach utilizes the presented outsourcing strategies, and introduces a complex methodology and decision-making criteria that will assist organizations with selection of ICT services in order to maintain and manage a most suitable ICT service portfolio. The decision-making is based on four essential viewpoints: function, costs, time, and quality. These viewpoints are discussed, individually analyzed, and serve as a basis for further research. The whole framework is developed and validated according to Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM). Individual components are evaluated using a survey among a group of selected IT managers. Proof of concept is then established by a case study on framework use in a real organization. This case study covers strategy specification, business--IT alignment, specifying service architecture and its interconnections, outsourcing, and management of the ICT service portfolio.
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Дегтярьова, Ірина Борисівна, Ирина Борисовна Дегтярева, and Iryna Borysivna Dehtiarova. "Formulating ict strategies." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21537.
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Blecher, Jan. "Benchmarking v ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15461.
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The aim of this paper is to describe benefits of benchmarking IT in wider context and benchmarking scope at all. I specify benchmarking as a process and mention basic rules and guidelines. Further I define IT benchmarking domains and describe possibilities of their use. Best known type of IT benchmark is cost benchmark which represents only a subset of benchmark opportunities. In this paper, is cost benchmark rather an imaginary first step to benchmarking contribution to company. IT benchmark is not only a method for comparing IT efficiency, but also a way to better co-ordinate IT work with company strategy or make IT work more transparent for their customers. IT benchmark facilitates continual improvement not only to internal IT processes, but also to services that IT provides and in consequence to supported business services. Reader will further familiarize with practical example of IT process benchmark and with specifics in benchmarking of outsourced processes. It should be possible based on this paper to set strategic aims in benchmarking. And second, to run an initial IT process benchmark project.
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Giada, Sara <1995>. "ICT e turismo." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18176.
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L'elaborato ha lo scopo di analizzare l'influenza delle ICT nel turismo moderno, con particolare attenzione ai nuovi metodi di organizzazione e prenotazione delle vacanze grazie anche ai risultati di un questionario elaborato dalla sottoscritta e diffuso via web. Vengono anche analizzati e messi a confronto i viaggi di lunga durata verso mete lontane con quelli di durata breve e verso destinazioni vicine, per osservare come cambia in questi due casi il comportamento dei turisti.
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Castro, Márcio Bastos. "NUMA-ICTM: uma versão paralela do ICTM explorando estratégias de alocação de memória para máquinas NUMA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1548.
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Previous issue date: 2009In Geophysics, the appropriate subdivision of a region into segments is extremely important. ICTM (Interval Categorizer Tesselation Model) is an application that categorizes geographic regions using information extracted from satellite images. The categorization of large regions is a computational intensive problem, what justifies the proposal and development of parallel solutions in order to improve its applicability. Recent advances in multiprocessor architectures lead to the emergence of NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) machines, which combine the efficiency and scalability of MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) machines with the programming facility of the SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessors) machines. In this work, NUMA-ICTM is presented: a parallel solution of ICTM for NUMA machines exploiting memory placement strategies. First, ICTM is parallelized using only OpenMP. After, the OpenMP solution is improved using the MAI (Memory Affinity Interface) library, which allows a control of memory allocation in NUMA machines. The results show that the optimization of memory allocation leads to significant performance gains over the pure OpenMP parallel solution.
Na Geofísica, a subdivisão apropriada de uma região em segmentos é extremamente importante. O ICTM (Interval Categorizer Tesselation Model) é uma aplicação capaz de categorizar regiões geográficas utilizando informações extraídas de imagens de satélite. O processo de categorização de grandes regiões é considerado um problema computacionalmente intensivo, o que justifica a proposta e desenvolvimento de soluções paralelas com intuito de aumentar sua aplicabilidade. Recentes avanços em arquiteturas multiprocessadas caminham em direção a arquiteturas do tipo NUMA (Non-uniform Memory Access), as quais combinam a eficiência e escalabilidade das máquinas MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) com a facilidade de programação das máquinas SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessors). Neste trabalho, é apresentada a NUMA-ICTM: uma solução paralela do ICTM para máquinas NUMA explorando estratégias de alocação de memória. Primeiramente, o ICTM é paralelizado utilizando-se somente OpenMP. Posteriormente, esta solução é otimizada utilizando-se a interfade MAI (Memory Affinity Interface), a qual proporciona um melhor controle sobre a alocação de dados em memória em máquinas NUMA. Os resultados mostram que esta otimização permite importantes ganhos de desempenho sobre a solução paralela que utiliza somente OpenMP.
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ESPOSTO, ELISABETTA. "Disuguaglianze di salute nel percorso ictus." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242564.
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BACKGROUND: Il livello di salute e le aspettative di vita, sono strettamente correlate alla posizione sociale occupata dall’individuo. OBIETTIVI Il progetto di ricerca si pone come obiettivo generale quello di descrivere ed analizzare sia le caratteristiche e dimensioni dell’evento ictus acuto nella Regione Marche per gli anni 2010 e 2011 ed in particolare per i residenti dell’Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Area Vasta 2, che delle disuguaglianze sociali di salute presso un campione di popolazione colpita da Ictus, nel tentativo di fornire un contributo all’avanzamento delle evidenze scientifiche disponibili in questo ambito. METODI: La fonte di informazioni utilizzata per soddisfare il primo obiettivo è costituita dai dati delle Schede di dimissione ospedaliera (SDO) della Regione Marche per gli anni 2010 e 2011. Nella seconda parte della tesi, è stato analizzato un campione di popolazione di pazienti con ictus acuto selezionato attraverso il codice patologia riscontrata C0404, corrispondente all’ictus, dai dati dei Dispatch della Centrale Operativa 118 di Ancona in un periodo di sei mesi: dal 15 novembre 2010 al 15 maggio 2011. Il data base è stato integrato con i dati relativi al reddito individuale. RISULTATI: Gli ictus acuti nella Regione Marche sono stati nel 2011 n. 3.895 (depurando dei pazienti residenti fuori regione). Stante una popolazione nella Regione Marche nel 2011 (censimento) di 1.565.335 abitanti, si ha un’incidenza di ictus pari a 2.49 x 1000 abitanti (3.895/1.565.335). L’Area vasta 2 si attesta ad un tasso di 2,53 x 1000 abitanti (1.251/494.522). Il campione selezionato per l’analisi del percorso ictus è costituito da 195 unità. Il decesso è più frequente tra le femmine (48,2% vs 30,1%) e aumenta con l’aumentare dell’età ed è correlato al reddito individuale e all’ospedale di arrivo. Il modello di regressione logistica conferma tali dati. In particolare ad ogni aumento di anno di età si ha un aumento del 5% della probabilità di decesso (OR=1,05; [CI: 1,00 – 1,09]; p=0,032) e le donne hanno un rischio maggiore (OR=2,39; [CI: 1,14 – 4,99]; p=0,021). Per quanto riguarda il reddito individuale, risulta che percepire un reddito maggiore di 7.534 euro è un fattore protettivo rispetto all’exitus, nello specifico gli individui che appartengono alla seconda e terza fascia sono significativamente a minor rischio di decesso, rispettivamente (OR=0,26; [CI: 0,12 – 0,59]; p=0,001) e (OR=0,30; [CI: 0,10 – 0,94]; p=0,039). Per quanto riguarda l’ospedale di arrivo, rispetto all’AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, gli altri ospedali presentano tutti un rischio maggiore di decesso, ma tale risultato è significativo solo per l’INRCA e Senigallia rispettivamente (OR=4,65; [CI: 1,08 – 20,11]; p=0,004) e (OR=9,01; [CI: 1,68 – 48,22]; p=0,010), nel primo caso spiegato in parte dalla età media più elevata. CONCLUSIONE: I dati dimostrano una relazione tra l’appartenenza ad una fascia di reddito più povera e la maggior probabilità di esito nefasto nella cura dell’Ictus. L’importanza di rafforzare il Percorso Ictus al fine di garantire cure efficaci. Infine, gli sforzi dei policy maker dovranno essere rivolti principalmente a politiche integrate con l’ambito sociale e di supporto alle famiglie, cercando di compensare le differenze distributive e rafforzando il tessuto sociale.BACKGROUND: Level of health and life expectancy are closely related to the social position of patients. AIM: this doctoral work want to describe and analyze both characteristics and size of acute stroke event in the Marches during 2010 and 2011 and in particular for the Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Area Vasta 2, and the social health inequalities in a sample of the population affected by stroke to make a positive contribution to scientific evidence available in this field. METHODS: for the first aim were used all data of Hospital Discharge Data (SDO) of Marches Region for the years 2010 and 2011. In the second part of the thesis was analyzed a sample of population affected by acute stroke selected through a disease code C0404, corresponding to stroke, from data collected from Dispatch of the Centrale Operativa 118 Ancona during a period of six months: from 15 November 2010 to 15 May 2011. To the database were added data related to individual income. RESULTS: in the 2011 the total number of acute stroke in the Marches was n. 3.895 (excluding outside region patients). Due to population in the Marches in the 2011 (census) of 1.565.335 inhabitants, there is a stroke incidence of 2.49 x 1000 inhabitants (3.895/1.565.335). The Area Vasta 2 has an incidence of 2,53 x 1000 inhabitants (1.251/494.522). The sample selected for the analysis of the Stroke Care Pathways consists of 195 units. Cases of death are more frequent among women (48,2% vs 30,1%) and they increase with age of patient. They are also related to individual income and to time of arrival in hospital. The logistic regression model confirms these data. In particular the risk of death increase of 5% for every more year of age (OR=1,05; [CI: 1,00 – 1,09]; p=0,032) and women are more at risk(OR=2,39; [CI: 1,14 – 4,99]; p=0,021). As for individual income, having an income greater than 7.534 euro is a protective factor according to the exitus, in particular people of second and third group are significantly less at risk of death, respectively (OR=0,26; [CI: 0,12 – 0,59]; p=0,001) e (OR=0,30; [CI: 0,10 – 0,94]; p=0,039). As for the arrival hospital, compared to AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, the other hospitals have a greater risk of death, although this result is significant only for the INRCA and Senigallia respectively (OR=4,65; [CI: 1,08 – 20,11]; p=0,004) and (OR=9,01; [CI: 1,68 – 48,22]; p=0,010), in the first case it was explained by the average old age of patients. CONCLUSION: all data show a strict relation between a low income bracket and death in the stroke care. The importance of strengthen the Stroke Care Pathways guarantee more effective care. All efforts of policy maker should aim to the integrated policies with social field and support to families, trying to compensate distributive differences and strengthen social tissue.
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Dvořák, Jan. "Procesy IS/ICT a jejich mapování ke standardům v oblasti IS/ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124773.
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The aim of this thesis is to define the audit issues regarding IS/ICT sector, creating a summary of standards, frameworks and best practices in IS/ICT - usable for IS auditing and mutual mapping of selected standards to the chosen reference framwork of ICT and following related goal is to make a procedure for the mapping of IT processes on standards in the field of IS/ICT. The aim of this thesis is description and mapping of the most important methodologies, standards and best practices related to the management and audit of IS/ICT and following related goal is building a procedure that allows the company to assess readiness for the certification of any of the selected standards, implement an alternative methodology for IT management or audit IS/ICT. First, the notion of audit is defined and discussed, followed by the discussion of the issue of IT audit, together with the financial audit. This is followed by a description of the different methodologies and approaches, which I used in my work. The chapter continues the description of methodology section that describes the mapping results. The actual mapping is in a separate Excel file and is part of this thesis. In the next chapter there is a procedure for mapping of business processes to different methodologies and standards used for management and audit of IS / ICT, which was created by myself.
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Waller, Lloyd George. "ICTs for whose development? : a critical analysis of the discourses surrounding an ICT for development initiative for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs operating in the Jamaican tourism industry : towards the development of methodologies and analytical tools for understanding and explaining the ICT for development phenomenon /." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2628.
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This is an interdiscliplinary qualitative study which uses an exploratory research design and builds on Fariclough's Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to analyze the discourses surrounding an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for livelihood development project in Jamaica, introduced by the United Nations Development Programme - the Jamaica Sustainable Development Networking Programme (JSDNP). The primary objective of this project is to provide the poor in Jamaican communities with access to, and training in ICTs. In this research, I specifically focus on the discourses surrounding the JSDNP Cybercentre Project for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs in the Jamaican tourism industry to access the epistemological assumptions of this project. From the data collected it was found that at one level, the JSDNP Cybercentre Project encouraged specific ways of acting and organizing congruent with the configurations, processes and structures of corporate firms of industrialized countries, by representing the achievement of livelihood expansion through the use of specific ICTs in a particular way which excluded other discourses. The particular ways of acting and organizing promoted by the Cybercentre encouraged the use of non-indigenous technologies, undervalued indigenous technologies and excluded the indigenization of non-indigenous technologies. These discourses were incompatible with the operational and structural configurations of trans-temporal poor entrepretrepreneurs interviewed and were more favourable to the non-poor and spatio-temporal ones. One of the wider implications of the discourse therefore was that they play a fundamental role in perpetuating entrenched inequalities through the preservation of social practices, along with their associated systems and structures. It was also found that these modalities limited the operational processes of all microenterprise entrepreneurs who were exposed to the Cybercentre Project. These entrepreneurs have limited control over the configuration of non-indigenous technologies; their technological and creative capabilities are restricted; their ability to indigenize non-indigenous technologies impaired; and they are highly dependent on non-indigenous technologies (which themselves have a number of limitations).
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Cougo, França Bernardo. "Design and Optimization of InterCell Transformers for Parallel MultiCell Converters." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0057/document.
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Les convertisseurs multicellulaires parallèles permettent de traiter des puissances importantes et de profiter d'une certaine standardisation des équipements. Ces dernières années, ces structures ont connu un regain d'intérêt lié notamment à la possibilité de couplage magnétique des inductances. Ce couplage aboutit à un composant magnétique aux propriétés très différentes appelé Transformateur Inter-Cellules (ICT) ; il ne modifie pas le courant de sortie, par contre il réduit l'ondulation de courant dans les bobines et l'ondulation de flux dans certaines parties du noyau. On peut montrer que ce couplage entraîne une réduction des pertes Joules dans les conducteurs et des pertes magnétiques dans le noyau. La réduction de l'ondulation de courant diminue également le courant efficace dans les semiconducteurs ce qui réduit les pertes par conduction, et la différence entre le courant à l'amorçage et au blocage des interrupteurs, ce qui permet la diminution des pertes dans les semiconducteurs lorsque les pertes au blocage sont supérieures aux pertes à l'amorçage. Le dimensionnement d'un ICT n'est pas fondamentalement différent de celui fait pour d'autres composants magnétiques en ce sens qu'il est basé sur le respect de certaines valeurs limites (induction, température) ce qui suppose une évaluation des différentes pertes et l'élaboration d'un modèle thermique. Par contre, la manière d'évaluer ces différentes grandeurs est tout à fait spécifique et n'a que quelques points communs avec les méthodes de calcul des inductances et des transformateurs Dans ce travail de thèse, on montre comment dimensionner ces ICTs en considérant plusieurs topologies et méthodes différentes, correspondant à différents niveaux de sophistication et de complexité. L'explication de ce dimensionnement est divisée en quatre parties : Pertes Cuivre, Pertes Fer, Densité de Flux de Saturation et Aspects Thermiques. L'évaluation des pertes cuivre liées aux composantes alternatives des ICTs constituent un point particulièrement délicat dans la mesure où elles résultent de la combinaison de deux facteurs eux-mêmes difficiles à évaluer ; l'inductance de fuite qui détermine l'amplitude des courants alternatifs mais dépend des flux principalement non canalisés et circulant dans l'air (volume d'étude important, effets 3D…), et la résistance équivalente des bobinages qui en haute fréquence est sujette à des phénomènes complexes comme les effets de peau et de proximité. En se basant sur l'utilisation d'un logiciel simple mais néanmoins robuste et fiable pour calculer précisément les résistances en haute fréquence et les inductances de fuite des ICTs, plusieurs astuces permettant de réduire les pertes cuivre non seulement des ICTs mais aussi des transformateurs et des inductances sont suggérées. Des tableaux simples sont développés pour aider le concepteur de transformateurs à identifier la meilleur configuration de conducteurs dans une fenêtre de bobinage en prenant en compte la forme d'onde du courant, le nombre de tours des enroulements, la fréquence des courants et les paramètres géométriques. Des formules analytiques et des outils de calcul adéquats ont ensuite été utilisés pour développer des routines d'optimisation ayant pour but la réduction de la masse, du volume, des pertes ou du coût des ICTs. Des interpolations multidimensionnelles des valeurs présimulées des résistances et inductances de fuite en haute fréquence sont utilisées afin de réduire le temps d'exécution de la routine d'optimisation. Plusieurs dimensionnements des ICTs ont été comparées vis-à-vis des matériaux du noyau et des conducteurs, du nombre de cellules de commutation et de la fréquence de découpage. Des comparaisons avec des selfs ont également été faites afin de montrer les avantages de ces ICTs. Des aspects de la commande des convertisseurs multi-niveaux triphasés ont également été étudiés vis-à- is du flux circulant dans les ICTs. Des homopolaires, spécifiques pour chaque stratégie MLI et chaque topologie convertisseur/charge, sont créées afin de minimiser le flux dans les ICTs et par conséquent de réduire davantage la masse et la taille de ces composants. Des comparaisons entre différentes méthodes de MLI sont effectuées et vérifiées expérimentalementIn recent years, the interest for parallel multicell converters has grown, which is partially due to the possibility of coupling the inductors used to connect the different commutation cells together. Coupling the inductors to form an InterCell Transformer (ICT) does not usually modify the output current, but it reduces the current ripple in the windings and the flux swing in some regions of the core. It can be shown that this brings a reduction of copper and core losses in the magnetic component. The reduction of the phase current ripple also reduces the difference between turn on and turn off current in the switches, which brings a reduction of switching losses for devices generating more losses at turn off than at turn on. The design of an ICT is not that different from any other magnetic component but it is very specific and inherent features must be taken into account. Taking full benefit of the potential advantages of ICTs requires the development of special tools and methods which are the focus of the study. We show how to design ICTs considering several topologies and different methods, from the most precise and time-consuming to the less accurate but more quickly calculated. The explanation of the ICT design is divided in four main parts: Copper Losses, Core Losses, Flux Density Saturation and Thermal Aspects. Further attention is given to high frequency copper losses since complex phenomena such as skin and proximity effects highly influence the ICT design. Based on Finite Element Method simulations, smart practices are suggested to reduce high and low frequency copper losses, not only in ICTs but also in inductors and transformers. Simple tables are developed to help transformer designers to identify the best configuration of conductors inside a given core window, depending on the current waveform and frequency, number of turns and geometrical parameters. Optimization routines to reduce the ICT total mass, volume, losses or cost are developed and multidimensional interpolation of pre-simulated values of AC resistance and leakage inductance is used to speed up the optimization routine. Comparison of ICT designs with regard to core and conductor material, number of cells and switching frequency is performed. Comparison with regular inductors is also made in order to verify the benefits of this kind of magnetic component. Multilevel converter control aspects applied to three- hase systems is also investigated in terms of the ICT flux. Zero sequence signals, specific for a PWM strategy and converter/load topology, are created in order to minimize the flux in ICTs and consequently reduce even further the mass and size of these components. Comparison between several PWM methods are performed and experimentally verified
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Berg, Agneta. "Glutamine to ICU patients /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-423-5/.
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O'Neill, Ray. "ICT as political action." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/ict-as-political-action(0e4deb95-6163-4b71-9061-a25956f766ed).html.
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This thesis is a narrative account of the development of my living theory of practice as a teacher and information communications technologies (ICT) consultant with a national awarding body. Within my two workplaces I experience myself as a living contradiction when my values are denied in practice, in relation to the prohibition of full participation of all participants through the suppression of their voices, or by the imposition of too-rapid organisational change. The thesis accounts for how I have attempted to transform these unsatisfactory situations into life-affirming practices for all through exercising my educational influence in learning for personal and organisational sustainability. The significance of my research lies in my capacity to explain how I hold myself accountable for my improved practice as I develop emancipatory pedagogies and conditions that nurture personal and social wellbeing. I have generated my living theory of emancipatory practice through finding ways to enable myself and others to work in solidarity to exercise our agency through communicative action (Habermas 1975). This is accomplished through realising the potentials of ICT as a form of communicative action within actual and virtual communities of practice, which becomes a significant feature of the originality of my contribution to knowledge of my field. Originality is extended in the production of evidence to test the validity of my theorization of ICT as political action. The multimedia evidence base is continued in the production of a multimedia thesis that accompanies and embeds the linguistic form of the thesis, a communication of my parallel understanding of traditional forms of theory and pedagogy as subsets of their wider inclusional and relational forms. The thesis also explores how values may be clarified in the course of their emergence in practice and transformed into living standards of judgement.
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Belokur, Dmitriy. "Sociální sítě a ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12421.
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This diploma thesis is focused on description and objective analysis of social networks on internet. History of internet social networks, basic principles they work on and psychological aspects are shown in this thesis. One of the parts of my work is dedicated to monetization methods and techniques of social networks in context of internet. An objective view on problems of virtual societies provides an abstract of the methods of their resolving. There is no in any case an ambition for this thesis to be the greatest social networking analysis, but it proviedes well structured summary of a lot of theoretical and practical knowledge, which could certainly serve as valuable base for further deeper research. The most beneficial added valut of this thesis is a comprehensive insight on social networks from different points of view: theoretical, psychological and practical. Theoretical knowledge from psychology and sociology sciences are enriched with examples from real life. This thesis brings an outline of modern trends, which makes possible to predict future development.
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Naiman, Michal. "Virtualizace v IS/ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15505.
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The goal of the thesis is to examine and assess actual portfolio of products on the market for server visualization and to compare performance of individual products with performance of the physical machine. The research and the assessment of the actual portfolio will be carried out with the focus on current trends in the area of server virtualization, reasons for realization, and important aspects for their successful implementation. The comparison will be carried out in areas of supported platforms, hardware emulation spectra, hardware limitations, licensing and prices. Further it will be performed comparison in the form of benchmark performance in areas of CPU, RAM, hard-drive throughput, and network throughput of most commonly used products for server virtualization.
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Kashapov, Artur. "Analýza trhu IS/ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165116.
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This thesis deals with the issue of market IS / ICT, particularly focusing on the analysis of the current situation. The first part is devoted to a slight look into the past and then the market IS / ICT has been analyzed in terms of factors and market actors. The following part of the paper focuses on the analysis of the structure of firms implementing its activities in the market IS / ICT. The last part of the paper explores the potential market developments and tries to predict the development and the key trends for the future are seen dynamic network services, teamwork, mobile enterprise, security, and last but not least, green computing for sustainable development.
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Jelínek, Martin. "Technologická integrace ICT služeb." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193574.
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This thesis deals with the integration of ICT services at the technological level. It mainly focuses on the integration of services which are provided by third parties and a user cannot change them. In this work are described the characteristics of web services and the typical methods for designing their application interface. Furthermore, are described various approaches to integration of applications at the technological level and some integration tools. As part of this thesis, was also created an application designed for integration of web services. This application can be categorized as message-oriented middleware. The aim was to create a simple application, which still meets basic requirements for this kind of applications. This thesis also contains a description of the created application and a description of problems that occurred during implementation. During the application development were used some integration design patterns, which are also described in this thesis.
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Pilík, Tomáš. "Organizační kultura ICT společností." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198087.
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This thesis deals with problematic of organizational culture with emphasis on organizational culture in ICT companies. Main goal of this thesis is to develop own framework for influencing organizational culture in ICT companies. The introductory part sums up an overview of definitions of culture and organizational culture in chronological order. Evaluation of definitions from the author's perspective is also part of the opening chapter. The main part of thesis focuses on proposing framework for influencing organizational culture in ICT companies. The antecedent chapter before the very framework describes key factors of ICT companies. Framework itself combines these key factors with general factors to provide coherent tool for influencing organizational culture in ICT companies.
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Weinsteinová, Adéla. "Negativní aspekty nasazování ICT." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199727.
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This diploma thesis exmines the negative aspects of using information and communication technologies. The main attention is fosused on virtual reality, especially 3D projection in order to decide wheather the using of it has negative impact on phycal and psychological state of the user or not, which exactly are these impacts and what probably cause them. This first part is dedicated to expain concept and history of ICT, explonation of the multidimensional princip and content of each dimension. The following is determination of which ICT areas are currently struggling in their use with negative effects. Detected list of these areas is reduced to six specific technologies which common user has opportunities to experience. These particular technologies were examined as a form of questionnaire, which resulted in a determination of the most used one, ie virtual reality. Shortly afterwards was conducted an experiment imparting undesirable effects caused by using virtual reality. The other five selected technologies are discussed for the most important negatives with which has to face today. The main finding of this study is the identification the side effects of virtual reality based on different types of technologies which are anaglyf 3D projection, passive 3D projection, active 3D projection and comparing if adverse effects depends on the type. It also includes determining the rate of uptake in virtual reality.
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Šilhavá, Kateřina. "Marketingová komunikace ICT integrátora." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359789.
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The aim of this thesis is to recommend communication practices drawn from the analysis of the ICT organization and its marketing communication activities. The subsequent objective is to examine ICT market since 90's and to identify its future growth. The thesis studies the specifics of marketing communication whiten the B2B field. The first part appraises B2B market as such which is then compared with B2C market. Additionally, the work introduces communication activities employed to the Czech market place. It mostly considers the advertising, sales support, promotion, direct marketing, sponsorship and event marketing, personal sale, trade shows, exhibitions and digital media. The practical part assesses the given ICT organization and its leading competition. This part also evaluates the characteristics of ICT market in Czech Republic. The mapping and analysis of ICT market in Czech Republic was underpinned by the primary qualitative research. The final part evaluates the communication activities of chosen company. It then concludes with the potential practical recommendations drawn from the analysis results.
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Goode, Fay. "Noise in the ICU." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3525.
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Noise in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has been associated with patients experiencing psychological and physical disorders such as anxiety, sleep deprivation, and worsening of hypertension and diabetes. Researchers have suggested that the use of a noise reduction protocol can result in a decrease in noise in the ICU and a subsequent improvement in Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores. The research question for this project examined the effectiveness of a newly developed noise protocol in minimizing noise in the ICU, since the patients at the facility of study reported noise as being a nuisance that was hampering their sleep and healing; this nuisance has also been reflected in the hospital's low HCAHPS scores. The theoretical premise of the project was the theory of comfort, which suggests that engaging in health-seeking behaviors bring patients comfort. The sources of evidence that guided the project included a literature review using the keywords noise in ICU, sleep disruption, and hospital noise; HCAHPS scores over the past 5 years; and the analysis of data obtained from interviews of 48 nurses and 4 intensivists (critical care doctors) who responded to an open invitation to participate. The interviews were analyzed using codes; the emerging themes were that the protocol was useful, did not interfere with work flow, and allowed patients to rest uninterruptedly. The result from the project can be used by the hospital leadership team to advance the noise reduction protocol to areas of the hospital outside of ICU, and as a training tool to educate the hospital staff on the importance of maintaining a noise-friendly environment.
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Helešic, Igor. "Návrh ICT strategie podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222182.
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This thesis is focused on information and communication technologies (ICT) and their applications in terms of contribution to improvement of competitive advantage and fulfillment of company's targets. The goal of this work is to analyze a manufacturing company with focus on IT and to design such an ICT strategy which will match the selected company's strategy.
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Vendl, Jan. "Management ICT střední školy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234698.
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The aim of this thesis is to create a proposal for the modernization of secondary school computer network and its security to function as stable as possible and reliable, but not to restrict its users more than necessary. Part of the work focused on upgrading existing network will be based on the applicable standards of cabling systems, security design itself will be solved by the project from the perspective of project management, including assessing the risk of liability and the draft guidelines.
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DI, FABIO SILVIO. "Essays on ICT diffusion." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253659.
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Questa tesi introduce una classe di modelli epidemici di diffusione specificamente adattati alla descrizione e all'analisi delle tecnologie ICT, mediante la definizione di un mercato potenziale dinamico che dipende dalla dimensione della rete del numero di individui che hanno già adottato. Rispetto ai tradizionali prodotti “stand alone”, le tecnologie ICT hanno caratteristiche peculiari e differenti comportamenti di adozione che possono essere spiegati dagli effetti e dalle esternalità di rete. Dopo una panoramica dello stato dell'arte della letteratura sulla diffusione delle innovazioni e sulle reti (capitolo 1), viene presentato il lavoro teorico (capitolo 2). Qui, eseguiamo uno studio funzionale sistematico che conduce alla costruzione di una classe di nuovi modelli, alla loro parametrizzazione e analisi in statica comparata, e infine alla simulazione. Il modello di Bass, che assume un mercato potenziale fisso, è preso come riferimento per le comparazioni, oltre ad essere la struttura portante della nostra classe di modelli. Dalle simulazioni emerge che la nostra classe di modelli è in grado di descrivere gli effetti di rete (e le esternalità) e il loro ruolo nel plasmare la diffusione di tali tecnologie. Nel capitolo 3, testiamo la capacità di questa classe di modelli di spiegare empiricamente, con i dati di mercato, i percorsi storici di diffusione delle ICT, cercando di derivarne implicazioni utili per il policy maker (ad esempio, nel campo delle attuali agende digitali). Questo capitolo presenta la stima econometrica NLS dei modelli costruiti, prendendo come riferimento i percorsi di diffusione delle tecnologie a banda larga in alcuni paesi dell'UE: in particolare, ci concentriamo sulle serie storiche ITU di abbonamenti a banda larga fissa dei “cinque grandi” paesi europei. Le stime econometriche confermano che la nostra classe di modelli fornisce uno strumento analitico ed empirico originale per catturare e stilizzare i fenomeni di rete che dominano i percorsi di diffusione dei principali mercati delle telecomunicazioni e dei media, come la banda larga fissa. Come tale, consente anche una serie di esercizi di valutazione delle politiche future.This thesis introduces a class of epidemic diffusion models specifically tailored to the description and analysis of ICT technologies, by defining a dynamic potential market that depends on the network size of the number of individuals who have already adopted. Compared to traditional “stand alone” products, ICT technologies have peculiar characteristics and different adoption behaviours that can be explained by network effects and externalities. After an overview of the state of the art of the literature on the diffusion of innovations and on networks (chapter 1), the theoretical work is presented (chapter 2). Here, we carry out a systematic functional study leading to the construction of a class of new models, to their parameterization and analysis in comparative statics, and finally simulation. The basic Bass model, which assumes a fixed potential market, is taken as a reference for comparisons, beside being the backbone of our class of models. From the simulations, it emerges that our class of models is able to describe the network effects (and externalities) and their role in shaping the diffusion of such technologies. In chapter 3, we test the capability of this class of models to explain empirically, with market data, the historical ICT diffusion paths, trying to derive useful implications for the policy-maker (for example, in the realm of contemporary digital agendas). This chapter features the NLS econometric estimation of the previous models, taking as a reference the real diffusion paths of broadband technologies in selected EU countries: in particular, we focus on the ITU time series of fixed broadband subscriptions of the "five big" European countries. The econometric estimates confirm that our class of models provides an original analytical and empirical instrument for capturing and stylizing the network phenomena that dominate the diffusion paths of the main telecommunications and media markets, such as fixed broadband. As such, it also enables a series of future policy evaluation exercises.
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Mantovanelli, Thais. "Crianças invisíveis da Reserva Indígena Icatu/SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/218.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-22Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Como as crianças Kaingang do Icatu SP vivenciam os espaços da aldeia? A proposta desta dissertação é contribuir para as discussões sobre as relações sociais das crianças indígenas a partir da experiência etnográfica entre os Kaingang da aldeia Icatu SP. O recorte dessa temática surgiu de meu descontentamento inicial com relação às atividades das crianças no cotidiano da Reserva. Contrário do que eu esperava encontrar, as crianças pareciam-me invisíveis. Assim, percebi que elas passavam a maior parte do tempo dentro dos quintais, nas casas de suas avós maternas. Essa invisibilidade levou-me a refletir sobre os modos como poderia realizar minha pesquisa. A saída encontrada em campo, indicada pelas mulheres, foi conversar com mães, tias e avós das casas que eu frequentava. Essa configuração levou à necessidade de destacar a não transitoriedade das crianças da aldeia Icatu SP como uma forma específica do tipo de relação entre elas e suas casas e promover uma discussão sobre a impossibilidade da aplicação de conceitos universais em pesquisas que tem a criança como destaque.
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Khudair, Ahmad A. "Health sciences libraries : information services and ICTs." Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11881/.
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In Saudi Arabia the need is recognised significantly to move towards the concept of an Information Society, particularly for the benefit of the healthcare community. There have been some individual efforts, in this direction but they do not address the problem and related root issues. The problem is that the body and soul are not joined as one to formulate a single entity. The health professional is the body and the soul is the health information professional (health librarians). Health professionals spend a great deal of time in information searching, while the health information professional's role is underestimated. This research is conducted to explore the state of health sciences libraries, and to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the Information Services and Information, Communication Technology (ICT) in health sciences libraries in the capital city of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. To accomplish this, a mixed method is used (qualitative and quantitative approaches) to collect related data. A framework is designed particularly for this research and a visionary organisational model is designed initially and developed throughout the research. This proposed model is to introduce a potentially possible successful paradigm for changing the health sciences libraries environment to encounter future challenges. In addition, for this research will contribute to the better understanding of how to provide fast, efficient and easy-to-use service to increase user satisfaction. Changing the paradigm of health sciences libraries in Riyadh will facilitate better access, sharing and use of information resources from distant geographical locations, and increase participation opportunities. In addition, the proposed model considers the human and social needs of communication, and the exchange of feelings and reactions. Importantly, successful change will help healthcare environments to move towards the establishment of a flourishing health information society by popularising the use of electronic resources and demonstrating the benefits and advantages of continuous learning and development programmes. It is clear that access to fast. accurate and reliable health information and resources, may be, the difference between life and death.
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Jebari, Salha. "The inelastic Cooper pair tunneling amplifier (ICTA)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY036/document.
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Les amplificateurs paramétriques Josephson (JPA) se sont révélés être un outil indispensablepour l’étude expérimentale de dispositifs quantiques dans le régime micro-onde ; car ilsrajoutent uniquement le minimum de bruit imposé par la mécanique quantique[1]. Cependant,ces amplificateurs sont beaucoup plus difficiles à utiliser et optimiser que leurs homologuesclassiques. Récemment, plusieurs expériences réalisées avec des circuits supraconducteurs,composés d’une jonction Josephson polarisée en tension en série avec un résonateur microonde,ont montré qu’une paire de Cooper peut traverser la barrière de la jonction par effettunnel en émettant un ou plusieurs photons avec une énergie totale de 2e fois la tensionappliquée. Dans cette thèse, nous montrerons qu’un tel circuit permet de mettre en place unamplificateur micro-onde préservant la phase que nous appelons « Amplificateur basé sur letunneling inélastique de paires de Cooper » (ICTA). Il est alimenté par une tension continueet peut fonctionner avec un bruit très proche de la limite quantique.Nous commencerons en présentant le principe du fonctionnement de l’ICTA. Par analogieavec la théorie quantique des JPAs[2], nous avons étudié les performances de cet amplificateurcomme le gain, la bande passante et le bruit. Ensuite, nous présenterons la premièrepreuve expérimentale d’une amplification proche de la limite quantique sans utilisation d’unepompe micro-onde externe, mais simplement d’une tension continue dans une configurationextrêmement simple. Ces mesures ont été faites sur des échantillons avec des jonctionsen aluminium, dénommés ICTA de première génération. Selon nos résultats théoriques etexpérimentaux, nous avons conçu des circuits hyperfréquences où l’impédance présentéeà la jonction dépend de fréquences spécifiques afin d’optimiser les performances de notreamplificateur. Ces échantillons, dénommés ICTA de seconde génération, ont été fabriquésavec du nitrure de niobium. Une amélioration significative du gain et du bruit a été prouvée.Un tel amplificateur, alimenté par une simple tension continue, pourrait rendre la mesurede signaux micro-ondes au niveau du photon unique beaucoup plus faciles et permettred’intégrer plusieurs amplificateurs sur une seule puce. Il pourrait donc être un élémentimportant pour la lecture de qubit dans les processeurs quantiques à grande échelleJosephson parametric amplifiers (JPA), have proven to be an indispensable tool for awide range of experiments on quantum devices in the microwave frequency regime, becausethey provide the lowest possible noise. However, JPAs remain much more difficult to use andoptimize than conventional microwave amplifiers. Recent experiments with superconductingcircuits consisting of a DC voltage-biased Josephson junction in series with a resonator,showed that a tunneling Cooper pair can emit one or several photons with a total energyof 2e times the applied voltage. In this thesis we show that such q circuit can be used toimplement a new type of phase preserving microwave amplifier, which we call InelasticCooper pair Tunneling Amplifier (ICTA). It is powered by a simple DC bias and offers nearquantum-limited noise performance.We start this work by presenting a brief and simple picture of the basic ICTA operatingprinciples. In analogy with the quantum theory of JPAs, we calculate the performances ofthis amplifier such as the gain, bandwidth and noise. Then, we present the first experimentalproof that amplification close to the quantum limit is possible without microwave drive inan extremely simple setup. These measurements are made on a first generation of samplesbased on aluminium junctions. According to our theoretical and experimental results, wehave designed microwave circuits presenting specific frequency-dependent impedances tothe junction in order to optimize the performances of our amplifier. This second generationof ICTA samples is fabricated from niobium nitride and provide significantly lower noiseand higher gain.We expect that once fully optimized, such an amplifier, powered by simple DC voltagescould then make measuring microwave signals at the single photon level much easier andallow to deploy many amplifiers on a chip. It could therefore be an important ingredient forqubit readout in large-scale quantum processors
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Kotter, Elmar. "Ictus amnésique : étude clinique de 50 cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11011.
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Noël, Audrey. "Ictus amnésique idiopathique : neuropsychologie, neuroimagerie et psychopathologie." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1493.
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L’objectif de cette thèse visait d’une part à mieux comprendre le rôle des facteurs psychopathologiques dans le déclenchement, le déroulement et la récupération de l’épisode d’ictus amnésique idiopathique (IA) et d’autre part à éclaircir les mécanismes physiopathologiques à l’origine des troubles. Nos résultats montrent que les troubles psychopathologiques peuvent être considérés comme des facteurs de prédisposition au déclenchement de certains épisodes d’IA. D’autre part, nous avons tenté de mieux caractériser l’IA et nous avons ainsi mis en évidence que l’IA n’est pas seulement un trouble de mémoire, puisqu’il s’accompagne d’une augmentation du niveau d’anxiété et d’une altération de l’humeur pendant l’épisode aigu. Nous avons également démontré que l’anxiété et l’humeur peuvent affecter les performances mnésiques des patients après l’épisode. En effet, les patients les plus anxieux et les plus déprimés obtenaient des performances inférieures aux autres patients, plusieurs mois après l’épisode. Ces résultats suggèrent que les troubles psychopathologiques peuvent ralentir les processus de récupération des capacités mnésiques après un IA. Toutefois, il est peu probable que ces troubles psychopathologiques soient entièrement responsables des perturbations mnésiques persistantes. Notre dernière étude confirme cette hypothèse puisque nous avons observé, grâce à l’IRM, une légère atrophie bilatérale des lobes temporaux internes incluant les deux hippocampes. Cette thèse a donc permis de souligner l’importance des facteurs psychopathologiques dans l’IA et leur interaction avec le fonctionnement mnésique
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Auzinger-Hotzel, Kathrin Michaela. "Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Citizenship." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3334.
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Democracy depends on the civic and political engagement of individuals. Despite a growing body of research analyzing political engagement in the United States, little attention has been paid to the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and perceptions of citizens concerning civic participation. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between ICTs, perceptions of citizenship, and participatory preferences for 18- to 35-year-olds in the United States. Applying Olson's theory of collective action, the goal of the study was to understand how ICT use influenced changes in perceptions of citizenship between 2004 and 2014. A repeated cross-sectional design, pooling secondary data retrieved from the U.S. General Social Survey database, was used to answer the research questions on the effect of ICT use on perceptions and actions concerning citizenship and participation. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. Study findings suggested that ICT use had no notable effect on changes in perceptions of citizenship. More specifically, results indicated that changes in perceptions and actions between 2004 and 2014 were not the result of ICTs, despite increasing ICT usage over the period. These findings indicate that ICTs are just tools, rather than agents of change. Acknowledging ICT use as a form of expression permits practitioners to deploy ICTs as tools to support civic engagement. Benefits from leveraging them as tools are likely to accrue individuals, society, and practitioners alike. The resulting implications for positive social change include increased participation as well as the adoption of democratic practices reflective of modern participatory demands and behaviors.
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Calitz, André Paul. "A model for the alignment of ICT education with business ICT skills requirements." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1418.
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The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) skills shortage is of national and international concern. Modern business practices require the implementation of new technologies supported by a workforce with current and diversified ICT skill-sets. Acquiring suitable ICT skills has become a difficult task and employers are seeing government intervention at all levels. The school system in South Africa is under increased pressure and is faced with continuously declining matriculation pass rates, specifically in subjects such as science and mathematics. Schools are experiencing a decline in the number of scholars (learners) enrolling for the Information Technology (IT) school curriculum. The IT curriculum at school level is being criticised; under-prepared teachers are blamed and lack of suitable facilities highlighted. Surveys conducted amongst grade 9 and grade 12 scholars in the Eastern Cape have shown that scholars are not considering careers in ICT. Teachers, career/guidance counsellors and parents contribute to scholars' career decisions and are not encouraging scholars to pursue careers in ICT. Tertiary institutions in South Africa and internationally, are experiencing a decline in student enrolments and in pass and throughput rates. Industry is holding tertiary institutions responsible for not providing the “correct” ICT graduate skill-sets and passing an insufficient number of quality ICT graduates desperately required by industry. The accreditation of computing degree programs, such as Computer Science (CS), Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT), collectively referred to as CIT, offered by tertiary institutions is becoming an international requirement. The ICT industry is constantly changing and new job requirements and new career opportunities are frequently introduced. Graduates entering the ICT industry should have acquired knowledge about ICT career tracks in order to specialise and choose a suitable career path. Tertiary CIT degree programs should further be linked to specific career tracks and provide a multi-disciplined education to graduates. ii ICT graduates working in industry utilise skills obtained in under-graduate and post-graduate CIT degree programs. The ICT graduates have also obtained valuable skills working in industry, including business skills and soft skills. ICT skill surveys have identified the graduate skills gap, indicating ICT skills industry requires from graduates completing tertiary level qualifications. ICT graduates working in industry, for example indicated that programming in some cases is over-emphasised at school and tertiary level and that soft skills are ignored by tertiary institutions. An ICT Graduate Skills Classifications Framework is developed to address the graduate ICT skills gap and highlight important business skills, soft skills, technical skills and programming skills required by industry. In this thesis, an Industry ICT Value Chain Model is further developed that suggests a holistic approach to the problems experienced at all levels of ICT skills development, including government, industry, tertiary education institutions and at school level. Results from a number of research surveys conducted along the proposed Industry ICT Skills Value Chain Model indicated that problems exist at all stages in the value chain and that the problems can only be addressed involving government, industry and tertiary institutions collectively. A number of interventions is required and the support from industry is essential in achieving overall success in addressing the ICT skills shortage in South Africa. A proposed Industry ICT Skills Value Chain Model that can be utilised to address the ICT skills shortage in South Africa is presented.
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Sweeney, Jennifer. "Adherence to the ICU Liberation ABCDEF Bundle Improves Patient Outcomes in the ICU." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5041.
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Delirium is a frequent complication of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions manifesting as acute confusion with inattention and disordered thinking. Patients in the ICU who develop acute delirium are more likely to experience long term disability and mortality. The purpose of this doctoral project was to evaluate an existing organizational quality improvement project to guide recommendations on improving care in the ICU. The practice-focused research question was: Does improving adherence to the ICU Liberation ABCDEF bundle for patients admitted to the ICU decrease incidence of delirium compared to outcomes prior to implementation? The Program Logic Model served as a framework for analysis of the organization's planning and implementation of this quality improvement project. Benchmark data from an organization's participation in the ICU Liberation Collaborative served as the primary source of evidence for analysis of outcomes. In addition, baseline data on current practice and outcomes in the organization's trauma ICU was analyzed and compared to the benchmark data. Analyses of data revealed strengths and opportunities for improvement in both the organization's project management and in current practices supporting adherence to the ABCDEF bundle guidelines. Incidence of delirium remained unchanged and far below national averages indicating need for further investigation into practices to verify this finding. Better prevention, identification, and management of delirium will lead to a positive impact on society, as patients who develop delirium rarely return to their baseline level of functioning.
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Hasan, Md Zahid. "Social Equity and Integrity through ICT: A Critical DiscourseAnalysis of ICT Policies in Bangladesh." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-169139.
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Information Communication Technology (ICT) is in the discourse of international development,which is often considered as the key to socio- economic development in the sense that it helps tosolve social problems and increases the rate of economic growth. ICT policies are situated in thiscontext. Many international agencies advocate certain policies in order to accelerate economicgrowth and development in so-called developing countries. In 2009, Bangladesh enacted itsNational ICT Policy setting a broad vision to establish a transparent, responsive and accountablegovernment; developed skilled human resources; and to enhance social equity through anextended use of ICT. Following this vision multiple objectives have been addressed where socialequity and integrity are prioritized in the name of developing a socially equitable and integratedsociety through ICT. The research task of this work is to analyze the discourse of this strategyand to compare it to social reality. The ‘Theory of Communicative Action’ (TCA), which isbased on the four validity claims - truth, legitimacy, sincerity, and clarity - is used to demonstratehow social equity and integrity are addressed as objectives and what claims are made in theaction items with regard to these two objectives and how far such claims reflect social reality.Keywords:Information Communication Technology (ICT), National ICT Policy, Social Equity, Integrity,Communicative Action Theory, Critical Discourse Analysis, Validity Claims, ICT4D, CriticalTheory, Critical Information Systems research.