Journal articles on the topic 'ICS'
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Lanciu Dorofte, Andreea, Cristian Dima, Alina Ceoromila, Andreea Botezatu, Rodica Dinica, Iulia Bleoanca, and Daniela Borda. "Controlled Release of β-CD-Encapsulated Thyme Essential Oil from Whey Protein Edible Packaging." Coatings 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030508.
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Whey edible films (EFs) functionalized with essential oils have a high potential to be used on various foods due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Encapsulation is applied for a better retention of volatiles in EFs; however, the functional properties of EFs are modified. The properties of EFs containing thyme essential oil (TEO) encapsulated by co-precipitation in β-CD, developed in three formulae, with inclusion complexes (EF/IC1, EF/IC2, and EF/IC3, respectively) in 15:85, 26:74, and 35:65 mass ratios were studied. Thymol is the main volatile in the ICs with TEO/β-CD (50%–60% of the total volatiles). In comparison with EF/TEO, all three formulae with EF/ICs had better, but similar, WVPs (p > 0.05). The EF/IC2 displayed a different FTIR profile than EF/IC1 and EF/IC3, suggesting a smaller number of free functional groups. The EF/IC2 showed better transparency in comparison with EF/IC1 and EF/IC3. All EF/ICs moderately inhibited R. glutinis, with the strongest activity registered by EF/IC3 (p < 0.05), but did not inhibit G. candidum, while showing a strong antibacterial activity against B. cereus. All EF/ICs inhibited 65%–70% of the total free radicals. The EF/ICs ensured a gradual release of VOCs in food simulants, with a higher rate in 95% ethanol than in water. These results have demonstrated the properties of EF/ICs with TEO/β-CD as bioactive packaging systems for foods.
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Ogawa, K., R. Kamiya, C. G. Wilkerson, and G. B. Witman. "Interspecies conservation of outer arm dynein intermediate chain sequences defines two intermediate chain subclasses." Molecular Biology of the Cell 6, no. 6 (June 1995): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.6.6.685.
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Immunological analysis showed that antibodies against the intermediate chains (ICs) IC2 and IC3 of sea urchin outer arm dynein specifically cross-reacted with intermediate chains IC78 and IC69, respectively, of Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein. In contrast, no specific cross-reactivity with any Chlamydomonas outer arm polypeptide was observed using antibody against IC1 of sea urchin outer arm dynein. To learn more about the relationships between the different ICs, overlapping cDNAs encoding all of IC2 and IC3 of sea urchin were isolated and sequenced. Comparison of these sequences with those previously obtained for the Chlamydomonas ICs revealed that, although all four chains are homologous, sea urchin IC2 is much more closely related to Chlamydomonas IC78 (45.8% identity), and sea urchin IC3 is much more closely related to Chlamydomonas IC69 (48.5% identity), than either sea urchin chain is related to the other (23.5% identity). For homologous pairs, the similarities extend throughout the full lengths of the chains. Regions of similarity between all four ICs and the IC (IC74) of cytoplasmic dynein, located in the C-terminal halves of the chains, are due primarily to conservation of the WD repeats present in all of these ICs. This is the first demonstration that structural differences between individual ICs within an outer arm dynein have been highly conserved in the dyneins of distantly related species. The results provide a basis for the subclassification of these chains.
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Rühl-Teichner, Johanna, Lisa Jacobmeyer, Ursula Leidner, Torsten Semmler, and Christa Ewers. "Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Horses." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030556.
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Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in humans and animals, including horses. The occurrence of dominant international clones (ICs), frequent multidrug resistance, and the capability to form biofilms are considered major factors in the successful spread of A. baumannii in human and veterinary clinical environments. Since little is known about A. baumannii isolates from horses, we studied 78 equine A. baumannii isolates obtained from clinical samples between 2008 and 2020 for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR), clonal distribution, biofilm-associated genes (BAGs), and biofilm-forming capability. Based on whole-genome sequence analyses, ICs, multilocus (ML) and core-genome ML sequence types (STs), and AMR genes were determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution. A crystal violet assay was used for biofilm quantification. Almost 37.2% of the isolates were assigned to IC1 (10.3%), IC2 (20.5%), and IC3 (6.4%). Overall, the isolates revealed high genomic diversity. We identified 51 different STs, including 22 novel STs (ST1723–ST1744), and 34 variants of the intrinsic oxacillinase (OXA), including 8 novel variants (OXA-970 to OXA-977). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cefpodoxime, and nitrofurantoin. IC1-IC3 isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Thirty-one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates mainly accumulated in the IC1-IC3 groups. In general, these isolates showed less biofilm formation (IC1 = 25.0%, IC2 = 18.4%, IC3 = 15.0%) than the group of non-IC1-IC3 isolates (58.4%). Isolates belonging to the same ICs/STs revealed identical BAG patterns. BAG blp1 was absent in all isolates, whereas bfmR and pgaA were present in all isolates. At the level of the IC groups, the AMR status was negatively correlated with the isolates’ ability to form a biofilm. A considerable portion of equine A. baumannii isolates revealed ICs/STs that are globally present in humans. Both an MDR phenotype and the capability to form biofilms might lead to therapeutic failures in equine medicine, particularly due to the limited availability of licensed drugs.
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Bassiouni, Rania, Michael Idowu, Lee D. Gibbs, Pamela J. Grizzard, Michelle G. Webb, Ashley Noriega, Valentina Robila, David W. Craig, and John D. Carpten. "Abstract 2032: Comprehensive spatial transcriptomic analysis of an integrated, diverse cohort reveals distinct molecular topographic patterns in triple negative breast cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2032.
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Abstract Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that disproportionately affects African-American and black (AAB) women, who have higher rates of incidence and mortality. To understand this disparity, we must apply advanced molecular profiling to racially diverse cohorts. We propose the use of spatial transcriptomics to map whole transcriptome data to several thousand coordinates within tissue sections, for comprehensive and unbiased characterization of TNBC tumors and their microenvironment. Methods: We applied the Visium Spatial Gene Expression method (10x Genomics) to 28 fresh frozen TNBC tissue sections obtained from 14 patients (7 AAB and 7 Non-Hispanic White). Sections were stained with H&E, and regions of tumor and stroma were annotated by a pathologist. The assay yielded whole transcriptome data from over 36,000 spatially-defined features, averaging 1,380 features per section. Expression data from each sample was normalized and subject to dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis. All sections were also integrated into a single dataset, from which integrated clusters (IC) were defined. Several bioinformatics tools were used to annotate the data at the feature, cluster, and IC level. Join count statistical analysis was employed to quantify patterns of spatial aggregation or dispersion of ICs across samples. Results: Clustering analysis revealed that all samples exhibited a great deal of heterogeneity; most contained several transcriptionally distinct regions of both tumor and stroma. Application of the ESTIMATE gene sets at the feature level accurately defined tumor and non-malignant regions when compared to histopathological annotation. Gene set enrichment analysis at the cluster level allowed further classification of biological processes within each sample. Following integration of all 28 samples, 9 ICs were defined from transcriptional data. Although all ICs were present in all samples, IC5 - characterized by a strong hypoxic signature - was overrepresented in AAB samples. ICs were then mapped back to individual samples and subject to join count statistics. This revealed strong spatial autocorrelation within each IC, as well as significant spatial pairings of ICs. The fibrotic clusters IC3 and IC7 were strongly contiguous in all samples (z-score > 5), as were tumor clusters IC1 and IC4. Conversely, we found spatial exclusion between IC3 and tumor clusters IC5 and IC2. Conclusion: Our study provides novel evidence of spatially related populations across diverse TNBC samples. Our findings suggest that, while TNBC tumors are highly heterogeneous, they exhibit elements of a common spatio-transcriptional architecture. Moreover, this provides a new framework in which to evaluate transcriptional differences between racial groups within a broader spatial context. Citation Format: Rania Bassiouni, Michael Idowu, Lee D. Gibbs, Pamela J. Grizzard, Michelle G. Webb, Ashley Noriega, Valentina Robila, David W. Craig, John D. Carpten. Comprehensive spatial transcriptomic analysis of an integrated, diverse cohort reveals distinct molecular topographic patterns in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2032.
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Salame, Gerard, Elizabeth Wittrock, Hardik Patel, Brant Hafen, Ayal Levi, and Tyler Millard. "Is Increasing Age Associated with Higher Rates of Intercostal Arteries Vulnerable to Laceration? A Point of Care Ultrasound Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 5788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195788.
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Ultrasound-guided pre-procedural planning decreases complications from bedside thoracentesis. Although rare, intercostal artery (ICA) laceration is a serious complication that occurs when vulnerable intercostal arteries (VICA) are no longer protected by the superior rib. We sought to determine if increasing patient age is associated with greater odds of encountering a VICA. Randomly selected in-patients underwent pre-procedural planning for a mock posterior bedside thoracentesis. ICAs were categorized as vulnerable if they were visible within the corresponding intercostal space (ICS). We recorded where the VICA entered and exited the ICS as well as its unshielded length. A total of 40 patients (20 male) were enrolled and 240 ICS (6 ICS per patient) were scanned. Within this cohort, 25% of patients were noted to have at least one VICA. We could not demonstrate any relationship between the patient’s age or location of the ICS, with the odds of encountering a VICA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, p = 0.76; OR = 0.85, p = 0.27, respectively). Given the haphazard nature of VICA distribution and poor outcomes associated with inadvertent laceration, we recommend that ICA screening at the site of needle insertion be routinely performed prior to thoracentesis.
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Henao, Maria Paula, Jennifer L. Kraschnewski, Matthew D. Bolton, Faoud Ishmael, and Timothy Craig. "Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Particle Size on Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 7287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197287.
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Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) produce local effects on upper airway dilators that could increase the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Given that the particle size of ICS changes their distribution, the particle size of ICS may impact the risk of developing OSA. Objectives: In this large retrospective study, we explore the relationship of ICS use and OSA in patients with asthma. In addition, we seek to determine if this relationship is affected by the particle size of ICS. Methods: Using electronic health records, we established a cohort of 29,816 asthmatics aged 12 and older with a diagnosis of asthma documented by ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes between January 2011 and August 2016. We performed analyses of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the effects ICS on the diagnosis of OSA with sub-analysis by particle size of ICS. Results: Uncontrolled asthmatics showed increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of OSA whether when looking at ACT scores (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.60, 95% CI 1.32–1.94) or PFT results (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.77). Users of ICS also had increased odds of OSA independent of asthma control (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.47–1.70). Notably, users of extra-fine particle ICS did not have significantly increased odds of having OSA compared to non-users of ICS (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.78–1.58). Conclusions: Use of ICS appears to be an independent risk factor for OSA. Notably, extra-fine particle size ICS do not appear to be associated with an increased risk of OSA.
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Li, Ming, Husi Letu, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Shulei Li, Lei Liu, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Dabin Ji, Huazhe Shang, and Chong Shi. "Retrieval of terahertz ice cloud properties from airborne measurements based on the irregularly shaped Voronoi ice scattering models." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-331-2023.
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Abstract. Currently, terahertz remote sensing technology is one of the best ways to detect the microphysical properties of ice clouds. Influenced by the representativeness of the ice crystal scattering (ICS) model, the existing terahertz ice cloud remote sensing inversion algorithms still have significant uncertainties. In this study, based on the Voronoi ICS model, we developed a terahertz remote sensing inversion algorithm of the ice water path (IWP) and median mass diameter (Dme) of ice clouds. This study utilized the single-scattering properties (extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor) of the Voronoi, sphere, and hexagonal column ICS models in the terahertz region. Combined with 14 408 groups of particle size distributions obtained from aircraft-based measurements, we developed the Voronoi, sphere, and column ICS schemes based on the Voronoi, sphere, and column ICS models. The three schemes were applied to the radiative transfer model to carry out the sensitivity analysis of the top-of-cloud (TOC) terahertz brightness temperature differences between cloudy and clear skies (BTDs) on the IWP and Dme. The sensitivity results showed that the TOC BTDs between 640 and 874 GHz are functions of the IWP, and the TOC BTDs of 380, 640, and 874 GHz are functions of the Dme. The Voronoi ICS scheme possesses stronger sensitivity to the Dme than the sphere and column ICS schemes. Based on the sensitivity results, we built a multi-channel look-up table for BTDs. The IWP and Dme were searched from the look-up table using an optimal estimation algorithm. We used 2000 BTD test data randomly generated by the RSTAR model to assess the algorithm's accuracy. Test results showed that the correlation coefficients of the retrieved IWP and Dme reached 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. As an application, we used the inversion algorithm to retrieve the ice cloud IWP and Dme based on the Compact Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR) airborne terahertz radiation measurements. Validation against the retrievals of the Bayesian algorithm reveals that the Voronoi ICS model performs better than the sphere and hexagonal column ICS models, with enhancement of the mean absolute errors of 5.0 % and 12.8 % for IWP and Dme, respectively. In summary, the results of this study confirmed the practicality and effectiveness of the Voronoi ICS model in the terahertz remote sensing inversion of ice cloud microphysical properties.
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Klitgaard, Allan, Rikke Ibsen, Jesper Lykkegaard, Ole Hilberg, and Anders Løkke. "National Development in the Use of Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Repeated Cross-Sectional Studies from 1998 to 2018." Biomedicines 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020372.
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Recommendations for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shifted towards a more restrictive use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We aimed to identify the nationwide development over time in the use of ICS treatment in COPD. We conducted a register-based repeated cross-sectional study using Danish nationwide registers. On a yearly basis from 1998 to 2018, we included all patients in Denmark ≥ 40 years of age with an ICD-10 diagnosis of COPD (J44). Accumulated ICS use was calculated for each year based on redeemed prescriptions. Patients were divided into the following groups: No ICS, low-dose ICS, medium-dose ICS, or high-dose ICS. From 1998 to 2018, the yearly proportion of patients without ICS treatment increased (from 50.6% to 57.6%), the proportion of patients on low-dose ICS treatment increased (from 11.3% to 14.9%), and the proportion of patients on high-dose ICS treatment decreased (from 17.0% to 9.4%). We demonstrated a national reduction in the use of ICS treatment in COPD from 1998 to 2018, with an increase in the proportion of patients without ICS and on low-dose ICS treatment and a decrease in the proportion of patients on high-dose ICS treatment.
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Kdimati, Said, Clemens Christoph, Änne Glass, Nadja Engel, Desiree-Louise Dräger, Claudia Maletzki, Anne-Sophie Becker, and Annette Zimpfer. "Differential Expression of CKLF-like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain-Containing Protein 6 and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 as Prognostic Biomarkers in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6 (March 20, 2024): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063492.
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Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5–10% of all UCs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been established for UCs. The prognostic and predictive potential of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression to stratify patients benefiting from ICIs is not fully understood, and additional markers influencing the impact of PD-L1-mediated ICI response are needed. Previously, the chemokine-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6 (CMTM6) was identified as a positive regulator of PD-L1. Our aim was to investigate the expression profiles and impact of PD-L1 and CMTM6 protein status on the prognostic parameters and survival of UTUC patients. In this retrospective study, the combined positive score (CPS), tumor proportion score (TPS), and immune cell score (ICS) for PD-L1 and CMTM6 were determined. High PD-L1 CPS, ICS, and TPS were found in 77.4%, 58.3%, and 45.2% of cases, and high CMTM6 CPS, ICS, and TPS were seen in 52.5%, 51.5%, and 55.5% of cases, respectively. The scores of both markers had a significant positive correlation. High PD-L1 and CMTM6 expression was coupled with higher pT status, WHO grade, necrosis, and metastasis (p < 0.05, respectively). In the univariate survival analysis, patients with a PD-L1 ICS high and higher degree of intratumoral inflammation showed significantly longer overall survival. Compared to other studies on UC, our study shows a substantially higher rate of PD-L1-positive tumors. CMTM6 was associated with more aggressive tumors.
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Zhang, Sunan, Jianyan Tian, Amit Banerjee, and Jiangli Li. "An Efficient Porcine Acoustic Signal Denoising Technique Based on EEMD-ICA-WTD." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (August 25, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2858740.
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Automatic monitoring of group-housed pigs in real time through porcine acoustic signals has played a crucial role in automated farming. In the process of data collection and transmission, acoustic signals are generally interfered with noise. In this paper, an effective porcine acoustic signal denoising technique based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), independent component analysis (ICA), and wavelet threshold denoising (WTD) is proposed. Firstly, the porcine acoustic signal is decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by EEMD. In addition, permutation entropy (PE) is adopted to distinguish noise-dominant IMFs from the IMFs. Secondly, ICA is employed to extract the independent components (ICs) of the noise-dominant IMFs. The correlation coefficients of ICs and the first IMF are calculated to recognize noise ICs. The noise ICs will be removed. Then, WTD is applied to the other ICs. Finally, the porcine acoustic signal is reconstructed by the processed components. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the denoising performance of porcine acoustic signal.
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Cao, Lu, Prashanth Prithviraj, Ritu Shrestha, Revati Sharma, Matthew Anaka, Kim R. Bridle, George Kannourakis, Darrell H. G. Crawford, and Aparna Jayachandran. "Prognostic Role of Immune Checkpoint Regulators in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102191.
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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a hepatobiliary malignancy associated with steadily increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing the effectiveness and safety of a few immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in CCA patients. However, these ICI treatments as monotherapies may be effective for a proportion of patients with CCA. The prevalence and distribution of other immune checkpoints (ICs) in CCA remain unclear. In this pilot study, we screened databases of CCA patients for the expression of 19 ICs and assessed the prognostic significance of these ICs in CCA patients. Notably, expression of immune modulator IDO1 and PD-L1 were linked with poor overall survival, while FASLG and NT5E were related to both worse overall survival and progression-free survival. We also identified immune modulators IDO1, FASLG, CD80, HAVCR2, NT5E, CTLA-4, LGALS9, VTCN1 and TNFRSF14 that synergized with PD-L1 and correlated with worse patient outcomes. In vitro studies revealed that the expression of ICs was closely linked with aggressive CCA subpopulations, such as cancer stem cells and cells undergoing TGF-β and TNF-α-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These findings suggest that the aforementioned IC molecules may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and drug targets in CCA patients, leading to lasting and durable treatment outcomes.
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Shelenkov, Andrey, Lyudmila Petrova, Mikhail Zamyatin, Yulia Mikhaylova, and Vasiliy Akimkin. "Diversity of International High-Risk Clones of Acinetobacter baumannii Revealed in a Russian Multidisciplinary Medical Center during 2017–2019." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10081009.
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Acinetobacter baumannii is a dangerous bacterial pathogen possessing the ability to persist on various surfaces, especially in clinical settings, and to rapidly acquire the resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Thus, the epidemiological surveillance of A. baumannii within a particular hospital, region, and across the world is an important healthcare task that currently usually includes performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of representative isolates. During the past years, the dissemination of A. baumannii across the world was mainly driven by the strains belonging to two major groups called the global clones or international clones (ICs) of high risk (IC1 and IC2). However, currently nine ICs are already considered. Although some clones were previously thought to spread in particular regions of the world, in recent years this is usually not the case. In this study, we determined five ICs, as well as three isolates not belonging to the major ICs, in one multidisciplinary medical center within the period 2017–2019. We performed WGS using both short- and long-read sequencing technologies of nine representative clinical A. baumannii isolates, which allowed us to determine the antibiotic resistance and virulence genomic determinants, reveal the CRISPR/Cas systems, and obtain the plasmid structures. The phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles are compared, and the possible ways of isolate and resistance spreading are discussed. We believe that the data obtained will provide a better understanding of the spreading and resistance acquisition of the ICs of A. baumannii and further stress the necessity for continuous genomic epidemiology surveillance of this problem-causing bacterial species.
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Kim, Jinyoung, Hongjun An, and Kaya Mori. "Investigation of the Broadband Emission of the Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057 Using an Intrabinary Shock Model." Astrophysical Journal 936, no. 1 (August 29, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8663.
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Abstract We investigated a wealth of X-ray and gamma-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) and multiband light-curve (LC) data of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 using a phenomenological intrabinary shock (IBS) model. Our baseline model assumes that the IBS is formed by colliding winds from a putative pulsar and its Be companion and that particles accelerated in the IBS emit broadband radiation via synchrotron (SY) and inverse Compton upscattering (ICS) processes. Adopting the latest orbital solution and system geometry, we reproduced the global X-ray and TeV LC features, two broad bumps at ϕ ∼ 0.3 and ∼0.7, with the SY and ICS model components. We found that these TeV LC peaks originate from ICS emission caused by the enhanced seed photon density near periastron and superior conjunction or Doppler-beamed emission of bulk-accelerated particles in the IBS at inferior conjunction. While our IBS model successfully explained most of the observed SED and LC data, we found that phase-resolved SED data in the TeV band require an additional component associated with ICS emission from preshock particles (produced by the pulsar wind). This finding indicates a possibility of delineating the IBS emission components and determining the bulk Lorentz factors of the pulsar wind at certain orbital phases.
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Markowicz, Iwona, and Paweł Baran. "Duration of Trade Relationships of Polish Enterprises on the Intra-Community Market: The Case of Vehicles and Automotive Parts Trade." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063599.
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International trade allows for wider access to goods and services in domestic markets. It contributes to socio-economic development, and it is an important factor in raising living standards. The aim of the study is to provide a duration analysis of trade relationships of Polish enterprises on the intra-community market and determine the influence of selected factors on the length of time the relationships last. We employ survival analysis methods to study the duration of Polish enterprises on the intra-community market (the case of 87 CN chapter—vehicles and parts and accessories thereof), separately for intra-community supplies (ICS) and intra-community acquisitions (ICA). Our research covers trade relationships at a level close to individual transactions—the data unit relates to a specific domestic company, a specific product group (combined nomenclature heading), a specific direction of the transaction (ICS/ICA) and exchange with a specific country. Differences in duration curves for ICS and ICA are statistically significant, and export (ICS) relationships are more durable over time than import relationships (ICA). The most durable relationships of Polish enterprises are with business partners from countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Spain, Portugal and the Czech Republic.
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Babic, Uros, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Aleksandar Argirovic, Mihailo Stjepanovic, Dejan Lazovic, Djordje Nale, Milan Perovic, Stefan Dugalic, and Vinka Vukotic. "Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Serbian Version of the ICS SF Male Questionnaire." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/673196.
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Introduction. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate ICS male SF questionnaire to Serbian language.Materials and Methods. This study included 91 male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and 24 men with similar age and with confirmed absence of LUTS. ICS male SF questionnaire was translated from English to Serbian language and then back-translated to English.Results. Internal consistency was high in both dimensions, voiding (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.916) and incontinence (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.763). Comparison of the average scores between patients and controls revealed significant differences in both dimensions: voiding (med = 8 versus med = 0;P<0.001) and incontinence (med = 3 versus med = 0;P<0.001). Interclass correlation revealed high testretest validity in both dimensions, voiding ICC = 0.992P<0.001and incontinece ICC = 0.989P<0.001. Correlation analysis revealed high agreement between ICS male SF voiding dimension and IPSS questionnaire (ρ=0.943;P<0.001).Conclusion. The Serbian version of male ICS SF questionnaire showed acceptable reliability and validity. The ICS male SF questionnaire could be used in routine practice as an easy and comprehensive tool for assessment of LUTS.
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Mur, Angel, Raquel Dormido, and Natividad Duro. "An Unsupervised Method for Artefact Removal in EEG Signals." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 18, 2019): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102302.
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Objective: The activity of the brain can be recorded by means of an electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is a multichannel signal related to brain activity. However, EEG presents a wide variety of undesired artefacts. Removal of these artefacts is often done using blind source separation methods (BSS) and mainly those based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA-based methods are well-accepted in the literature for filtering artefacts and have proved to be satisfactory in most scenarios of interest. Our goal is to develop a generic and unsupervised ICA-based algorithm for EEG artefacts removal. Approach: The proposed algorithm makes use of a new unsupervised artefact detection, ICA and a statistical criterion to automatically select the artefact related independent components (ICs) requiring no human intervention. The algorithm is evaluated using both simulated and real EEG data with artefacts (SEEG and AEEG). A comparison between the proposed unsupervised selection of ICs related to the artefact and other supervised selection is also presented. Main results: A new unsupervised ICA-based algorithm to filter artefacts, where ICs related to each artefact are automatically selected. It can be used in online applications, it preserves most of the original information among the artefacts and removes different types of artefacts. Significance: ICA-based methods for filtering artefacts prevail in the literature. The work in this article is important insofar as it addresses the problem of automatic selection of ICs in ICA-based methods. The selection is unsupervised, avoiding the manual ICs selection or a learning process involved in other methods. Our method is a generic algorithm that allows removing EEG artefacts of various types and, unlike some ICA-based algorithms, it retains most of the original information among the artefacts. Within the algorithm, the artefact detection method implemented does not require human intervention either.
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Singh, S., and C. F. Wu. "Properties of potassium currents and their role in membrane excitability in Drosophila larval muscle fibers." Journal of Experimental Biology 152, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.152.1.59.
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The larval muscle fibers of Drosophila show four outward K+ currents in addition to the inward Ca2+ current in voltage-clamp recordings. The Shaker (Sh) and the slowpoke (slo) mutations, respectively, eliminate the voltage-activated fast K+ current (IA) and the Ca2(+)-activated fast K+ current (ICF). Quinidine specifically blocks the voltage-activated delayed K+ current (IK) at micromolar concentrations. We used Sh, slo and quinidine to remove specifically one or more K+ currents, so as to study physiological properties of these currents not previously characterized, and to examine their role in membrane excitability. A linear relationship was observed between the peak ICF and the peak ICa at different membrane potentials. ICF inactivated considerably during a 140 ms pulse to +20 mV. Recovery from inactivation was not complete for up to 2 s at the holding potential of −50 mV, which is much slower than the recovery of Ca2+ current from inactivation. In addition to IA and ICF, two delayed K+ currents are also observed in these fibers, the voltage-activated IK and the Ca2(+)-activated ICS. Near the end of a 500 ms depolarizing pulse, both IA and ICF are inactivated. Ca2(+)-free and 20 mmol l-1 Ca2+ saline were used to examine the tail currents of the remaining IK and ICS. The tail currents of ICS were slower than those of IK and reversed between −30 and −50 mV in different fibers. We further studied the dose-dependence of the blockade of IK by quinidine, which did not indicate a simple one-to-one binding mechanism. Current-clamp recordings from normal, Sh, slo and the double-mutant Sh;slo fibers suggested that ICF plays a stronger role than IA in repolarization of the larval muscle membrane. Elimination of ICF facilitates the occurrence of action potentials. Further elimination of IK prolonged the action potentials to several hundred milliseconds.
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Olsen, Henrik Palmer, and Stuart Toddington. "The End of an Era: Static and Dynamic Interpretation in International Courts." International Criminal Law Review 14, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2014): 920–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01405010.
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Ninety per cent of international courts’ (ICs) legal decisions have been issued within the last two decades. This increase in case law - along with other significant changes in the operation of ICs - signals a new form of judicialised international law. This change is best described as a shift from a 'static' regime of contractual relations between sovereign states to a more 'organic' regime of 'living law'. In criminal law, this development is exemplified by the reasoning of the ICTY, the ICTR and the ICC. In examining the institutional undercurrents that accompany these changes important questions arise: through what social processes is legitimacy imputed to ICs? How do ICs handle or avoid crises in legitimacy? In the context of recent critiques of judicial reasoning in international criminal law, the article suggests that the analysis of case law from ICs must become as dynamic and agile as contemporary international law itself.
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Pirastru, Alice, Laura Pelizzari, Niels Bergsland, Marta Cazzoli, Pietro Cecconi, Francesca Baglio, and Maria Marcella Laganà. "Consistent Cerebral Blood Flow Covariance Networks across Healthy Individuals and Their Similarity with Resting State Networks and Vascular Territories." Diagnostics 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110963.
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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) represents the local blood supply to the brain, and it can be considered a proxy for neuronal activation. Independent component analysis (ICA) can be applied to CBF maps to derive patterns of spatial covariance across subjects. In the present study, we aimed to assess the consistency of the independent components derived from CBF maps (CBF-ICs) across a cohort of 92 healthy individuals. Moreover, we evaluated the spatial similarity of CBF-ICs with respect to resting state networks (RSNs) and vascular territories (VTs). The data were acquired on a 1.5 T scanner using arterial spin labeling (ASL) and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Similarity was assessed considering the entire ASL dataset. Consistency was evaluated by splitting the dataset into subsamples according to three different criteria: (1) random split of age and sex-matched subjects, (2) elderly vs. young, and (3) males vs. females. After standard preprocessing, ICA was performed. Both consistency and similarity were assessed by visually comparing the CBF-ICs. Then, the degree of spatial overlap was quantified with Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Frontal, left, and right occipital, cerebellar, and thalamic CBF-ICs were consistently identified among the subsamples, independently of age and sex, with fair to moderate overlap (0.2 < DSC ≤ 0.6). These regions are functional hubs, and their involvement in many neurodegenerative pathologies has been observed. As slight to moderate overlap (0.2< DSC < 0.5) was observed between CBF-ICs and some RSNs and VTs, CBF-ICs may mirror a combination of both functional and vascular brain properties.
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Murai, Yasuo, Eitaro Ishisaka, Atsushi Watanabe, Tetsuro Sekine, Kazutaka Shirokane, Fumihiro Matano, Ryuta Nakae, Tomonori Tamaki, Kenta Koketsu, and Akio Morita. "RNF213 c.14576G>A Is Associated with Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Saccular Aneurysms." Genes 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101468.
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A mutation in RNF213 (c.14576G>A), a gene associated with moyamoya disease (>80%), plays a role in terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (>15%) (ICS). Studies on RNF213 and cerebral aneurysms (AN), which did not focus on the site of origin or morphology, could not elucidate the relationship between the two. However, a report suggested a relationship between RNF213 and AN in French-Canadians. Here, we investigated the relationship between ICA saccular aneurysm (ICA-AN) and RNF213. We analyzed RNF213 expression in subjects with ICA-AN and atherosclerotic ICS. Cases with a family history of moyamoya disease were excluded. AN smaller than 4 mm were confirmed as AN only by surgical or angiographic findings. RNF213 was detected in 12.2% of patients with ICA-AN and 13.6% of patients with ICS; patients with ICA-AN and ICS had a similar risk of RNF213 mutation expression (odds ratio, 0.884; 95% confidence interval, 0.199–3.91; p = 0.871). The relationship between ICA-AN and RNF213 (c.14576G>A) was not correlated with the location of the ICA and bifurcation, presence of rupture, or multiplicity. When the etiology and location of AN were more restricted, the incidence of RNF213 mutations in ICA-AN was higher than that reported in previous studies. Our results suggest that strict maternal vessel selection and pathological selection of AN morphology may reveal an association between genetic mutations and ICA-AN development. The results of this study may form a basis for further research on systemic vascular diseases, in which the RNF213 (c.14576G>A) mutation has been implicated.
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Puladi, Behrus, Mark Ooms, Svetlana Kintsler, Khosrow Siamak Houschyar, Florian Steib, Ali Modabber, Frank Hölzle, Ruth Knüchel-Clarke, and Till Braunschweig. "Automated PD-L1 Scoring Using Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 4409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174409.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent a new therapeutic approach in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The patient selection for the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy is based on the degree of PD-L1 expression in immunohistochemistry reflected by manually determined PD-L1 scores. However, manual scoring shows variability between different investigators and is influenced by cognitive and visual traps and could therefore negatively influence treatment decisions. Automated PD-L1 scoring could facilitate reliable and reproducible results. Our novel approach uses three neural networks sequentially applied for fully automated PD-L1 scoring of all three established PD-L1 scores: tumor proportion score (TPS), combined positive score (CPS) and tumor-infiltrating immune cell score (ICS). Our approach was validated using WSIs of HNSCC cases and compared with manual PD-L1 scoring by human investigators. The inter-rater correlation (ICC) between human and machine was very similar to the human-human correlation. The ICC was slightly higher between human-machine compared to human-human for the CPS and ICS, but a slightly lower for the TPS. Our study provides deeper insights into automated PD-L1 scoring by neural networks and its limitations. This may serve as a basis to improve ICI patient selection in the future.
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Li, Mingjia, Daniel Spakowicz, Songzhu Zhao, Sandip H. Patel, Andrew Johns, Madison Grogan, Abdul Miah, et al. "Inhaled corticosteroid use and risk of pneumonitis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3140.
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3140 Background: The identification of risk factors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is an important area of research. Among irAEs, pneumonitis carries one of the highest morbidities. There is a lack of strong predictors for pneumonitis in patients (pts) treated with ICI. We sought to identify predictors for the development of pneumonitis, and whether the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) at time of ICI could be protective. Methods: Pts with advanced cancer treated with ICI from 2011 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Pneumonitis attribution to ICI was determined by treating physician at time of diagnosis. Time to pneumonitis was defined as days from the start of ICI to pneumonitis diagnosis. Pts who never had pneumonitis were censored at the time of last follow up or death. Predictors of pneumonitis were assessed by univariate Cox proportional hazard models at a significance threshold of alpha = 0.05. Results: A total of 837 pts were identified, and 30 (3.6%) pts developed any grade pneumonitis (12 grade 2, 14 grade 3, 1 grade 4, 3 grade 5) after receiving ICI (Table). Pts with age ≥65 years (y) had increased risk of developing pneumonitis over pts with age < 65y (HR 2.1, 95 CI: 1.02-4.4, p=0.041). 82 (9.7%) of the total cohort were on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) at time of ICI, and 9 (11%) developed pneumonitis. Rather than being protective, pts on ICS had higher risk of pneumonitis (HR 4.2, 95 CI: 1.9-9.2, p=0.001). Pts with lung cancer had an increased risk for pneumonitis compared to pts with other cancers (HR 3.2, 95 CI: 1.5-6.4, p =0.003). Other risk factors included performance status, smoking history, line of therapy, or prior treatment including radiation were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Rather than a protective effect of ICS, our analysis found a higher risk of pneumonitis in pts treated with ICS. We confirmed an increased risk of pneumonitis for lung cancer pts compared to pts with other cancers, and higher risk of pneumonitis in pts age >65y. We hypothesize that the increased inflammatory status in chronic lung inflammation may predispose pts to pneumonitis that was not ameliorated by ICS. Future study is needed in prospective cohorts to further clarify the underlying inflammatory mechanism. [Table: see text]
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&NA;. "Joint Meeting of ICS, IUGA, and ICCS." Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques 10, no. 3 (June 1999): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024720-199906000-00020.
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&NA;. "Joint Meeting of ICS, IUGA, and ICCS." Journal of SPINAL DISORDERS 12, no. 1 (February 1999): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-199902000-00031.
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&NA;. "Joint Meeting of ICS, IUGA, and ICCS." Journal of Spinal Disorders 12, no. 2 (April 1999): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-199904000-00023.
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&NA;. "Joint Meeting of ICS, IUGA, and ICCS." Journal of Spinal Disorders 10, no. 3 (June 1999): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-199906000-00020.
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Bussolati, Gianni. "Of GISTs and EGISTs, ICCs and ICs." Virchows Archiv 447, no. 6 (September 21, 2005): 907–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-005-0083-3.
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Montazeri, Reihaneh, Shirin Hasanpour, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Manizheh Mostafa Gharehbaghi, and Soheila Bani. "Psychometric Assessment of Infant Colic Scale in Iranian Population." Journal of Caring Sciences 12, no. 4 (October 10, 2023): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2023.31959.
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Introduction: Infant colic, causing excessive crying, poses anxiety for parents and a challenge for pediatricians and nurses. The Infant Colic Scale (ICS) serves to assess the severity and causal factors of colic. Despite its significance, the psychometric properties of ICS have not been evaluated in the Iranian population. This study seeks to address this gap by assessing the psychometric properties of ICS in Iran. Methods: A sample of 220 mothers with 2–16-week-old term infants diagnosed with infantile colic was selected through convenience sampling. Following forward and back-translation, the face validity, content validity, and construct validity of ICS were systematically evaluated. Reliability was examined through both internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test-retest stability methods. Results: Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) values for ICS were 0.94 and 0.81, respectively. The good fit indices confirmed the validity of the five-factor structure. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were 0.71 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian version of ICS is a valid and reliable tool, suitable for assessing infantile colic in the Iranian population. Future studies and clinical practice can utilize this tool to identify major causes of this disorder in the Iranian context.
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Kgatle, Mankgopo M., Tebatso M. G. Boshomane, Ismaheel O. Lawal, Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala, Neo P. Mokgoro, Nico Lourens, Kalevo Kairemo, Jan Rijn Zeevaart, Mariza Vorster, and Mike M. Sathekge. "Immune Checkpoints, Inhibitors and Radionuclides in Prostate Cancer: Promising Combinatorial Therapy Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084109.
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Emerging research demonstrates that co-inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) remain the most promising immunotherapy targets in various malignancies. Nonetheless, ICIs have offered insignificant clinical benefits in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) especially when they are used as monotherapies. Current existing PCa treatment initially offers an improved clinical outcome and overall survival (OS), however, after a while the treatment becomes resistant leading to aggressive and uncontrolled disease associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Concurrent combination of the ICIs with radionuclides therapy that has rapidly emerged as safe and effective targeted approach for treating PCa patients may shift the paradigm of PCa treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the contextual contribution of old and new emerging inhibitory ICs in PCa, preclinical and clinical studies supporting the use of these ICs in treating PCa patients. Furthermore, we will also describe the potential of using a combinatory approach of ICIs and radionuclides therapy in treating PCa patients to enhance efficacy, durable cancer control and OS. The inhibitory ICs considered in this review are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) and B7-H4.
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Gao, Jun, Jiazun Chen, Zhao Li, and Ji Zhang. "ICS-GNN." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 6 (February 2021): 1006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3447689.3447704.
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Searching a community containing a given query vertex in an online social network enjoys wide applications like recommendation, team organization, etc. When applied to real-life networks, the existing approaches face two major limitations. First, they usually take two steps, i.e. , crawling a large part of the network first and then finding the community next, but the entire network is usually too big and most of the data are not interesting to end users. Second, the existing methods utilize hand-crafted rules to measure community membership, while it is very difficult to define effective rules as the communities are flexible for different query vertices. In this paper, we propose an Interactive Community Search method based on Graph Neural Network (shortened by ICS-GNN) to locate the target community over a subgraph collected on the fly from an online network. Specifically, we recast the community membership problem as a vertex classification problem using GNN, which captures similarities between the graph vertices and the query vertex by combining content and structural features seamlessly and flexibly under the guide of users' labeling. We then introduce a k -sized Maximum-GNN-scores (shortened by kMG ) community to describe the target community. We next discover the target community iteratively and interactively. In each iteration, we build a candidate subgraph using the crawled pages with the guide of the query vertex and labeled vertices, infer the vertex scores with a GNN model trained on the subgraph, and discover the kMG community which will be evaluated by end users to acquire more feedback. Besides, two optimization strategies are proposed to combine ranking loss into the GNN model and search more space in the target community location. We conduct the experiments in both offline and online real-life data sets, and demonstrate that ICS-GNN can produce effective communities with low overhead in communication, computation, and user labeling.
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Schumacher, Hermann, Mehmet Kaynak, Vaclav Valenta, and Bernd Tillack. "Smarter ICs." IEEE Microwave Magazine 13, no. 7 (November 2012): S33—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2012.2216720.
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Geer Jr., Daniel E., and Mukul Pareek. "ICS Update." IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine 10, no. 3 (May 2012): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2012.69.
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Zinkin, Maurice. "ICS Revisited." Asian Affairs 25, no. 3 (November 1994): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714041255.
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Dummy, C. "ICS-205930." Drugs of the Future 11, no. 2 (1986): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.1986.011.02.52625.
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Henkle, Emily, Charles L. Daley, Jeffrey R. Curtis, Benjamin Chan, Timothy R. Aksamit, and Kevin L. Winthrop. "Comparative safety of inhaled corticosteroids and macrolides in Medicare enrolees with bronchiectasis." ERJ Open Research 8, no. 1 (January 2022): 00786–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00786-2020.
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IntroductionBronchiectasis is an increasingly common chronic inflammatory airway disease. We evaluated secondary safety outcomes in a comparative effectiveness study of chronic inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and macrolide monotherapy in bronchiectasis patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using US Medicare Parts A, B and D (but not C) 2006–2014 datasets. Among those with a pulmonologist-associated bronchiectasis claim (ICD-9-CM 494.0 or 494.1), without cystic fibrosis, we identified the first new use of either chronic (>28 days) ICS or macrolide monotherapy. For each drug exposure, we calculated crude incidence rates of the secondary safety outcomes: arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, sensorineural hearing loss, hip fracture and opportunistic infections. We calculated a propensity score (PS) for ICS use using demographic, clinical and utilisation characteristics and compared risks of macrolides versus ICS for each outcome using PS decile-adjusted Cox regression models.ResultsOf 285 043 Medicare patients with bronchiectasis, we identified 6500 (2%) macrolide and 83 589 (29%) ICS new users. Key covariates were balanced across exposure groups within decile. Myocardial infarction, hip fracture and opportunistic infection were not significantly associated with treatment. Macrolides were associated with a decreased risk of arrhythmia (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.94) and an increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.56–1.22) compared to ICS.ConclusionsMacrolides were not associated with an elevated risk of acute cardiac events compared to ICS. The increased risk of hearing loss in macrolide users compared to ICS users in older bronchiectasis patients should be balanced against known benefits of macrolides.
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Oda, Toshiyuki, Tatsuki Abe, Haruaki Yanagisawa, and Masahide Kikkawa. "Structure and function of outer dynein arm intermediate and light chain complex." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 7 (April 2016): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0723.
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The outer dynein arm (ODA) is a molecular complex that drives the beating motion of cilia/flagella. Chlamydomonas ODA is composed of three heavy chains (HCs), two ICs, and 11 light chains (LCs). Although the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the whole ODA complex has been investigated, the 3D configurations of the ICs and LCs are largely unknown. Here we identified the 3D positions of the two ICs and three LCs using cryo–electron tomography and structural labeling. We found that these ICs and LCs were all localized at the root of the outer-inner dynein (OID) linker, designated the ODA-Beak complex. Of interest, the coiled-coil domain of IC2 extended from the ODA-Beak to the outer surface of ODA. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of how the OID linker transmits signals to the ODA-Beak, by manipulating the interaction within the OID linker using a chemically induced dimerization system. We showed that the cross-linking of the OID linker strongly suppresses flagellar motility in vivo. These results suggest that the ICs and LCs of the ODA form the ODA-Beak, which may be involved in mechanosignaling from the OID linker to the HCs.
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Shao, Yuehjen E., Chi-Jie Lu, and Yu-Chiun Wang. "A Hybrid ICA-SVM Approach for Determining the Quality Variables at Fault in a Multivariate Process." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/284910.
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The monitoring of a multivariate process with the use of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) charts has received considerable attention. However, in practice, the use of MSPC chart typically encounters a difficulty. This difficult involves which quality variable or which set of the quality variables is responsible for the generation of the signal. This study proposes a hybrid scheme which is composed of independent component analysis (ICA) and support vector machine (SVM) to determine the fault quality variables when a step-change disturbance existed in a multivariate process. The proposed hybrid ICA-SVM scheme initially applies ICA to the Hotelling T2MSPC chart to generate independent components (ICs). The hidden information of the fault quality variables can be identified in these ICs. The ICs are then served as the input variables of the classifier SVM for performing the classification process. The performance of various process designs is investigated and compared with the typical classification method. Using the proposed approach, the fault quality variables for a multivariate process can be accurately and reliably determined.
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Back, Andrew D., and Andreas S. Weigend. "A First Application of Independent Component Analysis to Extracting Structure from Stock Returns." International Journal of Neural Systems 08, no. 04 (August 1997): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065797000458.
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This paper explores the appliation of a signal processing technique known as independent component analysis (ICA) or blind source separation to multivariate financial time series such as a portfolio of stocks. The key idea of ICA is to linearly map the observed multivariate time series into a new space of statistically independent components (ICs). We apply ICA to three years of daily returns of the 28 largest Japanese stocks and compare the results with those obtained using principal component analysis. The results indicate that the estimated ICs fall into two categories, (i) infrequent large shocks (responsible for the major changes in the stock prices), and (ii) frequent smaller fluctuations (contributing little to the overall level of the stocks). We show that the overall stock price can be reconstructed surprisingly well by using a small number of thresholded weighted ICs. In contrast, when using shocks derived from principal components instead of independent components, the reconstructed price is less similar to the original one. ICA is shown to be a potentially powerful method of analyzing and understanding driving mechanisms in financial time series. The application to portfolio optimization is described in Chin and Weigend (1998).
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Bashar, Hussein Ali Bashar, Alec Saunders, Bashir Alaour, Dimitrios Gerontitis, Jonathan Hinton, Danai Karamanou, Georgios Kechagioglou, et al. "Systematic coronary physiology improves level of agreement in diagnostic coronary angiography." Open Heart 10, no. 1 (May 2023): e002258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2023-002258.
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ObjectiveThe training of interventional cardiologists (ICs), non-interventional cardiologists (NICs) and cardiac surgeons (CSs) differs, and this may be reflected in their interpretation of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and management plan. Availability of systematic coronary physiology might result in more homogeneous interpretation and management strategy compared with ICA alone.Methods150 coronary angiograms from patients with stable chest pain were presented independently to three NICs, three ICs and three CSs. By consensus, each group graded (1) coronary disease severity and (2) management plan, using options: (a) optimal medical therapy alone, (b) percutaneous coronary intervention, (c) coronary artery bypass graft or (d) more investigation required. Each group was then provided with fractional flow reserve (FFR) from all major vessels and asked to repeat the analysis.ResultsThere was only ‘fair’ level of agreement of management plan among ICs, NICs and CSs (kappa 0.351, 95% CI 0.295–0.408, p<0.001) based on ICA alone (complete agreement in 35% of cases), which almost doubled to ‘good’ level (kappa 0.635, 95% CI 0.572–0.697, p<0.001) when comprehensive FFR was available (complete agreement in 66% of cases). Overall, the consensus management plan changed in 36.7%, 52% and 37.3% of cases for ICs, NICs and CSs, respectively, when FFR data were available.ConclusionsCompared with ICA alone, the availability of systematic FFR of all major coronary arteries produced a significantly more concordant interpretation and more homogeneous management plan among IC, NIC and CS specialists. Comprehensive physiological assessment may be of value in routine care for Heart Team decision-making.Trial registration numberNCT01070771.
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Shelenkov, Andrey, Vasiliy Akimkin, and Yulia Mikhaylova. "International Clones of High Risk of Acinetobacter Baumannii—Definitions, History, Properties and Perspectives." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2023): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082115.
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Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus with exceptional survival skills in an unfavorable environment and the ability to rapidly acquire antibiotic resistance, making it one of the most successful hospital pathogens worldwide, representing a serious threat to public health. The global dissemination of A. baumannii is driven by several lineages named ‘international clones of high risk’ (ICs), two of which were first revealed in the 1970s. Epidemiological surveillance is a crucial tool for controlling the spread of this pathogen, which currently increasingly involves whole genome sequencing. However, the assignment of a particular A. baumannii isolate to some IC based on its genomic sequence is not always straightforward and requires some computational skills from researchers, while the definitions found in the literature are sometimes controversial. In this review, we will focus on A. baumannii typing tools suitable for IC determination, provide data to easily determine IC assignment based on MLST sequence type (ST) and intrinsic blaOXA-51-like gene variants, discuss the history and current spread data of nine known ICs, IC1-IC9, and investigate the representation of ICs in public databases. MLST and cgMLST profiles, as well as OXA-51-like presence data are provided for all isolates available in GenBank. The possible emergence of a novel A. baumannii international clone, IC10, will be discussed.
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Heverin, Thomas. "Reconnaissance Techniques and Industrial Control System Tactics Knowledge Graph." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 22, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.22.1.1221.
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In the initial stages of industrial control system (ICS) penetration testing, pentesters conduct reconnaissance by using various tools including Nmap, Shodan, Maltego, Google, Google Hacking Database (GHDB), Recon-ng and more. Testers use various reconnaissance techniques (RTs) within the tools to directly access ICS devices. Many novice ICS-pentesters stop their reconnaissance work upon successfully accessing an ICS device. However, continuing to conduct reconnaissance after initial access can lead to pentesters finding even more information to find more ICS devices, ICS networks, and ways to make ICS exploitation more effective. Our research motivation stems from finding ways to explicitly model the continuation of using RTs once an ICS device is accessed. Knowledge graphs offer an approach for linking RTs together and creating chains of RTs.
MITRE ATT&CK ICS provides a matrix of ICS adversarial behaviours. The matrix consists of main exploit tactics and techniques used to accomplish these tactics. Example techniques include ICS alarm suppression, blocking command messages, starting a device, and stopping services. ATT&CK ICS also provides ICS data sources that defenders use to detect the adversarial techniques. Application logs, files, logon sessions, network traffic, and operational databases represent some of the ICS data sources. We reasoned that if adversaries could find the ICS data sources and discover the ability to modify the data sources, then adversaries could cover their tracks to successfully carry out ICS tactics. For example, ICS attackers could modify log entries to hide the attacker’s steps or ICS attackers could delete alarm notifications that showed that ICS attackers changed ICS settings.
In this work in progress research, we used knowledge-graph modelling techniques to link together RTs with ICS data sources, the ability to modify the data sources, the ability to then cover tracks of ICS techniques, and the impact of techniques on accomplishing ICS tactics. We named the graph RT-ICS Graph. With knowledge graph queries and shortest-path algorithms run over the RT-ICS graph, we showed how RTs can explicitly lead to impacts on adversaries carrying out ICS tactics. The accomplishment of ICS tactics can cause severe damage or harm.
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Ventouras, Erricos M., Periklis Y. Ktonas, Hara Tsekou, Thomas Paparrigopoulos, Ioannis Kalatzis, and Constantin R. Soldatos. "Independent Component Analysis for Source Localization of EEG Sleep Spindle Components." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/329436.
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Sleep spindles are bursts of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) quasirhythmic activity within the frequency band of 11–16 Hz, characterized by progressively increasing, then gradually decreasing amplitude. The purpose of the present study was to process sleep spindles with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in order to investigate the possibility of extracting, through visual analysis of the spindle EEG and visual selection of Independent Components (ICs), spindle “components” (SCs) corresponding to separate EEG activity patterns during a spindle, and to investigate the intracranial current sources underlying these SCs. Current source analysis using Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) was applied to the original and the ICA-reconstructed EEGs. Results indicated that SCs can be extracted by reconstructing the EEG through back-projection of separate groups of ICs, based on a temporal and spectral analysis of ICs. The intracranial current sources related to the SCs were found to be spatially stable during the time evolution of the sleep spindles.
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Li, Ming, Husi Letu, Yiran Peng, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Yanluan Lin, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Anthony J. Baran, Zengyuan Guo, Yonghui Lei, and Jiancheng Shi. "Investigation of ice cloud modeling capabilities for the irregularly shaped Voronoi ice scattering models in climate simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 7 (April 12, 2022): 4809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4809-2022.
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Abstract. Both weather–climate models and ice cloud remote sensing applications need to obtain effective ice crystal scattering (ICS) properties and the parameterization scheme. An irregularly shaped Voronoi ICS model has been suggested to be effective in remote sensing applications for several satellite programs, e.g., Himawari-8, GCOM-C (Global Change Observation Mission–Climate) and EarthCARE (Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer). As continuation work of Letu et al. (2016), an ice cloud optical property parameterization scheme (Voronoi scheme) of the Voronoi ICS model is employed in the Community Integrated Earth System Model (CIESM) to simulate the optical and radiative properties of ice clouds. We utilized the single-scattering properties (extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor) of the Voronoi model from the ultraviolet to the infrared, combined with 14 408 particle size distributions obtained from aircraft measurements to complete the Voronoi scheme. The Voronoi scheme and existing schemes (Fu, Mitchell, Yi and Baum-yang05) are applied to the CIESM to simulate 10-year global cloud radiative effects during 2001–2010. Simulated globally averaged cloud radiative forcings at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) for Voronoi and the other four existing schemes are compared to the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) product. The results show that the differences in shortwave and longwave globally averaged cloud radiative forcing at the TOA between the Voronoi scheme simulations and EBAF products are 1.1 % and 1.4 %, which are lower than those of the other four schemes. Particularly for regions (from 30∘ S to 30∘ N) where ice clouds occur frequently, the Voronoi scheme provides the closest match with EBAF products compared with the other four existing schemes. The results in this study fully demonstrated the effectiveness of the Voronoi ICS model in the simulation of the radiative properties of ice clouds in the climate model.
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Wang, Peipei, Yueyun Chen, Qingqin Long, Qing Li, Jiangfang Tian, Ting Liu, Yong Wu, and Zhenyu Ding. "Increased coexpression of PD-L1 and TIM3/TIGIT is associated with poor overall survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 10 (October 2021): e002836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-002836.
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BackgroundImmune checkpoint (IC) blockades (ICBs) significantly improve patients’ clinical outcomes with solid tumors. Because the objective response rate of single-agent ICB is limited, it is meaningful to explore the combination of ICs for immunotherapy.MethodsRNA sequencing data of 95 newly diagnosed patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to explore the prognostic significance of ICs. The results were validated by immunohistochemistry of 58 ESCC tissue samples from our clinical center.ResultsThe results of both TCGA and validation data suggested that high expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM3), and T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) was associated with poor overall survival (OS) of patients with ESCC. Importantly, PD-L1/TIM3 or PD-L1/TIGIT was the optimal combination for predicting poor OS and short restricted mean survival time of patients with ESCC and was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, a nomogram model constructed by PD-L1, TIM3, and TIGIT together with the primary tumor, regional lymph node, distant metastasis stage could provide a concise and precise prediction of 1-year and 2-year OS rates and median survival time. PD-L1/TIM3 or PD-L1/TIGIT had a positive correlation with CD8+ T cells. Notably, PD-1 and TIM3/TIGIT were primarily coexpressed on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte in patients with ESCC by multiplexed immunofluorescence.ConclusionHigh expression of ICs was associated with poor OS of patients with ESCC. PD-L1/TIM3 and PD-L1/TIGIT were the optimal combinations for predicting OS, which might be potential targets for future ICBs therapy of ESCC.
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Wissel, Jörg, Djamel Bensmail, Joaquim J. Ferreira, Franco Molteni, Lalith Satkunam, Susana Moraleda, Tiina Rekand, et al. "Safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA doses up to 800 U in limb spasticity." Neurology 88, no. 14 (March 10, 2017): 1321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003789.
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Objective:To evaluate safety (primary objective) and efficacy of increasing doses (400 U up to 800 U) of incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH) for patients with limb spasticity.Methods:In this prospective, single-arm, dose-titration study (NCT01603459), patients (18–80 years) with spasticity due to cerebral causes, who were clinically deemed to require total doses of 800 U incobotulinumtoxinA, received 3 consecutive injection cycles (ICs) with 400 U, 600 U, and 600–800 U incobotulinumtoxinA, respectively, each followed by 12–16 weeks' observation. Outcomes included adverse events (AEs), antibody testing, Resistance to Passive Movement Scale (REPAS; based on the Ashworth Scale), and Goal Attainment Scale.Results:In total, 155 patients were enrolled. IncobotulinumtoxinA dose escalation did not lead to an increased incidence of treatment-related AEs (IC1: 4.5%; IC2: 5.3%; IC3: 2.9%). No treatment-related serious AEs occurred. The most frequent AEs overall were falls (7.7%), nasopharyngitis, arthralgia, and diarrhea (6.5% each). Five patients (3.2%) discontinued due to AEs. No patient developed secondary nonresponse due to neutralizing antibodies. Mean (SD) REPAS score improvements from each injection to 4 weeks postinjection increased throughout the study (IC1: −4.6 [3.9]; IC2: −5.9 [4.2]; IC3: −7.1 [4.8]; p < 0.0001 for all). The proportion of patients achieving ≥3 (of 4) treatment goals also increased (IC1: 25.2%; IC2: 50.7%; IC3: 68.6%).Conclusion:Escalating incobotulinumtoxinA doses (400 U up to 800 U) did not compromise safety or tolerability, enabled treatment in a greater number of muscles/spasticity patterns, and was associated with increased treatment efficacy, improved muscle tone, and goal attainment.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01603459.Classification of evidence:This study provides Class IV evidence that, for patients with limb spasticity, escalating incobotulinumtoxinA doses (400 U up to 800 U) increases treatment efficacy without compromising safety or tolerability.
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Shen, Dili, Wuyi Ming, Xinggui Ren, Zhuobin Xie, Yong Zhang, and Xuewen Liu. "A Cuckoo Search Algorithm Using Improved Beta Distributing and Its Application in the Process of EDM." Crystals 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080916.
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Lévy flights random walk is one of key parts in the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm to update individuals. The standard CS algorithm adopts the constant scale factor for this random walk. This paper proposed an improved beta distribution cuckoo search (IBCS) for this factor in the CS algorithm. In terms of local characteristics, the proposed algorithm makes the scale factor of the step size in Lévy flights showing beta distribution in the evolutionary process. In terms of the overall situation, the scale factor shows the exponential decay trend in the process. The proposed algorithm makes full use of the advantages of the two improvement strategies. The test results show that the proposed strategy is better than the standard CS algorithm or others improved by a single improvement strategy, such as improved CS (ICS) and beta distribution CS (BCS). For the six benchmark test functions of 30 dimensions, the average rankings of the CS, ICS, BCS, and IBCS algorithms are 3.67, 2.67, 1.5, and 1.17, respectively. For the six benchmark test functions of 50 dimensions, moreover, the average rankings of the CS, ICS, BCS, and IBCS algorithms are 2.83, 2.5, 1.67, and 1.0, respectively. Confirmed by our case study, the performance of the ABCS algorithm was better than that of standard CS, ICS or BCS algorithms in the process of EDM. For example, under the single-objective optimization convergence of MRR, the iteration number (13 iterations) of the CS algorithm for the input process parameters, such as discharge current, pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and servo voltage, was twice that (6 iterations) of the IBCS algorithm. Similar, the iteration number (17 iterations) of BCS algorithm for these parameters was twice that (8 iterations) of the IBCS algorithm under the single-objective optimization convergence of Ra. Therefore, it strengthens the CS algorithm’s accuracy and convergence speed.
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Price, David B., Gene Colice, Elliot Israel, Nicolas Roche, Dirkje S. Postma, Theresa W. Guilbert, Willem M. C. van Aalderen, et al. "Add-on LABA in a separate inhaler as asthma step-up therapy versus increased dose of ICS or ICS/LABA combination inhaler." ERJ Open Research 2, no. 2 (April 2016): 00106–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00106-2015.
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Asthma management guidelines recommend adding a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) or increasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) as step-up therapy for patients with uncontrolled asthma on ICS monotherapy. However, it is uncertain which option works best, which ICS particle size is most effective, and whether LABA should be administered by separate or combination inhalers.This historical, matched cohort study compared asthma-related outcomes for patients (aged 12–80 years) prescribed step-up therapy as a ≥50% extrafine ICS dose increase or add-on LABA, via either a separate inhaler or a fine-particle ICS/LABA fixed-dose combination (FDC) inhaler. Risk-domain asthma control was the primary end-point in comparisons of cohorts matched for asthma severity and control during the baseline year.After 1:2 cohort matching, the increased extrafine ICS versus separate ICS+LABA cohorts included 3232 and 6464 patients, respectively, and the fine-particle ICS/LABA FDC versus separate ICS+LABA cohorts included 7529 and 15 058 patients, respectively (overall mean age 42 years; 61–62% females). Over one outcome year, adjusted OR (95% CI) for achieving asthma control were 1.25 (1.13–1.38) for increased ICS versus separate ICS+LABA and 1.06 (1.05–1.09) for ICS/LABA FDC versus separate ICS+LABA.For patients with asthma, increased dose of extrafine-particle ICS, or add-on LABA via ICS/LABA combination inhaler, is associated with significantly better outcomes than ICS+LABA via separate inhalers.
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Gao, Chang, Lin Ma, and Haifeng Li. "An ICA/HHT Hybrid Approach for Automatic Ocular Artifact Correction." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 29, no. 02 (February 27, 2015): 1558001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800141558001x.
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In the field of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing, the ocular artifact (OA), especially the blink is the most commonly observed, gives the largest disturbance, and can hardly be automatically corrected due to its sudden appearance and wide frequency band influence. In this paper, we focus on a 2-stage independent component analysis/Hilbert Huang transformation (ICA/HHT) hybrid OA correction method which realizes an automatic OA correction as well as a better information conservation to the OA distorted EEG data. In the 1st stage, the ICA is introduced to convert the raw EEG signals into a set of independent signal sources, i.e. a number of independent components (ICs). In the 2nd stage, the HHT is then applied to analyze the ICs in order to emphasize the differences between the OA related ICs and the normal EEG related ICs. On the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of each IC extracted by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the Hilbert spectrums can clearly indicate where an OA exists and make an automatic OA correction possible. EEG signal samples randomly picked from a variety of neuropsychology tasks were used to evaluate the proposed automatic OA correction method, and the outcomes approved an excellent OA correction performance as well as a better information conservation ability comparing to the well applied methods nowadays.
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Rønn, Christian, Peter Kamstrup, Christian Kjer Heerfordt, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Josefin Eklöf, Jonas Bredtoft Boel, Christian Ostergaard, et al. "Inhaled corticosteroids andStenotrophomonas maltophiliain outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 11, no. 1 (March 2024): e001929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001929.
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ObjectivesInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, ICS are associated with an increased risk of adverse effects.We aimed to determine whether an association between a lower respiratory tract culture withStenotrophomonas maltophiliaand increasing ICS dosing in patients with COPD exists.DesignAn observational cohort study of outpatients with COPD in Denmark between 2010 and 2018.ICS exposure was categorised into four groups based on average daily consumption 1 year prior to inclusion: no use, low ICS dose (≤400 µg), moderate ICS dose (400–800 µg) and high ICS dose (>800 µg). Dose–response relationship was investigated by a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOf the total 22 689 patients, 459 had lower respiratory tract cultures positive forS. maltophilia. The HR ofS. maltophiliaincreased with increasing daily ICS dose: low ICS dose HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.0), moderate ICS dose HR 3.0 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.6) and high ICS dose HR 5.7 (95% CI 3.8 to 8.5).ConclusionsWe found that ICS was associated with a high, dose-dependent increased hazard ofS. maltophiliain outpatients with COPD. High dose users had a nearly six times increased hazard compared with non-users of ICS. When appropriate, attempts at de-escalating ICS treatment should be made.
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Jing, Shuang Xi, Song Tao Guo, Jun Fa Leng, and Xing Yu Zhao. "Application of Fault Diagnosis Method Based on cICA to Gearbox." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.148.
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Constrained independent component analysis (cICA) is a new theory and new method derived from the independent component analysis (ICA).It can extract the desired independent components (ICs) from the data based on some prior information, thus overcoming the uncertainty of the traditional ICA. Early gearbox fault signals is often very weak ,characterized by non-Gaussian,low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which make the existing diagnosis methods in the diagnosis of early application restricted. In this paper,cICA algorithm is applied to gear fault diagnosis. Through the case studies verify the feasibility of this method to extract the desired independent components (ICs), indicating the applicability and effectiveness of the method.