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Koestner, Peter E., Karen A. Koestner, and Daniel G. Neary. "Monitoring the Effects of Air-Quality on Forests: An Overview of the Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest ICP-Level II Site." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301341.
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From the Proceedings of the 2012 Meetings of the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 14,2012, Glendale Community College, Glendale, ArizonaThe Sierra Ancha International Cooperative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests study site or (SAEF-ICP II) is part of an international network of cooperative forest monitoring sites spread throughout Europe and the United States. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe established the ICP II network in 1985 to monitor long-term effects of transboundary air pollution. The Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest was chosen to be a part the U.S.’s network because it is the southernmost Experimental Forest in the contiguous U.S., and because it is downwind from a major metropolitan area, Phoenix, Arizona. The site monitoring includes forest overstory growth, crown condition, foliar chemistry, understory vegetation, litterfall, soil chemistry meteorology, ozone, and deposition. This paper provides an overview of the ICP forest network, and discusses the research currently underway at the Sierra Ancha ICP II site. An overview of the challenges encountered while implementing ICP Level II monitoring will also be included.
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Frankenberg, Sarah J. "Fire, Forest, Ice, and Fungi: Exploring The Mesh Of Relationships Driving Seedling Regeneration In The Siberian Arctic." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1596147602477988.
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Amorim, Zanata Brandão. "Aplicação de ICP-MS e ICP OES no estudo do perfil inorgânico de amostras de cocaína de rua." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4731.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-27O uso abusivo de drogas tornou-se um problema global que tem graves consequências, tanto para os usuários de drogas quanto para a sociedade. A determinação dos constituintes inorgânicos de drogas ilícitas pode ser usada para indicar a sua qualidade (pureza e concentração de outros componentes das drogas). Além disso, variações na composição e pureza da droga pode ser usada para formular hipóteses sobre a estrutura do mercado ilegal de drogas, principalmente em relação a sua distribuição. Foram analisados cinquenta e duas amostras de cocaína de rua que foram apreendidas em diferentes regiões do Estado do Espírito Santo Brasil. O pré-tratamento das amostras consistiu em digerir 0,1 g da amostra com 6 mL de HNO3 5% v/v em um forno de micro-ondas com sistema fechado e posterior diluição da amostra para 15 mL. Espectrometria de emissão ótica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) ou Espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS) foram então usadas para determinar as concentrações de Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Mo, Co, Pb e P nestas amostras. O procedimento foi verificado através de testes de recuperação em duas concentrações (50 e 100 μg L-1). Os dados resultantes foram depois analisados estatisticamente. Usando a Análise Hierárquica de Cluster (HCA) foi possível obter uma diferenciação entre as regiões de apreensão. Correlações de Pearson permitiram correlacionar as concentrações dos elementos com os compostos químicos que são utilizados na produção e adulteração da cocaína. Boxplot confirmou a distinção entre as regiões de apreensão.
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Goodnow, Robert W. Jr. "The Effects of Ice Damage on Management Decisions for Loblolly Pine Plantations located in the Piedmont Region of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31497.
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The effect of ice damage on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in the Piedmont region of Virginia was examined to discover if management decisions can minimize net present value losses. A simulation approach was used for the analysis. Loblolly pine plantations were simulated using the growth and yield model, Trulob. Ice damage was factored into the model using prediction equations from a previous study. A decision tree framework was used to determine which management plans resulted in the highest net present value.
The results show that ice storms can cause significant losses to the net present value of loblolly plantations. In most instances changing management plans could not minimize losses. In situations where altering management plans can result in higher net present values if ice occurs, landowners should also be aware of the suboptimal net present value they will be returned if these plans are followed and no ice storms occur.Master of Science
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MOTTA, L. C. "DETECÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE DISPARO DE ARMA DE FOGO EM LARVAS CADAVÉRICAS POR ICP OES." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7349.
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-28Considerando o grande aumento das mortes violentas, principalmente no Brasil, e a crescente utilização de armas de fogo para cometer tais crimes, a balística forense associada a entomologia forense se tornam grandes aliadas nas investigações criminais. As concentrações de chumbo (Pb), bário (Ba) e antimônio (Sb), caracerísticos de resíduos de disparo de arma de fogo (GSR GunShot Residue), foram monitoradas em larvas de moscas (imaturos de Chrysomya albiceps). As coletas sucederam em um cadáver de porco, do sexo feminino, morto com três disparos realizados com pistola Taurus®, calibre .40 a curta distância (entre 25 e 40 cm), sendo dois disparos na região cefálica e um na região abdominal, em um período de 2 a 12 dias após a morte, durante o inverno, sob a influência da chuva e alta umidade relativa do ar. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade da técnica de espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) para a quantificação de Pb, Ba e Sb proveniente de GSR em larvas cadavéricas num ambiente não controlado, simulando um caso real de homicidio. Foi possível detectar e quantificar os três elementos traço de interesse pela técnica proposta, onde as concentrações mantiveram-se praticamente constante durante o estágio de putrefação. Concentrações mínimas (Pb = 382,26 μg·L-1; Ba = 140,50 μg·L-1; Sb = 39,18 μg·L-1) e as concentrações máximas (Pb = 522,66 μg·L-1; Ba = 190,30 μg·L-1; Sb = 56,14 μg·L-1) foram encontradas durante o terceiro e quinto dia post mortem, respectivamente. As amostras também foram analisadas pelo teste colorimétrico usando rodizonato de sódio (reação Feigl-Suter) apresentando resultado negativo para todas as soluções obtidas a partir dos imaturos de Chrysomya albiceps. Uma hipótese para a constância nas concentrações dos três elementos, é que de acordo com a literatura, as larvas da espécie Chrysomya albiceps podem exercer papel como predadora intraguilda de larvas de outras espécies de Dípteras, além de realizar canibalismo. Sendo assim, a técnica de ICP OES apresenta maior sensibilidade na quantificação frente ao convencional teste colorimétrico, mostrando ser uma técnica aplicável a esse tipo de matriz. É importante notar que o desenvolvimento tal pesquisa é de grande importância forense e é uma técnica que apresenta potencial para aplicação futura em casos de morte violenta, em que a vítima se encontra em decomposição inicial, moderada e avançada. Nesse aspecto, o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de metodologias eficientes são de grande relevância para a elucidação de crimes.
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Hooper, Michael Craig. "Impacts of a catastrophic ice storm on an old-growth, hardwood forest." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55067.pdf.
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Wang, Zhiguo. "Ice forces on a multifaceted conical structure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25779.pdf.
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Loh, Jonathan James. "Plantar forces during forward ice hockey skating : comparison between ice and treadmill conditions." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79037.
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This study compared the plantar force distribution between forward ice hockey skating and treadmill skating. Four varsity hockey players from McGill University (age = 22.1 +/- 1.2 years, height = 1.8 +/- 0.1 m, mass = 82.2 +/- 8.6 kg) skated on ice surface and on a specialized treadmill at three velocities (22, 24 and 26 +/- 0.5 km/hr). Results showed higher plantar forces were seen during treadmill skating prior to push off and this discrepancy was due to consistently larger forces in the fore region of the foot. This phenomenon was speculated to be the result of differences in skate stability during ice and treadmill skating. With respect to the loading dynamics, the heel region was the same during ice and treadmill skating.
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Lau, Michael. "Ice forces on a faceted cone due to the passage of a level ice field." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/NQ54848.pdf.
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Dahlström, Axel, and Johan Eriksson. "Mitigating Barriers for Knowledge Sharing in the Swedish Forest Industry." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64167.
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Knowledge is one of the most central driving forces in today’s economy. Thus, organizations need to recognize knowledge as a valuable resource and develop tools for tapping into the collective intelligence and create a greater organizational knowledge base. However, to stay competitive on today’s global marketplace actors must collaborate and share knowledge across organizational boundaries. Companies must therefore consider barriers to knowledge sharing. While the importance of knowledge sharing across organizational boundaries has been highlighted, researchers emphasize that an interesting factor to examine in further research is the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to mitigate barriers for knowledge sharing. The purpose with this study is to explore in what way ICT may be used to mitigate barriers for knowledge sharing between individual forest landowners and forest companies within the Swedish forest industry. The study is divided into two research questions: (1) What critical barriers for knowledge sharing exist between individual forest landowners and forest companies within the Swedish forest industry? and (2) In what way may ICT be used to mitigate barriers for knowledge sharing between individual forest landowners and forest companies. To answer the research questions, a multiple case study consisting of 23 interviews was conducted with forest consultants, forest landowners and forest companies. In addition to prior literature regarding individual, organizational and technology barriers, our study emphasize that firms also must consider inter-organizational barriers to knowledge sharing. By mapping the most critical barriers according to individual forest landowners and forest companies, our study assess in what way ICT may be used to mitigate these barriers. In addition, the study contributes with an emerging framework for managers to visualize and prioritize barriers to mitigate, which is useful when planning and evaluating knowledge management activities.
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Proulx, Olga J. "Species, stand, and regional response to forest damage in southwestern Quebec following the 1998 ice storm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ43625.pdf.
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Sand, Bjørnar. "Nonlinear finite element simulations of ice forces on offshore structures /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2008. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2008/39/.
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VANINI, G. "Análise de Resíduos de Disparos de Armas de Fogo usando ICP OES: desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia analítica." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4699.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-07A violência envolvendo armas de fogo representa um grande problema no Estado do Espírito Santo e o desenvolvimento de novos métodos e técnicas que possam auxiliar a polícia na elucidação de homicídios é de fundamental importância para a redução da criminalidade. A espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) ganha destaque por ser uma técnica de alta sensibilidade, versátil e mais barata quando comparada com técnicas atualmente utilizadas pela polícia. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia rápida, sensível e confiável para coleta e quantificação de resíduos de disparos de armas de fogo (GSR) utilizando a técnica de ICP OES para medir as concentrações de Chumbo (Pb), Bário (Ba) e Antimônio (Sb) liberados em revólver calibre .38 e pistolas calibres .380 e .40. O trabalho dividiu-se em três capítulos. O capítulo 1 abordou a etapa de otimização da técnica de ICP OES para GSR, no qual foram avaliados os parâmetros operacionais de potência, fluxo do gás de nebulização e taxa de aspiração, utilizando planejamento multivariado. No capítulo 2foi realizado um estudo para revólver Taurus.38, no qual investigou-se a melhor região de coleta da mão em homens e mulheres, a viabilidade de diferentes coletores para GSR, a comparação do teste colorimétrico e da técnica de ICP OES para distâncias variadas e a influência da lavagem da mão antes e após os disparos. Os resultados mostraram que as regiões das pinças dorsal e palmar são os melhores locais de coleta e que o swab puro apresentou melhores resultados em termos de custo/benefício e que é possível obter concentrações dos metais de interesse mesmo com a lavagem da mão do atirador. No capítulo 3 foi feito um estudo comparativo entre revólver .38 e pistolas .380 e .40. Foram quantificados Pb, Ba e Sb na mão direita e esquerda dos atiradores para as três armas e realizada uma predição do número de disparos através da construção de uma curva de calibração. Foi observado a quantidade de GSR encontrado nas armas segue a ordem revólver .38 > pistola .380 > pistola .40. Os resultados gerais mostraram importantes informações em análises de GSR, representando um avanço nas investigações forenses.
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Marin, Rafael Coelho. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias utilizadas nas áreas de salvaguardas e forense nuclear baseadas na técnica LA-HR-ICP-MS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-18022014-134520/.
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A amostragem ambiental por esfregaço ou swipe samples é uma metodologia que vem sendo empregada rotineiramente pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA) para verificar se os Estados signatários do Acordo de Salvaguardas estão realizando atividades nucleares não declaradas. A análise dessas amostras ambientais é complementar aos procedimentos de salvaguardas convencionais para a verificação das informações cedidas pelos Estados. Neste trabalho, foi descrita uma metodologia que visa a fortalecer os processos de salvaguarda nuclear e da ciência forense nuclear no país. A proposta é estudar e avaliar a técnica de ablação à laser acoplada a um espectrômetro de massa de alta resolução com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (LA-HR-ICP-MS Laser Ablation High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), como técnica alternativa para a análise das amostras de esfregaço. Adicionalmente, foram empregadas outras técnicas complementares (atividade radioativa, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva) com o intuito de garantir maior segurança ao processo de inspeção de salvaguardas e investigações forenses nucleares. A precisão, medida através do desvio padrão relativo (DPR),dos resultados obtidos para as razões isotópicas 234U/238U, 235U/238U e 236U/238U do padrão analisado (CRM -125A) para a medida do fator de discriminação de massa foram, respectivamente, 1,3 %, 0,2 % e 7,6 %. Já as incertezas percentuais (u %), que também contemplam o DPR das medições, variaram de 3,5 % a 29,8 % para as medições da razão isotópica 235U/238U e de 16,6 % a 42,9 % para a razão isotópica 234U/238U. Esses valores mostraram-se compatíveis com outros estudos que utilizaram a mesma técnica para análise de amostras reais coletadas em uma instalação nuclear. As amostras coletadas apresentaram nível de enriquecimento que variou de (2,3 ± 0,7) % (amostra 3 corredor de acesso à instalação) a (17,3 ± 2,8) % (amostra 18 bancada de recuperação de UF4). A partir da coleta de amostras nesses diversos pontos, desde a entrada da instalação até a bancada em que se manuseia o urânio enriquecido, foi possível detectar diversos níveis de enriquecimento no isótopo 235U.Environmental sampling performed by means of swipe samples is a methodology frequently employed by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to verify if the signatory States of the Safeguards Agreements are conducing unauthorized activities. Swipe samples analysis is complementary to the Safeguards ordinary procedures used to verify the information given by the States. In this work it was described a methodology intending to strengthen the nuclear safeguards and nuclear forensics procedures. The proposal is to study and evaluate the laser ablation high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-HR-ICP-MS) technique as an alternative to analyze the real-life swipe samples. The precision achieved through the standard(CRM -125A)measurements, represented by the relative standard deviation (RSD), was respectively 1.3 %, 0.2 % e 7.6 %for the 234U/238U, 235U/238U e 236U/238Uisotopes ratios. The percent uncertainties (u %), which covers the RSD, ranged from 3.5 % to 29.8 % to the 235U/238U measurements and from 16.6 % to 42.9 % to the 234U/238U isotope ratio. These results were compatible with former studies performed by the LA-HR-ICP-MS that analyzed real-life swipe samples collected at a nuclear facility. Swipe samples collected from several points of the nuclear facility presented enrichment level ranging from (2.3 ± 0.7) % (sample 3) to (17.3 ± 2.8) % (sample18). They also allowed detecting different enrichment levels within the facility.
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MARIN, RAFAEL C. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias utilizadas nas áreas de salvaguardas e forense nuclear baseadas na técnica LA-HR-ICP-MS." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10589.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Bakken, Jennifer Lynn. "Land Cover and Use Change in Utah: A Comparison of Field- vs. Aerial Image-Based Observations." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7230.
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The Image-based Change Estimation program (ICE) was developed by the US Forest Service Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) program and the Geospatial Technology Applications Center in response to the 2014 Farm Bill calling for more timely and accurate estimates of land cover and use change. ICE monitors change throughout the US on a state by state basis by assessing each FIA plot using high resolution imagery from two dates in time. In the western US, FIA measures 10% of the plots each year to report on status, trends, and sustainability of our Nation’s forests. However, this 10 year cycle misses disturbances because a temporal gap occurs from disturbance event to measurement.
This study compares field- and image-based observations of land cover and use change to improve sampling procedures in Utah. Image-based data collected from 2011 and 2014 imagery and field-based plots measured between 2011 and 2016 are compared using three methods to compile the ICE data, termed hierarchical, majority, and point center, to determine a standardized system and better understand their relationships. Additionally, ICE change agents were compared with causes of tree mortality observed on FIA forest plots to assess how well ICE evaluates causes of change and the differences of change vs. mortality agents were explored by conducting a second review of the imagery to find trends in data discrepancies. This knowledge can help image interpreters better recognize and identify change.
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Vanini, Gabriela. "Análise de resíduos de disparos de armas de fogo (GSR) usando ICP OES : desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia analítica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1611.
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Capes, Fapes
A violência envolvendo armas de fogo representa um grande problema no Estado do Espírito Santo e o desenvolvimento de novos métodos e técnicas que possam auxiliar a polícia na elucidação de homicídios é de fundamental importância para a redução da criminalidade. A espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) ganha destaque por ser uma técnica de alta sensibilidade, versátil e mais barata quando comparada com técnicas atualmente utilizadas pela polícia. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia rápida, sensível e confiável para coleta e quantificação de resíduos de disparos de armas de fogo (GSR) utilizando a técnica de ICP OES para medir as concentrações de Chumbo (Pb), Bário (Ba) e Antimônio (Sb) liberados em revólver calibre .38 e pistolas calibres .380 e .40. O trabalho dividiu-se em três capítulos. O capítulo 1 abordou a etapa de otimização da técnica de ICP OES para GSR, no qual foram avaliados os parâmetros operacionais de potência, fluxo do gás de nebulização e taxa de aspiração, utilizando planejamento multivariado composto central. No capítulo 2 foram monitoradas as concentrações de Pb, Ba e Sb em GSR para revólver Taurus® .38, e importantes tópicos foram avaliados, tal como i) a melhor região de coleta da mão do atirador; ii) coletores de fita versus swabs e iii) análise da sensibilidade da técnica de ICP OES em função da distância do atirador quando comparado ao convencional teste colorimétrico. O Pb foi o metal encontrado em maior abundância. Em termos de sensibilidade analítica, uma alta concentração dos três elementos (Pb, Ba e Sb) foi encontrada principalmente nas regiões das pinça-palmar e pinça-dorsal da mão, mesmo com a lavagem da mão do atirador após os disparos, para três e cinco tiros. Na análise entre coletores, os swabs apresentaram melhor sensibilidade na coleta de GSR, além de uma melhor relação custo/beneficio, quando comparado com as fitas. No capítulo 3 foi feito um estudo comparativo entre revólver .38 e pistolas .380 e .40. Foram quantificados Pb, Ba e Sb na mão direita e esquerda dos atiradores para as três armas e realizada uma predição do número de disparos através da construção de modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Foi observado que as concentrações de GSR encontradas nas armas seguem a ordem revólver .38 > pistola .380 > pistola .40, e que é possível predizer o número de disparos de um atirador com boa precisão. Os resultados gerais mostraram importantes informações em análises de GSR, representando um avanço nas investigações forenses.
Violence involving firearms is a big issue in the state of Espírito Santo and the development of new methods and techniques that can help the police to elucidate homicides is extremely important to the reduction of crime. Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) stands out as a highly sensitive, versatile and cheap technique when compared to current techniques used by the police. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a fast, sensitive and reliable method for collection and quantification of gunshot residues (GSR) using ICP OES to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb) released by .38 caliber handgun and .380 and .40 caliber pistols. The work was divided into three chapters. In the first, it was discussed the optimization step of the ICP OES technique for GSR, which evaluated the operating parameters of radio frequency power, nebulizer gas flow rate and aspiration rate, using multivariate central composite design. In the second chapter, a study was conducted using Taurus® .38 handgun, which investigated the best residue collection region of the hand in men and women, the feasibility of different collectors for GSR , the comparison of the colorimetric analysis and ICP OES technique for varying distances and the influence of hand washing before and after shots. The results showed that the regions of the thumb and forefinger palm, and the back of the thumb and forefinger are the best collection areas. The pure swab showed better results in terms of cost / benefit and it is possible to obtain concentrations of the metals of interest even with hand washing of shooter. In the third chapter a comparative study between .38 handgun and .380 and .40 pistols it was done. It was quantified Pb, Ba and Sb on the right and left hands of the shooters for the three weapons and held a prediction of the number of shots through the construction of a calibration curve. It was noted the amount of GRS found on the weapons, follows the order .38 handgun>.380 pistol> .40 pistol. Overall results showed important information in GSR analysis, representing a breakthrough in forensic investigations.
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Swisher, Julie Lee. "Assessing Forest Damage and Tree Response to Ice Storm Injury in Thinned and Unthinned Hardwood Stands in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SwisherJL2001.pdf.
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Cambours, Marie-Anne. "Frost-related dieback of Swedish and Estonian Salix plantations due to pathogenic and ice nucleation-active bacteria /." Uppsala : Plant Pathology and Biocontrol Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/9600090.pdf.
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Rosa, Daniele Scarpim. "Caracterização química, física e isotópica de U3Si2 para fins forenses nucleares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-01032012-102729/.
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No início dos anos 90, os primeiros indícios do tráfico ilícito de materiais nucleares e radioativos foram observados principalmente na região européia. Uma década marcada por inúmeros casos de apreensão desse tipo de material. Como resultado, esses atos passaram a ser alvo de investigações criminais forenses, desenvolvendo-se a partir daí, a ciência forense nuclear. No Brasil não há registros oficiais do tráfico ilícito de material nuclear, entretanto, é amplamente conhecida a extração e o transporte ilegal de materiais geológicos radioativos, assim como a apreensão de fragmentos de materiais utilizados como blindagem de fontes radioativas. Uma das principais ferramentas utilizadas na ciência forense nuclear consiste no estabelecimento de bancos de dados de materiais nucleares. Esses documentos devem conter o maior número possível de informações sobre as características físicas, químicas e nucleares do material apreendido, permitindo a identificação de sua origem, processo de fabricação ou mesmo a idade (age). Assim, se estabelecem padrões de composição característicos de cada material, denominados assinaturas químicas (chemical finger print). Nesse trabalho foi adotado o protocolo forense nuclear seguindo as três etapas de avaliação sugeridas pela Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA) na identificação da origem de Siliceto de urânio (U3Si2). Realizaram-se ensaios de caracterização física, química e isotópica dos materiais em estudo e compararam-se os dados com aqueles obtidos para outros compostos de urânio (Tetrafluoreto de urânio, UF4; óxidos de urânio, UO2 e U3O8; tricarbonato de amônio e uranila, TCAU) estabelecendo-se uma assinatura característica para cada um. A partir dos resultados foi possível classificar os compostos por grupos de origem, uma vez que são provenientes de diferentes processos de fabricação e/ ou origem. Demonstrou-se também a importância da criação e manutenção de um banco de dados nuclear na investigação de um evento forense nuclear.In the early 1990´s, the first illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials was observed mainly in Europe. A decade marked by numerous cases of seizures of these materials. As a result, these events have become the subject of criminal forensic investigations and develop from there, nuclear forensics. In Brazil there are no illicit trafficking official records of nuclear material, however, is widely known the extraction and illegal transportation of radioactive geological materials, and the materials pieces attachment used as shielding for radioactive sources. One of the main tools used in nuclear forensics is the nuclear materials databases establishment. These documents must contain the most information as possible about the physical, chemical and nuclear material seized, allowing the identification of their origin, manufacturing process or age. Thus, it sets characteristic composition standards of each material, called \"chemical signatures (chemical finger print). In this work nuclear forensic protocol was adopted as well as the three stages of assessment suggested by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in identifying the origin of uranium silicide (U3Si2). Assays were performed in order to make physical, chemical and isotopic characterization of the studied materials and compared the data with those obtained for other uranium compounds (Uranium tetrafluoride, UF4; uranium oxide, UO2 and U3O8; Yellow cake) by establishing a characteristic signature for each one. Through the assays the uranium compounds were classify by origin groups, as far as they are from different manufactured process and/ or origin. It was also possible to show the importance of a nuclear forensic database during an investigation of a nuclear forensic event.
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Zhao, Qingyun. "The incorporation and initialization of cloud water/ice in an operational forecast model /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1993.
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Gierisch, Andrea M. U. [Verfasser], and K. Heinke [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlünzen. "Short-range sea ice forecast with a regional coupled sea-ice–atmosphere–ocean model / Andrea M. U. Gierisch. Betreuer: K. Heinke Schlünzen." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107531741X/34.
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Staberg, Pontus, Emil Häglund, and Jakob Claesson. "Injury Prediction in Elite Ice Hockey using Machine Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235959.
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Sport clubs are always searching for innovative ways to improve performance and obtain a competitive edge. Sports analytics today is focused primarily on evaluating metrics thought to be directly tied to performance. Injuries indirectly decrease performance and cost substantially in terms of wasted salaries. Existing sports injury research mainly focuses on correlating one specific feature at a time to the risk of injury. This paper provides a multidimensional approach to non-contact injury prediction in Swedish professional ice hockey by applying machine learning on historical data. Several features are correlated simultaneously to injury probability. The project’s aim is to create an injury predicting algorithm which ranks the different features based on how they affect the risk of injury. The paper also discusses the business potential and strategy of a start-up aiming to provide a solution for predicting injury risk through statistical analysis.Idrottsklubbar letar ständigt efter innovativa sätt att förbättra prestation och erhålla konkurrensfördelar. Idag fokuserar data- analys inom idrott främst på att utvärdera mätvärden som tros vara direkt korrelerade med prestation. Skador sänker indirekt prestationen och kostar markant i bortslösade spelarlöner. Tidigare studier på skador inom idrotten fokuserar huvudsakligen på att korrelera ett mätvärde till en skada i taget. Den här rapporten ger ett multidimensionellt angreppssätt till att förutse skador inom svensk elitishockey genom att applicera maskininlärning på historisk data. Flera attribut korreleras samtidigt för att få fram en skadesannolikhet. Målet med den här rapporten är att skapa en algoritm för att förutse skador och även ranka olika attribut baserat på hur de påverkar skaderisken. I rapporten diskuteras även affärsmöjligheterna för en sådan lösning och hur en potentiell start-up ska positionera sig på marknaden.
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Corriveau, Brit Madelaine. "The effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the structure and composition of early-successional plant communities in the Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) zone of southern British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2285.
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Wildfire is the primary natural disturbance in Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) forests, and since the mid-20th century, forest harvesting (clearcutting, in this case) has become the primary anthropogenic disturbance type. Forest management in British Columbia is currently governed by a paradigm that maintains that biological diversity can be preserved by utilizing forest harvesting regimes that closely mimic "natural" disturbance regimes, but a question remains as to how closely these regimes mimic wildfire disturbances. More specifically, how do clearcutting and wildfires compare in their effects on the structure and composition of early-successional ICH plant communities? This study compares vegetation structure, composition, relative abundance and diversity among 39 sites that experienced either a stand-replacing fire or a clearcut within the last 40 years. Sites of different ages and disturbance types were located within the wet cool ICHwkl and very-wet cool ICHvk I biogeoclimatic variants near Revelstoke, B.C. For each site, overstory structural characteristics (tree and snag diameters, basal area and density), overstory composition, and surface fuels (volume of coarse woody debris (CWD)) were assessed. Understory vegetation percent cover, species richness, composition and diversity were also determined. Linear regression analysis was used to examine differences in each of these variables between disturbance types, over time. The trends in structural legacies (especially snag and CWD dynamics) varied greatly between wildfire and clearcut sites. Compared to burned sites, clearcut sites exhibited patterns of accelerated succession in several characteristics (overstory tree regeneration, vegetation cover and understory species richness) due to planting treatments and pre-disturbance relicts. Understory species composition also varied between disturbances, with clearcut sites containing more shade-tolerant survivors initially. Both disturbance types had similar levels of floristic diversity during early succession. These results suggest that clearcut harvesting may not emulate stand-replacing fires in terms of impact on early ICH plant succession in any aspect but diversity. However, it is unclear if these early-successional differences will continue through time. There is a need for further research in this ecosystem, as well as any other ecosystems where emulation silviculture is applied, in order to confirm that silvicultural effects mimic those of natural disturbance regimes.
25
Hook, Benjamin Austin. "Compression wood formation in Pinus strobus L. following ice storm damage in southwestern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42492.
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To evaluate the compression wood response in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) following a severe ice storm in 1994, 47 trees were felled in 2007 and cross-sectional samples were collected at 0.5 (±0.2) m stem height. The disks were sanded and digitally scanned, and the cross-sectional area (mm2) of compression wood within each tree-ring was quantified using image analysis software. Topographic data (slope, aspect, and elevation) were also recorded for each P. strobus tree, along with a modified competition index. Wood anatomical features were also quantified in the three years before and after the storm along a tree diameter gradient. Although tree age was relatively constant in this stand, tree size was influenced by topographic position; larger trees grew in the valley while smaller trees were found growing in thin soils at the mid-slope position. When the cohort was about 25 years old, ice deposition caused a heterogeneous compression wood response which was highly related to tree size. In the thirteen years following the ice storm, the 6 â 9 cm (2007) diameter class formed significantly more compression wood area than any other, followed by the 10 â 13 cm (2007) diameter class. The tree diameter range that formed the most post-storm compression wood was 4 â 8 cm at the time of the storm, suggesting that this diameter range was most affected by 8.5 cm of ice loading in P. strobus. Trees > 18 cm in 1994 did not form any compression wood after the storm, but many experienced a growth release to fill canopy gaps. Topographic variables did not influence compression wood formation directly, but only one plot was sampled so these results are tenuous. However, topography did influence tree size which was the most important predictor in compression wood. There was no relationship between compression wood area and competition index. Due to compression wood formation after the ice storm, cell wall thickness and cell circularity were significantly higher in the 1994 tree-ring than in other rings examined (1991 â 1993, 1995, and 1996). Tracheid and lumen diameters were significantly smaller in compression wood cells (30.5 and 19.5 μm, respectively) than in normal wood (36.8 and 28.4 μm, respectively); opposite wood cells were intermediate in size (32.4 and 24.4 μm, respectively). Due to small tracheid size, compression wood contained significantly more cells mm-1 (33) than normal wood (27), but no significant differences in cell wall area. Therefore, cumulative cell wall area occupied 47% of the cross-section in compression wood tissue on average, compared to 31% in normal wood. Dispersing tree weight across a greater surface area may help compression wood to prop up a bent tree, but reduced lumen area may also impact hydraulic conductivity in the stem.Master of Science
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Bjoland, Vegard Sætre. "Static and dynamic response of a structure subjected to ice forces – Evaluation of a lighthouse overloading event." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11286.
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Exploitation of areas and natural resources in arctic and sub-arctic areas makes guidelines for designing structures exposed to ice-forces a necessity. Ice actions on a structure include both static and dynamic components, and methods to calculate the magnitude of the ice loads are given in several common design codes. The static load component is constant and dependent on structure geometry and ice thickness, while dynamic loading is given in the design codes as time varying forcing functions. In the winter of 1985 Björnklacken lighthouse, located north in the Bothnian Bay, was overloaded by ice forces and displaced along the seabed. A numerical model has been created using the FEA software package ABAQUS to determine the static response and the structural properties of Björnklacken. The structural properties have further been used in the analysis of a single degree of freedom (SDOF)-system to determine dynamic response. The static and dynamic ice load components given by common design codes have been applied to both the numerical model and the SDOF-system. Initial calculations revealed large differences between the predicted loads from the different codes. Dynamic analysis showed that the response caused by a harmonic forcing function was significantly higher than that which was caused by a sawtooth forcing function. Results also showed that the amplitude of the dynamic forcing function is reduced if the structure’s velocity at loading point is scaled as a ratio of the ice velocity. The reduction is more severe with lower damping, resulting in higher reductions in systems with low damping fractions. Given the close relation between velocity at waterline and dynamic response, a recommendation is that guidelines for velocity scaling should be included in all of the design codes.
27
Bogren, Fredrik. "Evidence for birch forests and a highly productive environment near the margin of the Fennoscandian ice sheet in the Värriötunturit area, northeastern Finland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170716.
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High-resolution records of early Holocene deposits are rare, and as a consequence reconstruction of terrestrial environments very soon after the deglaciation has often been difficult. In this study the palaeoenvironmental conditions of early Holocene (c. 10600-7500 cal. yr BP) are reconstructed in the Värriötunturit area of northeastern Finland, using evidence from plant macrofossils and pollen preserved in a lake sediment sequence retrieved from the small lake Kuutsjärvi. Special emphasis is put on the environment immediately following the deglaciation as the base of the sediment sequence is rich in minerogenic material interpreted to have been deposited by meltwater pulses from the retreating ice sheet. The abundance and variety of fossil remains in these early meltwater deposits provide evidence for a very productive ice-marginal environment in the area between the lake and the ice sheet, and the presence of tree-type Betula macro remains as well as high percentage values of tree-type Betula pollen suggests that a subarctic birch forest established just a few years after the deglaciation. In the following centuries the birch forest around the lake became rich in an under growth of ferns, and at c. 9400 cal. yr BP a transition into a mixed pine and birch forest took place. Due to absence of indicator plant taxa in the sediment it was not possible to reconstruct temperature conditions for any parts of the sequence in this study. However, the rapid colonisation of birch forests suggests that the climate was warm already during deglaciation, which is also in accordance with climatic conditions reconstructed for the early Holocene in the nearby Sokli area just 10 km away, as well as in other parts of Fennoscandia and Russia.
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Hagdorn, Magnus K. M. "Reconstruction of the past and forecast of the future European and British ice sheets and associated sea-level change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/433.
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The aim of this project is to improve our understanding of the past European and British ice sheets as a basis for forecasting their future. The behaviour of these ice sheets is investigated by simulating them using a numerical model and comparing model results with geological data including relative sea–level change data. In order to achieve this aim, a coupled ice sheet/lithosphere model is developed. Ice sheets form an integral part of the Earth system. They affect the planet’s albedo, atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, topography, and global and local sea–level change. In order to understand how these systems work, it is necessary to understand how ice sheets interact with other parts of the climate system. This project does this by simulating ice behaviour as part of the climate system and evaluating model behaviour in relation to evidence of past ice sheets. Ice sheet simulations can be treated with more confidence if they can be evaluated against independent data. A methodology is therefore developed that compares relative sea–level records with simulations of past sea–level which result from modelling past ice sheets with a dynamic, high–resolution thermo– mechanical ice sheet model coupled to an isostatic adjustment model. The Earth’s response to changing surface loads is simulated using both a regional, flat Earth approximation and a global, spherical self–gravitating Earth model. The coupled model is tested by initially simulating the past Fennoscandian ice sheet because of the simpler topographic framework and the quality of geological evidence of past fluctuations against which to evaluate model behaviour. The model is driven by a climatic forcing function determined so that the simulated ice sheet resembles the past Fennoscandian ice sheet as reconstructed from geomorphological evidence. The Fennoscandian climate driver is then transferred to the British Isles to simulate the past British ice sheet. Finally, a non–linear regression technique is used to construct future ice sheet drivers from future sea– level change scenarios to forecast sea–level change around the British Isles during the next glacial cycle. The data used for the inversion procedure is limited to southern Scandinavia. Outside this area, the simulation compares poorly with reconstructions based on geological observations. However, model fit within this region is good and the simulation is also in good agreement with features not used during the inversion process. This approach illustrates the benefit of using a model coupling realistic ice physics to a realistic Earth model to help constrain simultaneously unknowns of Earth rheology and ice thickness. Ultimately, relative sea–level data together with other strands of data, such as geomorphological evidence, and a coupled ice sheet/isostatic rebound model can be used to help infer past climates.
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Murphy, Maria. "Digital Transformation for Crisis Volunteerism : A study in the aftermath of the Swedish Forest Fires Crisis in 2018." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationssystem och digitalisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176915.
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In the summer of 2018, Sweden was taken by surprise and engulfed by forest fires on an unprecedented scale. Various forms of crisis volunteerism (CV) proved essential in the large scale response that ensued. Previous information systems (IS) research gives insights, both theoretically and practically, on the potential of IS and digitalisation to enhance and support crisis response. However, the forest fires demonstrated that CV practices and practitioners in Sweden have practically no such support. CV is, in other words, an essential part of the crisis response system, but unsupported by dedicated digitalisation. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand what is required to enable a digital transformation (DT) that will significantly improve CV practice and the overall crisis response system. Sweden is not unique in this respect. From an international perspective, IS research devotes much attention to the area of crisis response. However, this is most commonly done using the perspective and needs of crisis management stakeholders as a departing point. Also, despite research on and the availability of IS solutions, the degree of practical implementation would appear to be low. This thesis is therefore also based on the perceived knowledge gap that the lack of IS and digitalisation supporting CV is, in part, a result of the lack of research focus on volunteer stakeholders and the CV practice itself. Another gap noted is the lack of knowledge regarding the real-world practice of CV which contributes to undermining the development and use of IS solutions for CV. This thesis, therefore, provides a much needed holistic understanding of real-world CV. This understanding moves the perspective of volunteer stakeholders to the forefront without losing the perspective of crisis management. This has been done via an empirical study in the aftermath of the Swedish forest fires crisis as well as via studies of international IS literature on crisis response and CV. This has resulted in a unique holistic and comprehensive model that relates to the complexity, dynamics and emergence involved in CV practice. Via this model it is possible to relate specific parts or aspects of CV practice, to the whole practice area and continue modelling attributes in greater detail, as required, depending on DT or IS design needs. Underlying the focus in this thesis lies a mild critique of previous IS research with more reductionist approaches, whereby the relevance of broader contextual understandings has been downplayed. The thesis aligns with perspectives on digitalisation and IS design, proposing the relevance of developing broader holistic understandings of research topics. That is, understandings that have greater potential to reveal how phenomena come into being and are adapted in environmental contexts. DT is understood in terms of a process whereby broader understandings of phenomena are used to identify needs (triggers), strategies and capabilities that will inform IS design initiatives. An analytical framework depicting this process and its main components and relationships has been designed in this thesis to contribute to an understanding of what is required to digitally transform CV practice. In summary, the thesis provides a new holistic approach and understanding for the CV practice area and how it may be digitally transformed. The thesis also contributes to a new perspective on DT, applied to a complex and non-organisation based setting. This knowledge is of relevance to both practitioners and IS researchers in crisis response and CV. The CV practice meta-model and the analytical framework for digital transformation can be used to enable and inform future digital transformation strategies and policy in Sweden and internationally. They can also contribute to guiding the initiation of practical IS design initiatives, with greater potential to enhance and improve both CV and overall crisis response. The research was performed within the information systems (IS) discipline.
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Jarahnejad, Mariam, and Ali Zaidi. "Exploring the Potential of Renewable Energy in Telecommunications Industry." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231344.
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Renewable energy sources have started to substitute traditional energy sources in power sector, heating/cooling sector, and transportation sector. This paper explores the potential of renewable energy (mainly solar and wind) in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry. The focus is on mobile telecommunication infrastructure segment, since it is a prime consumer of energy within the ICT industry. Moving towards solar or wind power sources might bring a major shift in the ICT industry – both on the technological level as well as the service provisioning level. An overview of innovative technological solutions for solar/wind powered telecom networks is provided with a discussion on technological feasibility of innovative standalone solar/wind powered base stations. The market value of these innovative solutions as well as potential power savings are estimated in the total addressable market, the potential market, and the real market. The industry attractiveness of the innovation solutions is assessed using the Porter’s five forces and SWOT frameworks. Furthermore, these innovative solutions are assessed for their potential diffusion likelihood in different scenarios. There are several potential driving forces for the transformation towards solar/wind powered telecom networks. Based on the most important driving forces, plausible scenarios of the future have been identified and analyzed. It is identified that the renewable energy driven transformation in the ICT industry can affect developments in other industries such as automotive, agriculture, healthcare, and transportation industries.
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Beresford-Jones, David Graham. "Pre-Hispanic Prosopis-human relationships on the south coast of Peru : riparian forests in the context of environmental and cultural trajectories of the Lower Ica Valley." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614799.
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Naseri, Masoud. "Provtryck på skärm." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3575.
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This Degree Project is carried through in association with Fototext in Guthenburg. The firmsees benefits using”Soft Proof” technology for both economic and time-saving. The reasonfor ”Soft Proofing” for internal/ external production is to estimate and controll documentswithout using digital or chemical printing output.The different technical solutions to ”Soft Proof”, knowledges and facts aboutColorManagement together with PDF-workflow is going to pattern for a correct succesfull”Soft Proofing” on the monitor.Acrobat 5 in association with Photoshop 6 are effectively used in ”Soft Proofing” technic.The advance and capacity of the graphical softwares which are explained in this reporthelps the users to begin to experiment with ”Soft Proof”. Graphical firms which are interestedto begin working with ”Soft Proof” need to allready have knowledge in ICC-profilingand a practical ColorManaged workflow.
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Venkatesh, Chandrasekar. "Advanced Weather Monitoring for a Cable Stayed Bridge." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535377315373168.
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Aumatell, Gomez Guillem [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wurm. "Experiments on sublimation and contact forces of water ice particles and their application on planet formation / Guillem Aumatell Gomez. Betreuer: Gerhard Wurm." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077986742/34.
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Wilhelmsson, Tomas. "Parallelization of the HIROMB ocean model." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1437.
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Sumer, Emrah. "The Transformation Of Health Policies In Turkey As Part Of The European Integration:the Cause Of Death Statistics." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609173/index.pdf.
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The thesis builds up on the significance of the social aspect of the statistics giving direct reference to the standards of the European Union (EU) on statistics. The study concentrates on the modernization, reformation and transformation process of the Turkish Statistical System, particularly the health statistics on the basis of a specific Programme called &ldquoUpgrading the Statistical System of Turkey&rdquo
funded by the EU and the Law on Turkish Statistics (No: 5429) within the process of the harmonization of the Turkish Statistical System, which aims the integration of the current system to the international one via the EU acquis communautaire. This thesis presents the causes of the death statistics as one of the most significant dimensions of statistics since it is the most extensive and the oldest public health surveillance system in the world. The reformation in the certification process, the classification stage and the analysis of the cause of the death statistics (COD) are examined in detail hereby. Improvement of the coverage, introduction of the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD-10), development of institutional coordination and a new formation of the causes of death statistics in line with the EU requirements are analyzed in depth. Based on the findings of this study, it is proposed that the introduction of ICD-10 and improvement of the coverage of the COD statistics are not sufficient to ameliorate the shortcomings of the current death certificate system rested upon on the two documents including the &ldquo
COD forms&rdquo
and the &ldquo
burial licence&rdquo
in Turkey. The study also suggests that solutions to be proposed should be radical and effective since the problems encountered in the death certificate system are deep-rooted. Consequently, with regard to the issues of increasing the coverage of physical autopsy and providing training for the COD forms and with the aim of reducing diversified and complex chain of bureaucratic transactions, it is essential to bring an encompassing new legal base for the current death certificate system.
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BORBA, Flávia de S. L. "Desenvolvimento de métodos espectroanalíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, bens culturais e alimentos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11812.
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CNPq
Esta tese é composta por três trabalhos. O primeiro trabalho trata do desenvolvimento de um método analítico não destrutivo para discriminar tintas de canetas azuis do tipo gel (3 marcas), esferográfica (5 marcas) e rollerball (2 marcas). Foram adquiridos espectros de infravermelho médio por reflectância total atenuada de círculos preenchidos com tinta em três tipos de papel A4, sendo duas marcas de papel branco (papel 1 e papel 2) e uma de papel reciclado (papel 3). O algoritmo Kennard-Stone foi utilizado para selecionar os espectros do papel 1 para compor os conjuntos de treinamento, validação e teste. Foram construídos dois modelos com a análise discriminante linear sendo um com as classes compostas pelo tipo e o outro pelas marcas das tintas. Um novo conjunto de teste composto pelos espectros obtidos no papel 2 e 3 foi utilizado para avaliar a influência do papel nas predições dos modelos. Foi obtido 100% de classificação correta em todos os conjuntos de teste, exceto na classificação por marca do papel 3, em que foi obtida 91,3% de classificação correta. Na segunda parte desta tese, a espectroscopia de emissão em plasma induzido por laser (LIBS) foi empregada para analisar sete tijolos antigos e dois fragmentos de pinturas rupestres pertencentes a dois sítios arqueológicos brasileiros, sendo um no estado do Piauí (Toca da Extrema II) e outro no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Xique-xique). Um instrumento LIBS construído no laboratório (laser Nd:YAG, 1064 nm, 5,2 ns), contendo um policromador echelle, foi empregado para a aquisição dos espectros. Devido à complexidade dos espectros, a análise de componentes principais foi empregada para explorar o conjunto de dados. Os tijolos foram discriminados pelos seus teores de Ti, Zr, Sr e Fe. Estudos preliminares envolvendo uma pintura realizada sobre uma tela de madeira contendo diferentes camadas de material foram realizados para determinar a melhor energia do pulso de laser. Para cada fragmento de pintura, foram realizados 8 pulsos sucessivos em 16 locações diferentes, sendo 8 locações sobre a pintura e 8 sobre o substrato. Neste trabalho foi demonstrado que a utilização de técnicas multivariadas é indispensável devido à grande complexidade dos espectros obtidos durante estudo de profundidade de amostras arqueológicas. Finalmente, a terceira parte desta tese foi dedicada a avaliação do efeito de matriz na determinação da concentração de 20 elementos em suplemento alimentar, por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). Foram adquiridas em estabelecimentos comerciais, diferentes marcas de um suplemento alimentar inicialmente designado de “Ração Humana”, cuja composição é variada, mas pode conter cereais, farelos, fibras, farinhas, linhaça, gergelim, extrato de soja, levedo de cerveja, cacau em pó, gelatina em pó e guaraná em pó. Três procedimentos de decomposição foram avaliados: (1) decomposição assistida por microondas, (2) decomposição por combustão na mufla com aditivos e (3) decomposição por combustão na mufla sem aditivos. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a digestão por combustão na mufla sem aditivos. Com exceção do Mo, o nível de todos os elementos determinados de forma preliminar estão em concordância com os níveis reportados em produtos destinados à nutrição previamente descritos na literatura.
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Agbenyegah, Benjamin K. "An econometric approach to measuring productivity: Australia as a case study." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/219.
Full textAbstract:
Seminal papers of Solow (1957) and Swan (1956) stimulated debate among economists on the role of technical change in productivity improvements and for that matter economic growth. The consensus is that technological change accounts for a significant proportion of gross national product (GNP) growth in industrialised economies. In the case of Australia, the aggregate productivity performance was poor in the 1970s and 1980s, but picked up very strongly by the 1990s, and was above the OECD average growth level for the first time in its productivity growth history. However, this high productivity growth rate could not be sustained and Australia started to experience a slowdown in productivity growth since 2000. This study empirically measures the performance of productivity in Australia’s economy for the period 1950-2005, using an econometric approach. Time-series data are used to develop econometric models that capture the dynamic interactions between GDP, fixed capital, labour units, human capital, foreign direct investment (FDI) and information and communication technology (ICT). The Johansen (1988) cointegration techniques are used to establish a long-run steady-state relation between or among economic time series. The econometric analysis pays careful attention to the time-series properties of the data by conducting unit root and conintegration tests for the variables in the system.This study finds that Australia experienced productivity growth in the 1950s, a slow down in the mid 1960s, a very strong productivity growth in the mid 1990s and another slowdown from 2000 onwards. The study finds evidence that human capital, FDI and ICT are very strong determinants of long-run GDP and productivity growth in Australia. The study finds that the three, four and the five factor models are likely to give better measures of productivity performance in Australia as these models recognise human capital, FDI and ICT and include them as separate factors in the production function, This study finds evidence that the previous studies on the Australia’s productivity puzzle have made a very significant omission by not considering human capital, FDI and ICT as additional exogenous variables and by excluding them from the production function for productivity analysis.
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Agbenyegah, Benjamin Komla. "An econometric approach to measuring productivity : Australia as a case study /." Curtin University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17375.
Full textAbstract:
Seminal papers of Solow (1957) and Swan (1956) stimulated debate among economists on the role of technical change in productivity improvements and for that matter economic growth. The consensus is that technological change accounts for a significant proportion of gross national product (GNP) growth in industrialised economies. In the case of Australia, the aggregate productivity performance was poor in the 1970s and 1980s, but picked up very strongly by the 1990s, and was above the OECD average growth level for the first time in its productivity growth history. However, this high productivity growth rate could not be sustained and Australia started to experience a slowdown in productivity growth since 2000. This study empirically measures the performance of productivity in Australia’s economy for the period 1950-2005, using an econometric approach. Time-series data are used to develop econometric models that capture the dynamic interactions between GDP, fixed capital, labour units, human capital, foreign direct investment (FDI) and information and communication technology (ICT). The Johansen (1988) cointegration techniques are used to establish a long-run steady-state relation between or among economic time series. The econometric analysis pays careful attention to the time-series properties of the data by conducting unit root and conintegration tests for the variables in the system.This study finds that Australia experienced productivity growth in the 1950s, a slow down in the mid 1960s, a very strong productivity growth in the mid 1990s and another slowdown from 2000 onwards. The study finds evidence that human capital, FDI and ICT are very strong determinants of long-run GDP and productivity growth in Australia. The study finds that the three, four and the five factor models are likely to give better measures of productivity performance in Australia as these models recognise human capital, FDI and ICT and include them as separate factors in the production function, This study finds evidence that the previous studies on the Australia’s productivity puzzle have made a very significant omission by not considering human capital, FDI and ICT as additional exogenous variables and by excluding them from the production function for productivity analysis.
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Wary, Mélanie. "Rôle des conditions océaniques et des ice-shelves en périphérie des calottes européennes lors des événements climatiques abrupts de la dernière période glaciaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0316/document.
Full textAbstract:
La dernière période glaciaire a été ponctuée d’évènements climatiques abrupts connus sous le nom d’évènements d’Heinrich et évènements de Dansgaard-Oeschger. Cette variabilité millénaire a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, mais plusieurs incertitudes demeurent. Ce travail de doctorat vise à étendre et compléter les connaissances existantes sur cette variabilité climatique rapide en ciblant l’étude des variations hydrographiques telles qu’enregistrées au sein de deux archives sédimentaires prélevées au niveau des îles Féroé. Nos principaux résultats, basés sur une approche intégrée multiproxies, mettent en évidence un schéma atypique en Mer de Norvège, où les épisodes froids (stadiaires, évènements d’Heinrich inclus) sont marqués par des températures océaniques de surface relativement élevées (notamment en été) et un couvert de glace de mer réduit à quelques mois par an, et inversement pour les périodes chaudes (interstadiaires) qui enregistrent des conditions océaniques de surface froides et une expansion du couvert de glace de mer. Le caractère atypique des stadiaires paraît lié à une advection accrue d’eaux chaudes atlantiques dans les Mers Nordiques, couplée à un réchauffement de subsurface généralisé au bassin subpolaire Nord-Atlantique et ses mers bordières. Ces deux processus semblent jouer un rôle majeur dans la déstabilisation des ice-shelves et glaciers boréaux, et in fine dans leur effondrement final et les débâcles d’icebergs qui en résultent. Nos travaux nous permettent également de dégager les principaux mécanismes à l’origine des changements de circulation océanique en Atlantique Nord et des variations de température atmosphérique associées. Sur la base de l’ensemble de nos résultats et de ceux émanant de précédentes études, nous proposons ainsi un nouveau scénario de fonctionnement couplé océan-glace-atmosphère permettant d’expliquer les évènements climatiques abrupts de la dernière période glaciaireThe last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climatic events known as Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events. Many studies have focused on this millennial climatic variability, but several uncertainties remain. The present work aims at improving our knowledge on this topic through the study of the hydrographical changes recorded in two marine archives retrieved off Faeroes. Our main results, based on a multiproxy approach, reveal a paradoxical scheme in the Norwegian Sea where cold episodes (stadials, including Heinrich events) are characterized by relatively warm sea-surface temperatures (especially during summer) and a reduced sea-ice cover, and warm periods (interstadials) are marked by a reverse pattern with cold sea surface conditions and extended sea ice cover. The atypical stadial features seem to be related to enhanced advection of warm Atlantic waters in the Nordic Seas, combined to a subpolar North-Atlantic and adjacent seas basin-wide subsurface warming. These two processes seem to play a key role in the destabilization of boreal ice-shelves and ice-sheets, and in fine to their final collapse and subsequent iceberg discharges. Our work also allows us to identify the main mechanisms responsible for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation changes and associated atmospheric temperature variations. On the basis of our results and of those coming from previous studies, we thus propose a new hydrographical scenario which could explain the abrupt climate events of the last glacial period
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Siqueira, Rubens Villar. "Estimativa da temperatura de superfície na região metropolitana de Goiânia por meio de imagens Landsat e previsão de temperaturas para períodos posteriores." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5406.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Climate analysis, whether at global, regional or local level, it has been the subject of research in various fields of earth sciences. Among the climatic parameters, temperature and precipitation have gained importance in recent decades because of significant changes in their magnitudes. Thus, this work performs a detailed analysis of the temperature for the Greater Goiânia, using satellite images to generate surface temperature for the study area, at first, through an analysis between the years 1997 and 2008 and after in about twenty years, periodically every four years, for the years 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2014. The elaborate maps, besides showing the spatial variation of urban heat islands, show that there was significant changes to the minimum temperature, maximum and average. Between the period 1997 and 2008, the minimum decrease about 1.4°C and maximum jump of 31.2°C to 36.0°C. Test results for the five periods between 1997 and 2014, show that the year 2014 is presented as the hottest in the years studied. Through the resulting maps of this analysis, it can see that the range of temperatures, the difference between the maximum and minimum, grow with the years. An estimated temperature of satellite validation model was performed by direct comparison between the surface temperature and the data of GOIÂNIA weather station belonging to INMET, with differences of 0.7°C to 1.9°C between the temperatures demonstrating the applicability of satellite images to estimate temperatures in areas that do not have a dense meteorological network. The last analysis performed is forecast monthly temperatures for the period between the years 2040-2047, using the method of Holt-Winters. The model used for predicting allowed the computation of the seasonality of the minimum monthly temperatures, average and maximum for the historical period between the years 1970 to 2015. The predicted temperatures renew the expectation of increased minimum temperatures, average and maximum presented by the analysis of Historic data. As shown, in addition to the monthly increases in temperature, the occurrence of these will be situated in the highest classes of about 1.0° C warmer. We can see that, too, after 2000, all temperatures rise significantly, where their amplitudes between the minimum and maximum are located at a higher level than in previous years.
A análise do clima, seja em escala global, regional ou local, tem sido objeto de pesquisa em diversas áreas das ciências da terra. Dentre os parâmetros climáticos, a temperatura e a precipitação ganharam importância nas últimas décadas devido as alterações significativas em suas magnitudes. Desta forma, este trabalho executa uma análise particularizada da temperatura para a Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, utilizando imagens de satélites a fim de gerar a temperatura de superfície para a área de estudo, em um primeiro momento, por meio de uma análise entre os anos de 1997 e 2008 e após em cerca de vinte anos, periodicamente a cada quatro anos, para os anos de 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 e 2014. Os mapas elaborados, além de mostrarem a variação espacial das ilhas de calor urbano, demonstram que houve variações significativas para as temperaturas mínimas, máximas e médias. Entre o período de 1997 e 2008, as mínimas decrescem aproximadamente em 1,4°C e as máximas saltam de 31,2°C para 36,0°C. Os resultados da análise para os cinco períodos entre 1997 e 2014, demonstram que o ano de 2014 se apresentou como o mais quente entre os anos estudados. Por meio dos mapas resultantes desta análise, é possível notar que a amplitude das temperaturas, diferença entre as máximas e mínimas, crescem com o decorrer dos anos. Um modelo de validação das temperaturas estimadas por satélite foi executado por meio da comparação direta entre a temperatura de superfície e os dados da estação meteorológica GOIÂNIA, pertencente ao INMET, apresentando diferenças de 0,7°C a 1,9°C entre as temperaturas, demonstrando a aplicabilidade de imagens de satélite para estimativa de temperaturas em áreas que não dispõem de uma rede meteorológica adensada. A última análise executada trata da previsão de temperaturas mensais para o período entre os anos de 2040 a 2047, utilizando o método de Holt-Winters. O modelo adotado para a previsão permitiu a computação da sazonalidade das temperaturas mensais mínimas, médias e máximas para o período histórico entre os anos de 1970 a 2015. As temperaturas previstas reafirmam a expectativa do aumento das temperaturas mínimas, médias e máximas apresentadas pela análise dos dados históricos. Conforme demonstrado, além dos aumentos nas temperaturas mensais, a ocorrência destas se situará em regiões mais altas, com cerca de 1,0°C mais quentes. Podemos notar que, também, após o ano 2000, todas as temperaturas se elevam de forma significativa, onde suas amplitudes entre as mínimas e máximas se situam em um patamar mais elevado que nos anos anteriores.
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Kárník, Miroslav. "Zimní stadion." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392216.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the diploma thesis is to design and assess a steel structure of ice stadium in Česká Třebová. The ground plan dimensions of the load–bearing structure are 66 meters in width and 66 meters in length. The maximal height of the structure is 15 meters. The main frames are made of truss girders of elliptical shape. The girders are pin–supported on solid columns on both sides. The distance between the main frames is 6 meters, the distance between the solid purlins on the girder is 3 meters. There are two variants designed and compared in the thesis. In the first variant there are two-dimensional truss girders in the main hall, whereas in the second variant they are replaced with three dimensional ones.
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Solly, Hilary. ""Vous êtes grands, nous sommes petits": the implications of Bulu history, culture and economy for an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211362.
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Chalupa, Vojtěch. "Zastřešení zimního stadionu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226898.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis is the design of the roofing of an ice hockey stadium situated in Žďár nad Sázavou. Plan view dimensions are 55 m x 77 m. The structural height of the roof varies from 10 to 17 m. The roof itself consists of pipe truss girders with a span of 55 m, which are supported by columns on each side. The girders are suspended by a load-carrying arch with a span of 96 m and a camber of 29 m through a system of pre-stressed cables. To determine the internal forces, structural analysis software Scia Engineer was used. Individual elements were then manually designed.
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Scarlato, Michele. "Sicurezza di rete, analisi del traffico e monitoraggio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3223/.
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Il lavoro è stato suddiviso in tre macro-aree.
Una prima riguardante un'analisi teorica di come funzionano le intrusioni, di quali software vengono utilizzati per compierle, e di come proteggersi (usando i dispositivi che in termine generico si possono riconoscere come i firewall).
Una seconda macro-area che analizza un'intrusione avvenuta dall'esterno verso dei server sensibili di una rete LAN.
Questa analisi viene condotta sui file catturati dalle due interfacce di rete configurate in modalità promiscua su una sonda presente nella LAN.
Le interfacce sono due per potersi interfacciare a due segmenti di LAN aventi due maschere
di sotto-rete differenti. L'attacco viene analizzato mediante vari software.
Si può infatti definire una terza parte del lavoro, la parte dove vengono analizzati i file
catturati dalle due interfacce con i software che prima si occupano di analizzare i dati di
contenuto completo, come Wireshark, poi dei software che si occupano di analizzare i dati di
sessione che sono stati trattati con Argus, e infine i dati di tipo statistico che sono stati trattati
con Ntop.
Il penultimo capitolo, quello prima delle conclusioni, invece tratta l'installazione di Nagios, e
la sua configurazione per il monitoraggio attraverso plugin dello spazio di disco rimanente su
una macchina agent remota, e sui servizi MySql e DNS. Ovviamente Nagios può essere
configurato per monitorare ogni tipo di servizio offerto sulla rete.
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Galluzzi, Marta. "Assessing European forest biodiversity: a multi-dimensional approach." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1160405.
Full textAbstract:
Assessing forest diversity is still a critical task at local,
national and global level. Monitor biodiversity nationwide is re-
quired for countries participating to the Convention of Biological
Diversity, however, measuring forest diversity is a challenge due to
the complexity and the functionality of forest and to the difficult
of harmonizing sampling design at continental scale.
The present research is aimed to analyze a large forest di-
versity data to assess forest diversity at the pan-continental level, to
investigate how the tree layer diversity can be used as a proxy of the
community diversity at different scale levels, and to demonstrate
the importance of forest monitoring for forest management.
We used a multi-dimensional pan-European data acquired
in the framework of BioSoil project (Li-BioDiv database), as part
of ICP forest Level I network. The database contains forest struc-
ture and vegetation data collected in 19 European countries in the
period 2005-2008. In addition, for one of the purpose we used also
local-scale diversity data as well. The dissertation is divided into
two main parts. The first one includes paper I and II that deepen
data stored in the LI-BioDiv database, while the second one in-
cludes paper III and IV investigating the relationship between tree
and ground vegetation data.
The paper I presents the LI-BioDiv database and com-
pares plot level forest variable with data of National Forest Inven-
tories and demonstrates that the database appears useful mainly
for research purpose aimed at studying cross-relationships between
multiple forest variables.
Paper II is aimed of evaluating the uncertainty of ground
vegetation data related to forest diversity descriptors using a
diffusion-based cartogram approach that visually displays how data
information change in function to different uncertainty degrees.
The study highlights than an awareness of the negative relation-
ship between the period of the survey and species richness can lead
to a better data handling and analysis. In addition it also demon-
strate that cartograms are efficient tools for evaluating and man-
aging uncertainty and can strengthen the results of data analysis
by providing alternative perspectives and interpretations of spatial
phenomena.
In Paper III, we explore the relationship between struc-
tural diversity indicators and floristic diversity indices, across biore-
gions, in different management conditions and in different forest
types at pan-European scale. As expected, no relationship was
found between the two group of indices. The results confirm that
structural diversity indices are complementary to floristic biodiver-
sity indices. A selection of groups of different types of indices is
highly encouraged to better explain forest biodiversity.
In Paper IV stand structure and plant diversity changes
were tested at local scale. The effects of alternative managements
were investigated by comparing the structure and plant diversity
along a four-stages temporal gradient of stand development under
similar site conditions. The study underlines species turnover along
a temporal gradient in order to promote conservation-oriented man-
agement. The results underline that the frequency of silvicultural
interventions seems to influence the turnover in species composition
and structural condition variation.
In conclusion, understanding heterogeneity related to bi-
ological data is a complex task that can lead to good data use
and analysis. The relationship between tree layer and ground veg-
etation layer change across scales and local conditions. National
Forest inventories should be taken into consideration as a platform
to include multiple forest variable in order to properly monitoring
and assessing forest biodiversity status and trends, and to promote
a targeted management.
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Mazur, Maxwell. "Factors Affecting Gaseous Mercury (Hg) Emissions from Soils: Insights from Disturbance due to Frest Harvesting and Hg Source Depth Manipulation." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43209.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explored the impacts of forest harvesting on gaseous elemental mercury emissions from forest soils in both field and laboratory studies, through novel use of enriched mercury isotope tracers. Forest floor Hg emissions, sourced from legacy deposition, increased proportionally to the vegetation quantity removed, with biomass harvesting most exacerbating emissions. Contemporary Hg deposition did not appear to be influenced by harvesting. Some of the tracer was rapidly lost to the atmosphere (~8%), but most was sequestered within the soil. Two regimes facilitating Hg emissions were observed in low-light conditions. Under extremely dry conditions deeper Hg sources (> 2cm depth) were as equally susceptible to emission as shallower sources. Following wetting to field capacity, emissions were elevated only from shallow sources, likely as a result of upward capillary transport. Impacts of vegetation removal and dry fluxes are previously uncharacterized and may constitute large additional sources to regional atmospheric Hg cycling.
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Wilk, Ewa. "Modelowanie przestrzennego rozmieszczenia wyrobów azbestowych w Polsce i oszacowanie kosztów ich usunięcia." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2316.
Full textAbstract:
W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania metody lasów losowych (Random Forest) do oszacowania ilości wykorzystywanych wyrobów azbestowo-cementowych w poszczególnych gminach w Polsce. Opracowana i przetestowana metoda stanowi spójne i jednolite podejście do szacowania ilości wyrobów tego rodzaju, które zakłada wykorzystanie następujących danych w procesie modelowania:a)wyników inwentaryzacji terenowych pozostających w użytkowaniu wyrobów azbestowych (w 160 gminach);b)charakterystyk społeczno-ekonomicznych gmin, na podstawie danych zgromadzonych w Banku Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, (łącznie zebrano 192 zmienne spośród których wybierano zmienne istotne); c)wielkości powierzchni zabudowanej w gminach, pozyskane ze zbiorów danych o różnych rozdzielczościach przestrzennych;d)uwarunkowań historycznych, tj. przynależności obecnych terytoriów gmin do zaborów oraz tzw. „ziem odzyskanych”;e)liczby i odległości do zakładów, które stosowały azbest w produkcji. Głównym problemem badawczym był wybór zmiennych istotnych w procesie modelowania ilości wyrobów azbestowych oraz zbiorów danych najlepiej charakteryzyzujących powierzchnie zabudowane w gminach. Na podstawie baz danych: Corine Land Cover, Soil Sealing Layer i Bazy Danych Obiektów Topograficznych opracowano 4 zestawy, tj. CLC2006, SSL2009, BDOT10k PT i BDOT10k BBU, z których najwyższą wartość miary dopasowania parametru pseudo-R2 otrzymano dla zestawu SSL2009 i wyniosła ona 75,85%. Uzyskane wyniki modelowania wskazują, że optymalne do szacowania ilości wyrobów azbestowo-cementowych w gminach są dane o wielkości powierzchni zabudowanej pozyskane z projektu Soil Sealing Layer (SSL2009), zaś zmienne istotne w procesie modelowania ilości wykorzystywanych wyrobów azbestowo-cementowych to 29 cech, charakteryzujących ludność, budynki, rolnictwo, finanse publiczne, rynek pracy, zakłady azbestowe oraz uwarunkowania historyczne.W opracowanym modelu SSL2009 obliczono, że w Polsce wykorzystywanych jest 7,8 mln Mg płyt azbestowo-cementowych, stanowiących pokrycia dachowe i okładziny elewacyjne budynków, z tego najwięcej przypada na województwo mazowieckie, następnie na lubelskie, a potem łódzkie i wielkopolskie, zaś najniższym udziałem charakteryzuje się województwo lubuskie.Na podstawie wyników modelowania opracowano mapę rozmieszczenia tych wyrobów azbestowych w Polsce oraz oszacowano koszty ich usunięcia, a także pojemności składowisk niezbędnych do przyjęcia odpadów zawierających azbest. Wyliczone koszty całego procesu wynoszą od 2,1 do 6,4 mld zł i są niższe o prawie 34 mld zł od szacunków, zawartych w Programie Oczyszczania Kraju z Azbestu na lata 2009-2032. Oszacowana na podstawie uzyskanych wyników modelowania niezbędna pojemność składowisk do przyjęcia odpadów powstałych z usuwania użytkowanych wyrobów, okazała się o około 6 mln m3 większa od tej, którą obecnie dyponują składowiska. Tyle więc brakuje, aby mogło nastąpić bezpieczne dla zdrowia ludności i środowiska usunięcie azbestu. W pracy zrealizowano postawione cele aplikacyjne i poznawcze oraz potwierdzono zakładaną hipotezę badawczą, że dostępne informacje społeczno-ekonomiczne, uwarunkowania historyczne zabudowy i produkcji wyrobów azbestowo-cementowych w Polsce oraz mapy pokrycia terenu w odniesieniu do powierzchni zajętej przez zabudowę pozwalają na oszacowanie ilości wykorzystywanych wyrobów azbestowo-cementowych w gminach, a następnie na tej podstawie na szacunki kosztów ich eliminacji ze środowiska.The unique set of physical and chemical properties, has led to many industrial applications of asbestos worldwide, of which asbestos-cement roofing and facades constitute about 80% of currently used asbestos-containing products. In Poland two types of asbestos-cement products were used: flat and corrugated sheets. Since exposure to asbestos causes a wide range of diseases asbestos production and trade was forbidden in Poland in 1997. Since in Poland there is no adequate data on the amount of asbestos-cement roofing and facades, the objective of the thesis was to estimate its quantity on the basis of physical inventory taking with the use of aerial imagery, and the application of selected features, considering social-economic situation of Poland, the area of built-up areas, historical belonging to annexations, and data on asbestos manufacturing plants. 4 datasets were prepared based on land use data. Analysis was executed in R Statistical Environment v. 3.1.0. Feature selection was performed with the R package Boruta in order to find all relevant predictors. Variables defining population, the number of farms and agricultural way of farming, the number and age of buildings, asbestos-cement manufacturing plants, and regional differences were crucial for the analysis. Best Random Forest models were computed; model explaining 75.85% of the variance was subsequently used to prepare the prediction map of the amount of asbestos-cement products used in Poland. The total amount of asbestos-cement products was estimated at 710,278,645 m2 (7.8 million tonnes). The estimated costs of the asbestos abatement process in Poland amounted to 6.4 billion PLN, and asbestos landfills lack approximately 6 million cubic meters of capacity. The undertaken survey has led to the conclusion that spatial distribution of asbestos-cement products is crucial for financial resources distribution, the landfill development program, and application of monitoring policies.
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Lau, Michael Wai-Hung. "Ice forces on a faceted cone due to the passage of a level ice field /." 1999.
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Houde, Isabelle. "Small mammal associations with habitat structure in riparian zones of a managed ICH Forest; Revelstoke, B.C." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5946.
Full textAbstract:
I investigated small mammal communities and habitat associations within riparian and
upland areas of a class S2 stream in Revelstoke, B.C. Sampling sites were distributed among
three types of habitat: old-growth ICH forests, 5-10-year-old clearcut, and clearcuts with 60
to 90m riparian buffers. I assessed small mammal populations and habitat associations along a
transriparian gradient starting flush with the stream and going upland perpendicular to the
stream (300m).
Six small mammal species or genera were captured. Deer mice (Peromyscus
maniculatus), western jumping mice (Zapus princeps), voles (Microtus spp.j, shrews (Sorex
spp), red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), and short tailed weasels (Mustela erminea)
all occupied clearcut sites. M. erminea was not captured within the riparian buffer strips
areas, nor within the old-growth habitat. Small mammal species richness varied with
sampling-site but was generally higher within the clearcut and buffered habitats where higher
percent cover of shrubs and volume of downed wood were found. The relative abundance of
small mammals differed among sampling-sites. Small mammal density and abundance were
higher within the heterogeneous buffered habitat (composed of both clearcut and riparian
buffer zones) followed by the clearcut and old-growth habitats.
Herbs (including ferns), species richness and vegetative percent cover differed among
sampling-sites. There was no distance effect on vegetation species richness. Percent cover of
shrubs differed significantly with distance from stream; Percent cover of herbs was greater within old-growth and riparian buffer strip areas than in clearcut zones. Sampling-sites
contained a wide range of microhabitats, so it was not possible to discern a continuous
gradient or trend in habitat structure.
There was no distance effect on the pooled small mammal populations.
P. maniculalus dominated all habitats. Sorex were most abundant within clearcut areas and
were positively correlated with distance from the stream in the buffered habitat. Microtus
spp. and Z. princeps were most abundant within old-growth and riparian buffer strips. Z.
princeps capture rates were negatively correlated with distance from stream in clearcuts and
old-growth habitats. C. gapperi was found only in riparian buffer strip zones when these were
present within a clearcut.
My results suggest that heterogeneous habitat (clearcut with riparian buffer) increases
the overall small mammal abundance and diversity. Presence of riparian buffer strips allow the
density of old-growth obligate species to remain high. From my results it was not possible to
suggest an ideal riparian buffer width to contain quality habitats for small mammal
communities. Buffers of 60-90m wide appeared adequate to retain species diversity. Because
small mammal communities seemed related to the microhabitat rather than the habitat at a
larger scale, an investigation of the microhabitat associations would provide better
understanding of small mammal population parameters.