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1
Spooner, Daniel Ron, and n/a. "Nutrient, organic carbon and suspended solid loadings in two ICOLLs, NSW Australia : biogeochemical responses." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070129.130745.
Full textAbstract:
Intermittently Closed and Open Lake Lagoons (ICOLLs) are very common along the
southern NSW coastline. Expanding urban populations are expanding and these systems are
under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities that change landscape processes and
significantly alter the amounts of organic and inorganic constituents entering their waters.
Once efficient cycling of nutrients in ICOLLs is overcome, the symptoms of eutrophication
establish and the entire ecosystem suffers. These systems have great ecological, social, and
economic values that require insightful, well balanced, and educated management to
promote sustainable use of these often-sensitive areas.
Corunna and Nangudga Lake are ICOLLs in the Eurobodalla Shire on the south
coast of NSW. These two ICOLLs receive discharges from catchments covered by native
vegetation and grassland. The primary objective of this research component was to quantify
catchment exports of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solids (SS),
particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three small
coastal sub catchments that deliver constituents into Corunna and Nangudga Lakes. As part
of this investigation the fates of catchment loads in the ICOLLs were established focusing
on the lakes water column response to catchment loads and the biogeochemical cycling of
nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments.
2
Haines, Philip Edward, and n/a. "Physical and Chemical Behaviour and Management of Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs) in NSW." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070221.132729.
Full textAbstract:
The term 'Intermittently Closed and Open Lake or Lagoon (ICOLL)' has been adopted in NSW to described wave dominated barrier estuaries with an intermittent connection to the ocean. ICOLLs can also be found in south east Queensland, south-west Western Australia, and some parts of Victoria and Tasmania, although they are not the dominant estuary type as in NSW. From an international perspective, ICOLLs are also found in South Africa, New Zealand, Mexico and the Atlantic coast of Brazil and Uruguay. Within NSW, ICOLLs are mostly located south of Sydney, due to the high wave activity and close proximity of the Great Dividing Range to the coast, which results in small coastal catchments and thus small fluvial and sediment runoff. The distinguishing difference between ICOLLs and other estuary types is the variable condition of their entrances, which also makes them the most sensitive type of estuary to human interference (HRC, 2002; Boyd et al., 1992). The sensitivity of ICOLLs to external inputs has been described in this thesis based on their morphometric characteristics, which includes their size, shape and predominant entrance condition. NSW ICOLLs exhibit a wide range of physical conditions. Some ICOLLs are rarely open to the ocean, while others are rarely closed. Also, some ICOLLs have experienced extensive development within their catchments, while some are located mostly or wholly within National Parks and other protected reserves. When closed, ICOLLs behave like terminal lakes, retaining and assimilating 100% of the external inputs delivered to the system. When open, tidal flushing assists with advection and dispersion of inputs, however, significant tidal attenuation across the entrance still limits opportunities for effective removal of pollutants. The majority of NSW ICOLLs are considered to be mostly closed (i.e., have a closed entrance for more than 60% of the time), while remaining ICOLLs tend to be mostly open (i.e., have a closed entrance for less than 20% of the time). Few ICOLLs have entrances that are open and closed for roughly equal proportions of time, thus resulting in a distinctive bimodal behaviour of entrance condition (i.e., mostly open or mostly closed). NSW ICOLLs tend to be mostly closed unless (i) the catchment is larger than 100km2, and/or (ii) the exposure of the entrance to ocean swell waves is less than 60 degrees and/or (iii) the entrance channel contains geomorphic controls (e.g. shallow bedrock outcrops). Unless opened artificially, ICOLLs will generally remain closed until a sufficient volume of catchment runoff accumulates within the waterway to increase water levels to a level that overtops (breaches) the entrance sand berm. Once breached, high velocity flows over the berm cause scour and the development of a formalised entrance channel, which increases exponentially until an optimum width and depth has been reached (determined by the hydrostatic head, geomorphic controls and tidal conditions at the time). Following entrance breakout and lowering of the lagoon level, sand is reworked back into the entrance under the influence of flood tides and wave processes. The environmental condition of ICOLLs has generally been assumed as being dependent on the state of the catchment and the associated input of nutrients (form and magnitude) to the system. Biogeochemical processes also are reported to influence the condition of ICOLLs, particularly denitrification, which is controlled by the organic load on the bed and the extent of benthic algae and macrophytic productivity. In addition to this, however, it is demonstrated that the predominant and prevailing entrance conditions (i.e. open or closed) also influence the physical, chemical and biological environments. ICOLLs are particularly susceptible to the impacts of future climate change. This thesis provides a description of expected impacts on NSW ICOLLs environments associated in response to future climate changes, based on a detailed appreciation of physical processes and their follow-on consequences. Impacts on ICOLLs are expected as a result of increasing sea level, altered rainfall patterns, and modified offshore wave climate. A survey of relevant government officials has revealed that more than 50% of NSW ICOLLs are artificially opened before water levels reach the height of the natural entrance sand berm. Artificial entrance opening is mostly carried out to mitigate inundation of public and/or private assets around ICOLL foreshores, such as roads, backyards, farming lands and on-site sewage (septic) systems. Truncation of the hydraulic regime of ICOLLs can modify other physical, chemical and biological processes, and can result in deleterious impacts such as the terrestrialisation of estuarine wetlands and foreshores. Few statutory environmental planning mechanisms protect ICOLLs from future degradation. This thesis has identified the key issues that potentially compromise ICOLL integrity and sustainability, which include the expected future population growth in coastal NSW (thus increasing pressure for intensification of development within ICOLL catchments), future climate change (particularly increases in sea level), and the increased demand for amenity, particularly during summer holiday periods (i.e. 'summer impacts'). A series of management models have been developed to address key issues. The models comprise a suite of strategies that target future development and existing management practices, through a range of new or modified planning instruments. Models for the future management of ICOLL entrances aim to prevent artificial openings in the long-term. This requires, however, the systematic relocation, raising or flood-proofing of public and private assets that have been established on land that is potentially subject to inundation. Increasing sea levels in the future will compound the need for improved entrance management. Pro-active, integrated and adaptive management strategies need to be implemented today to minimise the on-going conflict and potential for continued environmental degradation in the future.
3
Haines, Philip Edward. "Physical and Chemical Behaviour and Management of Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs) in NSW." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367425.
Full textAbstract:
The term 'Intermittently Closed and Open Lake or Lagoon (ICOLL)' has been adopted in NSW to described wave dominated barrier estuaries with an intermittent connection to the ocean. ICOLLs can also be found in south east Queensland, south-west Western Australia, and some parts of Victoria and Tasmania, although they are not the dominant estuary type as in NSW. From an international perspective, ICOLLs are also found in South Africa, New Zealand, Mexico and the Atlantic coast of Brazil and Uruguay. Within NSW, ICOLLs are mostly located south of Sydney, due to the high wave activity and close proximity of the Great Dividing Range to the coast, which results in small coastal catchments and thus small fluvial and sediment runoff. The distinguishing difference between ICOLLs and other estuary types is the variable condition of their entrances, which also makes them the most sensitive type of estuary to human interference (HRC, 2002; Boyd et al., 1992). The sensitivity of ICOLLs to external inputs has been described in this thesis based on their morphometric characteristics, which includes their size, shape and predominant entrance condition. NSW ICOLLs exhibit a wide range of physical conditions. Some ICOLLs are rarely open to the ocean, while others are rarely closed. Also, some ICOLLs have experienced extensive development within their catchments, while some are located mostly or wholly within National Parks and other protected reserves. When closed, ICOLLs behave like terminal lakes, retaining and assimilating 100% of the external inputs delivered to the system. When open, tidal flushing assists with advection and dispersion of inputs, however, significant tidal attenuation across the entrance still limits opportunities for effective removal of pollutants. The majority of NSW ICOLLs are considered to be mostly closed (i.e., have a closed entrance for more than 60% of the time), while remaining ICOLLs tend to be mostly open (i.e., have a closed entrance for less than 20% of the time). Few ICOLLs have entrances that are open and closed for roughly equal proportions of time, thus resulting in a distinctive bimodal behaviour of entrance condition (i.e., mostly open or mostly closed). NSW ICOLLs tend to be mostly closed unless (i) the catchment is larger than 100km2, and/or (ii) the exposure of the entrance to ocean swell waves is less than 60 degrees and/or (iii) the entrance channel contains geomorphic controls (e.g. shallow bedrock outcrops). Unless opened artificially, ICOLLs will generally remain closed until a sufficient volume of catchment runoff accumulates within the waterway to increase water levels to a level that overtops (breaches) the entrance sand berm. Once breached, high velocity flows over the berm cause scour and the development of a formalised entrance channel, which increases exponentially until an optimum width and depth has been reached (determined by the hydrostatic head, geomorphic controls and tidal conditions at the time). Following entrance breakout and lowering of the lagoon level, sand is reworked back into the entrance under the influence of flood tides and wave processes. The environmental condition of ICOLLs has generally been assumed as being dependent on the state of the catchment and the associated input of nutrients (form and magnitude) to the system. Biogeochemical processes also are reported to influence the condition of ICOLLs, particularly denitrification, which is controlled by the organic load on the bed and the extent of benthic algae and macrophytic productivity. In addition to this, however, it is demonstrated that the predominant and prevailing entrance conditions (i.e. open or closed) also influence the physical, chemical and biological environments. ICOLLs are particularly susceptible to the impacts of future climate change. This thesis provides a description of expected impacts on NSW ICOLLs environments associated in response to future climate changes, based on a detailed appreciation of physical processes and their follow-on consequences. Impacts on ICOLLs are expected as a result of increasing sea level, altered rainfall patterns, and modified offshore wave climate. A survey of relevant government officials has revealed that more than 50% of NSW ICOLLs are artificially opened before water levels reach the height of the natural entrance sand berm. Artificial entrance opening is mostly carried out to mitigate inundation of public and/or private assets around ICOLL foreshores, such as roads, backyards, farming lands and on-site sewage (septic) systems. Truncation of the hydraulic regime of ICOLLs can modify other physical, chemical and biological processes, and can result in deleterious impacts such as the terrestrialisation of estuarine wetlands and foreshores. Few statutory environmental planning mechanisms protect ICOLLs from future degradation. This thesis has identified the key issues that potentially compromise ICOLL integrity and sustainability, which include the expected future population growth in coastal NSW (thus increasing pressure for intensification of development within ICOLL catchments), future climate change (particularly increases in sea level), and the increased demand for amenity, particularly during summer holiday periods (i.e. 'summer impacts'). A series of management models have been developed to address key issues. The models comprise a suite of strategies that target future development and existing management practices, through a range of new or modified planning instruments. Models for the future management of ICOLL entrances aim to prevent artificial openings in the long-term. This requires, however, the systematic relocation, raising or flood-proofing of public and private assets that have been established on land that is potentially subject to inundation. Increasing sea levels in the future will compound the need for improved entrance management. Pro-active, integrated and adaptive management strategies need to be implemented today to minimise the on-going conflict and potential for continued environmental degradation in the future.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
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4
Enbom, Anna. "Enklare väg in i ett nytt språk : En webbkurs för nybörjare i arabiska." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-18921.
Full textAbstract:
Detta examensarbete går ut på att utveckla en webbplats som riktar sig till svenskar som vill lära sig arabiska. Syftet med webbplatsen är att minska tröskeln till att lära sig arabiska. En stor del av arbetet har bestått i att ta del av litteratur om språkinlärning, språkutbildning och datorstödd språkinlärning, samt att studera andra webbplatser. Den webbplats jag har skapat bygger till stor del på en MySQL-databas. Webbplatsen är skapad med PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery och AJAX. Det finns ett gränssnitt där administratörer kan lägga in nya ord och meningar. Orden och meningarna i databasen har lagrats med morfemen åtskilda så långt det är möjligt. En fördel är att det underlättar visualiseringar, utbyggnad av nya funktioner och att det går snabbare för administratörer att lägga in nya ord och meningar. Några av de funktioner som finns på webbplatsen är: Varje ord i ordlistan visas med sina viktigaste böjningsformer. För varje ord kan man se hur det är uppbyggt i bokstäver. För varje ord kan man se vilka meningar det ingår i, för varje mening kan man klicka på valfritt ord för att få mer information om ordet. Varje mening visas både med sin översättning och en ordagrann översättning. Användare kan spara valfria ord och förhöras på dem. För att värdera webbplatsen har jag bland annat genomfört en användarundersökning. Resultatet visar att webbplatsen som helhet är bra och att det finns ett behov av den, samtidigt som utseendet och användarvänligheten kan förbättras.The aim of this project is to develop a website for swedes that want to learn Arabic. The purpose of the website is to facilitate the learning of Arabic. A large part of the project has been dedicated to study second language acquisition, language education and computer-aided language learning as well as to study other websites. The website I have created is based on a MySQL database. The website is built with PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery and AJAX. Apart from the website there is an interface for administrators where they can add words and sentences to the website. The words and sentences in the database are stored so that morphemes are separated as far as possible. An advantage with that solution is that it facilitates visualizations, creation of new functions and that administrators can add new words and sentences with less effort. Some of the functions that the website offers are: Each word in the wordlist are represented with its most common inflections. Each word can be broken up into letters. For each word you can click to find sentences where the word is included, for each sentence you can click on a word to find more information about it. Each sentence are represented with both a translation and a word by word translation. Users can save words and be tested on them. To value the website a survey has been done. The survey shows that the website in general is good and that there is a need for it, while the look and the navigation needs to be improved.
5
Lun, Suen Caesar, and 藺蓀. "An integrated approach to computer-assisted language learning (ICALL)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014838.
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6
Norman, Renee Adelle. "House of mirrors, performing autobiograph(icall)y in language/education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/NQ46401.pdf.
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7
Sentance, Susan. "Recognising and responding to English article usage errors : an ICALL based approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20176.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial Intelligence techniques are increasingly being used to enhance the area of Computer-Aided Instruction. This thesis is concerned with the area of Computer-Aided Language Learning, a subset of Computer-Aided Instruction, and demonstrates how various Artificial Intelligence techniques can be incorporated into a language system to produce an intelligent educational tool. In this thesis, the focus is on the use of English articles, which is a subtle area of the English language with which even advanced students of English have difficulty. This thesis describes Artcheck, an intelligent Computer-Aided Language Learning (ICALL) system which detects, analyses and responds to English article usage errors. This system has three main features: it has knowledge of the article usage domain; it dynamically creates a model of the student; and it adapts to the individual student. The system's knowledge of the domain consists of a set of article usage rules which reflect standard teaching practice. The information necessary to apply the rules is extracted at the natural language processing stage, and includes structural and contextual information. The system models the state of the student's knowledge at all times, in order to give informative explanations to the student about any errors which are made. It is able to generate mal-rules which account for consistent errors made by the student, using version spaces and the candidate elimination algorithm. The student model can be described as dynamic because the generation of mal-rules can create new parts of the student model, in response to student behaviour, which are not pre-determined by the system designer. The system responds to individual students by giving explanations of errors which are tailored to the student's level of ability and preferred learning style.
8
McCallum, Roisin. "Organic matter and nitrogen cycling in a heavily modified coastal lagoon." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2552.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal waterbodies and their catchments have been highly modified, leading to altered flushing and eutrophication. Strategies to manage water flow to either maintain water levels or reduce salt-water intrusion and mitigate impacts to coastal waterbodies include engineering approaches such as the construction of surge barriers and river diversions and manipulation of sandbars. Climate change is increasingly impacting coastal waterbodies with predictions of increased drying and significant changes to rainfall patterns. Consequently, engineering management strategies are likely to increase, but it is unclear how biogeochemistry and benthic cycling in coastal waterbodies will be affected, and how to manage the likely eutrophication issues that ensue. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine how organic matter and nutrients are transported and cycled within a heavily modified intermittently closed/open lakes and lagoons (ICOLL). The Vasse Wonnerup Wetland System (VWWS) is a modified eutrophic ICOLL in southwestern Australia. It has been managed for over 100 years and has multiple surge barriers, river diversions, an oxygenation plant, and an artificially managed sandbar. In addition, significant portions of the VWWS seasonally dry out, making it an ideal system to study the effects of climate change to coastal systems which are likely to experience similar modifications as the VWWS. Stable isotope analyses and mixing models showed that the particulate organic matter (POM) in the system is derived mainly from autochthonous sources (fringing vegetation and aquatic macrophytes). Similarly, compound-specific stable isotopes showed that the sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are mainly autochthonous and dominated by dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The extremely low ( < detection limit) concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; nitrate and ammonium) in the basin water column suggests that DON is crucial to sustaining a DIN supply in the VWWS through decomposition and tight cycling between DON and DIN. Currently, national and international management guidelines focus on inorganic nutrient concentrations as indicators of unacceptable concentrations (trigger values) and management strategies are generally focused upon reducing allochthonous (external) dissolved inorganic nutrients (i.e., nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate). This study shows that the focus of management on inorganic nutrients may not be well placed in this type of system. Benthic flux experiments demonstrated that water column DO and seasonal drying of the sediment did not affect dissolved organic C, N or P fluxes significantly but did influence benthic metabolism with higher rates occurring in high water column DO conditions. Despite this, benthic metabolism remained anaerobic. Surprisingly, decreasing water column DO did not influence net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions indicating increasing water column DO will not decrease GHG emissions. Oxygenation of the water column did increase N removal, with higher net N2 effluxes with increasing water column DO. Bioavailable nitrogen pools the water column were supplemented in low DO conditions by N2O, with consumption of N2O occurring during dark hours. The lack of significant effects from DO manipulation treatments on many of the measured nutrient species indicate that maintenance of water column oxic conditions, regardless of the concentrations are unlikely to be effective in promoting removal or storage of nutrients in eutrophic systems. Increasing drying out of coastal waterbodies will have impacts on benthic metabolism, however this issue may become system specific depending on sandbar and surge barrier management strategies influencing water levels. Overall, this study confirmed the importance of autochthonous OM contributions and cycling in an ICOLL, whilst highlighting the impacts of engineered modifications in this type of coastal waterbody and its catchment.
9
Briet, Claire. "Déviation de l’auto-immunité chez la souris NOD invalidée pour la voie ICOS/ICOSL." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T057/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le modèle murin le plus utilisé pour le diabète de type 1 est la souris NOD. L’activation des lymphocytes T autoréactifs vis à vis des cellules béta nécessite la reconnaissance par le TCR de l’auto antigène présenté par le CMH ainsi que des signaux de co stimulation. Nous apportons la preuve que la voie de costimulation ICOS/ICOSL est indispensable au développement du diabète chez la souris NOD. En effet, les souris invalidées pour le gène Icos ou IcosL sont protégées du diabète. Nous avons démontré que cette protection est liée à un défaut d’activation des LT diabétogènes. De façon inattendue, nous avons observé chez ces souris ICOS-/- et ICOSL-/- une neuromyopathie. Cette pathologie se développe parallèlement au diabète chez la souris ICOSL+/+. Sur le plan histologique, le muscle strié périphérique et le nerf périphérique est envahi par un infiltrat lymphocytaire et par des cellules présentatrices d’antigène. Nous avons démontré par des expériences de transfert adoptif que la neuromyopathie est une maladie auto-immune données, nous avons étudié les souris NOD ICOSL-/- CIITA-/-. Ces souris sont dépourvues de lymphocytes T -CD4+ et ne développent pas de neuromyopathie ni de diabète. De même, nous avons étudié les souris NOD ICOSL-/- béta2m-/-. Ces souris sont dépourvues de lymphocytes T-CD8+ et développent une neuromyopathie. Cette déviation de l’auto-immunité est liée à l’interaction entre les LT et les lymphocytes B via le signal ICOS/ICOSL. Nous avons prouvé via des expériences de transfert et de chimères que l’absence de signal ICOS/ICOSL entre les lymphocytes T et les lymphocytes B oriente l’auto-immunité vers le système nerveux périphérique et le muscle strié. Enfin, l’analyse du spectre de spécificité des anticorps présent chez la souris ICOSL-/- par western blot puis par spectrométrie de masse a précisé les cibles antigéniques de la myopathie. L’invalidation de la voie ICOS/ICOSL conduit donc à une déviation de l’auto-immunité du pancréas vers le muscle et le système nerveux périphérique. Ces données prouvent que la voie ICOS/ICOSL est indispensable à l’initiation du diabète, mais aussi au contrôle de l’auto-immunitéCostimulation pathways are described as central in T cell activation and the control of autoimmune responses. We previously reported that NOD mice that are deficient for the icosl gene are protected from diabetes, but instead develop a spontaneous autoimmune neuromyopathy. The general phenotype of the neuromyopathy observed in ICOSL-/- NOD mice is globally similar to that observed in ICOS-/- and ICOS-/-ICOSL-/- double knockout NOD mice. The neuromyopathy is observed in 100% of female mice by the age of 35 weeks. The neuropathy remains limited to the peripheral nerve tissue. The disease is characterized by an infiltration of immune cells: CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, but does not extend to the central nervous system. A similar infiltrate is seen in muscles. Autoimmune neuromyopathy can be transfer to naive recipients by T lymphocytes. Transfer is achieved in NOD.scid recipient mice by CD4+ T-cells, although not by CD8+ T-cells, isolated from 35 week old ICOSL-/- NOD. The predominant role of CD4+T-cells is further demonstrated in this model by the observation that CIITA-/-ICOSL-/- NOD mice do not developed the neuromyopathy. By contrast, ȕ2m-/-ICOSL-/- NOD mice develop a neuromyopathy. We obtained evidence (in chimeric mice) that the interaction between antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T lymphocytes via ICOS/ICOSL is a prerequisite to the development of diabetes, while the loss of the interaction between T lymphocytes and APC play a key role in the development of nervous and muscular autoimmunity. Finally, the spectrum analysis of antibodies specificity in mouse ICOSL-/- with Western blot and mass spectrometry indicated the antigenic targets of myopathy. Altogether, our data indicate that the deviation of autoimmunity in NOD mice from the pancreas to muscles and the peripheral nervous system in the absence of ICOS/ICOSL signal is dependent on the loss of the physiological interaction between T cells and APC
10
Briet, Claire. "Déviation de l'auto-immunité chez la souris NOD invalidée pour la voie ICOS/ICOSL." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849968.
Full textAbstract:
Le modèle murin le plus utilisé pour le diabète de type 1 est la souris NOD. L'activation des lymphocytes T autoréactifs vis à vis des cellules béta nécessite la reconnaissance par le TCR de l'auto antigène présenté par le CMH ainsi que des signaux de co stimulation. Nous apportons la preuve que la voie de costimulation ICOS/ICOSL est indispensable au développement du diabète chez la souris NOD. En effet, les souris invalidées pour le gène Icos ou IcosL sont protégées du diabète. Nous avons démontré que cette protection est liée à un défaut d'activation des LT diabétogènes. De façon inattendue, nous avons observé chez ces souris ICOS-/- et ICOSL-/- une neuromyopathie. Cette pathologie se développe parallèlement au diabète chez la souris ICOSL+/+. Sur le plan histologique, le muscle strié périphérique et le nerf périphérique est envahi par un infiltrat lymphocytaire et par des cellules présentatrices d'antigène. Nous avons démontré par des expériences de transfert adoptif que la neuromyopathie est une maladie auto-immune données, nous avons étudié les souris NOD ICOSL-/- CIITA-/-. Ces souris sont dépourvues de lymphocytes T -CD4+ et ne développent pas de neuromyopathie ni de diabète. De même, nous avons étudié les souris NOD ICOSL-/- béta2m-/-. Ces souris sont dépourvues de lymphocytes T-CD8+ et développent une neuromyopathie. Cette déviation de l'auto-immunité est liée à l'interaction entre les LT et les lymphocytes B via le signal ICOS/ICOSL. Nous avons prouvé via des expériences de transfert et de chimères que l'absence de signal ICOS/ICOSL entre les lymphocytes T et les lymphocytes B oriente l'auto-immunité vers le système nerveux périphérique et le muscle strié. Enfin, l'analyse du spectre de spécificité des anticorps présent chez la souris ICOSL-/- par western blot puis par spectrométrie de masse a précisé les cibles antigéniques de la myopathie. L'invalidation de la voie ICOS/ICOSL conduit donc à une déviation de l'auto-immunité du pancréas vers le muscle et le système nerveux périphérique. Ces données prouvent que la voie ICOS/ICOSL est indispensable à l'initiation du diabète, mais aussi au contrôle de l'auto-immunité
11
Gale, Emma Jane. "The hydrodynamics of intermittently closing and opening lakes and lagoons." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0025.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] Coastal lagoons play an important role in the transport of materials between the coastal zone and the ocean. Understanding the dynamics associated with the movement of waters between and within these systems is therefore significant in defining the ecological health of the system. An important sub category of lagoons is Intermittently Closing and Opening Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs). These systems lack any significant river inflow; have a restricted sill type inlet and experience intermittent exchange with the ocean, making them susceptible to the retention of nutrients and pollutants from the catchment. The duration and frequency of an opening event may vary from weeks to months between each ICOLL, and inter and intra annually, respectively, and during an opening event, there are appreciable fluctuations in water level (1-3m range) accompanied by large changes in salinity (7 30ppt) within a short timeframe (hours). . . Regardless of the processes complete oceanic flushing was still predicted for each system, by the end of their respective opening events. The modelling work successfully reproduced the spring tidal setup in water level and exchange, using real bathymetry and meteorological forcing and defined the spring tidal set-up as the key predictable process in the exchange of water and salt between the larger ICOLL and the ocean. It was also shown that strong winds had the capacity to influence the magnitude of the exchange. The overall outcomes of this research therefore include the identification of key physical processes associated with the variability of the hydrodynamics within and between ICOLLs, which will aid in the future management of these highly dynamic systems.
12
Segler, Thomas M. "Investigating the selection of example sentences for unknown target words in ICALL reading texts for L2 German." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1750.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers possible criteria for the selection of example sentences for difficult or unknown words in reading texts for students of German as a Second Language (GSL). The examples are intended to be provided within the context of an Intelligent Computer-Aided Language Learning (ICALL) Vocabulary Learning System, where students can choose among several explanation options for difficult words. Some of these options (e.g. glosses) have received a good deal of attention in the ICALL/Second Language (L2) Acquisition literature; in contrast, literature on examples has been the near exclusive province of lexicographers. The selection of examples is explored from an educational, L2 teaching point of view: the thesis is intended as a first exploration of the question of what makes an example helpful to the L2 student from the perspective of L2 teachers. An important motivation for this work is that selecting examples from a dictionary or randomly from a corpus has several drawbacks: first, the number of available dictionary examples is limited; second, the examples fail to take into account the context in which the word was encountered; and third, the rationale and precise principles behind the selection of dictionary examples is usually less than clear. Central to this thesis is the hypothesis that a random selection of example sentences from a suitable corpus can be improved by a guided selection process that takes into account characteristics of helpful examples. This is investigated by an empirical study conducted with teachers of L2 German. The teacher data show that four dimensions are significant criteria amenable to analysis: (a) reduced syntactic complexity, (b) sentence similarity, provision of (c) significant co-occurrences and (d) semantically related words. Models based on these dimensions are developed using logistic regression analysis, and evaluated through two further empirical studies with teachers and students of L2 German. The results of the teacher evaluation are encouraging: for the teacher evaluation, they indicate that, for one of the models, the top-ranked selections perform on the same level as dictionary examples. In addition, the model provides a ranking of potential examples that roughly corresponds to that of experienced teachers of L2 German. The student evaluation confirms and notably improves on the teacher evaluation in that the best-performing model of the teacher evaluation significantly outperforms both random corpus selections and dictionary examples (when a penalty for missing entries is included).
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Bourdenet, Gwladys. "Étude physiopathologique de la myopathie auto-immune des souris NOD invalidées pour la voie de costimulation ICOS/ICOSL." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR062/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les myopathies inflammatoires (MI) représentent un groupe hétérogène de maladies caractérisépar une faiblesse musculaire chronique et symétrique associée à une augmentation du taux sérique decréatine phosphokinase (CPK). Les MI sont actuellement subdivisées en 5 entitées : les dermatomyosites,les myopathies nécrosantes auto-immunes, la myosite à inclusion, la polymyosite et les myosites dechevauchement. A ce jour, le diagnostic des MI repose sur l’association de signes cliniques, decaractéristiques anatomopathologiques sur la biopsie musculaire et la présence d’auto-anticorps (aAc). Eneffet, la découverte d’aAc spécifiques et/ou associés aux myosites (MSA/MAA) a considérablementamélioré le diagnostic et le pronostic de la maladie. Cependant, un nombre non négligeable de patientsatteints de MI sont séronégatifs pour les MSA/MAA connus. Par ailleurs, la biopsie musculaire nécessaireau diagnostic est parfois guidée par imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), bien qu’il n’ait pas étéprouvé que les données d’imagerie soient corrélées aux signes histologiques. Enfin, le traitement des MIrepose sur l’utilisation d’immunosuppresseurs systémiques, une approche non spécifique de laphysiopathologie de la maladie. Les modèles animaux de MI les plus utilisés sont induits et nonspontanés : ils reposent principalement sur l’immunisation d’animaux contre des protéines telles que lamyosine, la protéine C ou l’histidyl-tRNA synthétase.Les souris NOD (non obese diabetic) sont le modèle classique d’étude du diabète de type 1.Lorsque ces souris sont invalidées pour la voie de costimulation lymphocytaire ICOS/ICOSL, les souris nedéveloppent plus de diabète mais présentent alors une atteinte musculaire. Dans ce travail, nous avonsétudié le phénotype et caractérisé l’atteinte musculaire des souris NOD Icos-/- et NOD Icosl-/-. Nous avonsainsi établi le 1er modèle murin spontané de MI, dont la physiopathologie est médiée par leslymphocytes T CD4+ et la sécrétion d’IFN-γ. Par ailleurs, ces souris présentent un déficit en lymphocytes Trégulateurs. Nous avons également identifié 4 auto-antigènes (aAg) candidats cibles d’aAc chez ces souris.La recherche des aAc correspondants aux aAg orthologues dans le sérum des patients atteints de MI apermis d’identifier, pour l’un d’entre eux, une minorité d’individus séropositifs grâce au développementd’un nouveau test ALBIA (addressable laser bead immunoassay). Il pourrait donc s’agir d’un nouveaubiomarqueur. Dans la perspective de nouvelles évaluations thérapeutiques, nous avons établi desdonnées préliminaires montrant que l’interleukine 2 à faibles doses permet de retarder l’apparition de lamaladie. Enfin, nous avons mis à profit ce modèle et démontré la corrélation entre les données généréespar IRM et par analyse histologique de l’inflammation, confortant le rôle de cette technique d’imagerie àla fois pour le diagnostic et le suivi des MIInflammatory Myopathies (IM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized bychronic and symmetrical muscle weakness associated to increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK)levels, according to entity concerned. Currently, IM are divided into 5 main entities:dematomyositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies, inclusion body myositis, polymyositisand overlap myositis. Nowadays, IM diagnosis is based on clinical signs associated to pathologicfeatures on muscle biopsy and presence of auto-antibodies (aAb). Indeed, the discovery of myositisspecific and/or associated auto-antibodies (MSA/MAA) had considerably improve disease diagnosisand prognosis. However, substantial proportion of IM patients do not display any knownMSA/MAA. Furthermore, diagnosis requires muscle biopsy. This biopsy is sometimes guided bymagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), even though correlation between MRI findings and pathologicalfeatures is not established. Lastly, therapeutics used in IM treatment are systemicimmunosuppressive agents, i.e. not specific to IM pathophysiology. Animal models of IM are mainlybased on active immunization against different proteins as myosin, C protein orhistidyl-tRNA synthetase, while spontaneous models are required to identify pathophysiologicalmechanisms that new therapeutics should target.NOD (non obese diabetic) mice are the main model of type 1 diabetes. When invalidatedfor ICOS/ICOSL costimulation pathway, these mice do not develop diabetes but present musculardisorders. In this work, we study Icos-/- and Icosl-/- NOD mice phenotype and characterize theremuscle lesion. Thus, we have established this model as the first paradigm of IM. Pathophysiologicalstudy in these mice demonstrated that disease is CD4+ T cell dependent and associated to IFN-γproduction. Furthermore, we shown a quantitative defect in regulatory T cells. We have alsoidentified 4 candidate autoantigens (aAg) in Icos-/- and Icosl-/- NOD mice. Searching forcorresponding aAb against ortholog proteins in patients with IM, we identified for one of them, alow percentage of seropositive individuals using a new ALBIA (addressable laser beadimmunoassay). It could be identified as a new biomarker. In order to evaluate new therapies, weestablished preliminary data showing that low dose interleukin 2 therapy allow to delay diseaseonset. Lastly, we took advantage of this new model to demonstrate the correlation betweenMRI findings and histological inflammation features, confirming the valuable role of MRI for thediagnosis and monitoring of IM
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Lownik, Joseph C. "The Role of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in Humoral and Type 2 Immunity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5680.
Full textAbstract:
The proper regulation of inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) have been shown to be essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. Loss of either protein results in defective humoral immunity, and overexpression of ICOS results in aberrant antibody production resembling lupus. How ICOSL is regulated in response to ICOS interaction is still unclear. We demonstrate that ADAM10 is the primary physiological sheddase of ICOSL in both mouse and human. Using an in vivo system in which ADAM10 is deleted only on B cells (ADAM10B-/-), elevated levels of ICOSL were seen. This increase is also seen when ADAM10 is deleted from human B cell lines. Identification of the primary sheddase has allowed the characterization of a novel mechanism of ICOS regulation. In wildtype (WT) mice, interaction of ICOSL/ICOS results in ADAM10 induced shedding of ICOSL on B cells and moderate ICOS internalization on T cells. When this shedding is blocked, excessive ICOS internalization occurs. This results in severe defects in T follicular helper (TFH) development and Th2 polarization, seen in a house dust mite exposure model. In addition, enhanced Th1 and Th1 immune responses are seen in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Blockade of ICOSL rescues T cell ICOS surface expression and at least partially rescues both TFH numbers and the abnormal antibody production previously reported in these mice. Overall, we propose a novel regulation of the ICOS:ICOSL axis, with ADAM10 playing a direct role in regulating ICOSL as well as indirectly regulating ICOS, thus controlling ICOS:ICOSL-dependent responses.
Additionally, we report a specific role for the metalloprotease ADAM10 on B cells in regulating both ICOSL and ICOS in a mouse model of increased humoral immunity using mir146a-/- mice and a model of lymphoproliferative disease using the well characterized lpr model. B6lpr mice lacking ADAM10 on B cells (A10Blpr) have decreased nodal proliferation and T cell accumulation compared to control B6lpr mice. Additionally, A10Blpr mice have a drastic reduction in autoimmune anti-dsDNA antibody production. In line with this, we found a significant reduction in follicular helper T cells (TFH) and germinal center (GC) B cells in these mice. We also show that lymphoproliferation in this model is closely tied to elevated ICOS levels and decreased ICOSL levels. Overall, our data not only shows a role of B cell ADAM10 in controlling autoimmunity, but also increases our understanding of the regulation of ICOS and ICOSL in the context of autoimmunity.
Additionally, we found that ADAM17 is important for marginal zone (MZ) B cell development as well as responses to T-independent type 2 (TI2) immunizations. Mice which lack ADAM17 on B cells (A17B) have decreased MZ B cell numbers but have increased levels of antigen specific antibodies in response to TI2 Immunizations. ADAM17 also regulates the level of several surface molecules on plasma cells and MZ B cells necessary for their function and survival.
We also show a role for ADAM17 in ILC2 responsiveness to IL-33. In vivo, mice that lack ADAM17 specifically on ILC2s (ADAM17ILC2-/-) exhibit decreased ILC2 expansion in response to intranasal IL-33 as well as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) infection. However, ADAM17ILC2-/- mice have normal ILC2 numbers in a naïve state, suggesting this defect in ILC2 function is limited to cell activation. In vitro, ADAM17 inhibited ILC2s have an increased level of apoptosis and less IL-13 production in response to IL-33 compared to vehicle treated ILC2s. The defect in cytokine production following ADAM17 inhibition is not observed in response to IL-25 stimulation, suggesting this defect is limited to IL-33 stimulation Mechanistically, ADAM17 inhibition in ILC2s specifically causes a defect in IL-33 mediated ERK activation, potentially explaining the defective survival and IL-13 production following ADAM17 inhibition in these cells. Additionally, ADAM17 regulates the level of surface IL1R2 which may affect IL-33 signaling in ILC2s.
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Iqbal, Ali. "Probability of Failure for Concrete Gravity Dams for Sliding Failure - Proposal to solution for the eleventh ICOLD Benchmark workshop." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100538.
Full textAbstract:
Safety of dams can be evaluated based on the risk analysis methodologies that accounts for estimation of the risks associated to the dam-reservoir system. For this purpose it is important to estimate the probability of load events and probability of failure for several failure modes. The following thesis emphasises on estimation of the probability of one specific failure mode, i.e. “sliding failure” for a concrete gravity dam. The main idea behind this thesis was to analyse the estimation of the probability of sliding failure of an existing dam by obtaining the relationships among the different load events, factors of safety associated to those events and the probability of failure estimated using numerical simulation techniques together with different reliability methods. The analysed dam is taken from theme C of the eleventh ICOLD Benchmark workshop on numerical analysis of dams. The thesis covers the methodology for estimating the probability of failure of a given concrete gravity dam with five water levels, considering the sliding failure mode along the dam-foundation interface along with the estimation of factors of safety for each water level and with two different drainage conditions. First order second moment Taylor’s Series Approximation is being used as Level 2 reliability method and Monte Carlo simulation as Level 3 reliability method to estimate the probability of failure against sliding of the dam. Conclusions are drawn in the end by comparing the results obtained from factor of safety estimation and probability of failure for each water level and drainage condition, followed by suggestions for further research in the context of sliding stability of concrete dams.
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Prevot, Nicolas. "Le rôle de la voie de costimulation ICOS/ICOSL dans le développement du diabète de type 1 chez la souris NOD." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T005.
Full textAbstract:
Les voies de costimulation, en modulant la réponse immune, jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement des maladies auto-immunes telles que le diabète de type 1. Nous avons démontré via l'étude de souris NOD invalidées pour les gènes Icos ou Icosl que la voie de costimulation ICOS/ICOSL est indispensable à l'initiation de la rupture de tolérance vis-à-vis des cellules β. En outre, l'étude de souris NOD ICOS KO BDC2. 5 a démontré que la voie de costimulation est aussi impliquée dans le contrôle de la réponse auto-immune. Sa modulation reste cependant un exercice dangereux pour l'organisme puisque les souris NOD ICOS KO ou ICOSL CO, bien que protégées du diabète de type 1, développent à la place une neuropathie périphérique spontanée. Avant de tester le potentiel thérapeutique de la voie ICOS/ICOSL chez l'homme, il est donc nécessaire d'identifier les mécanismes responsables de cette déviationCostimulatory pathways, by modulating the immune response, play a key role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. We studied NOD mice in which Icos and Icosl genes were deleted. We demonstrated that the ICOS/ICOSL costimulation pathway is essential to tolerance rupture directed against β-cells Moreover, study of BDC2. 5 ICOS KO NOD mice demonstrated that the costimulatory pathway is also involved in the control of the autoimmune response. Nevertheless, its modulation remains a dangerous exercise. ICOS KO or ICOSL KO NOD mice, while remained protected from type 1 diabetes, developed instead of a spontaneous peripheral neuropathy. Study and understand the mechanisms leading to these protection and deviation is critical| before testing the therapeutic potential of the ICOS/ICOSL costimulation pathway in human]
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Dongala, Abrão Macandi. "Projeto de biodigestor para geração de bioenergia em sistema de produção de suínos: um estudo de caso da região de Icolo e Bengo - Angola." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2509.
Full textAbstract:
A tecnologia da biodigestão anaeróbia tem sido comprovada como uma das mais eficientes no tratamento dos dejetos de suínos, esta tecnologia, encontra-se num crescimento tímido em Angola facilitando assim uma poluição maior dos Rios, solos e o ar atmosférico, por falta de tratamento adequado da biomassa produzida por milhares de suínos existentes neste País. O emprego do biogás como fonte de energia para o funcionamento dos equipamentos ainda encontra limitações de ordem tecnológica e por falta de informação, organização e em muitos casos apoios tecnológicos e de instituições governamentais ou Não Governamentais. Este trabalho avaliou a viabilidade técnica, na implantação de Biodigestores na Região de Icolo Bengo em Angola. Foi estudada a implantação de Biodigestores, Modelo Indiano, na fazenda Menga assim como o potencial de geração de energia elétrica existente na produção de Biogás. O tratamento anaeróbio dos resíduos de Suínos como fonte renovável de energia, dentro de um conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável e de racionalização da produção sem agressão ao Meio-Ambiente também são referenciados mostrando que esta tecnologia pode ser apropriada como estratégia de conservação e uso eficiente da energia elétrica que é muito escasso em Angola. O emprego da biodigestão anaeróbia neste caso é possível e desejável, uma vez que contribui para preservação do Meio Ambiente, viabiliza os modernos sistemas de confinamento e reduz o custo da produção assim como ajuda na produção de energia elétrica e de fertilizantes. Um sistema integrado foi proposto e será aplicado na Fazenda Menga, como um dos projetos pioneiros em Angola.The technology of anaerobic digestion has been proven as one of the most effective in the treatment of pig slurry, In Angola this technology is growing in a shy, so faculties a greater pollution of rivers, soil and atmospheric air for lack of adequate treatment of biomass produced by thousands of pigs in this country. The uses of biogas as an energy source for the operation of the equipment still meets the technological, and for lack of information, organization and often support technological and governmental institutions or NGOs. This study evaluated the technical feasibility, for implementation of the Biodigestors in Icolo-Bengo in Angola. We studied the implementation of Biodigestors, Indian Model, at Menga farm as well as potentially generating power existing in the production of biogas. The anaerobic treatment of swine waste as a renewable source of energy, within the concept of sustainable development and rationalization of production without aggression to the Environment are also referred to showing that this technology may be appropriate as conservation and energy efficiency electricity that is not much in this country. The use of anaerobic digestion in this case is possible and desirable, as it contributes to preservation of the environment, makes possible the modern systems of containment and reduces the cost of production as well as help in the production of electricity and fertilizers. An integrated system was proposed and will be implemented at the Menga farm, as one of the pioneer projects in Angola.
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Quixal, Martínez Martí. "Language learning tasks ans automatic analysis of learner language : connecting FLTL and NPL in the design of ICALL materials supporting effective use in real-life instruction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104481.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigación se encuentra en la encrucijada entre el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural y el Aprendizaje y Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras y, en concreto, dentro del área denominada Aprendizaje de Lenguas Asistido por Ordenador con Inteliencia Artificial (en inglés, Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Learning, abreviado ICALL).
Nuestra investigación se centra en el diseño, la implemenación en entornos reales de materiales de ICALL para proveer a los estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras, y especialmente de inglés, de materiales que incorporen funcionalidades de corrección y evaluación automáticas de las respuestas.
En esta tesis defendemos que, para que la integración de materiales de ICALL sea
exitosa, hay que tener en cuenta por igual los requisitos pedagógicos y los computacionales
ya en la fase de diseño de los materiales. Nuestros objetivos principales son dos.
Por un lado, queremos integrar en el proceso de diseño de materiales tanto los principios
fundamentales de la Adquisición de Segundas Lenguas y el Aprendizaje y Enseñanza de
Lenguas Extranjeras como los principios fundamentales del modelado lingüístico. Por otro
lado, queremos facilitar la integración o de los materiales de ICALL en contextos de instrucción
reales, en contraste con los contextos de instrucción de investigación o de laboratorio, para
capacitar a los docentes con la metodología y la tecnología necesarias para que puedan
crear materiales de ICALL autónomamente.
Para conseguir el primer objetivo, proponemos un proceso de diseño de materiales
de ICALL que combina los principios básicos de la Enseñanza de Lenguas basado en
Tareas y el Diseño de Tests basado en Tareas con el tipo de especificaciones requeridas
por las herramientas de Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural. Exploramos la relación entre los requisitos pedagógicos y computacionales desde tres puntos de vista: (i) las características formales de las actividades para el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras, (ii) la complejidad y la variabilidad de la lengua de los estudiantes, y (iii) la viabilidad de aplicar técnicas computacionales para el análisis y evaluación automáticas de las
respuestas.
Para lograr el segundo objetivo, proponemos una estrategia de evaluación automática
que permite a los y las docentes adaptar los recursos lingüísticos computacionales necesarios
para corregir automáticamente las actividades de ICALL sin la necesidad de aprender
a programar. Para probar la viabilidad de la propuesta presentamos un experimento en
que la aplicamos y la evaluamos en entornos de aprendizaje reales con docentes y aprendices
de educación secundaria.
Con esta tesis hacemos una contribuciones metodológicas y empíricas en el campo del ICALL,
con una aproximación innovadora en el diseño de materiales que pone énfasis en la
naturaleza multidisciplinar e iterativa del proceso. Los resultados que presentamos revelan
el potencial de la caracteritzación de tareas de aprendizaje conjugando la perspectiva
el Aprendizaje y Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras y la de la Lingüística Computacional
como un instrumento clave para describir formalmente las actividades de aprendizaje.
Esta caracteritzación permite identificar los materiales de ICALL que sean
a la vez pedagógicamente relevantes y computacionalmente viables.
Los resultados demuestran que con la estrategia propuesta los y las docentes pueden
caracterizar, crear y utilizar materiales de ICALL dentro de su programa de instrucción,
y que el software computacional subyacente proporciona el procesamiento automático requerido con una calidad aceptable para el uso en contextos de instrucción reales. El
software y la metodología propuestos resultan cruciales para la investigación y la práctica
del ICALL: los docentes son capaces de diseñar actividades para los estudiantes sin
depender de un experto en Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural. Finalmente, los resultados
también demuestran que los y las docentes valoran la experimentación muy positivamente
en la medida en que les permite integrar nuevas tecnologías en el aula, al tiempo les permite
comprender mejor la naturaleza de su tarea docente. Adem'as, los resultados
demuestran que los estudiantes se sienten motivados por el hecho de poder utilizar una
tecnología que permite una evaluación inmediata y personalizada de su actividad
de aprendizaje.
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Faget, Julien. "Les lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs dans le cancer du sein, recrutement, enrichissement par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et impact de l'axe de co-stimulation ICOS/ICOSL." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981636.
Full textAbstract:
Le cancer du sein représente un problème de santé publique. Les efforts déployés pour définir de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ont mis en lumière les mécanismes développés par la tumeur pour inhiber l'instauration d'une réponse immune adaptative efficace. La tumeur favorise la mise en place d'une immunosubversion, caractériisée par la fort infiltration d'une sous-population de lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs (Treg). Les Treg jouent un rôle central dans les mécanismes de contrôle de réactions pro-inflammatoires et protègent contre le développement de pathologies auto-immunes. Nous avons observé que le Treg sont recrutés spécéfiquement dans l'environnement tumoral via l'axe de chimiotactisme CCR4/CCL22 suite à la détetion des cellules transformées par les NK et les macrophages. D'autre part, plusieurs publications récentes démontrent un rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes (pDC) dans l'indcution de Treg chez l'homme et la souris. Nos observations montrent que des facteurs solubles sécrétés dans l'environnement tumoral inhibent la fonction clef des pDC, ce qui favorise fortement leur capacité à induire l'expansion de Treg et de T CD4 prodcuteur d'IL-10. Ces cellules T immunosuppressives expriment fortement le récepteur de co-simulation ICOS, prolifèrent in situ, exercent un important pouvoir supresseur sur les autres popuylations T et leur présence est associées à un impact péjoratif sur la survie des patientes. Par l'utilisation de l'Ac bloquant anti-COS 314.8 nous avons démontré le rôle essentiel d'ICOS dans la prolifération des Treg et l'induction de T CD4 sécréteurs d'IL-10 par les pDC dasn les tumeurs, offrant la perspective d'une nouvelle immunothérapie visant à éradqiuer les Treg intra-tumoraux.
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Faget, Julien. "Les lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs dans le cancer du sein, recrutement, enrichissement par les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes et impact de l’axe de co-stimulation ICOS/ICOSL." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10310/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le cancer du sein représente un problème de santé publique. Les efforts déployés pour définir de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques ont mis en lumière les mécanismes développés par la tumeur pour inhiber l'instauration d'une réponse immune adaptative efficace. La tumeur favorise la mise en place d'une immunosubversion, caractériisée par la fort infiltration d'une sous-population de lymphocytes T CD4 régulateurs (Treg). Les Treg jouent un rôle central dans les mécanismes de contrôle de réactions pro-inflammatoires et protègent contre le développement de pathologies auto-immunes. Nous avons observé que le Treg sont recrutés spécéfiquement dans l'environnement tumoral via l'axe de chimiotactisme CCR4/CCL22 suite à la détetion des cellules transformées par les NK et les macrophages. D'autre part, plusieurs publications récentes démontrent un rôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes (pDC) dans l'indcution de Treg chez l'homme et la souris. Nos observations montrent que des facteurs solubles sécrétés dans l'environnement tumoral inhibent la fonction clef des pDC, ce qui favorise fortement leur capacité à induire l'expansion de Treg et de T CD4 prodcuteur d'IL-10. Ces cellules T immunosuppressives expriment fortement le récepteur de co-simulation ICOS, prolifèrent in situ, exercent un important pouvoir supresseur sur les autres popuylations T et leur présence est associées à un impact péjoratif sur la survie des patientes. Par l'utilisation de l'Ac bloquant anti-COS 314.8 nous avons démontré le rôle essentiel d'ICOS dans la prolifération des Treg et l'induction de T CD4 sécréteurs d'IL-10 par les pDC dasn les tumeurs, offrant la perspective d'une nouvelle immunothérapie visant à éradqiuer les Treg intra-tumorauxTumor immunosbversion favors disease progression and is mediated by increased IL-10 secretion, reduced type-I IFN production and regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation among CD4+ T cell in breast tumor. We showed that the presence of high number of both Treg and/or plasmacytoid DC (pDC) a subpopulation of antigen presenting celles correlates with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma. We previoously demonstrated that CCR4+ Treg are recruited from the periphery trough CCL22 production by breast tumor cells. Tumor-asssociated Treg (Ta-Treg) are highly activated (GITRhighHDLA-DRhighCD39high), show a selective expression of high levels of ICOS and proliferate in situ (Ki-67+). Tumor associated (Ta-) pDC express a partially activated phenotype but their type-1 interferon (IFN) production is strongly impaired in human tumors. pDc secretion of type-I IFN is linked to their capacity to induce anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity in mice models. We shown that 1) Ta-Treg and Ta-pDC colocalize in breast tumor section and 2) TapDC favor Ta-Treg proliferation and IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells in absence of type-I IFN. Ogf importance, targeting ICOS with a neutralizing antibody suppresses Ta-Treg proliferation as well as IL-10 secretion inpDC/CD4+ T cell co-culture, demonstrationg a riole of ICOS-ICOS-L interaction in Ta-Treg proliferation mediated by Ta-pDC. At the end, we report that high ICOS expression in breast tumor sections is associated with reduced patient's overall and disease free survival. Altogether these observations suggest that ICOS in breat cancer may represent a therapeutic target to restore anti-tumor immunity
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Cimatti, Martina. "Identificazione e mappatura di "Suoli Nudi" attraverso immagini tele-rilevate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20623/.
Full textAbstract:
La popolazione e la domanda di cibo ed energia sono destinate a raddoppiare entro il 2050 con conseguente crescita competitiva tra le risorse. Inoltre, dove viene praticata la rotazione agronomica i suoli permangono improduttivi in determinati periodi causando lisciviazione dei nutrienti, erosione ed accelerazione del consumo di materia organica. I dati telerilevati sono cruciali per l'agricoltura di precisione (droni) e per la caratterizzazione e il monitoraggio del suolo (satelliti) al fine di aumentarne la resa, la sostenibilità e limitarne il degrado. Sebbene sia nota la presenza temporanea di "suolo nudo" (SN) entro la superficie agricola utilizzata (SAU), non esistono studi atti a fornire un quadro regionale dedicato da sollevare la problematica. Questa tesi mira a mappare i SN in determinati periodi dell'anno tramite immagini satellitari definendone l'estensione areale e temporale. Inoltre, è stato proposto uno scenario per l’ottimizzazione della produzione di biomassa energetica, con colture no food. La metodologia applicata prevede l’elaborazione di immagini Sentinel-2 con risoluzione spaziale al suolo di 20 m acquisite nel 2017. Le immagini, pre-processate con SIAM™, sono state elaborate su QGIS e convalidate tramite ground truth fornite da Agrea. I risultati mostrano che circa il 15% della SAU è in condizioni di SN in marzo-giugno e luglio-ottobre. A livello dimensionale, il 30% dei SN ha dimensioni superficiali superiori a 3 ha sufficienti da giustificarne lo sfruttamento agronomico. Nello scenario in cui il sorgo da biomassa è coltivato da marzo a giugno e da luglio a ottobre, potrebbe essere prodotta una quantità totale di energia pari al 20% dei consumi regionali del settore trasporti attuali. Questo studio ha proposto una procedura per mappare i SN, ha suggerito e quantificato i benefici di un potenziale sfruttamento e ha posto le basi per nuove politiche agricole in grado di avviare percorsi a breve termine per la riduzione delle emissioni di CO2
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Eriksson, Sabina. "Studies of peripheral tolerance in AIRE deficient mice." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Molekylär genetik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69269.
Full textAbstract:
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1(APS I) is a monogenic autosomal recessive autoimmune disorder which is the result of mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Symptoms of the disease include circulation of multiple organ specific autoantibodies, which leads to the breakdown of several tissues, including the adrenal cortex and the parathyroid glands. The patients also develop a number of non-endocrine disorders. This study has investigated the peripheral tolerance mechanisms controlled by the AIRE gene in Aire deficient mice, an animal model of the disease. The B cell Activating Factor (BAFF), which is a cytokine involved in B cell survival and growth, is elevated in Aire-/- mice, resulting in an increased release of autoantibodies and B cell proliferation. Therefore the BAFF level differences between TCR-/- and B6 mice was studied, and the results showed significantly higher levels of BAFF in TCR-/- mice. This is not in accordance with earlier studies. ICOS and ICOSL are involved in the activation of follicular T helper cells. The expression of ICOSL on different subpopulations of DC from mice was studied to evaluate the possible influence of AIRE expression on the T cells in the spleen. The results showed that ICOSL is significantly higher expressed in peripheral 33D1+ DCs in Aire-/- mice, showing that AIRE has a role in the over-activation of the follicular T helper cells, which can lead to autoantibody production and inflammation. These results show that AIRE is involved in peripheral tolerance.
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Amaral, Luiz A. "Designing intelligent language tutoring systems for integration into foreign language instruction." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1179979688.
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Quixal, Martí [Verfasser], and Walt Detmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Meurers. "Language Learning Tasks and Automatic Analysis of Learner Language : Connecting FLTL and NLP design of ICALL materials supporting use in real-life instruction / Martí Quixal ; Betreuer: Walt Detmar Meurers." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1163664774/34.
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Morsiani, Tommaso. "Mappatura e potenziale valorizzazione di biomasse residuali agricole nel Nord-Italia con approfondimento in regione Emilia-Romagna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19486/.
Full textAbstract:
Il recupero e l’utilizzo delle biomasse residuali agricole rappresenta una valida alternativa all’impiego dei combustibili fossili. Questo elaborato stima, mappa ed analizza la disponibilità di potenziale biomassa residuale fresca derivante da questo settore nel Nord-Italia, in Emilia-Romagna ed in Provincia di Ravenna, nell’ottica di una possibile valorizzazione utilizzando tre banche dati esistenti: Land Use, IColt ed AGREA.
Il risultato è stato stimato utilizzando la superficie coltivata (ettari), le rese produttive (t/ha) e calcolando il quantitativo di residuo prodotto dalla coltura principale.
Le mappature sono state create ed elaborate in ambiente GIS mediante griglie 10*10km (Nord-Italia), 5*5km (Emilia-Romagna) e fogli catastali (Provincia di Ravenna).
L’elaborazione dei dati evidenzia che le quantità di potenziale biomassa residuale fresca ammontano a: i) 1700000 ± 850000 t/anno per tutto il Nord-Italia utilizzando la banca dati Land Use; ii) 500000 ± 230000 t/anno per l’Emilia-Romagna utilizzando la medesima banca dati; iii) 1300000 ± 340000 t/anno nella medesima Regione avvalendosi della banca dati Icolt; iv) 750000 ± 80000 t/anno nella Provincia di Ravenna calcolati dalla banca dati AGREA.
Nel complesso si evidenzia che l’intero territorio del Nord-Italia, comprensivo dei risultati ottenuti in Regione e Provincia, possiede un grande potenziale residuale derivante dall’agricoltura e che la valutazione di tale biomassa stabilisce le condizioni per l'avvio di possibili studi futuri, a macro o micro-scala territoriale, per una possibile valorizzazione energetica o per la produzione di biogas e/o biometano in funzione della biomassa residuale analizzata.
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Rothaug, Winfried [Verfasser]. "Effekt von Estramustin und Etoposid in Kombination mit dem synthetisch entwickelten Matrix-Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor ICOL-51 auf das Wachstum des Dunning-Tumors in vivo und in vitro / Winfried Rothaug." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022824791/34.
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Bailey, Stacey M. "Content Assessment in Intelligent Computer-aided Language Learning: Meaning Error Diagnosis for English as a Second Language." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1204556485.
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Al-Liabi, Majda Majeed. "Computational support for learners of Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/computational-support-for-learners-of-arabic(abd20b76-3ba2-4e11-8aa5-459ec6d8d7d2).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis documents the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and its contribution to the learning experience of students studying Arabic as a foreign language. The goal of this project is to build an Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (ICALL) system that provides computational assistance to learners of Arabic by teaching grammar, producing homework and issuing students with immediate feedback. To produce this system we use the Parasite system, which produces morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis of textual input, and extend it to provide error detection and diagnosis. The methodology we adopt involves relaxing constraints on unification so that correct information contained in a badly formed sentence may still be used to obtain a coherent overall analysis. We look at a range of errors, drawn from experience with learners at various levels, covering word internal problems (addition of inappropriate affixes, failure to apply morphotactic rules properly) and problems with relations between words (local constraints on features, and word order problems). As feedback is an important factor in learning, we look into different types of feedback that can be used to evaluate which is the most appropriate for the aim of our system.
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Norman, Renee. "House of mirrors : performing autobiograph(icall)y in language/education." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11984.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation, a textual House of Mirrors, examines
autobiography in/as re-search through performance and
reflection. Utilizing the leitmotif of the mirror, I invite
readers through entranceways, passages and spaces that optically
reflect and refract the writer, the reader, the text. My
autobiographical writing herein is an artistic performance,
enacted as I simultaneously speculate (about)
autobiograph(icall)y. This autobiographical performance is
presented through poetry, personal essays and stories, theoropoetic
ruminations on the literature and theory and journal
entries that record the journey.
In this dissertation, I ask: How can we consider
autobiography in/as re-search? How does women's writing
contribute to autobiography in/as re-search? Mirroring these
questions, I consider the themes of writing, mothering,
teaching, by examining my self/selves as writer, m(other),
teacher, scholar, Jew, in the context of many textual and living
others. However, this work is more than a self-examination. This
House of Mirrors is peopled with many women's lives and words,
a deliberate gesture to bring others to my life and work: Doris
Lessing, Hannah Arendt, Jill Ker Conway.... I also explore some
of the vast and rich theoretical writing on autobiography, such
as the work of Leigh Gilmore and Janet Varner Gunn,
inter-textually interspersing this theory among the mirrors of my own and other women's autobiographical writing, so that the text
works reflexively and disruptively in the manner of Andre Gide's
mise-en-abyme, the mirror-within-a-mirror-within-a-mirror. In an
effort to apply the re-search to schools, I demonstrate how some
specific strategies for autobiography in education might be
employed in the classroom. This interdisciplinary approach draws
upon the zones of feminist thought, post-structuralism, literary
criticism, language education and the hermeneutics of
interpretive inquiry.
Autobiographical writing as a re-search method assists us
in making sense of experience and memory, life and text, self
and others. Writing and thinking of our place in the world is a
necessary and vital process, part of living in, and in Hannah
Arendt's terms, loving, the world.
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Kieras, Elizabeth. "Functional significance of the interaction between inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL)." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14649.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND
Inducible costimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) are a pair of costimulatory molecules that co-localize in germinal centers (GC). This interaction is critical for the maturation of GC B cells to affinity-matured memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. Both ICOS and ICOSL are implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is known that ICOSL sheds from the cell membrane and that the soluble form of ICOSL (sICOSL) is elevated in SLE; though the function of sICOSL is poorly understood. While it is known that binding of ICOSL on antigen-presenting cells (APC) to ICOS on T cells leads to cell signaling resulting in T cell activation and differentiation, there is also some preliminary evidence that reverse signaling may also occur through ICOSL in APCs. The binding interaction between ICOS and sICOSL has not been fully characterized and is important to understand if either molecule is to be targeted therapeutically. The hypothesis evaluated in this study was that the ICOS: ICOSL interaction is a potent and critical mediator of proinflammatory signaling and immune activation that functions both via activated T cell-mediated forward signaling and APC-mediated reverse signaling mechanisms and that ectodomain shedding of ICOSL is a protective mechanism that leads to down-regulation of the proinflammatorysignaling cascade initiated by this interaction. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the binding interaction between ICOS and ICOSL and to provide a review of the literature and discuss future work that would enhance the biological understanding of this interaction and its role in lupus and other autoimmune diseases.
METHODS
The binding interaction between ICOS and ICOSL was characterized using both soluble proteins and cells with expressed recombinant proteins. Purified soluble ICOSL (sICOSL) was characterized using size-exclusion chromatography multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to measure the binding affinity between sICOSL and human ICOS fused to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of an immunoglobulin molecule (hICOS.Fc). The binding interaction was further characterized to account for avidity between hICOS.Fc and sICOSL and between hICOS.Fc and ICOSL expressed recombinant on the cell surface using a solution-based binding method.
RESULTS
Expressed recombinant and purified sICOSL dimerized over time and with increasing temperatures. The sICOSL: hICOS.Fc interaction did not follow a typical 1:1 binding interaction. In-solution binding experiments resulted in a tighter equilibrium dissociation binding constant (KD) than the surface-based results obtained by SPR. The KD for hICOS.Fc binding to human ICOSL(hICOSL) expressed on cells agreed well with the KD for hICOS.Fc to the soluble protein, indicating that the in-solution binding measurement may measure binding avidity rather than affinity and that this may be the more physiologically relevant interaction.
CONCLUSIONS
I show in the experimental part of this study that the interaction between ICOS and ICOSL is quite potent and that much of the binding strength is due to avidity, or the combined strength of multiple parts of the molecules interacting with one another, rather than the affinity alone. As this interaction is implicated in SLE pathogenesis, it would be useful to develop a clearer understanding of the most relevant physiological form of these molecules (soluble or transmembrane) and of the biological signaling events that are initiated via this interaction in order to determine whether targeting ICOS or ICOSL may be therapeutically viable approaches.
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Paxe, Abel Marcelino Vieira. "Dinâmicas de resiliência social nos discursos e práticas tokoístas no Icolo e Bengo." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3478.
Full textAbstract:
Esta Dissertação pretende ser uma contribuição para o estudo da problemática da
construção de uma identidade nacional/territorial integrada em Angola. Tem como
objecto o modo como certas crenças e práticas religiosas, no Icolo e Bengo, estiveram
relacionadas com determinadas “estratégias de sobrevivência” face ao projecto político
de produção de identidades sociais integradas. Analisam-se as percepções dos prosélitos
tokoístas sobre os discursos e práticas resultantes das políticas religiosas do
MPLA/Estado, assim como os “expedientes de sobrevivência” de prosélitos tokoístas
locais, certas dinâmicas de capital social sustentadas pelas tribos e classes da mesma
igreja. O estudo sugere que, os prosélitos tokoístas no Icolo e Bengo mantiveram uma
significativa capacidade de auto-regulação, não obstante os constrangimentos derivados de
determinadas políticas religiosas adoptadas pelo MPLA/Estado. O trabalho de campo foi
feito entre Abril e Julho de 2008, e envolveu prosélitos tokoístas que residem em Icolo e Bengo, alguns anciãos e conselheiros da Igreja central de Luanda, e algumas pessoas
que não sendo prosélitos, são no entanto conhecedoras da problemática em análise.This dissertation seeks to be a contribution for the study of the construction of an integrated national/territorial identity in Angola problematic. The object of the study is to analyze the way some religious beliefs and practice, in Icolo e Bengo, was connected to the setting up of “survival strategies” due to the production of integrated social identities. The field work was carried out between April and July 2008, and targeted tokoístas followers who live in Icolo e Bengo, some anciãos e conselheiros (counselors) of Luanda Central Church, and some people – though not being followers of tokoism, are acquainted to the issues of the study. The paper will discuss issues such as: 1) the perception of tokoism followers about the discourse and practices that have resulted from MPLA /State religious policies; 2) the nurturing of “survival practices” in some tokoistas followers’deeds in Icolo e Bengo; 3) the search for elements in “tribos and classes”that may generate some dynamics of social capital. In this perspective, it shall be suggested that through religion, the tokoism followers in Icolo e Bengo kept a significant capacity of self – regulation in spite of the hindrances resulted from some religious policies adopted by MPLA / State.
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Xuechun, Yu. "Uma investigação para o desenho de materiais de aprendizagem autorregulada de PLE em nível básico no âmbito de ICALL." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/40820.
Full textAbstract:
O material da aprendizagem autorregulada para língua estrangeira (LE) é
direcionado para formar a capacidade da autonomia de aprendizagem e, atualmente, é
cada vez mais comum nas salas-de-aula. Na era digital, a técnica Intelligent Computer
Assisted Language Learning (ICALL), com a característica de corrigir erros de forma
autónoma e inteligente por computador, vai entrando no ensino de LE trazendo
facilidade e conveniência para o ensino-aprendizagem e avaliação, sendo também uma
forma de gerar autonomia de aprendizagem. Autonomia de aprendizagem refere-se à
capacidade de decisão que os aprendentes de LE têm numa situação de aprendizagem
desconhecida e que lhes permite responder pelo resultado das suas decisões no uso da
língua. Esta capacidade de adaptação à necessidade social e comunicativa está ligada
aos métodos de aprendizagem usados no ensino de LE.
O presente trabalho pretende investigar e desenhar um material da aprendizagem
autorregulada para o ensino de Português como Língua Estrangeira (PLE) no nível
básico, a fim de desenvolver a capacidade de autonomia no âmbito virtual. A
investigação pretende responder às seguintes perguntas: como se desenha um material
adequado à técnica ICALL? Como é que o material de ICALL apoia o ensinoaprendizagem
e avaliação de PLE? Como se pode aproveitar o material para formar a
autonomia e classificar os níveis de capacidade?
O presente trabalho utiliza uma metodologia qualitativa; analisam-se os modelos
de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação e aspetos relacionados com a psicologia dos
aprendentes. Posteriormente, utilizam-se como critérios adaptados à análise de sítios e
páginas web relacionadas com a aprendizagem do português, entre eles, alguns sistemas
usados nas universidades e softwares populares no mercado com a mesma finalidade.
Fazendo uma síntese das experiências de desenho, cria-se um modelo de um material
de ICALL para PLE, com os respetivos esquemas computacionais.Self-regulated material for foreign language (FL) is dedicated to build the capacity for learning autonomy and is more common in classrooms. In the digital era, Intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (ICALL), with the character of correcting errors in autonomy and an intelligent form by computer, is entering into the FL teaching, and bringing ease and convenience to teaching- learning and testing, as well as being a form to generate learning autonomy. Learning autonomy refers to the decision-making ability of FL learners, in an unfamiliar learning situation, that they enable to respond to the outcome of their language use decisions. This ability adapts to social need, and being a learning method, also used in FL teaching. The present work intends to investigate and design a self-regulated learning material for the teaching of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL) in the basic level, in order to develop the autonomy capacity in the virtual environment. The research intends to answer the following questions: how is a material suitable for the ICALL technique? How does the ICALL material support teaching-learning and PLE assessment? How can one seize the material to form autonomy and classify capacity levels? The present work uses a qualitative methodology, we analyze the models of teaching-learning-testing and aspects related to the psychology of learners. Subsequently, they are used as criterions adapted to the analysis of sites and web pages related to the learning of Portuguese, among them, some systems used in universities and popular software in the market with the same purpose, summarizes design experiences, creating a model of the material, considering the computational schemes.
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Edwards, Leslie Milton. "Factors influencing fish assemblages of intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) of the Central and Near-South Coasts of New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1042382.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs) are coastal waterbodies that have intermittent connection to the ocean due to the formation of a barrier across the entrance. Catchment development is a major cause of pollution and also a justification for artificial barrier openings, which can have an adverse effect on the flora and fauna of ICOLLs. In most cases barrier openings may not have a direct effect on the biota of ICOLLs, but they can affect the factors which may influence invertebrate faunal and fish assemblages. The overall aim of this study was to determine what factors may influence fish assemblages of Central Coast ICOLLs. In order to understand these factors the research looked at the general ecology of Central Coast ICOLLs, including their invertebrate faunal assemblages and environmental parameters that may influence them (Chapter 3). Vegetated habitats within Central Coast ICOLLs include Ruppia sp. and the algae Chara sp. and Entermorpha intestinalis that support an invertebrate fauna dominated by polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs. No single environmental variable had a major influence in structuring the invertebrate faunal assemblages at all four Central Coast ICOLLs. However, salinity was a major influencing factor at Cockrone, Avoca and Terrigal Lagoons, with percentage sediment composition a major factor at Wamberal Lagoon. Recruitment processes of larval and juvenile fishes are also presumably influenced by the status of the barrier. Larval and juvenile fishes occurring in Central Coast ICOLLs and their adjacent surf zones were identified to determine if movement of various species occurs once the barrier has been opened (Chapter 4). In this study, larval and juvenile fishes were more abundant in Central Coast ICOLLs but had lower species richness compared to their adjacent surf zones. The dominant larval and juvenile fish species found in ICOLLs included Ambassis jacksoniensis (Terrigal Lagoon), Philypnodon grandiceps (Avoca and Wamberal Lagoons) Atherinosoma microstoma (Wamberal Lagoon) and Acanthopagrus australis (Cockrone Lagoon). Hyperlophus vittatus was the dominant species collected from the adjacent surf zones. In this study there were no significant changes in larval and juvenile fish assemblages in either habitat from before to after barrier openings. Although some marine spawning species such as A. australis were present it could not be determined if these species were recruited from adjacent surf zones or from within these ICOLLs themselves. In most cases, Central Coast ICOLLs are considered to be generally self-recuiting environments, not for all species, but for many of their resident species of fish. Chapter Five determined the effects environmental parameters have on influencing fish assemblages. Fish assemblages of Central Coast ICOLLs showed low species richness, but high abundances of particular species when sampled using seine nets and multi-panel gillnets.Acanthopagrus australis (Cockrone Lagoon), Atherinosoma microstoma (Avoca and Wamberal Lagoons) and Ambassis jacksoniensis (Terrigal Lagoon) were the numerically dominant fish species collected using seine nets. Mugil cephalus was the species which was overall most frequently collected by gill netting. Fish assemblages were shown to be significantly different between Central Coast ICOLLs, and in this case were not directly influenced by barrier openings except at Wamberal Lagoon. However, Terrigal Lagoon, which had more barrier openings over the study period, compared to the other three ICOLLs, did have a higher diversity of fishes, which indicates that frequent barrier openings can influence fish assemblages. The major environmental influence on fish assemblages collected by seine nets at Cockrone and Wamberal Lagoons was salinity, and water temperature at Avoca and Terrigal Lagoons. The major environmental influence on fish assemblages collected by multi-panel gill nets at Cockrone and Avoca Lagoons was salinity, and water temperature at Terrigal Lagoon and >212 μm percentage sediment grain size at Wamberal Lagoon. Also, stochastic factors in the times and durations of barrier openings may play a large part in determining the fish assemblages that may be present at any one time in individual ICOLLs. High abundances of fish and their isolation from the ocean for long periods can result in competition for limited food resources, along with the effects that barrier openings may have on these resources not being fully understood (Chapter 6). Gut contents for each dominant species examined were similar; however each fish species had a dietary preference for a particular taxonomic group. Amphipods were the main dietary component of Acanthopagrus australis and Atherinosoma microstoma, with zooplankton being the main dietary component of Ambassis jacksoniensis. Barrier openings had a significant effect on the diets of A. australis (in Cockrone Lagoon) and A. microstoma (in Wamberal Lagoon), but not for species examined from Avoca and Terrigal Lagoons. Trace metal concentrations in sediments of Central Coast and Near-South Coast ICOLLs and gonad and liver tissues of Mugil cephalus were determined (Chapter 7). In the six ICOLLs studied, trace metal concentrations in both sediments and fish tissues were found to be relatively low and below guideline levels. Concentration levels did not differ significantly when compared between near-pristine (Termeil and Meroo Lakes), modified (Avoca and Terrigal Lagoons) and extensively-modified (Cockrone and Wamberal Lagoons) ICOLLs. Trace metal concentrations in sediments were not influenced by barrier openings. This study has shown that ICOLLs which are located geographically close to each other generally do not have similar environmental characteristics or fish assemblages which can be attributed to varying levels of development and land use activities within their individual catchments.
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Tito, Salvador Bonifácio Domingos. "O género da fábula na literatura de tradição oral angolana e portuguesa." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10025.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho tem como tema o género da fábula na literatura de tradição oral angolana e portuguesa: o caso de Icolo e Bengo e Bragança. Os corpora para a elaboração desta pesquisa dissertativa foram recolhidos a partir de dois ensaios, primeiro sendo o Estudo da fábula Ambundu (para a fábula de tradição oral de Icolo e Bengo) e o segundo, Património imaterial do Douro – narrações orais (para a fábula de tradição oral de Bragança). No entanto, para que houvesse um maior aprofundamento na análise dissertativa do corpus, achou-se conveniente restringir este a doze fábulas de tradição oral para cada literatura, o que totalizou vinte e quatro fábulas.
O propósito fulcral deste estudo dissertativo foi cotejar as fábulas da literatura oral de Icolo e Bengo e de Bragança. Para que isso ocorresse, utilizou-se o método comparativo, limitando-se as teorias estrutural e semiótico-contextual, que facultou a realização do cotejo a nível estrutural e semiótico destas narrativas, destacando-se os aspetos semelhantes e dissemelhantes entre as fábulas de tradição oral de ambas as literaturas e contextualizando-as nas culturas de Icolo e Bengo e de Bragança.
A dissertação está estruturada em quatro capítulos. O primeiro e o segundo tratam dos aspetos teóricos. Nesta parte, tecem-se considerações sobre o conceito de literatura, a noção de literatura oral, a questão dos géneros desta literatura bem como a morfologia da fábula de tradição oral. O terceiro e o quarto capítulos tratam dos aspetos analíticos propriamente dito, aquele a nível estrutural, e este a nível semiótico, sempre numa base comparativista.
Do ponto de vista estrutural, analisa-se a forma como as fábulas de tradição oral de Icolo e Bengo e de Bragança são ordenadas segundo a lógica das ações, as particularidades das personagens, as coordenadas cronotópicas e a sintaxe categorial, segundo esquemas sequenciais e actanciais de Greimas. Já no domínio da semiótica da narrativa presta-se atenção à relação entre o texto e o contexto, analisando-se de forma criteriosa a macroestrutura, a referencialização e a intencionalidade, a fim de que se compreenda a estrutura significativa, mais ampla, subjacente à fábula de tradição oral das duas literaturas.
Acredita-se que os dados aqui analisados podem ser úteis para o desenvolvimento de mais estudos sobre as narrativas de tradição oral em Angola e em Portugal, e para uma maior valorização dessas fábulas.The present work has as theme the genre of the fable in Angolan and Portuguese oral tradition literature: the case of Icolo and Bengo and Bragança. The corpora for the elaboration of this dissertative research were collected from two essays, first the study of the fable Ambundu (for the Icolo and Bengo oral tradition fable) and the second, Douro immaterial Heritage - oral narratives (for the Bragança oral tradition fable). However, in order to deepen the analysis of the corpus, it was convenient to restrict the dissertation into twelve oral tradition fables for each literature, which totaled twenty-four fables. The main purpose of this dissertation was to compare the Icolo and Bengo and Bragança oral literature fables. For that, it was used the comparative method, limiting itself to the structural and semiotic-contextual theory, which allowed the accomplishment of the structural and semiotic comparison of these narratives, highlighting the similar and dissimilar aspects between the oral tradition fables presentation of both literatures and contextualizing them in the cultures of Icolo and Bengo and Bragança. The dissertation is structured in four chapters. The first and second deal with the theoretical aspects. In this part, we consider the concept of literature, the notion of oral literature, the question of the genders of this literature as well as the morphology of the oral tradition fable. The third and fourth chapters deal with the analytical aspects proper, that at the structural level, and this at the semiotic level, always on a comparative basis. From a structural point of view, we analyze the way as the oral tradition fables of Icolo and Bengo and Bragança are ordered according to the logic of the actions, the particularities of the characters, the chronotopic coordinates and the categorical syntax, according to sequential and actantial schemes by Greimas. While in the field of narrative semiotics, it is paid attention in the relationship between the text and the context, with a careful analysis of macroplanning, referencing and intentionality, in order to understand the meaningful structure, broader, underlying the oral tradition fable of the two literatures. It is believed that the data analyzed here may be useful for the development of further studies on narratives of oral tradition in Angola and Portugal, and for a greater appreciation of these fables.